Hydroelectricity by yatharth kochhar
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Transcript of Hydroelectricity by yatharth kochhar
hydoelectricity
MADE BY : Yatharth kochhar CLASS : X “A”
`
WHICH IS THE BEST
SOURCE OF ENERGY??
Question of the modern age
Hydroelectric Power
Energy created by a heavy flowing water
OUR Objectives
• We will be discuss about the source of Hydroelectric energy
• History of hydroelectericity• We will describe “how Hydroelectric energy is
produced?”• We will show Hydroelectric energy as an very
useful acceptable source of energy
• We will discuss where is Hydroelectricity is used
INVENTION OF HYDROELETRICITY
History of Hydroelectric Power• Nearly 2000 years ago the Greeks used water wheels to grind wheat into flour
• In the 1700's, hydropower was broadly used for milling of lumber and grain and for pumping irrigation water
• Appleton, Wisconsin became the first operational hydroelectric generating station in the United States, in 1882, producing 12.5 kilowatts (kW) of power
• The total electrical capacity generated was equivalent to 250 lights
• Within the next 20 years roughly 300 hydroelectric plants were operational around the world
• The invention of the hydraulic reaction turbine created the sudden expansion of hydropower
• 40% of the United States' electricity was provided by hydroelectric power in the early 1900's
INTRODUTION
• Hydroelectricity is the term referring to electricity generated by hydropower; the production of electrical power through the use of the gravitational force of falling or flowing water. It is the most widely used form of renewable energy, Previously16% of global electricity generation 3,427 terawatt-hours of electricity production in 2010,[1]
• At todays date Hydropower is produced in 150 countries, including Asia.
• China is the largest hydroelectricity producer, with 721 terawatt-hours of production in 2010, representing around 17 percent of domestic electricity use. There are now three hydroelectricity plants larger than 10 GW: the Three Gorges Dam in China, Itaipu Dam across the Brazil/Paraguay border, and Guri Dam in Venezuela.
• The cost of hydroelectricity is compare vise low, As it is a renewable electricity.
• The average cost of electricity from a hydro plant larger than 10 megawatts is 3 to 5 U.S. cents per kilowatt-hour.
• We used hydro power because it becomes our necessary to use hydro power as we need a alternative for fossil fules
• However, making dams interrupts the flow of rivers and can harm local ecosystems, and building large dams and reservoirs often involves displacing people and
• wildlife. Once a hydroelectric complex is constructed, the project produces no direct waste, and has a considerably lower output level of the greenhouse gas carbon dioxide
Who’s using it?
• Supplies 20% of world’s electricity and 6% of it’s total commercial energy
• 3 largest producers are Canada, U.S., and Brazil
• Projected use over the next 10 years: Canada 70%, China 10%, U.S.10%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
CanadaChinaU.S.
TRADITIONAL WAYS OF MAKING
HYDROENERGY….
Breast Shot Wheel
Breast shot wheel:One type of traditionalWater wheel
Water wheels: sourceOf power for theIndustrial revolution
Overshot Wheel
It was more efficient that breast shot wheel. Some mills usingThese wheels still in operationIn rural areas in from 1950’s till know
Miller: Mrs. Aarendale
MODERAN WAY OF HYDROELECTRICIY……
How useful is it?
• Moderate to high net useful energy yield • fairly low operating and maintenance costs• low pollution• rarely shut down• help control flooding• supply a regulated flow of irrigation water to
lowlands below the dam
Compared to Others
• Has moderate to high net useful energy
• Solar energy and hydroelectric are the highest producers of energy besides nonrenewable resources
Drawbacks
• Flood vast areas• destroys wildlife habitats • uproots people• keeps nutrients from being sent downstream• decreases fish harvests below the dam• keep fish from migrating upstream• kills large numbers of fish
Hoover D
am
Glen Canyon Dam (Utah)
• The largest Hydroelectric Power Plant in the world
• The Yangst River in China
THE END