HYDROLOGIC APPRAISAL OF THE PINE BARRENS, SUFFOLK … · Long Island's Pine Barrens in southeastern...

HYDROLOGIC APPRAISAL OF THE PINE BARRENS, SUFFOLK COUNTY, NEW YORK

by Richard K. Krulikas

U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY

Water-Resources Investigations Report 84-4271

Prepared in cooperation with

LONG ISLAND REGIONAL PLANNING BOARD

Syosset, New York

1986

UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR

DONALD PAUL MODEL, Secretary

GEOLOGICAL SURVEY

Dallas L. Peck, Director

For additional information write to

U.S. Geological Survey 5 Aerial Way Syosset, New York 11791 Telephone: (516) 938-8830

Copies of this report may be purchased from:

Open-File Services Section Western Distribution Branch U.S. Geological Survey Box 25425, Federal Center Denver, Colorado 80225 Telephone: (303) 234-5888

ii

CONTENTSPage

Abstract. ............................... 1Introduction. ............................. 1

Purpose and scope. ........................ 2Previous studies ......................... 2Method of investigation. ..................... 3Acknowledgments. ......................... 3

General setting ............................ 6Location and extent of area. ................... 6Land use ............................. 6Population ............................ 6

Geohydrology. ............................. 6Geologic setting ......................... 6Hydrology. ............................ 12

Precipitation ........................ 12Recharge and discharge of ground water. ........... 14Flow subsystems and recharge zones. ............. 14Ground-water levels ..................... 15

Water table. ...................... 18Magothy aquifer. .................... 18

Surface water ........................ 18Water quality ............................. 24

Public-supply wells ....................... 24Observation wells. ........................ 24Private wells. .......................... 24Surface water. .......................... 28Sewage-treatment plants. ..................... 28Areas of point-source contamination. ............... 32

Water use and pumpage ......................... 34Public-water supply. ....................... 34Brookhaven National Laboratory water supply. ........... 35

Summary and conclusions ........................ 36References cited. ........................... 37

ILLUSTRATIONS

Figure 1. Map showing major geographic features of Long Island andlocation of Pine Barrens .................. 2

2. Map showing location of wells and streamflow-measurement sites in Pine Barrens and position of geologic sections shown in figure 5...................... 4

3. Generalized geologic section of the Pine Barrens ...... 7

4. Map showing altitude of the top of the Magothy-MatawanFormation, undifferentiated. ................ 8

5. Geohydrologic sections A-A', B-B', and C-C' in the PineBarrens. .......................... 11

111

ILLUSTRATIONS (continued)Page

Figure 6. Graphs showing average annual and average monthlyprecipitation at Upton, 1943-82. .............. 13

7. Map showing approximate areas of shallow and deep ground- water flow subsystems. ................... 16

8. Long-term hydrographs for wells S3543, S5517, S6411, andS8835. ........................... 19

9. Map showing water-table altitude in the Pine Barrens,September 1983 ....................... 20

10. Map of potentiometric surface of Magothy aquifer in thePine Barrens, September 1983 ................ 22

11. Map showing locations of observation wells and private wells having nitrate-nitrogen concentrations greater than 10 mg/L and volatile organic chemical concentrations greater than 50 JJg/L .................... 26

12. Map showing locations of point-source contamination. .... 30

TABLES

Table 1. Geologic and hydrogeologic units in the Pine Barrens .... 10

2. Nitrate-nitrogen concentrations greater than 10 mg/L, and volatile organic chemical concentrations greater than 50 yg/L in water samples from selected wells in the Pine Barrens, 1978-82 ...................... 25

3. Concentrations of detergents (MBAS) in selected streams inthe Pine Barrens, New York, 1982-83. ............ 29

4. Industries that hold or haul wastewater in the Pine Barrens. 32

5. Industrial wastewater discharges in the Pine Barrens .... 33

6. Estimated public-supply withdrawals by Suffolk County Water Authority and private well companies in the Pine Barrens, 1982 ............................ 35

7. Estimated public-supply withdrawals by Brookhaven NationalLaboratory, 1982 ...................... 36

8. Water levels in wells in the Pine Barrens, September, 1983 . 40

9. Discharge of selected streams in the Pine Barrens, 1982-83 . 42

iv

TABLES (continued)Page

Table 10. Concentrations of nitrate-nitrogen in water from selected Suffolk County Department of Health Services observation wells in the Pine Barrens, 1972-82 ............. 44

11. Sewage-treatment plants in the Pine Barrens. ........ 50

12. Documented point sources of ground-water contaminants in thePine Barrens 52

CONVERSION FACTORS AND ABBREVIATIONS

Multiply inch-pound units

foot (ft)

square mile (mi2\

gallon (gal)

cubic foot per second(ft3/ s )

gallon per minute (gal/min) gallon per day (gal/d) million gallons per day

(Mgal/d)

by_

Length

0.3048

Area

2.590

Volume

0.003785

Flow

0.028320.063080.003785

0.04381

Abbreviation

To obtain SI units

meter (m)

square kilometer (km^)

cubic meter (m3)

cubic meter per second(m3 /s)

liter per second (L/s) cubic meter per day (m cubic meter per second

(m3/ s )

picocuries per liter (pci/L)

HYDROLOGIC APPRAISAL OF THE PINE BARRENS, SUFFOLK COUNTY, NEW YORK

by Richard K. Krulikas

Abstract

The ground-water resources of the Pine Barrens, in southeastern Suffolk County, were appraised during 1982-83 for their potential for use as a supply of potable water. The study area encompasses approximately 50 square miles. The Precambrian bedrock is overlain by Cretaceous, Pleistocene, and Holocene deposits. The surficial material consists of morainal and outwash deposits overlain by recent beach and marsh deposits.

The ground-water reservoir consists of three aquifers the Lloyd and the Magothy of Cretaceous age and the upper glacial of Pleistocene age. The water is generally of suitable quality for drinking and most other uses except in several localized spots where point-source contamination has been documented.

Precipitation is the sole source of recharge. Average annual precipitation recorded in the area during 1943-82 was 43 inches, about half of which reaches the ground-water reservoir. Overland runoff is estimated to be 0.5 inches per year, and evapotranspiration 23 inches per year.

Total public water-supply withdrawal in the area in 1982 is estimated to have been 9.09 million gallons per day (Mgal/d). The upper glacial aquifer is the major source of public water; pumpage in 1982 was 7.88 Mgal/d; pumpage from the Magothy was 1.02 Mgal/d, and pumpage from the Lloyd aquifer was 0.19 Mgal/d.

Stream discharge is measured periodically at 17 streamflow- measurement sites on the 11 streams in the Pine Barrens.

INTRODUCTION

More than 2.8 million people on Long Island depend on ground water for drinking water and most other uses. Long Island's aquifers have been designated as "sole source" by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Increasing urbanization and industrialization have altered the quality of water in parts of the aquifers, and some of the water has become impotable. Ground-water planners and managers are, therefore, in search of areas of high-quality potable ground water.

One area proposed as a source of high-quality ground water is a part of Long Island's Pine Barrens in southeastern Suffolk County (fig. 1), which is a relatively undisturbed woodland of pine and oak. Because this is the least populated and least industrialized part of the island, its ground water is probably of high quality. Proper development and management of this natural resource and protection of its quality will require thorough understanding of the geohydrologic environment and its chemical characteristics.

72°

SUFFOLK

NASSAU \ COUNTY Town of Southampton

Town of Brookhaven

Study area

Base from U.S. Geological Survey State base map, 1:500,000, 1974

Figure 1. Major geographic features of Long Island and location of Pine Barrens.

Purpose and Scope

From April 1982 through September 1983, the U.S. Geological Survey investigated the water resources of the Pine Barrens in cooperation with the Long Island Regional Planning Board to (1) describe the geohydrologic units and their relationships; (2) delineate the occurrence and movement of fresh ground water and surface water; and (3) evaluate the chemical quality of several selected properties and constituents of the water in the major aquifers, and (4) identify areas of point-source contamination.

This report summarizes the results of most aspects of the study. Pertinent data on the geology and hydrology of the area are shown on a series of maps, geologic sections, and hydrographs of wells. Certain water-management implications are discussed in the context of these data.

Previous Studies

The geology of the Pine Barrens and the surrounding area were first studied by Fuller (1914); his report describes the Pleistocene units and

includes a surficial geologic map. A later description of the subsurface geology (including ground water) is presented in Suter, deLaguna, and Perlmutter (1949). Others who have written on the geology and ground water of the area are Holzmacher, McLendon, and Murrell (1968) and Jensen and Soren (1974).

Several water-table maps of Long Island that include the Pine Barrens have been published, including Nakao and Erlichman (1978) for 1975 and Donaldson and Koszalka (1982a, b, c) for 1979.

Other hydrologic investigations of this area are described by Cohen, Franke, and McClymonds (1969), who studied the effects of the 1962-66 drought; Prince (1976), who depicted the potentiometric surface of the Magothy aquifer; and Donaldson and Koszalka (1982a, b, c), who depicted the water-table altitude and the potentiometric surface of the Lloyd and Magothy aquifers. Some of the streamflow and water-quality data presented herein have been published by the U.S. Geological Survey (1981, 1982, 1983).

Method of Investigation

Wells in the Pine Barrens were inventoried to determine which would be most suitable for water-level measurements. An additional 21 wells were drilled to improve the observation-well network. (These additional wells are those having well numbers greater than S74287.) Locations of all hydrologic data sites are shown in figure 2.

Ground-water levels in the upper glacial (water-table) aquifer were measured from April 1982 through September 1983. Water-level data from 112 observation wells measured in September 1983 were used to make a water-table map (fig. 9), and water-level data from five wells screened in the underlying Magothy aquifer were used to make a potentiometric-surface map (fig. 10). All water-level data are given in table 8 (at end of report). All well measurements were adjusted to sea level to uniformly define the water-table and potentiometric-surface altitude.

Ground-water and surface-water samples were analyzed for physical and chemical properties. The analyses were made by the Suffolk County Department of Health Services and the Suffolk County Water Authority.

Acknowledgments

The author thanks Vito Mine! of the Suffolk County Department of Health Services for supplying all pertinent water-quality data, and the Suffolk County Water Authority and the New York State Department of Conservation for supplying pumpage data.

^06410 i Vt "037991'.!

Ridge jM'' f - .-,00^

: /, Brookhaven 47226«^47227 ^47329^ t? 3-47 /"National Laboratory

Upton i

Base from U.S. Geological Survey Topographic maps, 1:24,000 scale Figure 2. Location of wells and streamflow-

and position of geologic

45' 40' 35' 72 C

74307 OBSERVATI ON WELL-- Number assigned by New York StateDepartment of Environmental Conservation (prefix S is omitted)

O PUBLIC WATER-SUPPLY WELL

^4745 STREAMFLOW-MEASUREMENTSITE-Number i s shortened station-identification number; all station numbers are preceded by 0130

A' HYDROGEOLOGICSECTION(Sectionsareshowninfigure5)

BOUNDARY OF STUDY AREA

+52383

3539,, " 74307

SOUTHAMPTON

0

0

11 2

2 SMILES

3 KILOMETERS

30' 41° 00'

55'

50'

40°

measurement sites in Pine Barrens sections shown in figure 5.

