Hw#3 colonial regions
Transcript of Hw#3 colonial regions
Aim: How did geography affect the social, political, and economic development of the New England, Middle, and Southern colonies?
The 13 British colonies are divided into 3 colonial regions:New England colonies
• Rhode Island• Connecticut• Massachusetts• New Hampshire
Middle colonies• Delaware• Pennsylvania• New York• New Jersey
Southern colonies• Maryland• Virginia• North Carolina• South Carolina• Georgia
New England ColoniesWhy were the New England colonies
founded?–Religious Freedom
• Puritans and Pilgrims looked to escape religious persecution and were looking to find a new place to create a more pure and holy place to live.
Society Puritans:
– Believed in “purifying” the Church of England.
Pilgrims:– Believed the Church
of England was too corrupt and could not be reformed (changed)
– Only male who owned property could vote
GodPope
Cardinals/Bishopspriests
People
Ministers
People
Society
Society
1st English governor of Massachusetts colony
Intolerant of Diversity:• Roger Williams—was kicked out of
Massachusetts because he disagreed with the Puritans. He founded his own colony in Rhode Island.
• Anne Hutchinson—was kicked out of Massachusetts because she argued that people can read and interpret the bible by themselves without the minister. She was encouraged by Roger Williams to settle in Rhode Island.
Society
• Salem Witch Trials 1692—When the daughter of a minister died of mysterious causes several people including young women are blamed for doing witchcraft.
• Many people were accused and 20 were declared witches and hanged.
• Those who were not killed, lived with the reputation of being witches.
Geography– Long, cold winters– Rocky soil difficult
to grow food– Bad farming
conditions • Short farming
season• Subsistence
farming (only grow the crops you need to survive)
– Great harbors for port• Cities like
Boston
Great harbors for portCities like Boston
Economic Activity
• Mayflower Compact—agreement between the male settlers coming to Plymouth to create and follow rules to live in order in the new colony.
• Fundamental Orders of Connecticut—a written plan for creating a government for the colony of Connecticut.
• New England Town Meetings—system of government where people of a town would meet to discuss new rules or policies to benefit the town.
• Only church members were allowed to participate and only men could vote.
Political
Middle ColoniesWhy were the Middle colonies
founded?–Religious Freedom–To make money through trade
Geography– Mild climate (not as
cold as New England but not as warm as Southern colonies)
– Rocky soil but better able to have small farms (longer growing season)
– Considered the “bread basket”• Grew large
amounts of grains for trading
– Great harbors for port• Cities like New
York City
Great harbors for portsCities like New York City
• William Penn was a Quaker who founded the colony of Pennsylvania.
• Penn limited his power, established an elected assembly, and promised religious freedom to all Christians.
Society
Economic Activity
• The Middle colonies were known as the “Breadbasket”
• Grew crops like wheat and corn
– Provided food for other colonies
– Some shipping and manufacturing
The Middle colonies are recognized for their strong courts.• In 1735, Peter Zenger is
accused of printing negative stories about the governor of New York colony on his newspaper. He went through trial and was declared innocent.
• The Zenger Trial was the 1st to protect the idea of freedom of the press in the colonies.
Government
Southern ColoniesWhy were the Southern colonies
founded?–To make money through cash crops
[Maryland was founded for
religious freedom][Georgia was
founded as a place for criminals/
debtors]
• John Rolfe—Englishman who introduced tobacco to the Southern colonies.
• He married Pocahontas.• The Southern Colonies had the largest slave population who
worked on the Plantations. Plantations grew cotton, tobacco, and other crops. Some of the Southern plantations were very big and consisted of the main house, slave quarters.
Society
Geography – Warm Weather– Fertile soil
• Great for growing “cash crops” (crops that make lots of money) such as cotton and tobacco.
– Very long growing seasons
– Bad harbors
Economic Activity
– Focused on farming cash crops like • Tobacco “brown
gold”• Cotton “white
gold”– Large farms called
plantations– Relied on slave
work to maintain plantations
A plantation
Virginia House of Burgesses—1619
• 1st legislative assembly in America (formal meeting between male delegates that represent the towns of the colony to discuss policies of the colonies.)
• Beginning of representative government
Government