Hybrid Mini Grids - GIZ
Transcript of Hybrid Mini Grids - GIZ
MINI GRID PV BUSINESS
OPPORTUNITIES IN KENYA
PRESENTED BY:
ENG. HENRY GICHUNGI
Summary
• Introduction
• Renewable Energy Plans
• Diesel Mini Grids
• Hybrid Mini Grids
• Conclusion
Introduction • Kenya Power is a State Corporation with a
government shareholding of 50.1% and
private shareholding of 49.9% as at June
2012
• Currently the only off-taker in the power
market
• Owns most of the transmission and
distribution network
• 30% electrification currently
Main Players in Electricity Industry
Ministry of Energy
ERC
Energy Tribunal
KenGen Imports IPPs REA
GDC –steam resource
development
KETRACO – Transmission /Wholesale Market operator
KPLC – Distribution/Supply
Customers
Population density and Electricity Grid Coverage
Renewable Energy Plans
• Rural Electrification Master Plan update
study (REMP) carried out in 2009
• To update the national rural electrification
strategy for the period 2008-2018
• Identified 33 new sites to be established as
mini grids
• Kenya chosen as one of the six Pilot
Countries to benefit from Scaling-Up
Renewable Energy Program (SREP)
Renewable Energy Plans (Cont.)
• SREP program will support Kenya’s
initiatives towards achieving a
transformational change in RE
• Investment plan submitted to SREP Sub-
committee with three components:
Development of 200MW Geothermal
Solar Water Heating
Hybrid Mini-Grid Systems
Renewable Energy Plans (Cont.)
• New mini grid sites identified by REMP
• Capacity of mini grid based on population
• Government has commissioned a study on
privatization of existing mini grids
• Feed-in-Tariff for private RE generation
(20 UScents/kWh, min capacity 500kW,
duration of standardized PPA 20 years)
• Bill in parliament to open way for private
distributors in mini grids
Mini Grids
Diesel Mini Grids (Cont.)
• Currently there are 15 operational mini
grids operated by Kenya Power with a total
installed capacity of 13.6MW
• 5 of these have operated for more than 30
years (one has been connected to the grid)
• 11 have been developed in the last six years
• 10 more are currently being developed
• Operational Expenditure for mini-grids
funded through cross-subsidy i.e. uniform
tariff policy & fuel adjustment cost
Diesel Mini Grids
Solar Map
• Solar radiation
from 4 to 7
kWh/m2/day
• Highest solar
radiation in off-
grid areas
Hybrid Mini Grids • Government decided to introduce renewable
energy in mini-grids to reduce operational
costs
• So far, 7 have been made hybrid
• 2 plants have wind generation with
installed capacity of 50kW and 500kW
• 6 plants have solar generation with installed
capacities of 10, 30, 50, 60, 60 and 300kWp
• Retro-fitting and construction of new hybrid
Mini Grid Capacities and Energy
Station Installed
Capacity
Diesel
(kW)
Installed
Capacity
Wind (kW)
Installed
Capacity
Solar (kW)
Lodwar 1440 0 60
Wajir 3400 0 0
Mandera 1600 0 300
Marsabit 2400 500 0
Mpeketoni 960 0 0
Hola 800 0 60
Merti 138 0 10
Habaswein 800 50 30
Elwak 360 0 50
Baragoi 128 0 0
Mini Grid Capacities and Energy
Station Installed
Capacity
Diesel
(kW)
Installed
Capacity
Wind (kW)
Installed
Capacity
Solar (kW)
Mfangano 520 0 0
Lokichogio 520 0 0
Eldas 184 0 0
Takaba 184 0 0
Rhamu 184 0 0
TOTAL 13,618 550 510
RE investment plan
• Retrofitting of existing and currently in
construction diesel mini grids with a total of
3,7 MW planned (sizes of 100kW to 800kW
each)
• This figure might be adjusted with result of
feasibility study
Solar-Diesel Hybrid
Plant
Installed
capacity
(kWp)
Capital Cost
(USD)
Capital Cost
per installed
capacity
(USD/kWp)
Implementat
ion year
Implementat
ion Timeline
in Months
Merti Solar 13 135.753 10.433 2010 7
Habaswein Solar 30 247.893 8.263 2011 7
Elwak Solar 50 367.132 7.343 2012 12
Hola Solar 60 404.995 6.750 2012 12
Lodwar Solar 60 306.159 5.103 2012 7
Mandera Solar 300 2.134.223
7.114
(incl. 11 kV
power line)
2012 7
Hybrid Mini Grids (Cont.)
Design: Grid-tie PV with no batteries
Hybrid Mini Grids (Cont.)
• Capital cost met by the government
• All done through tendering
• Grid-tie without batteries design used due to
limitation of resources, future hybrids to
have stabilization systems so as to increase
RE penetration
• Battery storage plan for small mini grids
with low growth rate e.g. Mfangano Island
Energy Mix for all Mini Grids combined –
March 2013
0
500.000
1.000.000
1.500.000
2.000.000
2.500.000
Solar (kW) Wind (kW) Thermal
Total Off-grid Generation in March 2013
in kWh
Energy Mix per Mini Grid – March 2013
Merti Load Curve
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am
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Diesel (kW) Solar (kW) Total (kW)
in kW Installed
Capacities
Diesel:
2 x 64kW
Solar:
12kWp
Lodwar Load Curve
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Solar Diesel Total
in kW Installed
Capacities
Diesel:
3 x 400kW,
1 x 240kW
Solar:
60kWp
Mandera Load Curve
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Solar (kW) Diesel (kW) Total (kW)
in kW Installed
Capacities
Diesel:
4 x 400kW
Solar:
300kWp
Hybrid Mini Grids (Cont.) • The solar hybrids done by several local
companies but all equipments are imported
including SMA inverters in four sites
• Installer does service during warranty
period of twenty four months
• No major challenges encountered
• Total estimated CAPEX
– Retrofitting existing and stations under
construction - USD 43 million
– Green-fields (44 stations) - USD 173.8 million
• Through Government budgetary support
• Grant or concessional financing from
development partners-commitments and
pledges from WB, AFD, SREP, KfW-GIZ,
DFID, JICA
Mini grid implementation proposal
Future Plans For RE • AfD committed Euros 30 million to fund
retrofitting of existing mini grids including
expansion of existing hybrids
• Capacity of RE still under discussion so as
to maximize RE penetration
• To be done through tender or Feed-in-Tariff
• Green fields to be done by both public and
private sector
• WB, GIZ/KfW and DFID have indicated
that they will fund the green fields
Conclusion • Plenty of sunshine all year
• Plenty of space for installation of solar panels
• Feed-in-Tariff
• Government of Kenya is committed to increasing
RE in rural areas and increasing access to
modern energy
• Quality lighting for tiny remote villages
• Low electrification means great demand
Q&A
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