GENERAL SETTING

Location and Extent of Area

The Long Island Pine Barrens encompass approximately 50 mi^ in southeastern Suffolk County between 72°30 f and 72°58 f W longitude and 40°48 f and 40°57' N latitude. A detailed map of the area is shown in figure 2. The area is bounded on the north by Routes 25 and 25A, on the east by Riverhead- Hampton Bays Road (Route 24), on the south by Montauk Highway (Route 27A) and Yaphank-Middle Island Road, and on the west by Radio Avenue-Yaphank-Middle Island Road. The area encompasses the southeastern part of the Town of Brookhaven, the southwestern part of the Town of Riverhead, and the western part of the Town of Southampton.

Land Use

Land in the Pine Barrens is used for several purposes, principally housing, parks and recreation, and agriculture, with smaller allotments for commerce and industry, transportation, and utilities. Residential use predominates in the western part of the Town of Brookhaven and in the southern part of the Town of Southampton along Montauk Highway, whereas recreational and agricultural use predominate in the eastern part of the Town of Brookhaven and the western part of the Town of Southampton. The recreational lands consist of parks and wildlife sanctuaries; the agricultural lands are mainly sod farms, orchards, shrub and tree nurseries, and fields for crops such as corn, cauliflower, cabbage, and potatoes. Commerce and industry are confined to the major roads. The three biggest single occupants are Brookhaven National Laboratories, the Navy Industrial Aircraft facilities, and Suffolk Air Force Base (fig. 2).

Population

Population of the Pine Barrens area in 1981 is estimated to have been about 23,000 (Long Island Lighting Company, 1981). This figure is based upon the populations of the six main townships in the area Manorville, 6,820; Riverside-Flanders, 5,400; Westhampton, 1,580; Brookhaven National Laboratory, 400, and Ridge, 8,830 (fig. 2). The figures and estimates do not include the part-time residents and tourists, who substantially increase the total population and water demands during summer. The number of seasonal residents is unknown.

GEOHYDROLOGY

Geologic Setting

The Pine Barrens is underlain by unconsolidated deposits that rest unconformably on the Precambrian(?) basement complex (fig. 3). The formations strike northeast and dip to the southeast. Depth to basement increases southward from approximately 900 ft on the north shore to 1,500 ft below sea level on the barrier islands.

The basement complex is overlain by the Raritan Formation, which consists of the Lloyd Sand Member and an overlying clay member. The Lloyd Sand Member is approximately 300 ft thick, and the clay member is approximately 200 ft thick. The Matawan Group and Magothy Formation, undifferentiated, overlies the Raritan Formation; its thickness ranges from 100 ft at the north shore to more than 900 ft in the southern part of the area. These three units are of Late Cretaceous age and are continuous beneath the study area. The Monmouth Group disconformably overlies the Matawan Group and Magothy Formation, undifferentiated, and is in turn disconformably overlain by the Gardiners Clay. The Monmouth Group is a marine deposit of Cretaceous age that occurs along the barrier islands, primarily in Suffolk County. Its thickness ranges from 0 to 200 ft.

NORTH SOUTH

PINE BARRENS

SUFFOLK COUNTYLONG ISLAND

SOUNDATLANTIC

OCEAN

. '.;>! ' Matawan Group and ^. Magothy Formation

undifferentiated

Clayey sand, silt, and sandy clay

Figure 3. Generalized geologic section of the Pine Barrens. (Modified from Cohen and others, 1968.)

The altitude of the top of the Matawan Group and Magothy Formation, undifferentiated, is shown in figure 4. Recent test-hole data indicate a buried channel, more than 600 ft below sea level in the northwestern part of the area, that extends north to the limit of the Matawan Group and Magothy Formation, undifferentiated, sequence, as defined by Jensen and Soren (1974). North of this limit it was eroded away by glacial activity, so that subsequent Pleistocene deposits unconformably overlie the Raritan Formation in that area. The channel is bounded on the northeast by a surface high having an altitude of less than 150 ft below sea level.

73° 00'

4100

55' 50' ?

LONG ISLAND SOUND

55

50

Carummao AirportPeconicBJver Plant

Brookhaven National Laboratory

Upton i

40° 45'

Base from U.S. Geological Survey Topographic maps, 1:24.000 scale Figure 4. Altitude of top of the

45' 40'

=P ,. .

35'

--115 WELL OR TEST HOLE-- Screened in or penetrates* Magothy Forma tion-Matawan Group, undifferentiated.

Number is altitude of top of formation, in feet above or below sea level

-200 STRUCTURE CONTOUR-- Shows altitude of top ofMagothy Forma tion-Matawan Group, undifferentiated. Dashed where approximately located. Contour interval 50 feet. Da turn is sea level


72° 30' 41° 00'

KIVERHEAD

|ft Suffolk Air I Force Base

OCEAN

01 0

1

11 2

2 SMILES

3 KILOMETERS

55'

50'

40°

Magothy-Matawan Formation, undifferentiated.

The Pleistocene formations of the area consist of several glacial, periglacial, and interglacial units, including a marine clay known as the Gardiners(?) Clay. The surficial geologic units consist of Pleistocene outwash, moraines, and Holocene deposits; the Holocene material includes shore, beach, salt-marsh deposits, and, at certain locations, artificial fill, The geologic and corresponding hydrogeologic units in the area are summarized in table 1; three sectional stratigraphic diagrams of several deep test wells within the area are given in figure 5.

Table 1. Geologic and hydrogeologic units in the Pine Barrens. 1

[Relative position of units is shown in fig. 3]

Hydrogeologic unit

Geologic name

Description and water-bearing character

Upper glacial aquifer

Gardiners Clay

Monmouth greensand

Holocene andupper Pleistocene deposits

Gardiners Clay

Monmouth Group, undifferentiated

Magothy aquifer

Matawan Group and Magothy Formation, undi fferentiated

Raritan Clay

Lloyd aquifer

Bedrock

Unnamed clay member of the Raritan Formation

Lloyd Sand Member of the Raritan Formation

Undifferentiated crystalline rocks

Mainly brown and gray sand and gravel of moderate to high hydraulic conductiv ity; also includes deposits of clayey glacial till and lacustrine clay of low hydraulic conductivity. A major aquifer.

Green and gray clay, silt, clayey and silty sand, and some interbedded clayey and silty gravel: low hydraulic conductivity. Unit tends to confine water in underlying aquifer.

Interbedded marine deposits of dark- gray, olive-green, dark-greenish-gray, and greenish-black glauconitic and lignitic clay, silt, and clayey and silty sand. Unit has low hydraulic conductivity and tends to confine water in underlying aquifer. The northern limit of this formation may lie slightly south of the study area.

Gray and white fine to coarse sand of moderate hydraulic conductivity. Generally contains sand and gravel beds of low to high hydraulic conductivity in basal 100 to 200 feet. Contains much interstitial clay and silt, and beds and lenses of clay of low hydraulic conductivity. A major aquifer though not highly developed in the study area.

Gray, black, and multicolored clay and some silt and fine sand. Unit has low hydraulic conductivity and tends to confine water in underlying aquifer.

White and gray fine-to-coarse sand and gravel of moderate hydraulic conduc tivity and some clayey beds of low hydraulic conductivity. Not developed as a source of water in the study area.

Mainly metamorphic rocks of low hydrau lic conductivity; surface generally weathered; considered to be the bottom of the ground-water reservoir.

Modified from Jensen and Soren (1971).

10

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; l^fcjj Sand, si Ity sand, si Ity clay

i 0 i MILE Continues to* 0 1 KILOMETER 1629ft

Hydrology by Richard K. Krulikas, 1983

Figure 5. Gedhydrologio sections A-A' and B-B' in the Pine Barrens ofSuffolk County. (Locations of sections are shown in fig. 2.)

Hydrology

Precipitation is the sole source of freshwater in the Pine Barrens, and recharge to the ground-water reservoir results from infiltration of precipitation through the soil to the water table. The amount of water that reaches the water table varies throughout the year and is controlled by (1) form, frequency, and intensity of precipitation; (2) slope of the land surface; (3) geology, soil-moisture content, and the amount and kind of vegetal cover; and (4) air temperature.

Precipitation

The climate of the Pine Barrens is characterized by a moderate temperature range and mild winters that are influenced by the Atlantic Ocean and Long Island Sound. Precipitation falls in almost the same total amount in the cool season as during the warm season but is more frequent in spring than in fall. Most precipitation on Long Island is in the form of rain; only 5 to 10 percent falls as snow or sleet. Long-term precipitation in Suffolk County averages 43 in/yr, as determined from 30 years of records collected by the National Weather Service.

12

The precipitation regime of Long Island during 1951-65 was studied by Miller and Frederick (1969), who calculated the mean annual precipitation for the Pine Barrens area to be between 44 and 46 inches. This compares closely with the 43 in/yr for all of Suffolk County. The annual precipitation recorded at Upton (fig. 1) during 1943-82 had a maximum of 58.63 inches in 1972 and a minimum of 31.82 inches in 1965 (fig. 6A); the long-term average annual precipitation from 1943-82 is 46.32 inches. Mean monthly precipitation at Upton ranges from a low of 3.12 inches in June to a high of 4.60 in December (fig. 6B).

COLLJICJ

60

50

46.32

40

30

20

10

LLJ CC Q_

Average monthly

JFMAMJJASOND

Figure 6. Average annual and average monthly precip itation at Upton, Suffolk County, 1943-82,

13

Recharge and Discharge of Ground Water

Ground water in the Pine Barrens is recharged by infiltration of precipitation through the surficial deposits to the water table. The quantity of water that reaches the water table varies throughout the year. Several factors control the amount of recharge; these include variations in precipitation, the stratigraphy and soil characteristics of the area, and the rate of evapotranspiration (the natural loss of water through both evaporation and transpiration by plants).

Evapotranspiration was not measured directly in this study; therefore, all calculations must be considered estimates. An accepted estimate of annual evapotranspiration on Long Island is 23.2 inches, as calculated by Bart and others (1976, p. E24) from the Thornthwaite water-balance calculations for mean weather data. Average values for precipitation, evapotranspiration, and overland runoff can be used in equation 1 to calculate average recharge:

Recharge = precipitation - (evapotranspiration + overland runoff) (1)

From an average annual precipitation value of 46.3 inches, an estimated average annual evapotranspiration rate of 23.2 inches, and an average overland runoff value of 0.5 inches, recharge becomes:

Recharge = 46.3 - (23.2 + 0.5) = 22.6 in/yr

This value of 22.6 in/yr should be considered only as a rough approximation, however, because rates of recharge, precipitation, evapotranspiration, and other factors may vary considerably from place to place and with time.

Ground water is discharged naturally as seepage to streams along both the north and south shores of the study area and also into the Carmans and Peconic River basins (fig. 2). Ground water also discharges directly into the bays along the shore. This is apparent along the south shore, where the potentiometric heads in the Magothy aquifer (well S32359) are greater than or equal to the potentiometric heads in the upper glacial aquifer (well S33919), as shown by the water-level maps in figure 8 (p. 20) and 9 (p. 22).

Flow Subsystems and Recharge Zones

Under natural conditions, the only source of water to the Long Island ground-water system is recharge from precipitation. Approximately half the precipitation that reaches the land surface infiltrates and enters the ground- water system at the water table. Some of this water flows in a shallow flow subsystem and discharges to streams or lakes. Water that enters the system near the shore flows through the upper glacial aquifer and discharges to the sea; water that enters the system further inland flows down to the deeper aquifers. Water near the major ground-water divide (fig. 7, p. 16), flows downward to the Lloyd aquifer.

14

Overlying the deep flow system on each side of the major ground-water divide is a series of shallow subsystems, each of which converges laterally toward a stream and eventually discharges to the bays and ocean.

