Hydrogen in the future EU energy system: the role of the Fuel Cell and Hydrogen … ·...
Transcript of Hydrogen in the future EU energy system: the role of the Fuel Cell and Hydrogen … ·...
Hydrogen in the future EU energy system:the role of the Fuel Cell and Hydrogen Joint
UndertakingJean-Luc DELPLANCKE
The Present
Overview
2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017
CouncilregulationCouncil
regulationAmend-ment
Amend-ment
Auto-nomyAuto-nomy
7th Framework Program7th Framework Program Horizon 2020Horizon 2020
CouncilregulationCouncil
regulation
13 Projects (on 155) related to hydrogen production
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Call 2008Call 2008
Call 2009Call 2009
Call 2010Call 2010
Call 2011Call 2011
Call 2012Call 2012
Calls 2013Calls 2013
16 Projects16 Projects28 Projects28 Projects
26 Projects26 Projects33 Projects33 Projects
27 Projects27 Projects25 Projects25 Projects
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Car powertrains studyCar powertrains study
Bus studyBus study
Distributed power and heat studyDistributed power and heat study
Energy storage studyEnergy storage study
Electrolyser studyElectrolyser study
FCH sector trends studyFCH sector trends study
Decarbonising EU studyDecarbonising EU study
To support the Activity Areas according to MAIP targets
Transportation &Refuelling infrastructure
37%
Cross-CuttingActivities 4%
Early Markets12%
Hydrogen Production &Distribution 13%
Early Markets(12-14%)
Cross-CuttingActivities (6-8%)
Transportation & Refuellinginfrastructure
(32-36%)
MAIP targetsby Application Area
Fundingby Application Area
Transportation &Refuelling infrastructure
37%
Stationary PowerGeneration & CHP 34%
Hydrogen Production &Distribution 13%
Hydrogen Production &Distribution (10-12%)
Stationary Power Generation &CHP (34-37%)
Total FCH JU contribution 450 M€
Matching 50/50 by Industry and Research Communities
To increase the European energy securityof supply (20% increase in renewables)
Hydrogen is an energy vector notan energy source
Wind turbines in Danemark Photovoltaics in Spain
Water electrolysis- High power (MW-
GW)- Coupling with
intermittent energysources
Hydrogen storage- Underground
storage- Solid state
storage
To increase the European energy security ofsupply (20% increase in renewables) (2)
- Demonstration of highpower electrolyserscoupled to renewableenergy sources
- Demonstration ofintegrated systems
- Demonstration ofhydrogen productionthrough concentrated solarenergy
- Hydrogen Undergroundstorage
- Demonstration of highpower electrolyserscoupled to renewableenergy sources
- Demonstration ofintegrated systems
- Demonstration ofhydrogen productionthrough concentrated solarenergy
- Hydrogen Undergroundstorage
Overview
2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017
CouncilregulationCouncil
regulationAmend-ment
Amend-ment
Auto-nomyAuto-nomy
7th Framework Program7th Framework Program Horizon 2020Horizon 2020
CouncilregulationCouncil
regulation
155 Projects and 7 Studies under FP7
7
Call 2008Call 2008
Call 2009Call 2009
Call 2010Call 2010
Call 2011Call 2011
Call 2012Call 2012
Calls 2013Calls 2013
16 Projects16 Projects28 Projects28 Projects
26 Projects26 Projects33 Projects33 Projects
27 Projects27 Projects25 Projects25 Projects
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Car powertrains studyCar powertrains study
Bus studyBus study
Distributed power and heat studyDistributed power and heat study
Energy storage studyEnergy storage study
Electrolyser studyElectrolyser study
FCH sector trends studyFCH sector trends study
Decarbonising EU studyDecarbonising EU study
Study on development of water electrolysis in the EU
Technical AdvisoryGroup (TAG)
Steering Committee
Electrolyser technology statusand expected trends
Techno-economic analysis
Industry
Researchorganisations
Stakeholders / data
The study carefully compared water electrolysis options with their competingalternatives to examine viability
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Task lead
Technical AdvisoryGroup (TAG)
Recommendations for RD&D Literature
http://www.fch-ju.eu/publications
Water electrolysis can be commercially viable intransport applications – and some others – by 2030
• Water electrolysis (WE) can be a commercially viableelement of the future energy system
• Hydrogen for transport• Industrial hydrogen uses
• Gigawatt scale cumulative deployment is plausible by2030
• In line with stakeholder expectations• Coherent with emerging hydrogen infrastructure plans
