PUSAT PENGAJIAN KEJURUTERAAN DAN KELAUTAN

MARINE FLUID POWER LABORATORY

(MMT3102) Module : 2

Title : Introduction to Hydraulic Components

Group : H

Date of Experiment : 28th Sept 2015

Lecturer : Prof. Dr. Wan Mohd Norsani bin Wan Nik

Group member:

Name IC Number Matric No. ABDUL HAFIZ BIN MELLIANI 950413-01-5091 UK33328

KHIU WEI CHING 940418-13-5157 UK33937 MOHAMAD SHAHRUL ANUAR BIN MOHAMAD NORDIN 920917-08-6101 UK34156

NURUL IZZATI BINTI ABDUL SAMAT 950330-14-5974 UK35440 NURUL NASUHA MOHD NOR 951101-05-5224 UK35470

Date of Submission: 5th OCT 2015

PUSAT PENGAJIAN KEJURUTERAAN KELAUTAN

UNIVERSITI MALAYSIA TERENGGANU

MARIN FLUID POWER (MMT 3102)

MODULE 2

Title: Introduction to Hydraulic components.

Objectives:

1) To know valves and devices of hydraulic components.

2) To understand function and application of various valves and devices of

hydraulic components.

3) To understand of hydraulic symbols.

Equipments:

Hydraulic components.

Theory:

Hydraulic system is the technology that deals with the generation, control, and

transmission of power using pressurized fluid. It can be said that fluid power is the

muscle that moves industry. This is because fluid power is used to push, pull, regulate

or drive virtually all the machine of modern industry.

There are six basic component required in a hydraulic system which is; tank to

hold the hydraulic oil, pump to force the oil through the system, an electric motor or

other power source to drive the pump, valve to control oil direction, pressure, and

flow rate, actuator and piping. For this equipment, there are specific symbol. Refer

books to understand the symbols.

Work Instruction:

1) All the components mounted on the front panel for basic and advanced

hydraulic were observed.

2) List of components were justified as the table shown

Observation:

Components Symbol Serial no. Function Note/label/

picture/etc

Hydraulic

power pack

0021949 Generates energy to the

system.

Hydraulic hose

Channel hydraulic oil

flow in the hydraulic

system.

4/2 Directional

control valve

with lever

DMG-02-

3C2

Control the direction of

the oil flow in the

hydraulic system

manually with 2 holes

and 4 directions.

4/3 Directional

control valve

with lever

DMG-02-3C6

Control the direction of

the oil flow in the

hydraulic system

manually with 3 ports

and 4 directions.

4/2 Directional

control valve

with solenoid

Control the direction of

the oil flow in the

hydraulic system

electronically with 2

holes and 4 directions.

4/3 Directional

control valve

with solenoid

SHD-

02G-2B2-

A24D

Control the direction of

oil tint hydraulic

electronic system

which contains 3 ports

and 4 directions.

Manual shut-off

valve

Allow or prevent the

flow of fluid in the

hydraulic system.

Double acting

cylinder

Hydraulically powered

in both directions by

applying fluid pressure

to a specific part

Flow control

valve

To control the flow of

fluid to the actuators.

Pressure

reducing valve

RCD-03-3 To limit the pressure in

a circuit to a lower

value than that required

in the rest of the circuit.

Pressure control

valve

HCG-03-

1-3

To limit the maximum

pressure (pressure

relief valve), to set

pressure support

(counterbalance valve),

or to alert when a

certain pressure is

achieved (valve

sequence).

Pressure gauge

EN837-1 Measure the pressure

of fluid and consists of

a closed coiled tube

connected to the

chamber or pipe in

which pressure is

sensed. Check valve

Normally allows fluid

to flow through it in

only one direction.

Pressure relief

valve

DG-02-1 To limit the maximum

pressure in the

hydraulic system.

Pilot check

valve

CPDG-03 Allow oil flow in only

one direction but

allows flow in the

opposite direction

when the pilot pressure

applied.

Flow meter

Reading the hydraulic

oil flow rate in the

system.

Payload

(spring)

cylinder

Spring inside the

cylinder restores the

bore back to original

position when the

pressure decreases.

Hydraulic

motor

To obtain energy from

the fluid and change

into mechanical energy

to enable the work is

done.

Discussion:

1) Write the report for this justification; which summary of basic working

principle, function, application and etc for each component.

Hydraulic science can be categorized into two types, which is hydrodynamic

and hydrostatic. Hydraulic system is a transmission system that uses

pressurized hydraulic fluid to drive the hydraulic machinery. The term hydrostatic

refers to the transfer of energy from flow and pressure. Hydraulic system are widely

use in the field of industrial technical and vehicles brake system.

Hydraulic system is divided into two parts. The pump that move the fluid

while second is that the cylinders which are used for flows of fluid. Other than that,

there are some basic components in hydraulic system such as tank, hydraulic pump,

hydraulic motor, hydraulic valve, and pipe. The function of the tank is to fill the

hydraulic fluid. The function of the pump is to create the flow of the fluid to the

whole system. Hydraulic power packs are stand-alone devices that act as a pump. The

power pack supplies hydraulic power through a control valve to run another machine.