The recharge zone for the deep subsystem is an area in which water entering the ground-water system flows down into the deep aquifers (Magothy and Lloyd aquifers). Knowledge of the location and extent of these areas is needed by managers responsible for water development because the deep aquifers are considered potential sources of potable water for Suffolk County. Proper management of development in such areas is essential to prevent human-induced contamination from reaching these deep aquifers and to thereby maintain potable water supplies in the Pine Barrens.

The exact locations of the deep recharge zones in the Pine Barrens are unknown but can be inferred to a degree from the flow patterns within the shallow-flow subsystems. The boundary separating the deep regional flow system from the shallow systems intersects land surface in an east-west- trending line somewhere seaward of the major ground-water divide but north of the start of streamflow (start-of-flow point), as shown in figure 7. A transition zone separates the deep and shallow flow systems, but to locate it accurately would require detailed data on the three-dimensional distribution of heads and seasonal variations in head in the ground-water system. An approximate delineation of this transition zone based on the start-of-flow points of each stream in the area is shown in figure 7. The position and configuration of this transition zone changes as the ground-water system responds to seasonal and induced stresses.

The ground-water-contributing area around the upper reaches of the Peconic River is difficult to delineate because this area has poor drainage and many small ponds and swamps, and thus contributes little base flow to the Peconic River. Discharge in the upper reaches averaged 3 ft-Vs; that in the downstream reaches averages 30 ft-Vs (Warren and others, 1968). It is therefore probable that the main ground-water contributing area is around the downstream reaches of the Peconic River.

Ground-Water Levels

Long Island's major ground-water divide, which traverses the island from west to east, passes through the Pine Barrens and splits near Riverhead into a north branch extending into the north fork and a south branch extending into the south fork (fig. 9, p. 20). Ground water north of the divide moves northward to Long Island Sound, and ground water south of the divide moves southward to Great South Bay and Moriches Bay, either directly or by way of streams. In general, ground water from the area between the two branches of the divide moves eastward to the Peconic River and Peconic Bay. This divide is not stationary but moves north or south as the water-table configuration changes. These changes occur seasonally and also during periods of recharge or drought. Seasonal fluctuations in water levels at the divide are usually less than 5 ft.

15

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Base from U.S. Geological Survey Topographic maps, 1:24,000 scale Figure ?. Approximate areas of shallow and

16

45' 40' 35'

WATER-TABLE-RECHARGE AREA-Recharge entering shallow ground-water subsystem discharges to streams

TRANSITION ZONE Recharge goes either to deep aquifers or to shallow subsystem. Size of transition zone varies with ground-water levels

APPROXIMATE POINT OF START OF FLOW-Shifts north or south in response to changing ground-water levels

72° 30' 41° 00'

MAJOR GROUND-WATER DIVIDE


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Hydrology by Richard K. Krulikas, 1983

ground-water flow subsystems,

17

Water table* Water-level measurements were made in 112 observation wells during June 1983 (see table 8, at end of report) and were used to prepare a water-table map of the Pine Barrens (fig. 9). The water-table altitude reaches a maximum of 55 ft above sea level in the northwest part of the Pine Barrens and decreases to 5 ft in the eastern part. The lower water-table altitude in the east is a result of ground-water discharge into the Peconic River basin and Shinnecock Bay.

The U.S. Geological Survey has monitored water levels in several observation wells in the Pine Barrens since the early 1940 f s. Figure 8 depicts 1958-82 hydrographs for four of the wells. The water levels coincide in terms of periodicity of water-level fluctuations but differ in magnitude of change.

Magothy aquifer. Water levels in the Magothy aquifer were measured at five wells in June 1983; these data were used to prepare a potentiometric- surface map of the Magothy aquifer (fig. 10). (The potentiometric surface represents the static head, which is defined by the levels to which water would rise in a tightly cased well screened at a specific depth.) The potentiometric-surface altitude of the Magothy aquifer reaches a maximum of about 47 ft above sea level in the western part of the study area and decreases to zero eastward as it approaches the shore. Where data are lacking,'the contours are inferred.

Surface Water

One of the 11 streams within the Pine Barrens flows northward into Peconic Bay; the other 10 flow southward into Moriches Bay or Shinnecock Bay (fig. 2). The area also contains several natural lakes and ponds; many are kettleholes that intersect the water table, and some are perched. In addition, several ponds have been created behind small dams on some tributaries.

Stream-discharge measurements are made periodically at 17 sites in the area under base-flow conditions as a measure of ground-water seepage to the streams. The locations of these sites are shown in figure 2; the discharge measurements for fall 1982 and spring 1983 are given in table 9 (at end of report). The U.S. Geological Survey maintains continuous gaging stations on the Peconic and Carmans Rivers. Daily discharges at these sites from 1942 to the present are available at the U.S. Geological Survey's Long Island office in Syosset.

18

22

20

18

16

42

44

46

48

45

43

41

39

ULJ U_

-34

ULJ

Dj32_icr ULJ530

28

26

70 £LO OT

74 wQZ

76 <

So78ULJCO

ULJ105'

107

109,rULJ

111

113

12

W

8

6

21

23

25

271960 65 70 75 80 1984

Figure 8. Long-term (1958-82) hydrographs for wells S3543, S5517, S6411, and S8835. (Locations are shown in fig. 2.)

19

55 50'

Grummaii A i rpcrt Pecpnic River ^ Plant

/Brookhaven

National Laboratory Upton

Base from U.S. Geological Survey Topographic maps, 1:24, 000 scale

Figure 9 Water-table altitude in the

20

45' -40' 35'

, 36 OBSERVATI ON WELL-- Number i s a I ti tude of water level, in feet above sea level

0 WATER-TABLE CONTOUR-Shows altitude of water table. Contour interval 5 feet. Datum is sea level

72° 30' 41° 00'


0

0 1

11 2

2 SMILES

3 KILOMETERS 40°AC<

55'

50'

Pine Barrens, September 1983.

21

50'

Brurnmaft A i rport Peconic River

Plant

Ridgeij

1 Brookhaven ^National Laboratory

V.&1, Upton"

Base from U.S. Geological Survey Topographic maps, 1:24,000 scale

Figure 10. Potentiometric surface of Magothy aquifer

22

45' 40' 35'

^34894 OBSERVATION WELL- Screened inMagothy aquifer. 9 47 Upper number assigned by New York State Department

of Environmental Conservation (prefix S is omitted);lower number is altitude of water, in feet above sealevel

40 POTENTIOMETRIC CONTOUR-- Shows altitude of water level in tightly cased wells. Contour interval 10feet. Datum is sea level


72° 30' 41° 00'

RIVERHEAD

ATL

01 0

11 2

2 SMILES

3 KILOMETERS

55'

50'

40°

in the Pine Barrens, September, 1983,

23

WATER QUALITY

The chemical quality of water determines the purposes for which the water may be used, such as for drinking, agriculture, or industry. The chemical composition of the water is determined by the type and solubility of material with which the water comes in contact, the duration of contact, the chemical quality of precipitation and the air through which it falls, the water temperature and pressure, and the composition of surface-derived substances such as domestic wastes, fertilizers, and industrial discharges.

Public-Supply Wells

Chemical analyses of water from public-supply wells sampled by the Suffolk County Department of Health Services in 1980 revealed that no wells within the Pine Barrens exceeded the drinking-water standard of 10 mg/L for nitrate-nitrogen nor the 50-yg/L guideline for any single volatile organic compound, as set by the U.S. Public Health Service (U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, 1962, p. 7).

Observation Wells

The upper glacial aquifer underlying the Pine Barrens has been monitored by the Suffolk County Department of Health Services for several years at 40 observation wells that are part of the observation-well network within Suffolk County (fig. 2). Observation wells are installed by the Suffolk County Department of Health Services to monitor a variety of conditions, including ground-water levels, ambient water quality, presence of cesspool or sewage- treatment-plant effluent, and also for special studies relating to such aspects as streamflow augmentation, landfill leachate, and fuel spills.

A survey of the computer files of the Suffolk County Department of Health Services, which include 1973-83 data on 40 wells, indicated that four of the wells had nitrate-nitrogen concentrations exceeding the 10.0-mg/L limit set by the U.S. Public Health Service (U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, 1962, p. 7.) (See table 10, at end of report). Water from two wells exceeded the 50-yg/L guideline for volatile organic chemicals. One of the wells, S45724, is a sewage-treatment-plant monitoring well at Smith Road in Ridge (fig. 11); when sampled on October 18, 1980, it contained 330 Ug/L of chloroform (trichloromethane). The other well, S51591, south of the Navy Industrial Aircraft Facility in Calverton, was sampled on October 29, 1980, and found to contain 120 yg/L of 1,1,1-trichloromethane.

Private Wells

Data from the Suffolk County Department of Health Services on private wells in the Pine Barrens area from January 1978 through March 1981 revealed 13 wells having nitrate-nitrogen concentrations in excess of 10 mg/L and six wells with volatile organic chemical concentrations in excess of the 50-yg/L guideline for any single constituent. (Locations of these 19 wells are shown in fig. 11.) The locations, dates, and concentrations at which these contaminants were detected are summarized in table 2.

24

A special sampling survey by Suffolk County Department of Health Services for radioactive contamination in private wells was done at the area southeast of Brookhaven National Laboratory. One sample from a private well had 4,100 pci/L of tritium and 0.55 pci/L of strontium 90.

Table 2.--Nitrate-nitrogen concentrations greater than 10 mg/L, and volatile organic chemical concentrations greater than 50 Vg/L in water samples from selected wells in the Pine Barrens, 1978-82.

[Well locations are shown in fig. 11]

A. NITRATE-NITROGEN

Location DateConcentration

(mg/L)

1.2.3.4.5.6.7.8.9.

10.11.12.13.

Main Street, YaphankTarkill Road, RidgeNesaquake Terrace, RidgeToppings Path, CalvertonLakeside Trail, RidgeWauwepex Trail, RidgeCorchaug Trail, RidgeRidge Post Office, RidgeWading River Road, ManorvilleSilas Charter Road, ManorvilleMoriches-Yaphank Road, ManorvilleOrchard Street, ManorvilleSouth Manor School, South St., Manorville

4-28-803- 3-806-27-788-21-793-10-816-21-826-21-826-21-823- 4-819-14-823- 9-826-24-821-13-82

13.813.614.213.614.011.410.814.216.015.020.010.010.0

B. ORGANIC COMPOUNDSConcentration

Location

Route 25, Ridge

Panamoka Trail, LakePanamoka

Ruth Lane, Ridge

Rustic Road, YaphankRandall Road, RidgeRyerson Ave., Manorville

Date

10- 9-7910- 9-7910- 9-799-10-79

7-22-80

10- 2-7910-25-8210-21-8110-21-8110-21-8110-21-8110-21-81

Name

Carbon tetrachlorideTrichloroethylene1,1, 1-Trichloroethane1,1, 1-Trichloroethane

0-XyleneBenzene*BenzeneChloroformBenzeneTolueneXyleneEthylbenzene1,2, 4-Trimethylbenzene

(yg/L)

32332221382

45441726912212

2305245

* New York State Department of Health guideline for benzene is 5 yg/L. Guideline for all other volatile organic chemicals listed is 50yg/L.

Data from Suffolk County Department of Health Services.

