IFRRO and the Work of the Reproduction Rights Organisation - RRO

Olav Stokkmo, IFRRO Chief Executive

6 April 2011 Polska Kziaksa, Krakow

Point of departure

Management of copyright by RROs

Legislation Management Enforcement

Administering access to © worksThree pillars

Addressing ReprographyPoint of Departure

• Billions of copies made annually

• Most impossible to stop

• Some considered legitimate• Portions/small parts of works for

• Internal use• Non commercial use

• Example: Student’s need for a chapter of a book

• Heaviest users: Education

• Dilemma: Ban or Licence?

Why are photocopies made?

Need for just a small part of the work Need to update information Material not available Material no longer on sale Increased flexibility

Creators and publishers providing access through collective management and RROs

Management of copyright

in text and image based works

RRO Collective Management Complements individual management

• One to One / Many: Individual management

• Many to One / Many: Collective management

as individual licensing is

• Impossible• Typically Orphan works

• Impracticable or Insufficient• Typically Multiple copying & Out-of-Print works

RRO licences complement individual management

Content of RRO licences

• Limited extracts• 5-15%; chapter; article• Personal and Internal use

• Permitted uses• Photocopying and scanning• Download, store, print, internal dissemination, external

dissemination

• Authorised users• Terms• Fees• Usage reporting requirements• Compliance awareness

LegislationEnabling control – supporting access

• Voluntary licence • India, Indonesia, Japan, Philippines, Taiwan, USA • HK, Ireland, UK (Education: Obligation to take up a licence)

• Voluntary License with legislative support• Extended Collective Licence - Nordic countries + Voluntary• France (Compulsory collective management) + Voluntary• Latvia, Zimbabwe (Legal presumption)

• Legal licence • Australia, Korea, Singapore; Netherlands, Switzerland (+ Voluntary) • Levies

• Austria, Belgium, Germany, Burkina Faso, Poland (+ Voluntary)• Spain, Greece (+ Voluntary)

Voluntary model

• Rightholder choice• Individual mandates• Non exclusive• Opt in/out

• User obligation to take licence• Broad licence for copying extracts• May be legal fall-back

• Distribution of fees• Individual & title-specific • Rightholder-set splits

Voluntary with legislative support:Extended Collective Licence

• Rightholder choice• National agreement• Extends to international• Equal treatment• Opt out if wished• Comprehensive• No legal risk• Distribution via r/h bodies

Non Members(national, foreign)

User(Library)

Licensing Agreement

RRO

Mandated byRightholders

Collective Licence

§

Mandated byRightholdersAssocation

Extended Collective Licence

Legal licences

• Statutory or legal• Equal entitlement• No opt out• Legal – fees set by law• Statutory – by negotiation

• Levy • Equipment• Operator

• Distribution to individuals

Systems may be combined, for example…

• Legal licence• Equipment levy • Private copying

• Voluntary licence• Organisations• Large-scale copying

RROs Areas of Licensing

• Education at all levels• Schools; Universities; Further education; Distance Education

• Public Administration• Government; Regional; Local

• Trade and Industry

• Religious bodies

• Public and Research libraries

• Cultural institutions

• Copy shops

©Thank you for your attention

www.ifrro.orgOlav.Stokkmo@ifrro.org