• But this is hard to achieve and requires:• Continued technology development and cost reduction• Supportive regulatory and policy framework conditions• Clear requirements for emerging WE energy applications
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• Water electrolysis (WE) can be a commercially viableelement of the future energy system
• Hydrogen for transport• Industrial hydrogen uses
• Gigawatt scale cumulative deployment is plausible by2030
• In line with stakeholder expectations• Coherent with emerging hydrogen infrastructure plans
• But this is hard to achieve and requires:• Continued technology development and cost reduction• Supportive regulatory and policy framework conditions• Clear requirements for emerging WE energy applications
Data from literature and stakeholders allowed us toput together KPI* trends to underpin the analysis
• Data sources included literature andinterviews with stakeholders
• KPIs were validated with the project TAG
• KPIs include:– Specific capex– Efficiency– System and stack size– Lifetime– Dynamic characteristics– System pressure– Opex– Availability– Current density
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• Data sources included literature andinterviews with stakeholders
• KPIs were validated with the project TAG
• KPIs include:– Specific capex– Efficiency– System and stack size– Lifetime– Dynamic characteristics– System pressure– Opex– Availability– Current density
Techno-economic analysis was based on time-resolveddemand and price data and primarily compared to SMR*
• TEA uses time-resolved demand and price data to estimate the specific costof produced hydrogen over the lifetime of the installation
• Primary counterfactual is hydrogen produced by large SMR• Use cases considered include:
– Vehicle refuelling– Industrial applications– Gas grid injection– Re-electrification
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• TEA uses time-resolved demand and price data to estimate the specific costof produced hydrogen over the lifetime of the installation
• Primary counterfactual is hydrogen produced by large SMR• Use cases considered include:
– Vehicle refuelling– Industrial applications– Gas grid injection– Re-electrification
* Steam Methane Reforming
The TEA calculated the total point-of-use hydrogencost for a range of use cases and counterfactuals
Central SMR1 MW day onsiteWE, Central KPIs
Use case costs
Production costs
0.27
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• Here, WE production cost is higher but final cost of hydrogen islower at the refuelling station – due in part to revenues frombalancing services
• Use case costs include refuelling station costs, compression, storage,and distribution as appropriate
Production costs
Use Case 1a: Small car HRS400kg/day
Summary plots compare WE with central and bestcase KPIs to the relevant counterfactual, in a
given country
SMR counter-factual
Best case WEKPI scenario
Central WEKPI scenario
Total hydrogencost (€/kg)
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• This sample shows the layout of plots that follow and that are in thereport
Use casecharacteristics
Industrial and energy storage use cases would require strongerpolicy support to reach commercial viability
Germany, 2030
Electricity Price/Cost, €/MWh
Germany, 2030€/MWhelec
3029256
4696
58
Average Spot Price Average Price ForExported Electricity
Cost of Generation
137
OPEXCost of Water Stack Replacement
Hydrogen cost , €/Kg
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Cases such as re-electrification or hydrogeninjection into the natural gas grid are likelyto remain far from commercial viability, evenwith high volatility in electricity prices
Counterfactual is wholesale natural gas
Natural gas grid injection would require acarbon price of about 200–300 €/tCO2 toreach cost parity – assuming the WE is runon renewable electricity
3a100 MW re-electrification
OPEXCAPEXElectricity
Cost of Water Stack ReplacementUse Case
Insights from the study included several conditionsthat affect WE commercial viability
• The cost of electrolytic hydrogen is dominated by the cost ofelectricity (in high electrolyser utilisation use cases)
• Electrolyser capex is sufficiently high that high utilisation isnecessary to amortise the system cost sufficiently
• Distributed applications, such as onsite production for vehiclerefuelling, avoid high distribution costs
• A favourable regulatory framework can greatly reduce the effectivecost of electrolytic hydrogen
• Continued or accelerated technology development pusheselectrolyser KPIs towards the “better” edge of expectations
• A high carbon price increases the value of low carbon electrolytichydrogen