25

.« Grumman Ai rport Peconic River

Plant

BroOkhaven Nationat Laboratory

V Upton

Base from U.S. Geological Survey Topographic maps, 1:24,000 scale Figure 11. Locations of observation wells and

than 10 mg/L and volatile organic

26

45' 40' 35' 72° 30' 41° 00'

120 PRIVATE WELL HAVING NITRATE CONCENTRATION GREATER THAN 10MG/L Number indicates concentration

,213 PRIVATE WELL HAVING ORGANIC-COMPOUNDCONCENTRATION GREATER THAN 50JUG/L--Number indicates concentration

RIVERHEAD


NOTE: Location and description of wel Is and concentrations are given in table 2

fflSSuffolk Air 'Force Base

55'

50'

oc

0 1

SMILES

3 KILOMETERS 40° U5 1

private wells having nitrate concentrations greater chemical concentrations greater than 50 Vg/L.

27

The residential area adjacent to Lake Panamoka in northern Ridge (fig. 11) is the only location within the Pine Barrens that shows localized nitrate-nitrogen contamination. Four wells in this area had a sample in excess of 10 mg/L N03~. The area surrounding Lake Panamoka is extensively developed, with housing on small lots and with septic tanks close to shallow private drinking-water wells. A private well on Panamoka Trail also had a sample containing 82 yg/L of 1,1,1-trichloroethane, and two other private wells nearby had 1,1,1-trichloroethane concentrations of 27 yg/L and 10 yg/L. These incidents of contamination have been attributed to chemical additives applied to a nearby cesspool that was failing.

The detection of 0-xylene (45 yg/L) and benzene (441 yg/L) in the well on Ruth Lane in Ridge (table 2) was attributed to a gasoline leak from a gas station on Route 25 north of this location. Further ground-water testing would be advisable because the Suffolk County Water Authority plans to develop a well field at Sally Lane, east of the contaminated private well (fig. 2).

Three agricultural areas within the Pine Barrens are currently being monitored for aldicarb and carbofuran contamination in private wells. The first is the Mount Sinai area, at the northwest corner of the study area; the second is at Calverton, near the Grumman Airport facility, and the third is in the south-central part of the area bordered by South Road, Wading River Road, Sunrise Highway, and Weeks Avenue (fig. 2).

Surface Water

Synthetic detergents (commonly referred to as methylene blue active substance or MBAS) in the streams and ground water have caused considerable concern in parts of Long Island (Perlmutter and others, 1964, p. 171) because their presence indicates contamination by septic-tank effluent or other wastewater. The U.S. Public Health Service has recommended that concentrations of synthetic detergents in water not exceed 0.5 mg/L. Samples have been taken at 13 streams in the area on a semiannual basis since about 1960; results of the last three samplings are given in table 3. None of the analyses show excessive amounts of synthetic detergents, and none of the streams contained concentrations higher than 0.24 mg/L.

Sewage-Treatment Plants

The Pine Barrens area contains 14 sewage-treatment plants; locations are shown in figure 12. Table 11 (at end of report) lists these plants and indicates the type of treatment, the design and average flow, the type of treatment process, the type of recharge and sludge facility, sludge-disposal quantity, and site locations. Six of these facilities provide denitrification, six provide secondary treatment, and two provide only primary treatment. Two of the plants have measured average flows between 1 and 1.5 Mgal/d; the rest are well below 1 Mgal/d. Twelve plants discharge their treated effluent to the ground through leaching pools or recharge beds, and two discharge it into the Peconic River.

28

Table 3. Concentrations of detergents (MBAS) in selected streams in the Pine Barrens 3 1982-83. 1

[All values are In mg/L; locations are shown in fig. 2]

MBAS concentrationStream station

Carmans River

Carmans RiverWest BranchForge River

East BranchForge River

Terrell River

Peconic River

Peconic River

Little SeatuckCreekSeatuck Creek

East River

Beaverdam Creek

As pa tuck Creek

Quantuck Creek

Location

Bartlett Road,YaphankGage site, YaphankMontauk Highway,Moriches

Montauk Highway,MorichesMontauk Highway,MorichesSchultz Road,ManorvilleGage site,RiverheadMontauk Highway,Eastport

Montauk Highway,EastportMontauk Highway,Eastport

Montauk Highway,WesthamptonBrook Road,WesthamptonMeetinghouse Road,Quogue

4-14-82

<0.02

< .02< .02

< .02

< .02

< .02

< .02

< .02

< .02

< .02

< .02

< .02

< .02

10-13-82

<0.02

< .02< .02

< .02

< .02

< .02

< .02

.24

< .02

< .02

< .02

< .02

.18

7- 5-83

0.04

.15

.06

< .02

< .02

.07

.07

< .02

< .02

< .02

< .02

.13

< .02

Analyses by Suffolk County Water Authority.

The collection systems for all facilities consist of separate sanitary sewers; two are municipal facilities, and the remaining 12 treatment plants are owned and operated privately (table 11). The County is making an effort to acquire facilities 111 and 115 (table 11) but does not plan to acquire any other private facilities in the area. However, sewer-agency contracts for owners of facilities serving condominiums and subdivisions (in this case treatment plants 35, 70, 76, and 98) contain provisions to request County takeover if both the owner and County so desire.

State Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (SPDES) requirements for effluent have been revised; two major modifications are as follows:

1. Fecal coliform and chlorine limits will be eliminated for facilities that discharge effluent into subsurface leaching pools.

2. After August 31, 1982, all plants that discharge to ground water without denitrification must be upgraded to meet a total nitrogen limit of 10 mg/L.

29

50'

Brookhaven National Latoratory

Base from U.S. Geological Survey Topographic maps, 1:24,000 scale Figure 12. Location of point-source

30

45' 40' 35'

RIVERHEAD

SEWAGE-TREATMENT PLANT- Ground-water discharge

A SEWAGE-TREATMENT PLANT- Surface-water discharge

O COMMERCIAL LAUNDRY- Ground-water discharge

0 DUCK FARM-- Surface-water discharge

A INDUSTRIALWASTEWATER- Ground-water discharge

12 INDUSTRIALWASTEWATER- Surface-waterdischarge

A INDUSTRY THAT HOLDS OR HAULS WASTEWATER

HAZARDOUS SPILL OR LEAK-Ground water

ROAD-SALT STORAGE SITES

LANDFILL-Active

LANDFILL-Closed

JUNKYARD


61 Number corresponds to Suffolk County Department of Health Services Master List. See tables 4,5,11, and 12 for locations and descripitions

72° 30' 41° 00'

LJs

SOUTHAMPTON Suffotk Air 171 Force Bas

BAY

01 0

11 2

2 SMILES

3 KILOMETERS I - '

40AK

55'

50'

contamination in Pine Barrens

31

Surveillance reports indicate that 10 of the 14 facilities are attaining their effluent requirements for a permit. An assessment survey by the Suffolk County Department of Health Services in 1980 found that, in general, the major causes of the failures to meet effluent limits were inadequate operation and maintenance procedures rather than improper design or construction. As a result of these findings, owners have been advised of the necessary corrective actions and been given a compliance schedule.

Several of the facilities have had long-term operating problems and(or) require upgrading to meet the revised nitrogen standard. Malfunction of process equipment and failing ponding facilities are the two most common serious difficulties.

Samples from 10 of the 14 treatment plants in the area were within the limits of 30 mg/L (daily average) for suspended solids and 10 TJg/L for total nitrogen. Samples from the remaining four plants exceeded the limits as a result of mechanical difficulties. The results are based on four samples taken by the Suffolk County Department of Health Services.

Areas of Point-Source Contamination

The Suffolk County Department of Health Services has reported ground- water contamination from point sources in some areas. Locations, chemical type, and approximate volume are given in table 12 (at end of report). Plans for remedial action have not yet been disclosed.

Several other commercial and industrial sources may also contribute chemical pollutants to the area; locations of industrial discharges, commercial laundries, junkyards, road-salt storage sites, duck farms, landfills, and industries that haul or hold wastewater are shown in figure 12 with the locations of documented point sources in the Pine Barrens. Data on the industrial sources and discharges are given in tables 4 and 5.

Table 4. Industries that hold or haul wastewater in the Pine Barrens.

[Locations are shown in fig. 12]

No. SPDES No. 1 Type ~

2 NY-0136824 Photographic and printing3 None Waste oils4 None Waste oil and fluid7 None Photographic8 None Copper chromate and arsenate used9 None Pesticide storage

10 None 1) Sulfuric acid2) Dry radioactive waste3) Solvents stored and used

______________________4) Waste oils______________________

1 State Pollutant Discharge Elimination System Permit number. No wastewater discharges allowed.

32

Table 5. Industrial wastewater discharges in the Pine Barrens.

[NR, not reported; GW, ground water. Locations are shown in fig. 12; data from Suffolk County Department of Health Services]

No.

1

23567

8

SPDES No. 1 Type of industry

NY-0025453 Aircraft assembly,metal finishing

In Process PharmaceuticalsNY-0098779 Duck vaccines

None Pipe manufacturingNone Metal etchingNone PC board etch and

degreasing, acidrain manufacturing

Paint and thinnersMetal etching andsilk screening

Acid waste andsolvents

Liquid hydrogen,liguid deuterium,wash waterSteam cleaning andquench water

Backwash water(high iron)

NY-0101567 Photographic rinsewater

Process water flow (gal/d)

1,500

1,500<100NR<100NR

NRNR

NR

NR

NR

NR

Unknown

Days of discharge per week

5

5555

NR

NRNR

NR

NR

NR

NR

5

Discharged to:

Surface watervia sewage-treatment

plantGWGWGWGWGW

GWGW

GW

GW

GW

GW

Surface watervia sewage-treatment

plant

State Pollutant Discharge Elimination System Permit number

33

WATER USE AND PUMPAGE

Ground water is the only source of water supply for Nassau and Suffolk Counties. A majority of the water in the Pine Barrens is obtained from the upper glacial (water-table) aquifer; the rest is obtained from the Magothy and Lloyd (deep) aquifers. At present, Suffolk County Water Authority supplies the majority of the water in the area; the rest is supplied by several smaller companies.

Total public water-supply withdrawal in the area in 1982 is estimated to have been 9.09 Mgal/d. In 1982, 7.88 Mgal/d was withdrawn from the upper glacial aquifer; 1.02 Mgal/d was withdrawn from the Magothy aquifer, and 0.19 Mgal/d from the Lloyd aquifer.

Ground water is also used for irrigation. Pumpage for farm and golf course irrigation is unknown but is estimated to be less than 0.5 Mgal/d, solely from the upper glacial aquifer.

The upper glacial and Magothy aquifers are capable of producing considerably more water than is currently being withdrawn; use of the Lloyd aquifer is legally restricted. The upper glacial aquifer is the most readily available source, but if it should prove inadequate for a particular need, wells could be drilled to the underlying Magothy in the central part of the Pine Barrens. Withdrawal from the Lloyd aquifer is restricted by New York State legislation to the south-shore barrier islands and to other areas with specific supply problems. Brookhaven National Laboratories is one agency that has permission to pump from the Lloyd aquifer.

Public Water Supply

The Pine Barrens area contains 31 public-supply wells. The Suffolk County Water Authority, which is the major public water supplier within the area, operates 15 wells in six well fields within the Pine Barrens. Well-field locations and pumpage data are given in table 6.

In addition to these sites, the Suffolk County Water Authority plans to develop well fields at four new sites, three of which are Longwood Road, Sally Lane, and Railroad Avenue (fig. 2); the fourth is at Evergreen Avenue within the Westhampton Beach District service area.

Shorewood Water Company, which extends into the study area, operates two wells from its well field at Bridgewater Drive. Calverton Hills Association in Calverton and Ridge Rest Home on Whiskey Road in Ridge both operate their own we1Is.

