IGC Inc.

4325 E 51st Street, Suite 126, Tulsa, Oklahoma 74135 Phone: 918-492-0850 Email: info@IGC-OK.com

IGC Inc.

4325 E 51st Street, Suite 126, Tulsa, Oklahoma 74135 Phone: 918-492-0850 Email: info@IGC-OK.com

IGC Inc.

4325 E 51st Street, Suite 126, Tulsa, Oklahoma 74135 Phone: 918-492-0850 Email: info@IGC-OK.com

IGC Inc.

4325 E 51st Street, Suite 126, Tulsa, Oklahoma 74135 Phone: 918-492-0850 Email: info@IGC-OK.com

(7) Advanced Workshop - Problems & Solutions in Exploration Geophysics

Instructor: Dr. Mangat R. Thapar

Course Length: 5 Days

Course CEUs: 4

Course Level: Advanced

Course Description:

This is an advanced level workshop requires hands-on learning working with problems and solutions. This workshop teaches the geoscientists how to define, formulate, and solve problems in exploration geophysics using MS Excel 2007 and Mathcad 15. The problems included in this workshop are from various aspects of exploration geophysics: Seismic Survey Design and Data Acquisition, Seismic Data Processing, AVO, Seismic Attributes, Principles of 3-D Seismic, 2-D and 3-D Seismic Interpretation. Participants in this workshop will work with the problems and solutions provided using MS Excel 2007 and Mathcad 15 to learn how to define problems in exploration geophysics and conduct analyses to derive the solutions numerically and graphically. The participants must be familiar with the above topics. There more than 150 workbooks (more than 80 MS Excel and 70 Mathcad workbooks) covering the above topics and launched by a proprietary Geophysical Tool Box. The user can start MS Excel or Mathcad workbook by selecting the appropriate topic from a dropdown list. The participants can add/delete workbooks of MS Excel or Mathcad to the dropdown list boxes.

Problems and Solutions in:

• Survey Design and Acquisition using MS Excel and Mathcad 15

• Seismic Data Processing using MS Excel and Mathcad 15

• AVO using MS Excel and Mathcad 15

• Seismic Attributes using MS Excel and Mathcad 15 • Principles of 3-D using MS Excel and Mathcad 15

• 2-D and 3-D Interpretation using MS Excel nd Mathcad 15

Exercises:

This is a hands-on workshop for defining and solving geophysical problems.

Learning Outcomes:

• Understanding problems and solutions in exploration geophysics

• Learn to define problems, outline solutions, and select appropriate tools to solve them

• Experience with problem defining and solving all aspects of exploration geophysics • Participants will receive a license for proprietary and valuable IGCTools tools which include

Geophysical Toolbox and Acquisition Footprint Analysis and AVO Extraction. These tools are not sold, and our only available to the participants in this course.

• Geophysical Toolbox is a powerful and simple tool which the participants can use their own workbooks in MS Excel and Mathcad.

• Acquisition Footprint Analysis and AVO Extraction will allow participant to understand seismic data acquisition and related footprints.

Who Should Attend?

Geoscientists who are interested in any of the technical aspects of exploration and exploitation geophysics from Survey Design to 3-D Interpretation. Must have taken courses in: Seismic Survey Design and Data Acquisition, Seismic Data Processing, AVO, Seismic Attributes, Principles of 3-D

Seismic, 2-D and 3-D Seismic Interpretation. The focus of the course is hands-on problem solving and not the “Lecture”. Bring your Laptop computer with MS Office 20007 including Excel and Access. A license for Mathcad 15 is required. This is an advanced level workshop and the course materials listed above will be used as reference material.

Prerequisites:

Must have taken courses in: Seismic Survey Design and Data Acquisition, Seismic Data Processing, AVO, Seismic Attributes, Principles of 3-D Seismic, 2-D and 3-D Seismic Interpretation. Bring your Laptop computer with MS Office 20007 including Excel and Access. A license for Mathcad 15 is required. Participants are encouraged to bring their own Excel or Mathcad workbooks to learn how they can be added to the Geophysical Toolbox.

Course Content

Survey Design and Acquisition

MS Excel

Acquisition FootPrints, Airgun Analysis, Frequency Aliasing and No. of Samples/Cycle, Array Response: Linear & Aerial, Plot Particle Motion: Horizontal vs Vertical Component, Water Bottom Multiples, db Scale-Percent-Ratio Relationship, Frequency-Wavelength-Wavenumber-FK, Fresnel Radius with Depth, Velocity and Frequency, Ground Roll Time-Dist Plots, PSR Travel Times, Refraction Travel Time Multi-Layer Plots, Incidence & Critical Angles - Dip & Depth, Airgun Ghost Reflection from Air/Water Interface, Seismic Wavelets: Bandpass-Klauder-Ricker, UnMigrated and Migrated Angles Relationships,

Mathcad 15

Frequency Aliasing, Array Response, Source - Receiver - Combined Array Response, Directional Source - Receiver Array Response, Summing Frequency Components, Amplitude-Frequency-Phase Spectra, Generate Shooting Geometry, Generate Vibroseis Sweeps & Parameters, Vinroseis Harmonics for Up and Down Sweeps, Sampling and Resampling of Seismic Signal, Signal to Noise in Time and Frequency, Signal to Noise Ratio.