• Increased electricity price volatility could provide meaningfulquantities of low cost electricity
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• The cost of electrolytic hydrogen is dominated by the cost ofelectricity (in high electrolyser utilisation use cases)
• Electrolyser capex is sufficiently high that high utilisation isnecessary to amortise the system cost sufficiently
• Distributed applications, such as onsite production for vehiclerefuelling, avoid high distribution costs
• A favourable regulatory framework can greatly reduce the effectivecost of electrolytic hydrogen
• Continued or accelerated technology development pusheselectrolyser KPIs towards the “better” edge of expectations
• A high carbon price increases the value of low carbon electrolytichydrogen
• Increased electricity price volatility could provide meaningfulquantities of low cost electricity
In markets with favourable conditions, WE could compete invehicle refuelling applications by 2030
• Where favourable conditions already exist, such as in Germany,water electrolysis (WE) should reach competitiveness with large SMRby 2030 – for vehicle refuelling
• Broader adoption of such favourable conditions could extend thecommercially viable markets for water electrolysis
• Maturation and rationalisation of the electrolyser manufacturing baseand supply chain could:– bring down specific costs– broaden the range of viable use cases to include some industrial
applications• Hydrogen injection into the gas grid and re-electrification are likely
to require significant policy support to be competitive
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• Where favourable conditions already exist, such as in Germany,water electrolysis (WE) should reach competitiveness with large SMRby 2030 – for vehicle refuelling
• Broader adoption of such favourable conditions could extend thecommercially viable markets for water electrolysis
• Maturation and rationalisation of the electrolyser manufacturing baseand supply chain could:– bring down specific costs– broaden the range of viable use cases to include some industrial
applications• Hydrogen injection into the gas grid and re-electrification are likely
to require significant policy support to be competitive
Gigawatt scale WE deployments by 2030 are coherent withstated hydrogen infrastructure plans
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• Although vehicle refuelling seems the most viableapplication, the concurrent provision of grid services willbe necessary to support this deployment
• GW scale cumulative deployments seem realisable by2030, in line with stakeholder expectations
Specific areas require further research, and theelectrolyser industry must evolve
• Stakeholder engagement highlighted areas that need furtherresearch
• Detailed requirements for emerging electrolyser applications• Definition of standard test and duty cycles, particularly for
dynamic operation• Demonstration of – and data on – dynamic operation and
impact on system life• Clarification of novel use cases for emerging technology like
SOEC• The electrolyser industry will need to evolve significantly to capture
emerging opportunities• Current commercial electrolysers are essentially mature, but
system designs may not be well suited for new applications• Industry and supply chain are fragmented and will need to be
rationalised to drive down costs18
• Stakeholder engagement highlighted areas that need furtherresearch
• Detailed requirements for emerging electrolyser applications• Definition of standard test and duty cycles, particularly for
dynamic operation• Demonstration of – and data on – dynamic operation and
impact on system life• Clarification of novel use cases for emerging technology like
SOEC• The electrolyser industry will need to evolve significantly to capture
emerging opportunities• Current commercial electrolysers are essentially mature, but
system designs may not be well suited for new applications• Industry and supply chain are fragmented and will need to be
rationalised to drive down costs
The Future
Two key activity pillars
Strategic objective
By 2020, fuel cell and hydrogentechnologies will be demonstrated asone of the pillars of future European
energy and transport systems,making a valued contribution to the
transformation to a low carboneconomy by 2050.
Strategic objective
By 2020, fuel cell and hydrogentechnologies will be demonstrated asone of the pillars of future European
energy and transport systems,making a valued contribution to the
transformation to a low carboneconomy by 2050.