Eastern Suffolk Water Corporation services residents along the western border of the study area, but its well field is west of the study-area boundary (fig. 2). Riverside Water District, which is south of Riverhead Town, also has its service area within the Pine Barrens study area but purchases its water supply from the Riverhead Water District, which is outside the study area boundary.

34

Table 6.--Estimated public-supply withdrawals by Suffolk County WaterAuthority and private well companies in the Pine Barrens, 1982,

[Locations are shown in fig. 2; data from Suffolk County Water Authority and New York State Department of Environmental Conservation; dashes indicate data unavailable]

Location

Bailey Road

William Floyd Parkway

Country Club Drive

Moriches-River- head Road

Spinny Road

Bridgewater Drive 2

Calverton Hills 2

Ridge Rest Home 2

Old Country Road

Well number

and aquifer*

36711 (G) 40161 (G) 49606 (M)

47436 (G) 47437 (G) 47438 (M)

56038 (G) 56039 (G)

53522 (G) 53851 (M)

23184 (G) 53593 (G)

37991 (G) 65341 (G)

47281 (G) 47282 (G)

(G)

16892 (G) 16893 (G) 65905 (G)

Total pumpage, by well field, in Mgal

Depth (ft)

137 143 389

167 179 269

158 163

242 297

118 162

146 146

275 283

230

70 76

161

Design capacity Average (gal/min) Annual daily

1,700 1,700 153 0.42 1,200

1,700 1,700 19.7 .05 1,400

1,900 1,900 64 - 8 -18

300 1,400 7 ' 2 '° 2

2,000 2,000 179-3 .49

2,100 2,100 228.3 .63

1,080 1,080 19 ' 3 .05

20 2.5 .007

1,700 1,700 144.5 .40 1,700

Peak daily

1.08

.09

.30

.05

.93

1.11

1 G, upper glacial aquifer; M, Magothy aquifer,2 Private well companies that supply water.

Brookhaven National Laboratory Water Supply

The major user of water in the Pine Barrens is Brookhaven National Laboratory, with an average annual pumpage of 2.4 billion gallons. The 14 wells on the property of Brookhaven National Laboratory are used for a variety of purposes ranging from cooling, which is the major use, to drinking water. Pumpage and other data on these wells are given in table 7.

35

Table 7. Estimated public-supply withdrawals by Brookhaven National Laboratory, 1982.

[Locations are shown in fig. 2; data from New York State Department of Environmental Conservation]

Well number

SSSSS

SSSSS

SSSS

24763197178362215122150

1594915950159511497718703

643466944669772038

Depth (ft)

101135147151150

119110102298145

1,392140102

Aquifer

UpperUpperUpperUpperUpper

UpperUpperUpper

GlacialGlacialGlacialGlacialGlacial

GlacialGlacialGlacial

MagothyUpper

LloydUpperUpper

Glacial

GlacialGlacial

Design capacity (gal/min)

111

111

1

1

500500,200,200,200

825950,000,200,300

450,200700,200

Yearly total (Mgal)

634066

223618

not in298232172210

not in74

214161

.1

.1

.1

.6

.9

service.5.0.4.8

service.8.5.9

Total yearly pumpage = +2.4 billion gallons.

SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS

Ground water is the sole source of water supply for central and eastern Long Island. Increasing urbanization and industrialization have altered the quality of water in parts of the aquifers to the extent that some of the water has become impotable. One area of Long Island that has been proposed as a source of high-quality ground water is a part of Long Island's Pine Barrens in southeastern Suffolk County. The usefulness of this water source depends upon the amount of precipitation, the rate of recharge, and the chemical quality of the ground water.

The basement of the Pine Barrens area is Precambrian bedrock overlain by Cretaceous, Pleistocene, and Holocene deposits that contain three distinguishable aquifers. The surficial material consists of morainal and outwash deposits overlain by recent beach and marsh deposits.

Precipitation is the only source of recharge to the island's ground-water system. Of the average annual precipitation of 46.3 inches, about 22.6 in/yr reaches the ground-water reservoir. Overland runoff is estimated to be about 0.5 in/yr, and average annual evapotranspiration is estimated to be 23.2 in/yr.

36

The three aquifers that underlie the Pine Barrens in Suffolk County are capable of producing more than the current 9.09 Mgal/d withdrawal. Both the upper glacial and Magothy aquifers are readily available sources for supplying additional needs. At present, it is unlikely that the Lloyd aquifer would be needed as a source of ground water except in special cases.

Ground water in the Pine Barrens is generally of a quality suitable for drinking and most other uses, except locally where point-source contamination has occurred.

REFERENCES CITED

Bart, Jeffrey, and others, 1976, Preliminary hydrologic investigations of the south fork of Long Island: Princeton, N.J., Princeton University Water Resources Program WRP-76-1, p. A1-G36.

Cohen, Philip, Franke, 0. L., and Foxworthy, B. L., 1968, An atlas of Long Island's water resources: New York State Water Resources Commission Bulletin 62, 117 p.

Cohen, Philip, Franke, 0. L., and McClymonds, N. E., 1969, Hydrologic effects of the 1962-66 drought on Long Island, New York: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Supply Paper 1879-F, p. F1-F18.

Fuller, M. L., 1914, The geology of Long Island, New York: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 82, 231 p.

Donaldson, C. D., and Koszalka, E. J., 1982a, Potentiometric surface of the Magothy aquifer, Long Island, New York, in March 1979: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 82-160, 2 sheets.

__________ 1982b, Potentiometric surface of the Lloyd aquifer, Long Island,New York, in January 1979: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 82-162, 2 sheets.

__________ 1982c, Water table on Long Island, New York, March 1979: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 82-163, 2 sheets.

Holzmacher, McLendon, and Murrell, 1968, Comprehensive public water supplystudy, Suffolk County, New York: Melville, N.Y., Holzmacher, McLendon, and Murrell, CPWS-24, 3 v.

Jensen, H. M., and Soren, Julian, 1974, Hydrogeology of Suffolk County, Long Island, New York: U.S. Geological Survey Hydrologic Investigation Atlas HA-501, 2 sheets.

Long Island Lighting Company: Population Survey 1981, Current population estimates for Nassau and Suffolk Counties, New York, 46 p.

37

REFERENCES CITED (continued)

Miller, J. F., and Frederick, R. H., 1969, The precipitation regime of LongIsland, New York: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 627-A, 21 p.

Nakao, J. H., and Erlichman, F. R., 1978, The water table on Long Island, New York, in March 1975: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 78-569, 10 p.

Perlmutter, N. M., Lieber, Maxim, and Frauenthal, H. L., 1964, Contamination of ground water by detergents in a suburban environment - South Farmingdale area, Long Island, New York: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 501-C, p. 170-175.

Prince, K. R., 1976, The potentiometric surface of the Magothy aquifer on Long Island, New York, in March 1975: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 76-536, 12 p.

Suter, Russell, deLaguna, Wallace, and Perlmutter, N. M., 1949, Mapping of geologic formations and aquifers of Long Island, New York: New York State Water Power and Control Commission Bulletin GW-18, 212 p.

U.S. Geological Survey, Water resources data for New York, Volume 2 Long Island: U.S. Geological Survey water-data report (issued annually).

U.S. Public Health Service, 1962, Drinking water standards: U.S. Public Health Service Publication 956, 61 p.

Warren, M. A., deLaguna, Wallace, and Lusczynski, N. J., 1968, Hydrology of Brookhaven National Laboratory and vicinity, Suffolk County, New York: U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 1156-C, 127 p., 10 pi.

38

Tables 8 through 12

Page

Table 8. Water levels in wells in the Pine Barrens, September 1983. . 40

9. Discharge of selected streams in the Pine Barrens,1982-83. .......................... 42

10. Concentrations of nitrate-nitrogen in water from selected Suffolk County Department of Health Services observation wells in the Pine Barrens, 1972-83 ............. 44

11. Sewage-treatment plants in the Pine Barrens. ........ 50

12. Documented point sources of ground-water contaminants inthe Pine Barrens ...................... 52

39

Table 8. Water levels in wells in the Pine Barrens 3 September 1983.

[All water levels are in feet above sea level]

Local well- identification

number *

S2485S3539S3543S4523S5517S6410S6411S6413S6431S6441S6443S6455*S8835S9129S9130S26780S30230S32359*S33919S34272*S34742S34743*S 34892S34894*S36013S36146S36147S36149S36150S36152S36153S36295S40852S40853S46532

S46533S46534S46535S46536S46537S46539S46540S46541S46542S46544S46545S46546S46913S46914S46966S47225S47226S47227S47228S47229S47230S47232S47745S47748

Latitude/Longitude2

405109405121405037405607405149405520405650405308405222405210405347405223405310404915404830405716405120404908404908405713405038405038405517405517405505405551405259405542405117405010405715405710405655405608405147

405302405231405144405324405130405222405021405353405302405120405330405131404919404918404952405218405240405240405306405306405417405248405417405638

07251300724156072390307239350725322072540507254150725531072533307244250724940072523407232300725318072530407250570723537072473007247300724713072414707241470725749072574907243220725016072465607246290724903072443507241320724713072564207256290723050

072313507234190723337072352207235320723707072355907240380724251072432507245380724557072484507248450724705072561107249140724914072482707248270724023072332707257270725147

Owner-*

BNLusesusesusesBNLusesusesusesusesusesusesBNLusesusesusesusesSCWASCWASCWASCWASCWASCWASCWASCWASCDHSusesusesusesusesusesSCDHSSCWAusesusesuses

usesusesusesusesusesusesusesusesusesusesusesusesSCDHSSCDHSSCDHSSCDHSSCDHSSCDHSSCDHSSCDHSSCDHSSCDHSSCDHSSCDHS

Highest water level recorded during studyDate

5-11-836-29-836-29-835-11-839-15-836-29-839-14-835-10-835-11-836-29-835-10-836-15-835-11-836-29-836-30-839-14-836-30-836-30-836-30-836-29-836-29-836-29-836-15-836-29-835-11-836-29-835-10-836-29-835-10-835-10-831-19-839-14-839-14-839-14-835-11-83

6-30-835-11-835-11-835-11-836-30-839-14-835-10-835-11-836-29-839-14-839-14-839-14-835-13-835-13-836-29-835-10-836-29-835-10-835-10-835-10-835-11-835-11-835-10-839-14-83

Level

38.4926.0820.1410.5341.1445.6432.5551.5446.7538.2348.5540.3910.6215.1611.1419.5613.3126.0522.4522.6423.2620.2449.2846.8112.8636.9638.0730.7637.7322.0619.0421.2732.8840.915.81

8.3412.759.7113.9513.6918.3811.6018.6126.5428.1441.8930.8625.1724.8326.5648.0040.4738.5437.6936.3513.5411.1955.0028.90

