Harminder Singh Sidhu Sr. Research Engineer

H.Sidhu@cgiar.org

Rice Straw Management : Impacts, Challenges and Solutions

®30 0 3015

Kilometers

Biomass Intensity (t/ha)

Legend

5.001 - 7.000

7.001 - 9.000

9.001 - 12.000

2.000 - 5.000

Total Surplus Crop Biomass in Punjab State

Rice Straw : 65-70%

Rice Husk : 5-10%

Wheat Straw : 10-15%

Possible Residue Management Solutions

Collection

Residue incorporation (most difficult)

Burning

Complete burning (mostly practiced)

Partial burning

Residue Mulch

Mostly Practiced Rice Residue Management Technique

NGT and PIL in High Court

NASA’s satellite picture on November 03, 2016 - rice residue burning in North-West India:https://worldview.earthdata.nasa.gov/?p=geographic&l=MODIS_Aqua_CorrectedReflectance_TrueColor(hidden),MODIS_Terra_CorrectedReflectance_TrueColor(hidden),VIIRS_SNPP_CorrectedReflectance_TrueColor,Reference_Features(hidden),Reference_Labels,Coastlines,VIIRS_SNPP_Fires_375m_Night(hidden),VIIRS_SNPP_Fires_375m_Day&t=2016-11-02&z=3&v=35.0973907447395,-1.955896021329437,125.0973907447395,40.51285397867056&ab=off&as=2016-10-18&ae=2016-10-27&av=3&al=true

Impacts & Challenges

Conservation Agriculture & Residue management

Three Principles

• No/Minimum Tillage

• Soil Cover with residue

• Crop Rotation

Three Benefits

Enhanced Productivity

Richer Resources

Climate Adaptation

<<<<<<<<<< Choosing Directions >>>>>>>>>

•Un-sustainability can not be the option

•It need to be biophysically and socio-economically sustainable.

•Sustainability also demands confronting climate change

Super SMS

Moisture conservation at different layers for

mulched and un-mulched plots

5.0

7.0

9 .0

11.0

13 .0

15.0

17.0

19 .0

7.5 15 3 0 6 0 9 0 12 0

Depth of layers (cm)

Mo

istu

re c

on

ten

t (%

)without mulchWith mulch

Weed matter growth in mulched and

un-mulched plots

Weed matter after 45 days of sowing

Weed matter after 90 days of sowing

0

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

Qu

an

tity

(t/

ha)

Plot A2 Plot P6 Plot P1

Plots

With mulchWithout mulch

0

0.05

0.1

0.15

0.2

0.25

Qu

an

tity

(t/

ha)

Plot A2 Plot P6 Plot P1

Plots

With mulch

Without mulch

39

6

140

11

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

qu

an

tity

kg

/ha

N P K S

Quantity of Nutrient available in Rice Straw in one hectare

Organic

Canopy temperature under various tillage option

Wheat

Varieties

Canopy Temperature ( ºC )

Turbo Happy

Seeder

Zero till Conventional Rotoseeder

DBW 17 30.1 30.6 31.8 32.8

PBW 550 29.5 30.7 31.7 33.9

HD 2894 31.5 32.5 32.9 33.2

Average 30.37 31.27 32.13 33.30No. of

observations

43 10 18 5

Rice Residue Management

Rs 60000-65000 /ha

Germination

Moong Yield was 1.6 t/ha

A Technology having ‘Multiple Wins’

Way Forward• Turning Agriculture Waste into Wealth

• Forceful implementation or willful adoption

• Farmer and Environment Friendly Innovation, widespread with proper knowledge dissemination and effective trainings

• Innovative business cases for scaling and Win Win for all

• Avoid Policy Mismatch

• Super SMS should be mandatory, Combine custom operator should also have two Happy Seeders per combine (1200+1400)

• Breakeven

• Farmer should be rewarded for not burning

• A Sacred service to save environment, water, soil health and timely seeding with more net returns

http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-

nation/smog-in-delhi-arvind-kejriwals-men-bat-for-punjab-

farmers/articleshow/55300431.cms

http://www.financialexpress.com/fe-columnist/pollution-in-delhi-how-

paytm-ceo-can-fight-stubble-burning-to-clear-the-air/440656/

http://www.bloombergquint.com/opinion/2016/11/08/paytm-ceo-

should-promote-no-straw-burn-wheat-cultivation

http://epaper.tribuneindia.com/1027333/Jalandhar-Edition/JLE_07_December_2016#page/4/2

Conservation Agriculture

Agriculture of the Future

Future of the Agriculture

Thanks