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IFPRI -CSISA - Innovations in Production and Production Technology- R K Malik
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Transcript of IFPRI -CSISA - Innovations in Production and Production Technology- R K Malik
Innovations in production and production technology
R. K. Malik & Andrew McDonald
CSISA Project, CIMMYT-India
Cereal Systems Initiative for South Asia (CSISA)
Widespread
dissemination of
production and
postharvest
technologies to
increase cereal
production, resource
efficiency and
incomes
IMPLEMENTATION STRATEGY
PRIVATE SECTOR
Contributions
New productsHybrids New technologies
Benefits
Increase in salesAccess to large no of farmers Backward integration
CHAMPION FARMERS
Contributions
Take-up sustainable intensificationOpinion buildersHelping innovationsSeed production
SAUS and ICAR-KVKs Contributions
Trained human capitalQuality farmersNew technologies
DOAField level extension
Hubs -Generate value to farmers, target and refine technologies, facilitate custom services, guide private sector about quality products, services of customized products (seeds), development of human capital, dissemination and distribution of information, and access to technologies in IARS.
Solution: Mechanization for Sustainable Intensification
Original Widely Used Zero Till drill Paddy trans-planter (S Korean)
Zero Till Seeder for High Residues Levels Paddy Trnas-planter (Chinese)
2002......................
Peter Jennings, FLAR, 2005
Yie
ld
Variety revolution
(semi-dwarfs – 2 t / ha)350 new varieties released
Agronomic Revolution(management gain 2 t / ha, )
Creation of FLAR
.......................1968 1995
The rice revolution in South America
Acceleration of management gains
Courtesy of A. Dobermann
Green Revolution - Then
Dwarfing genes allow product of
photosynthesis for reinvestment in grain.
Sustained selection for yield by diverting
such savings into grain growth.
Proportion of crop biomass ended up in
grain increase from 30 to 50%.
Increase in yield potential is through rise
in harvest index.
• Majority of area in rabi remain fallow mainly because less residual moisture left for rabi crop
• Hybrid rice with shorter to medium duration can maintain or improve rice yield and vacate the field earlier which allows better opportunity to utilize residual moisture for rabi crops
Frequent drought and worstflooding – a cause of concern-Sub 1 and drought tolerantShahbhagi Dhan
Hybrids in maize and rice
GM crops
5.2
5.4
5.6
5.8
6
6.2
6.4
6.6
6.8
7
Hybrids Varieties
Pad
dy
yie
ld (
t/h
a)
Filling the food bowl now
Direct Seeded Rice
DSR in Odisha
• Mostly by broadcasting
method
– shift to line sowing with ZT
machine
• Early seeding to facilitate
rabi crops
• Shorter to medium duration
hybrids to facilitate rabi
crops
Bihar & Eastern UP
Hybrids
Inbred varieties
DSR in Odisha
• Mostly by broadcasting
method
– shift to line sowing with ZT
machine
• Early seeding to facilitate
rabi crops
• Shorter to medium duration
hybrids to facilitate rabi
crops & system
intensification
Bihar & Eastern UP
Machine transplanted rice in non-puddled soil
(MTUPR)
Odisha
• Saves labour (20 man-day/ha),
water (10%), energy (tillage costs)
and time
• Higher productivity:
– Facilitate transplanting of younger
age (15-20 days) in line &
maintain optimum plant population
– Allows more tillering due to
shallow transplanting.
– Maintains more number of
effective tillers
• Early transplanting/short duration
hybrids to facilitate double
cropping (rabi crop)
Bihar & Eastern UP
Hybrids
Inbred varieties
Direct seeded rice (DSR), Machine transplanted unpuddled
rice (MTUPR) and puddled transplanted rice (PTR)
Rice establishment methods
Pooled analysis (2010 & 2011)
Establishment
method
Paddy
Yield
(t/ha)
No. of
Demos
Std.
Deviation
DSR 5.322 563 .8325
MTUPR 6.776 145 1.2101
PTR 5.162 43 .6128
Total 5.594 751 1.0760
Achieving SI: systems-based adaptations
Shorter duration rice (e.g.
hybrids)
Early rice establishment
PH mechanization for rice
Zero-tillage for wheat
Land drainage
The thermal window for wheat in SA is shrinking
(wheat breeding +++)
R.K. Malik et al.
Laser land leveling (Interns report 2010)
• Diesel pump based irrigation in EIGP is costly.• It’s less frequency and extent impacts productivity growth
Results of rice NOPT trials and development of Rice-wheat Crop
Manager (EUP & Bihar 2013)
Estimate yield gain from applied N as
a function of target yield
Estimate yield gain from applied P as a
function of target yield (16% yield gain)
Target yield
(t/ha)
P-limited
yield (t/ha)
P2O5 rates
(kg/ha)
4 3.4 16
5 4.2 20
6 5.1 24
7 5.9 28
8 6.7 32
Target yield
(t/ha)
N-limited
yield (t/ha)
N rates
(kg/ha)
4 2.3 90
5 3.0 110
6 3.8 125
7 4.5 140
8 5.3 150
Estimate yield gain from applied K as a
function of target yield (14% yield gain)
Target yield
(t/ha)
K-limited
yield (t/ha)
K20 rates
(kg/ha)
4 3.4 23
5 4.3 29
6 5.1 34
7 6.0 40
8 6.8 46
K rate based on K balance approach
vs yield gain approach
Linking SPs with Public & Private SectorsIn Bihar & Eastern UP
Farmer
Wholesaler : Retailer
1 : 81 Eastern UP
1 : 106 Bihar
Capacity building of dealers and field officers
– Hybrids– Seed treatment– Varietal selection– Weed management– Fertilizer management– Pesticide spray equipment and application technology– Pest management – Exposure visits– Mechanization– Training material– Messaging- like weather forecast, insect-pest alerts– Crop insurance and climate change– Crop manager- Nutrient expert
Opportunities - many segments
• Increase in yield means rising
demand for inputs. We must
encourage more farmers to use
external inputs
• We need to mainstream service
providers and dealers to repair
the extension system.
• There is booming market for
inputs but farmers need
services.
• Labour shortage means rising
demand for mechanization in
agriculture.
• Climate change and crop
insurance
Months Business Activities
January Paddy Thresher & Herbicide Spray (Wheat) & Rice Hauler
February Paddy Thresher & Multi crop planter (Maize) & Rice Hauler
March Zero-tillage (Green Gram) & Multi crop planter (Maize) & Rice Hauler
April Wheat Thresher & Laser Land Leveller
May Laser Land Leveller, Zero-tillage Machine (DSR), Mat-type Nursery & Sale of Rice Seed
June Zero-tillage Machine (DSR), Mat-type Nursery, Laser Land Leveller, Rice Trans-planter, Bed Planting Maize, Sale of Rice Seed & Sale of Herbicide
July Rice Trans-planter, Bed Planting Maize & Herbicide Spray (Paddy & Maize) & Sale of Herbicide
August Rice Trans-planter, Herbicide Sale & Spray (Paddy & Maize)
September Pesticide Sale & Spray (Paddy & Maize)
October Zero-tillage (Mustard) & Laser Land Leveller & Sale of Wheat Seed
November Zero-tillage (Wheat & Mustard), Multi crop planter-Bed Planting (Maize), Herbicide Sale & Spray (Wheat), Paddy Thresher & Sale of Wheat Seed
December Zero-tillage (Wheat), Paddy Thresher, & Herbicide Sale & Spray (Wheat & Maize)