Lowest water level recorded during studyDate

12- 9-8212-29-8212- 8-8212-29-8212- 9-8212- 8-829- 8-82

10- 6-8212- 9-8210- 6-8212- 8-821-12-83

12- 9-8211-23-821-18-831-20-831-19-83

12- 8-8212- 8-8212-29-821-19-831-19-833-17-833-17-831-19-83

12- 8-823-17-833-18-831-12-831-20-833-18-833-17-833-17-833-1 7-831-17-83

1-19-831-19-831-19-83

12- 9-821-19-831-17-83

12- 9-8212 -8-823-28-833-18-833-17-833-18-83

12- 8-8212- 8-8212- 8-8212- 8-8210- 6-8210 -6-8210- 6-8210- 6-829-15-83

12- 9-8210- 8-8210- 8-82

Level

35.3520.1917.428.66

38.3443.4430.6149.2742.2536.4740.8437.677.67

14.1810.0218.9011.2223.3019.4721.2719.6817.2445.5543.629.28

33.6833.3727.5532.6319.2915.0120.0230.8137.922.41

5.8210.506.4510.9411.1015.227.65

16.4424.6925.5736.1827.9921.5921.4323.5246.4836.7036.7135.6335.0012.898.21

54.2727.53

Sept. 1983 water level

Date

9-15-839-14-839-14-839-15-839-15-839-14-839-14-839-14-839-1 5-839-14-839-14-839-21-839-15-839-14-839-14-839-14-839-1 5-839-14-839-14-839-14-839-14-839-14-839-14-839-14-839-14-839-14-839-14-839-14-839-14-839-14-839-1 5-839-14-839-14-839-14-839-15-83

9-15-839-15-839-15-839-15-839-15-839-14-839-14-839-1 5-839-14-839-14-839-14-839-14-839-14-839-14-839-14-839-14-839-14-839-14-839-14-839-14-839-1 5-839-1 5-839-14-839-14-83

Level

37.4125.8219.549.05

41.1445.2632.5550.8144.1836.9941.7639.269.4514.8610.9319.5612.7725.1721.4822.6022.5519.9548.4846.6110.9836.2635.1030.3835.6721.0817.9521.2732.8840.913.61

7.5712.478.0512.0512.9018.388.8917.0926.2728.1441.8930.8623.7224.5525.8347.3237.1037.0235.8635.1712.899.36

54.6728.90

1 S, Suffolk County2 Should be read 40°51'09" 072°51'30"3 BNL, Brookhaven National Laboratory; USGS, U.S. Geological Survey; SCWA, Suffolk County Water Authority;

SCDHS, Suffolk County Department of Health Services. * Magothy wells.

40

Table 8.--Uater levels in wells in the Pine Barrens, September 1983 (continued)[All water levels are in feet above sea level]

Local well- identification

number1 Latitude/Longitude2

S47749S47750S47753S47754S47755S47945S47977S48434S48435S48442S48581S48582S48583S48584S48946S51579S51583S51586S51590S51592S52383S52496S52551S52554S 54882S 54883S 54 884S 54886S62404S 65604S65855S65856S65857S66506S66849

S72176S72177S 73950S 74287S74289S74290S74291S74292S74293S74294S74295S74296S74297S74298S74299S 74300S 74301S 74 302S 74303S 74304S 74305S 74 306S74307S 74308

405338405004405407405407405136405648404711405227405051404941405308405225405139405139405121405542405500405642405418405349405542404944404944404948404642405051405418405243405033404936405351405425405430405245405449

404955405023404802405201405418405530405421405322405017405213405045405347405338405348405340405115405330405434405435405419405404405033405206405256

07253040725154072442607244260724645072555107251500723523072353107241480723222072371007238500723850072490607246300724952072491907247060724941072445307237310723809072372607252000725308072494407238180725600072483507253510725456072554707257370725256

072540607255480725213072544307251120724832072474507245410724950072481107247260723855072430507237050723406072370507245390724214072421407238120723202072402507240330723923

Owner3

SCDHSSCDHSSCDHSSCDHSSCDHSSCDHSSCDHSSCDHSSCDHSSCDHSSCDHSSCDHSSCDHSSCDHSSCDHSSCDHSSCDHSSCDHSSCDHSSCDHSSCDHSSCWASCWASCWAusesusesusesusesusesusesusesUS6Susesusesuses

usesUS6SusesusesusesusesusesusesUS6SusesusesusesUS6SusesusesUS6Susesusesusesusesusesusesusesuses

Highest water level recorded during studyDate

5-10-836-29-835-10-835-10-836-29-839-14-835-11-836-30-835-11-836-29-836-30-839-15-836-29-836-29-835-10-836-29-836-29-836-29-835-10-835-10-836-29-835-10-835-10-835-10-835-11-836-29-835-10-836-29-835-10-836-29-836-29-836-29-836-29-836-29-836-29-83

6-29-835-10-836-29-836-29-835-10-836-29-836-29-836-29-836-29-835-11-836-29-835-11-836-30-836-30-835-11-836-29-839-14-835-11-835-11-835-11-836-30-836-30-836-30-836-30-83

Level

52.3531.4527.0527.1833.7734.9013.7714.9312.4814.699.88

18.4421.8221.8237.1730.9446.1225.4635.8244.7826.338.0011.537.48

11.7936.7446.6219.9436.1925.9851.9451.7451.2555.0751.81

22.2633.6015.8547.2448.6340.9239.6139.7032.4539.3031.5016.9437.3216.6612.5917.4941.0221.4116.8510.4715.2420.0324.7422.29

Lowest water level recorded during studyDate

10- 8-829- 8-82

12- 8-8212- 8-8212- 8-825-10-831-23-83

12- 9-8212- 9-8212- 8-8212- 9-8212- 9-825-10-835-10-8312- 8-8212- 9-8212- 8-8210- 8-8212- 8-8212- 8-8212- 9-829-14-83

12- 8-829-14-831-18-833-29-831-20-831-17-839-14-83

12- 8-823-15-833-15-833-15-833-15-833-17-83

11-23-8211-22-8211-22-829-15-839-14-839-14-839-14-835-10-835-10-839-15-835-10-839-15-835-11-839-15-839-15-835-10-835-10-839-15-839-15-839-15-839-15-839-14-835-10-835-11-83

Level

48.4528.3924.2524.3731.1433.0010.0913.479.06

11.897.36

15.3119.2719.2933.4828.1943.0924.0133.6440.8023.045.248.524.887.13

32.2842.1117.2734.3422.6447.7647.7747.2050.0447.54

21.4732.5413.4246.3446.5340.1039.2838.7631.0436.2829.7514.3535.7915.648.6516.0838.9220.0514.618.4414.6219.2521.1921.69

Sept. 1983 water level

Date

9-14-839-14-839-14-839-14-839-14-839-14-839-14-839-15-839-15-839-14-839-15-839-15-839-14-839-14-839-14-839-14-839-14-839-14-839-14-839-14-839-14-839-14-839-14-839-14-839-14-839-14-839-14-839-15-839-14-839-14-839-14-839-14-839-14-839-14-839-14-83

9-14-839-14-839-14-839-15-839-14-839-14-839-14-839-14-839-14-839-1 5-839-14-839-15-839-15-839-15-839-15-839-14-839-14-839-15-839-15-839-15-839-15-839-14-839-15-839-15-83

Level

50.9230.7725.3925.5033.2634.9012.1614.9210.3013.398.7318.4421.7121.7735.4230.2744.9425.2934.6241.6825.345.249.384.889.47

36.4343.7419.7434.3425.1050.9050.9750.5753.9750.78

21.8332.8114.4946.3446.5340.1039.2838.8831.4336.2831.0014.3536.8015.648.6517.0241.0220.0514.618. 4414.6219.2523.7722.21

1 S, Suffolk County2 Should be read 40°51'09" 072°51'30"3 BNL, Brookhaven National Laboratory; USGS, U.S. Geological Survey; SCWA, Suffolk County Water Authority;

SCDHS, Suffolk County Department of Health Services. * Magothy wells.

41

Table 9. Discharge of selected streams in the Pine Barrens, 1982-83.[Locations are shown In fig. 2.]

Station number

01304400

01304510

01304530

01304560

01304745

01304760

01304780

01304800

01304820

Station name

Peconic River atManorville, N.Y.

Peconic River atNugent Drive, atRiverhead, N.Y.

Little River nearRiverhead, N.Y.

White Brook atRiverhead, N.Y.

Weesuck Creek atEast Quogue, N.Y.

Quantuck Creek atQuogue, N.Y.

Aspatuck Creek nearWesthampton Beach,N.Y.

Beaverdam Creek atWesthampton Beach,N.Y.

Speonk River atSpeonk, N.Y.

Location

Lat 40°52'38", long 72°49'42",Suffolk County at bridge onSchultz Road, 1 mi (2 km)northwest of Manorville, and8.5 mi (13.7 km) upstreamfrom gaging station atRiverhead.

Lat 40°55'03", long 72°40 I 11",Suffolk County at bridge onNugent Drive at Riverhead,and 1.4 mi (2.3 km) downstream from gaging stationat Riverhead.

Lat 40 053'52 M , long 72°40'30",Suffolk County, at WildwoodLake outlet, 500 ft (152 m)east of Moriches-RiverheadRoad, 1.5 mi (2.4 km) southwest of Riverhead.

Lat 40°54'40", long 72°38'37",Suffolk County, at culverton State Highway 24, 1 mi(2 km) southeast of River-head.

Lat 40 050'52", long 72°34'42",Suffolk County, at culverton State Highway 27A, 0.5 mi(0.8 km) northeast of EastQuogue.

Lat 40°49'57", long 72°37'06",Suffolk County, at culverton Old Meeting House Road,1 mi (2 km) northwest ofQuogue.

Lat 40°49'04, long 72°38'13",Suffolk County, at culverton Brook Road, atWesthampton Beach.

Lat 40°49'23", long 72°39'42",Suffolk County, at culverton Old County Road, 100 ft(30 km) northwest of StateHighway 27A and 1 mi (2 km)northwest of Westhampton.

Lat 40°49'06", long 72°41'29",Suffolk County, at culverton State Highway 27A, 0.75mi (1.21 km) east of Speonk.

Date

7-20-8210-28-829- 1-83

7-20-8210-28-829- 1-83

7-22-829- 8-8211-18-824- 7-838-30-83

7-22-829- 9-8211-18-824- 7-839- 1-83

7-26-829- 9-8212-27-824- 7-829- 1-83

7-26-829- 8-8212-27-824- 7-838-30-83

7-26-829- 8-8212-27-824- 7-838-30-83

7-22-829- 8-8212-27-824- 7-838-30-83

7-22-829- 8-8212-27-824- 7-838-30-83

Discharge (ft 3 /s)

1.802.902.41

26.0026.4041.20

4.104.156.484.902.97

0.880.890.443.764.61

0.930.880.301.491.81

1.401.121.872.211.07

1.701.240.963.111.07

2.101.141.232.451.58

0.060.060.751.660.59

42

Table 9. Discharge of selected streams in the Pine Barrens, 1982-83 (continued)

Station number

01304830

01304860

01304900

01304960

01304990

01304995

01304998

01305040

Station name

East River atEastport, N.Y.

Seatuck Creek atEastport, N.Y.

Little Seatuck Creekat Eastport, N.Y.

Forge River atMoriches, N.Y.

Carmans River atMiddle Island,N.Y.

Carmans River nearYaphank, N.Y.

Carmans River,below Lower Lakeat Yaphank, N.Y.

Carmans River atSouth Haven,N.Y.

Location

Lat 40°49 I 24", long 72°43 I 02",Suffolk County, 15 ft (5 m)upstream from culvert onLong Island Rainroad, 200 ft(60 km) south of StateHighway 27A, 0.5 mi (0.8 km)east of Eastport.

Lat 40°39'30", long 72°43'43",Suffolk County, 15 ft (5 m)downstream from culvert onState Highway 27A, atEastport.

Lat 40°49'12", long 72°44'23",Suffolk County, at culverton Moriches Blvd., 0.75 mi(1.21 km) southwest ofEastport.

Lat 40°48'22", long 72°50'00",Suffolk County, at culverton State Highway 27A, atMoriches.