Seismic Data Processing

MS Excel 2007

P & S Wave Absorption, Amplitude Scaling, Seismic Wavelets (Time and Frequency Spectra), CDP

Scatter, Migration Aperture, Water Bottom Multiples, Incidence Angle with Depth, Deep Water

Velocities (RMS, Interval, Average), Deep Water Normal Moveout (NMO), NMO Stretch, Ray

Tracing for Layers with Constant Dip, Diffraction Curves and Diffracted Amplitude, Velocity : NMO,

DMO, LMO, Higher Order NMO, T2X2-Dip, Low Velocity (LVL) & Permafrost, Refractions and

Dipping Refractors, Miscellaneous Worksheets Design and Processing

Mathcad 15

Signal to Noise Ratio Before & After Stack, Generate a Range of Bandpass Filters, Generate

Diffractions & Diffraction Amplitude, Hilbert Transform & Phase Shifting, Model Multiples before

Stack, Relative Amplitude Scaling & AGC with Offset, Groundroll Modeling & Analysis, Frequency

&Phase Spectra Signal & Noise, Bandpass Filter & Correlation Spectra, Statics with Movout, Relative

Amplitude Scaling & AGC, Frequency: Summing, Time Varying & CWT, Minimum & Mixed Phase

Wavelets & Sand Thickness, Stacking with Statics and Noise, Convolution, Correlation, & Spectral

Decomposition, Convert Offset & NMO to Incidence Angles, FK or 2-D Filter, Inverse Filter: Zero,

Minimum & Mixed Phase Wavelets.

AVO

MS Excel

Acquisition Footprints Correction and AVO Extraction, Stacking Velocity -Smoothing- Interval Velocity,

Model Velocity Plot and QC, AVO Models, Gassman's Formulae, Velocity - Density - Posisson Ratio

Relationships Plots, Tuning Thickness, Time - Velocity - Depth Layers (Top/Bottom), Ray Trace AVO

Modeling, Acquisition Footprints, Modeling Surface to Target Depth, Ray Tracing Presence of Velocity

Gradient, Velocity Ray Tracing AVO, Lambda - Mu - Rho - Vp - Vs - Vp/Vs and Poisson's Ratio Cross Plots,

AVO: NI vs PR - Hilterman-Shuey Approximations - A vs B Analysis, Relating A vs B Crossplots to AVO

Responses, Relating NI vs PR Crossplots to AVO Responses, Effect of Velocity - Density - Variation with

Depth on RC, Curvature & PS Correction for Anticline & Syncline, AVO with Depth (4000 to 14000 ft),

AVA Angle Variation with Velocity Gradient, AVA Angle Mute Calculations and Display, AVO: Correction

for Array Response, AVO and AVA and NI vs PR, Surface Boundary PS - PP Corrections for AVO, AVO:

Corrections - Curvature - PS - Array Response - AVO with Depth, Amplitude Scaling: Spherical Divergence -

Attenuation - R&T Losses - t^n, AVO Modeling: Tuning Thickness - Stacking to Interval Velocity - Poisson's

Ratio, AVO Risk Scoring Analysis Spreadsheets, Petrophysics: Estimating Shear Velocity from P, Velocity,

Density & Porosity, Reflected & Transmitted Amplitude & Energy, Reservoir Q Values

Mathcad 15

Blocking a Log with Smoothing, Window Mean, & Standard Deviation-I, AVO using Zoeppritz

Equations:RC as Real or Complex Absolute Value, Modeling AVO for many Layers from Surface to Target,

AVO Responses from Top & Bottom & Combined from Thick to Thin Layers, Extract and Model AVO

Response from CDP Gather with/without Decay, Convert Offset and Time to Incidence Angles for a CDP

Gather, Blocking a Log with Smoothing, Window Mean, & Standard Deviation-II, Fluid and Shear Factor

Calculations, Elastic Impdedance Variation with Incidence Angle, AVO and Attenuation Effects from Gas

Sand (without NMO), AVO and Attenuation Effects from Gas Sand (with NMO), Partition of Seismic Energy

with Incident Energy from Above or Below, Stacking Velocity to Interval Velocity for Seismic Modeling - I,

Stacking Velocity to Interval Velocity for Seismic Modeling – II

Principles of 3-D Seismic

MS Excel

Pitfalls - Velocity Gradients, Velocity - Depth - Time - Gradient, Sampling Aliasing, Wave Propagation

(Wavelength, Aperture, Spatial Aliasing, P and S Attenuation, Semblance - Signal - Noise - Coherence,

Channel and Sand Lens

Mathcad 15

Thickness and Frequency Spectral Notches, Wedge Modeling and Thickness Estimation using Notches in

Frequency Spectra, Generating Horizon Coordinates for Modeling, Generating Horizon Coordinates for

Modeling2

2-D and 3-D Seismic Interpretation

MS Excel

Reservoir Volumetrics, Reservoir Monitoring, Thinning with/without Water Layer, Gas Sand - Water Sand -

Gas Water Sand with Minimum and Zero Phase Wavelets, Thickness Estimation from Amplitudes ( Zero to

Tuning)

Mathcad 15

Horizon Picks for Migrated and Unmigrated Reflections, Migrated and Unmigrated Dipping (Parallel)

Horizons, Diffractions and Migration of Synclinal Feature for Depth Ranging from 1000 to 8000 ft,

Diffractions and Migration of Anticlinal Feature for Depth Ranging from 1000 to 8000 ft, Migrated and

UnMigrated Structure in Time and Depth, 4D Monitor, Attenuation of P & S waves for Reservoir and Non-

Reservoir Rock, Fault Surface and Fault Cuts in Wells.