However, The hydraulic power packs need regular maintenance to prevent leakage.

Next, there are also hydraulic hose which function to transfer energy-

generating liquid between different components to form a complete hydraulic circuit.

The basic hydraulic hose construction involves three layers. These layers help

maintain a consistent and reliable flow of liquid while protecting the overall assembly

from breaking down as a result of wear or abrasion. The three layers are inner tube,

reinforcement layer and outer layer. For the application of hydraulic hose are for

operating a digging tool, hydraulic pipes, tubes and hoses. Large vehicles like

airplanes require hydraulics hose. Pilot valves provide the user with a reliable method

to check flow in one direction, with the ability to remotely signal a free flow through

the valve. Hydraulic hose is also used to combine all components in the hydraulic

system.

The most common pump used in hydraulic system is the gear pump. Gear

pump cannot create displacement that can be adjusted but can create the volume that

is needed by using constant displacement. While piston pump is to create the reaction

of pumping with moving the piston. Moreover, hydraulic motor is working opposing

with pump that is the fluid has to force in and let it out, changes the fluid force to

mechanical force. There are also pressure gauges which are crucial components of

most processing systems. In these environments, a pressure gauge needs to be

reliable, accurate and easy to read to help prevent failure in any operations.

There are three classifications of hydraulic valves namely directional control

valve, volume control valve, and pressure control valve. The function of directional

control valve is to start, stop, and changes the cylinder and motor. As for volume

control valve, It is to adjust the flow rate of fluid or the acceleration of propellant.

Lastly, The function of pressure control valve is to adjust and limit the force.

Directional control valves are one of the most fundamental parts in hydraulic machine

as well and pneumatic machinery. They allow fluid flow into different paths from one

or more sources. They usually consist of a spool inside a cylinder that is mechanically

or electrically controlled. The movement of the spool restricts or permits the flow,

thus it controls the fluid flow. Pressure-control valves are found in virtually every

hydraulic system, and they assist in a variety of functions, from keeping system

pressures safely below a desired upper limit to maintaining a set pressure in part of a

circuit. Types include relief, reducing, sequence, counterbalance, and unloading. All

of these are normally closed valves, except for reducing valves, which are normally

open. For most of these valves, a restriction is necessary to produce the required

pressure control. One exception is the externally piloted unloading valve, which

depends on an external signal for its actuation.

Question:

1. Draw the basic hydraulic circuit, which is requiring following component;

Tank, pump, pressure relief valve, pipe, 4/3 Directional control valve with

lever, and double acting cylinder.

2. Define the term of fluid power

Fluid power can be defined as the use of fluids under pressure to generate,

control, transmit power and subdivided into hydraulics system using liquid

such as oil or water whereas pneumatics system uses gas such as air or other

gases to run the system.

3. List down, different between hydraulic and pneumatic?

Hydraulic Pneumatic Use pressurized liquid as a fluid Use compressed gas, usually air, as a

fluid Hydraulic system can operates at higher

pressures up to 700 bar Pneumatic system usually operates at

lower pressure around 510 bar Usually designed as closed system Generally designed as open system

Valve operations are difficult Valve operations are easy Heavier in weight Lighter in weight

Pumps are used to provide pressurized liquids

Compressors are used to provide compressed gases

Automatic lubrication is provided Special arrangements for lubrication are needed

4. Draw the symbols for the hydraulic components listed below?

a) Hydraulic Pump single variable displacement.

b) Hydraulic tank

c) Reservoir

d) Cooler

5. Why is hydraulic power especially useful when performing heavy work?

Pascal Principle is applied in hydraulics system where fluids can exert

pressure anywhere in a confined incompressible fluid, which transmitted

energy equally in all direction. This enable the operator to accomplish

significant work such as lifting heavy loads, turning a shaft, drilling precision

and holes with applying force at one point to transmit energy to another point

using incompressible fluid such as oil.

6. Name the six basic component of hydraulic circuit?

Hydraulic Actuator

Hydraulic Pump

Valves

External Power Supply (motor)

Reservoir

Piping

Conclusion To sum it all, in a hydraulic system there are valves and hydraulic components such

as pump, tank, and cylinder. Through this experiment we can have better

understanding of the function and application of various valves and devices of the

hydraulic components. From this experiment we get know most of the hydraulic

symbols.

Reference:

1. Brater E.F and King, H.W. (1996). Handbook of Hydraulic. WIT Press.

New York. USA

2. Joy, C. M. (1989). Hydraulic Power Transmission In Marine Machinery.

Cornell Maritime Press, USA.

3. Mobley, K. K. (2000). Fluid Power Dynamic, Esevier Science &

Technology Book, USA

4. Wan Mohd Norsani Wan Nik. (1995). Hidraulik kuasa. Penerbit UTM.

Skudai. Johor.

5. Wan Mohd Norsani Wan Nik. ( 1999). Kuasa Bendalir. Rekabentuk sistem,

Penyelenggaraan dan Penyelesaian Masalah. Penerbit UTM. Skudai. Johor.