Lat 40°51'47", long 72°56 I 35",Suffolk County, at culvert onEast Bartlett Road, 0.75 mi(1.21 km) south of MiddleIsland, and 3.0 mi (4.8 km)upstream from gaging stationat Yaphank.

Lat 40 0 50'29", long 72°56'13",Suffolk County, 25 ft downstream from Mill Road, 1.2mi (1.9 km) northwest ofYaphank, and 1.9 mi (3.1 km)upstream from gaging stationat Yaphank.

Lat 40°50'07", long 72 055 I 01",Suffolk County, at culvert onYaphank Avenue, at Yaphank,and 0.7 mi (1.1 km) upstreamfrom gaging station atYaphank.

Lat 40°48'09", long 72°53'09",Suffolk County, 50 ft (15 m)upstream from culvert onState Highway 27, at SouthHaven, and 2.6 mi (4.2 km)downstream from gaging stationat Yaphank.

Date

7-22-829- 8-8211-10-8212-27-828-30-83

7-22-829- 8-8211-10-825- 3-838-30-83

7-22-829- 8-8211-10-825- 3-838-30-83

7-22-829- 7-8211-10-829-15-83

7-30-829-14-8211- 8-825-11-839-14-83

7-30-829-14-8211- 8-825-11-839-14-83

7-30-829-14-8211- 8-829-14-83

7-30-829-14-8211- 8-829-14-83

Discharge (ft 3 /s)

0.761.000.511.131.96

2.202.402.058.912.26

0.751.001.197.043.32

4.602.903.176.11

1.700.840.394.842.10

11139.65

16.1211.90

15138.8

17

73606250

Reference: U.S. Geological Survey.

43

Table 10. Concentrations of nitrate-nitrogen in water from selected Suffolk County Department of Health Services observation wells in the Pine Barrens, 1972-82.

[Locations are shown in fig. 2.]

Well no. Date

45724 STP 12- 6-723-11-7510-18-7710-15-804-15-8210- 7-82

46966 10-28-7412-26-744-30-767-20-776- 5-791-24-805-29-807- 9-809-15-8012- 8-802-17-815- 4-817-15-819-21-8111-23-811- 6-823-16-825-12-827-13-8210-15-8211-18-82

47225 8-14-748-29-745-27-755-10-763- 1-782- 8-795-17-792-22-803- 5-807- 8-809-16-8012-17-805-13-816-30-819-28-81

Nitrate- nitrogen (mg/L) Well no.

1.40 472253.00 (cont'd)4.205.2010.906.60

.01

.03 47226

.02< .02

.03

.02

.06

.04

.04< .04< .02< .02< .04

.02< .02< .02

.02< .04 47227< .04< .20

.04

3.503.125.405.004.004.303.202.602.302.902.606.40 472287.407.508.30

Date

10-19-811-27-823-29-825-10-827-13-8210-15-8211-18-82

3-30-738- 9-745-30-755-12-7611-19-767-30-798-16-7910-19-792- 7-803-21-805- 4-827- 8-829-20-8212- 2-8212-13-82

3-29-738- 9-745-30-755-12-7611-19-767-30-798-16-7910- 9-792- 7-803-21-805- 4-827- 8-829-20-8212- 2-8212-13-82

8- 9-745-30-755-12-7611-19-76

Nitrate- nitrogen (mg/L)

9.308.206.306.706.207.206.20

.20< .01

.01< .02< .02

.02

.06< .02

.22< .02< .04< .04< .20< .40< .20

.05

.41< .01< .02< .02

.05

.03< .02

.06< .02< .40< .40< .20< .40< .20

< .01< .01< .02

.02

STP = Sewage-treatment plant44

Table 10. Concentrations of nitrate-nitrogen in water from selected Suffolk County Department of Health Services observation wells in the Pine Barrens, 1972-82 (continued)


Well no. Date

47228 1-25-79(cont'd) 6-19-79

8- 8-798-14-792- 7-803-25-808-11-809- 3-8010-29-801-27-813-31-815-26-8111- 5-811-26-824- 7-825- 4-826-17-827- 7-829-27-8211-29-82

47229 3-27-738- 9-745-30-755-12-7611-19-761-25-786-19-798- 8-792- 7-803- 5-803-25-808-11-809- 3-8010-29-801-27-813-31-815-26-8111- 5-811-26-824- 7-825- 4-826-17-827- 7-82


<0.02 47229.07 (cont'd).02

< .40 47230< .02< .02

.04< .04< .02< .02< .40

.05< .04

.04< .20< .04< .04< .04

.04< .20 47232

1.00.50

1.02.43.86.74.57.55

1.10.60

1.20.95 47488 STP.80.83 47745.90.80

1.403.20.79

1.201.201.10.90

Date

9-27-8211-29-82

3-28-738- 8-748-14-753-30-76

11- 5-767-25-775-10-794- 7-802-17-818-25-8111-19-815- 6-821-21-829-20-8212-16-82

8- 8-747- 7-7511-10-764-30-791-10-802-10-818-11-8111-23-815-11-827-14-829-14-8212-20-82

5-22-73

7- 6-738-14-7410- 3-745-19-755-10-761-26-795-17-792-25-807- 8-809-18-80


1.401.10

.80

.07

.01

.02

.11

.03

.05

.03

.10

.15

.40< .04< .02< .02< .40

< .01< .01< .02

.07

.05< .02

.09< .02< .40< .40< .20< .20

.30

4.701.71.91

4.106.601.70.93

3.003.601.50

45



Well no.

47745(cont'd)

47748

47749

Date

12-17-8012-29-803-24-815-18-816-30-819-28-813-29-825-10-827-14-829-30-8211-15-82

7- 9-7312-26-746- 3-7511- 4-767-13-771-11-788- 8-791-25-807-14-808-12-809-17-8012-16-805-11-817- 1-819-24-813-15-825-25-828- 9-821-17-83

5- 2-7310- 4-746- 3-755-11-767-13-776-20-791-25-806-17-807-14-808-12-809-17-80

12- 6-80


3.80 477495.00 (cont'd)11.009.905.504.30.71.60.90

2.704.90 47753

.15

.01

.02< .02< .02

.05

.05

.02< .40< .40< .40

.04

.03< .40< .40

.02< .04

.05< .20

2.903.404.805.103.903.001.90 477543.202.702.002.001.90

Date

3-23-815-11-819-24-8111- 5-813- 5-825- 5-827-13-829-30-8211-17-82

7-30-7312-26-746- 2-753-19-765-12-767-21-7710-24-776-20-798-15-791- 8-801-24-805-29-807- 9-809- 3-8010-29-8012- 8-803-23-813-31-815- 4-817- 7-819-22-811- 6-823-16-825- 4-827-12-829-29-8211-16-82

7-30-7312-26-746- 2-753-19-765-12-767-21-77


2.504.202.10.49

3.803.803.601.801.40

.02

.03

.78

.12

.07

.11

.07

.06

.07

.08

.08

.11

.10< .40

.11< .10

.12< .40

.14< .40

.08

.06

.04< .04< .04< .04

.08

.04

.01

.57

.34

.52

.05

STP = Sewage-treatment plant 46



Well no. Date

47754 10-24-77(cont'd) 6-20-79

8-15-791- 8-801-24-805-29-807- 9-809- 3-8010-29-8012- 8-803-23-803-31-815- 4-817- 7-819-22-811- 6-823-16-825- 4-827-12-829-29-8211-16-82

47755 6-13-7310- 3-746- 3-75

11- 4-767-26-777-26-776-19-791-24-805-29-806-16-807- 9-809- 8-8012- 8-805- 4-817- 7-819-22-813-16-825- 6-827-13-829-28-8211-16-82


0.14 48434.02.06.02

< .02.10

< .02< .40< .02< .40< .02< .40< .02< .04

.03 48435< .02

.05< .04< .04< .04< .02

.07

.16

.11

.20

.10 48436

.09

.13

.08

.06< .40

.06 48442< .40< .40

.12< .04

.08

.07< .40< .04< .04

.05 48583

Date

10-28-747- 7-75

11- 8-764-30-791-10-804- 8-802-10-818-11-8111-19-815-13-827-21-829-14-8212-20-83

10-28-747- 7-7511- 8-764-30-791-10-804- 8-802-10-817-30-819- 3-8111-19-818- 9-82

2-15-748-14-7511- 5-767-25-773-23-79

7- 7-7511- 5-767-25-775-10-794- 9-802-17-818-10-8111-23-818- 9-82

2-15-747- 7-75

Nitrate- nitrogen (mg/E)

0.32.14.25.33.36.43.17.15.40

< .40.20.50.40

2.302.902.302.401.202.102.803.904.203.803.00

.19

.01

.05

.23

.98

.08

.14

.05

.24

.36

.25

.17

.20< .40

.20

.03

47



Well no.

48583(cont'd)

48584

48946

48946

49269 STP

Date

11- 5-763-23-79

11-20-794- 7-802-11-818-10-8111-17-815-11-827-19-829- 5-8212-16-82

11- 5-763-23-795- 7-7911-20-794- 7-802-11-818-10-8111-17-815-11-827-19-829-15-8212-16-82

12-16-745-30-755-11-767-19-777-30-798-16-791-25-802-13-807- 9-807- 7-81

1- 6-825- 5-827- 8-829-28-8211-29-8212-13-82

8- 7-73


<0.20 51579.03.05

< .20.40.02.96

1.401.901.601.80

< .02< .02

.02

.05

.02

.04

.66 51583

.09< .40< .40< .20< .40

4.224.003.603.105.704.906.206.208.309.50

515868.7011.6011.007.609.3011.00

8.60

Date

1- 2-7510-21-7511-18-767-26-777-23-792- 5-802- 8-803-24-808- 6-801-13-811-21-817-28-8110-29-814-29-827-20-829-22-8212-15-82

1- 2-754-30-7510-22-755- 3-7611-18-761-25-797-30-798-16-792-13-803-24-808-12-807-29-815- 5-827- 7-829-21-8211-30-82

1- 2-7510-21-7512- 1-767-27-778- 8-791-29-802-11-803-24-808-11-80


1.16.70

1.10.70.65

5.704.10.73.70.71.69.75.50.80.70.70.80

.14

.19

.26

.11

.15

.17

.29

.36

.31

.32

.40

.40

.50< .40

.60

.40

8.451.301.30.11.06

8.703.104.704.30

48

Table 10. Concentrations of nitrate-nitrogen in water from selected Suffolk County Department of Health Services observation wells in the Pine Barrens, 1972-82.


Well no.

51586(cont'd)

51591

51592

Date

1-14-817-28-81

11- 2-815-12-827-20-829-22-8212-13-82

10- 4-746- 2-7510-22-7511-19-767-18-777-23-792-11-803-25-808-11-809- 3-8010-29-801-13-813-23-814-11-815- 5-817- 7-829-20-8212- 2-82

10- 4-746-25-7510-22-7512- 1-761-25-797-23-798-16-791-28-802-13-80

Nitrate- nitrogen (mg/£)

4.5011.004.30.70

2.102.501.00

.01

.05

.11

.07< .02

.09

.04

.60

.05< .40< .02< .02< .02< .02< .40< .40< .20< .40

.48

.48

.80

.65

.66

.57

.63

.63

.60

Well no. Date

51592 3-25-80(cont'd) 8-11-80

10-29-807-29-814- 7-825- 5-827- 7-829-28-8212- 1-8212-14-82

51979 STP 10-10-738-11-7510-18-775- 5-8010- 7-804-13-82

51980 STP 8-20-759- 7-7710-15-804-15-8210- 7-82

52128 6-10-7411-20-794- 9-802-11-8111-17-81

52492 5-13-74

55662 STP 12- 8-7510-18-775- 1-80

10- 1-80


0.03.62.47.57

< .20< .40< .40< .40

.20< .20

< .20.49.94

1.10.58

1.00

.672.20.80.06

1.90

2.951.40.86

1.601.10

3.48

.14

.662.70.06

STP, Sewage-treatment plant

49

Table

11. Se

wage-treatment p

lant

s in th

e Pine B

arre

ns.