• Road vehicles• Non-road mobile
vehicles andmachinery
• Refuellinginfrastructure
• Maritime, rail andaviation applications
• Road vehicles• Non-road mobile
vehicles andmachinery
• Refuellinginfrastructure
• Maritime, rail andaviation applications
• Fuel cells for powerand combined heat& power generation
• Hydrogenproduction anddistribution
• Hydrogen forrenewable energygeneration (incl.blending in naturalgas grid)
• Fuel cells for powerand combined heat& power generation
• Hydrogenproduction anddistribution
• Hydrogen forrenewable energygeneration (incl.blending in naturalgas grid)
TRANSPORTTRANSPORT ENERGYENERGY
FCH 2 JU under Horizon 2020
Strategic objective
By 2020, fuel cell and hydrogentechnologies will be demonstrated asone of the pillars of future European
energy and transport systems,making a valued contribution to the
transformation to a low carboneconomy by 2050.
Strategic objective
By 2020, fuel cell and hydrogentechnologies will be demonstrated asone of the pillars of future European
energy and transport systems,making a valued contribution to the
transformation to a low carboneconomy by 2050.
Budget of €1.33 billion in 2014 - 2020Strong industry commitment to contribute insidethe programme + through additional investmentoutside, supporting joint objectives.
Budget of €1.33 billion in 2014 - 2020Strong industry commitment to contribute insidethe programme + through additional investmentoutside, supporting joint objectives.
• Road vehicles• Non-road mobile
vehicles andmachinery
• Refuellinginfrastructure
• Maritime, rail andaviation applications
• Road vehicles• Non-road mobile
vehicles andmachinery
• Refuellinginfrastructure
• Maritime, rail andaviation applications
• Fuel cells for powerand combined heat& power generation
• Hydrogenproduction anddistribution
• Hydrogen forrenewable energygeneration (incl.blending in naturalgas grid)
• Fuel cells for powerand combined heat& power generation
• Hydrogenproduction anddistribution
• Hydrogen forrenewable energygeneration (incl.blending in naturalgas grid)
CROSS-CUTTING ISSUES(e.g. standards, consumer awareness,
manufacturing methods, studies)
CROSS-CUTTING ISSUES(e.g. standards, consumer awareness,
manufacturing methods, studies)
Adopted by the Commission on 10 July 2013
• FCH2 JU overall investments : 1,33 Bn€
FCH JU II – Shared Commitments
EUContribution(Operational costs): 665 M€
570 M€
TransportSystems :47,5%
Research &Innovation : 14,5%
Research &Innovation : 14,5%
Demonstration &pilot activities :
33%
EUContribution(Operational costs): 665 M€
PrivateContribution> 665 M€
Conditional :95 M€
665 M€
EnergySystems :47,5%
Cross-cuttingactivities : 5%
Research &Innovation : 14,5%
Demonstration &pilot activities :
33%
Industrial applications Residential CHP
FCH 2 JU objectives
Transport Feed to electricity grid
Reduction of productioncosts of long lifetime FC
systems to be used intransport applications
Increase of the electricalefficiency and durability of low
cost FCs used for powerproduction
Natural gas, biogas,coal, biomass
Renewable generation,storage and‘buffering’
Methanisation feedto natural gas grid
Existing natural gas, electricity and transport infrastructures
Increase the energy efficiencyof low cost production ofhydrogen from waterelectrolysis and renewablesources
By-product fromChemical Industry
Large scale use hydrogen tosupport integration ofrenewable energy sourcesinto the energy systems
Reduce the use of critical raw materials
Connecting the European grids
Motorway grid
Electricity grid Natural gas grid
MAWP’s objectives
Hydrogen production from renewable electricityfor energy storage and grid balancing
Hydrogen production with low carbon footprint from otherresources and waste hydrogen recovery
Thank you for your attention !
Further info :• FCH JU : http://fch-ju.eu• NEW-IG : http://www.new-ig.eu• N.ERGHY : http://www.nerghy.eu
Thank you for your attention !
Further info :• FCH JU : http://fch-ju.eu• NEW-IG : http://www.new-ig.eu• N.ERGHY : http://www.nerghy.eu
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