IE Lg and Culture PP 1-2
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European Languages and Multicultural Education Mª Elena Gómez Parra, PhD. Dpt. of English and German Philologies University of Córdoba Spain
description
culture
Transcript of IE Lg and Culture PP 1-2
European Languages and Multicultural
Education Mª Elena Gómez Parra, PhD.
Dpt. of English and German Philologies University of Córdoba
Spain
1. Europe and the Indo-‐European
O 1.1. European linguistic roots. O 1.2. Main European linguistic branches and
languages: the construction of cultural identities.
1.1. European linguistic roots
O Language change: evolution (thee > you).
O Comparative linguistics:
O Related languages: common ancestor. O Comparative linguistics: definition. O Reconstructed language: proto-language.
1.1. European linguistic roots O Proto-Indo-European families of languages
O 1. The Old World families:
O A. The Afroasiatic H. Dravidian O B. The Nilo-Saharan I. Sino-Tibetan O C. The Niger-Kordofanian J. Austro-Asiatic O D. The Khoisan K. Austro-Thai O E. The Finno-Ugric L. Papuan O F. The Altaic M. Australian O G. South Caucasian N. Isolated lgs.
1.1. European linguistic roots
O Proto-Indo-European families of languages
O 2. The New World families:
O A. Eskimo-Aleutic O B. The Na-Dene O C. The Amerindian
1.1. European linguistic roots O Proto-Indo-European families of languages:
1.1. European linguistic roots
O Indo-European families of languages: (The Sanskrit: related to European lgs.)
O 1. Indo-Iranian 10. Thracian O 2. Tocharian 11. Macedonian O 3. Armenian 12. Greek O 4. Anatolian 13. Illyrian O 5. Phrygian 14. Messapian O 6. Balto-Slavic 15. Lusitanian O 7. Celtic 16. Albanian O 8. Venetic 17. Italic O 9. Germanic
1.1. European linguistic roots O Map of the Indo-European languages
1.2. Main European linguistic branches and languages: the
construction of cultural identities
O The culture of the Indo-Europeans O Material vs. non-material culture:
O A. Material: places of habitation, houses, eating & drinking, trade, transport, weapons …
O B. Non-material: organization (family, tribe, law) and religion.
O Some of these will be analyzed: identification of the Indo-European culture.
O The culture of the Indo-Europeans O A. Material culture (I):
O Cities: Indo-European had no cities (*uik- = ‘settlement’).
O Houses: made of wood (*dom = ‘house’). O Eating & drinking: words for ‘cook’ (*pekw-),
‘meat’ (*mems-), ‘fish’ (*dgd uH-), ‘salt’ (*selh2l-’), ‘grain’ (*grHno-) …
O Agriculture: words for ‘sowing’ (*seh1-), ‘field’ (Gr. ‘ároura’).
1.2. Main European linguistic branches and languages: the
construction of cultural identities
O The culture of the Indo-Europeans O A. Material culture (II):
O Cattle Raising (domestic animals): ‘cow’ (*gweh3us, Skt. gaús, Latv. gùovs), ‘bull’ (*teh2uros, Lat. Taurus) – also ‘sheep’ and ‘lamb’.
Gen. word for ‘livestock’ (*pekú, Lat. Pecus > pecunia) = livestock used as currency. Horses, dogs, chickens and rabbits.
O Clothing: word for ‘clothing oneself’ (*ues-). O Metals: word for ‘copper’ /’bronze’ (*h2éios). Iron appears
later. Gold seems to be derived from ‘yellow’ + ‘silver’. O Weapons: word for ‘sword’ (Skt. así-). O Transport: word for ‘carry, ride’ (*uegh-) O Trade: word for ‘buying’ (*kwrih2-)
1.2. Main European linguistic branches and languages: the
construction of cultural identities
O The culture of the Indo-Europeans
O B. Non-material culture (Organization and religion):
O Family: words for ‘father’ (*ph2t’er), ‘mother’ (*meh2ter), brother, sister, ‘son’ and ‘daughter’...
O Tribe/people: word for ‘people’ (*teuta), king (*h3reg-s), free man (*uiHró).
O Law: Sanskrit word for ‘justice’ (Lat. ‘ius’) is ‘yós’. ‘Stealing’ is *(s)teh2- and ‘thief’ is ‘tajo’.
O Religion: words for ‘God’ (*Dieus *ph2tér), ‘immortal’ (*nmrtós), ‘holy’ (*dhh1s-o)
1.2. Main European linguistic branches and languages: the construction of
cultural identities
O The Indo-European languages
O Language change: O Proportional analogy is the situation ‘a : b = c : x’ (in which
‘x’ represents the new form that needs to be solved). E.g. sunum : sunus = fotum: x (x = fotus / foot). O Replacement is found when one form simply replaced
another (e.g. *hétetai replaced by hépetai). O Addition: when the old form does not disappear. E.g. ‘áy-a-
(ni)’ where ‘-ni’ is an added suffix. O Creation of new formations: new forms that simply evolve.
1.2. Main European linguistic branches and languages: the
construction of cultural identities
The Indo-‐European language and culture
O Video watching: summary of the IE language, evolution and culture
Bibliographical Refs. • Beamer, L. & Varner, I. (2008). Intercultural Communication
in the Global Workplace. McGraw-Hill: New York. • Beekes, R.S.P. (2011). Comparative Indo-European
linguistics: an introduction. John Benjamins: Amsterdam. • Clackson, J. (2007). Indo-European Linguistics. An
Introduction. CUP: Cambridge. • Mallory, J.P. (1989). In Search of the Indo-Europeans.
Thames & Hudson: London. • Reynolds, S. & Valentine, D. (2011). Guide to Cross-Cultural
Communication (2nd Ed). Prentice Hall: New Jersey (pp. xvi-xix).
• Culture. Practical Approaches to IC Communication. Pearson Longman: London.