[Locations ar

e shown

in fi

g. 12

; da

ta fr

om Suffolk County Department of

He

alth

Ser

vice

s.

Sewa

ge -

treatment

Name of es

tabl

ishm

ent

plant

no.

1 and

SPDES2

Perm

it no.

31

Brookhaven N

ational

Lab, Up

ton

(NY-

0005

835)

32

Brookhaven S

cave

nger

,Manorville (NY-0079332)

35

Leisure

Vill

age,

Ri

dge

(NY -0079359)

45

Grumman

Aero

spac

e,Calverton

(NY-

0025

453)

55

Rock

y Po

int

Gard

ens,

Rocky

Poin

t (N

Y-00

6538

2)

*66

Strathmore Ridge,

Yaphank

(NY -0079391)

70

Arti

st La

ke Condos,

Middle Is

land

Type

of

treat

me

nt3 P P S S S DN S

Design

flow

(Mgal/d)

2.3 .05

.165

.062

.03

.05

.097

1980

Aver

age

flow

(Mga

l/d)

1.05

1.46 .106

.023

.021

.05

.027

Treatment

proc

ess

Sedi

ment

atio

n and

intermittent sand

filt

er

Aerated

lagoons

Contact

stab

iliz

ati

on

Chem

ical

pretreat-

ment

, ex

tend

edaeration

Exte

nded

ae

rati

on

Bio-

disc

, break

poin

t chlorination

Exte

nded

ae

rati

on

Rech

arge

fa

cili

ties

Peconic

Rive

r

Recharge

beds

Rech

arge

beds

Peconic

River

Leac

hing

pool

s

Recharge

beds

Leac

hing

pools

Slud

ge

facility

Aero

bic

dige

stor

and

drying

beds

Slud

gedr

ying

beds

Aerobic

dige

stor

Aero

bic

dige

stor

Aero

bic

dige

stor

Aero

bic

dige

stor

Aerobic

digestor

Esti

mate

d an

nual

sl

udge

discharge

(gal

lons

)

5,000

9 Mg

al

340,000

24,0

00

25,000

80,0

00

32,0

00

Slud

ge-

disp

osal

site

Sout

hCa

roli

nala

ndfi

ll

Onsite

landfill

Brookhaven

Scav

enge

r

Rive

rhea

dSe

wage

-Tr

eatm

ent

Plan

t

Brookhaven

Scav

enge

r

Brookhaven

Scav

enge

r

Brookhaven

Scav

enge

r(N

Y-00

7050

2)

Table

11.--S

ewage-treatment

plan

ts in th

e Pi

ne B

arre

ns (c

onti

nued

)

Sewa

ge -

treatment

plan

t no

. 1

76 92 98 102

104

111

115

Name

of

es

tabl

ishm

ent

and

SPDES2

Permit no

.

Heat

herw

ood

Condos ,

Calv

erto

n (N

Y-00

8061

6)

Engl

ish town Gardens,

Middle Island

(NY -0080632)

Coventry Manor, Middle

Island (N

Y-00

8066

7)

Pine Bills

Apts

.,

Manorville (N

Y-00

7940

5)

Suff

olk

Coun

ty Co

mmun

ity

Coll

ege

East Campus

(NY-0078131)

Parr

Vi

llag

e, Ya

phan

k (NY-0066559)

Ridge

Haven

Estates,

Ridg

e (NY-0080497)

Type

of

trea

t

ment-' S S

DN DN DN DN DN

Design

flow

(Mgal/d)

.05

.03

.06

.181

.035

.45

.171

1980

Av

erag

e flow

(Mgal/d)

.04

.008

.017

.053

.009

.011

.025

Trea

tmen

t pr

oces

s

Exte

nded

aeration

Extended aeration

Bio-

disc

, deep bed

filt

er

Exte

nded

ae

rati

on,

deep be

d filter

Bio-

disc

, deep

bed

filt

er

Exte

nded

ae

rati

on,

deep

bed

filt

er

Exte

nded

ae

rati

on,

deep bed

filter

Recharge

faci

liti

es

Leac

hing

pools

Leaching

pool

s

Rech

arge

be

ds

Rech

arge

beds

Rech

arge

be

ds

Rech

arge

be

ds

Rech

arge

be

ds

Slud

ge

faci

lity

Aero

bic

digestor

Aero

bic

dige

stor

Aero

bic

digestor

Aero

bic

digestor

Aero

bic

digestor

Aero

bic

digestor

Aero

bic

digestor

Estimated

annual

slud

ge

disc

harg

e (gallons)

50,000

8,000

75,000

180,

000

10,000

12,0

00

25,000

Slud

ge-

disp

osal

site

Brookhaven

Scavenger

Broo

khav

en

Scav

enge

r

Broo

khav

en

Scavenger

Brookhaven

Scavenger

Riverhead

Sewa

ge -

Treatment

Plan

t

Brookhaven

Scavenger

Brookhaven

Scavenger

Number on

Su

ffol

k Co

unty

De

part

ment

of Health Se

rvic

es master list.

* SPDES

No.

- State

Pollutant

Disc

harg

e El

imin

atio

n Sy

stem

Pe

rmit

Nu

mber

. ^

P, Primary; S,

Se

cond

ary;

DN

, De

nitr

ific

atio

n.*

Municipal

facilities (all ot

hers

are

privately

owne

d).

5 This flow is

a

part

ial

1981 da

ily

aver

age.

N>

Tabl

e 12

.--D

ocum

ente

d point

sources

of g

round-water

contaminants

in th

e Pi

ne B

arrens,

[Locations ar

e sh

own

in fig. 12;

data

fr

om Su

ffol

k Co

unty

De

part

ment

of

Health Services]

No.

l

2 8 24 33 51 110

124

129

146

150

163

171

174

SCDH

S File

no.

1974

-1

1976

-4

1977-21

1978-12

1978

-48

1979

-74

1979

-107

1980-6

1980

-51

1980

-56

1980-116

1980-137

1980-145

Date

re

port

ed

or di

scov

ered

1974

12-2

1-76

12-

9-77

5- 5-

78

8-30

-78

8-29

-79

12-18-79

1-24

-80

4-22

-80

5- 1-

80

8-31

-80

9- 9-80

11-1

4-80

Spil

l or leak

loca

tion

West

hamp

ton

Beac

h (T

ank

Farm

) 2

separate spills,

1967

an

d 19

74.

Flan

ders

Ro

ad,

Flan

ders

Rout

e 24,

Riverhead

Coun

ty Ro

ute

111

and

Nort

h Su

nris

e Highway

Serv

ice

Road,

Manorville

East

Qu

ogue

Mobile Home Pa

rk,

Old

Coun

try

Road,

East Qu

ogue

William

Floy

d Pa

rkwa

y an

d Long

Isla

nd Ex

pres

sway

, Ya

phan

k

Thompson Road (in

Lab

comp

lex,

near

Bubb

le Chamber)

Traf

fic

Circle,

Rive

rhea

d (gas

layers on ground wa

ter)

Rout

e 25

A and

Hall

ock

Land

ing

Road

(gas

in gr

ound

wa

ter)

Broo

khav

en Na

tion

al La

bora

tory

, Up

ton

Sunr

ise

High

way,

Ce

nter

Moriches

Westhampton

Rout

e 25 and

Half moon

Pond Ro

ad,

Major

chemical

Jet

fuel

(J

P-4)

Gaso

line

Gasoline

Gaso

line

Kerosene

Gaso

line

Xyle

ne and

mine

ral

oil

Gasoline

Gaso

line

Diesel fuel

Pesticides

Gaso

line

Gasoline

Appr

oxim

ate

volume

(gallons)

80,0

00 (1

967)

10,000 (1

974)

1,200

2,000

5,000

200

800

- 1,

500

100

Unkn

own

Unkn

own

50 -

100

Unkn

own

(sma

ll)

Unkn

own

Unkn

own

Type

of

operation^

OH GS GS GT OS GT TH GS GS OH TT GS GS

183

1981

-81

-20

-81

Rid

ge

Ro

ute

27

, E

ast

Quo

gue

#2

Fuel

o

il30

0O

T

Tabl

e 12

.--D

ocum

ente

d po

int

sources

of g

roun

d-wa

ter

contaminants in

th

e Pi

ne Ba

rren

s (continued)

No.

1

192

220

221

223

245

251

254

Ui

257

OJ

262

266

269

273

275

281

285

295

SCDH

S File

no.

1980

-019

7

1980-1611

1980-1637

1981

-17

1981-87

1981

-121

1981-157

1982

-20

1982

-32

1982

-111

1983-3

1983-7

1983

-96

1983-146

1983-149

1983

-165

Date reported

or discovered

4-30

-80

2- 6-81

2-11-81

1-28-81

6-26

-81

8-20

-81

11-

5-81

2-11

-82

5-25

-82

8-24

-82

1- 7-83

1-11

-83

4- 2-

83

6-16

-83

6-17

-83

7- 7-

83

Spil

l or

leak

location

Upton

Upto

n

Upto

n

Rout

e 24,

Flan

ders

Rout

e 25,

Midd

le Island

Rocky

Poin

t Ro

ad an

d Ro

ute

25A,

Rocky

Poin

t

Pleasure Drive, Flanders

Calv

erto

n

West

hamp

ton

Calv

erto

n

Swan Po

nd Road,

Calv

erto

n

West

hamp

ton

Swan

Pond Road,

Calv

erto

n

Calv

erto

n

West

hamp

ton

Whiskey

Road

an

d Ri

dge

Road

, Ridge

Majo

r chemical

Diesel oi

l

#3 Diesel oi

l

Alco

hol

&un

know

n

Fuel

oi

l

Gaso

line

Fuel

oi

l

Ferr

ic ch

lori

de wa

ste

JP-4

Aviation fuel an

d so

dium

sulf

ate

wast

e oi

l

JP-4

Pain

t stripping

waste

Wast

ewat

er pa

int

rins

ing

JP-5

2 15,000-gal tanks

failed

test

PCB

oil

Appr

oxim

ate

volume

(gal

lons

)

5,20

0

2,00

0

300

Unkn

own,

prob

ably

>5

0

500

Unkn

own

2,500

100

5-gal

cans

55-gal dr

ums

(unknown

quan

tity

)

1,00

0 -

5,000

500

Unkn

own

280

100

- 50

0

Unkn

own

10 -

15

Type

of

oper

atio

n^

OH OH TH OH GH OT TH TH TH OS GH TH GH

* Nu

mber

on

Su

ffol

k Co

unty

De

part

ment

of Health Se

rvic

es ma

ster

li

st.

2 OH

, oil

handling;

GS,

gasoline storage; GT,

gasoline transportation;

OS,

oil

stor

age;

TH,

other

toxic

mate

rial

ha

ndli

ng;

TT,

other

toxi

c ma

teri

al transportation;

OT,

oil

transportation;

GH,

gasoline handling.

HYDROLOGIC APPRAISAL OF THE PINE BARRENS, SUFFOLK … · Long Island's Pine Barrens in southeastern...

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