ColonialColonialRegionsRegions

Environment, Culture, and Government.

But first,…the Glorious Revolution

Even today England has elected representatives (the Parliament) and a monarchy: (http://www.royal.gov.uk/ThecurrentRoyalFamily/Overview.aspx

While today’s monarchy has little governing power, the transfer of control to the Parliament was only finally assured in the Glorious Revolution of 1688.

While trying to seize more power form the elected government and tighten control over the colonies, King James II was ousted off the throne and replaced with his daughter by the Parliament.

This power of democracy over monarchs will inspire the colonies.

The Three Regions

New EnglandMiddle

ColoniesSouthern

Colonies

3 Types of Colonial Governments Charter Colonies – established by groups of

settlers who had been given a charter, or grant of rights and privileges. These colonies elected their own governors and representatives.

Proprietary Colonies– rules by individuals or groups to whom Britain had granted land. Power shared between proprietor and colonists.

Royal Colonies – Britain directly rules these colonies. Governors were appointed by Parliament and did what Great Britain demanded.

Only white men who owned property had the right to vote

New EnglandEnvironment

Small Farms on Outskirts of Towns Very Short Growing Season Rocky Soil – Long Cold Winters Well-organized Towns Town’s center was a piece of land called ‘the

green’

PRODUCTS Subsistence Farming

producing just enough to meet the need of a family

Timber and Ship Building Supplies (Rope, Masts, Tar)

Dried Fish Rum and other

Manufactured Trade Goods

PEOPLE Puritans Protestants who

wanted to reform the Anglican or English Church from within.

Pilgrims separatist who broke away from the Anglican Church and who believed in working hard and following strict rules.

Merchants, Manufacturers, and Lawyers.

New EnglandCulture

Charters – Governor could not veto acts of legislature

Royal Charter – ruled directly by England

The Mayflower Compact

The Fundamental Orders of Connecticut

New EnglandGovernment

MassachusettsRoyal Charter

New HampshireRoyal Charter

ConnecticutCharter

Rhode IslandCharter

Middle ColoniesEnvironment

Large Farms and Cities.

Medium growing season and cold winters.

Many lakes and rivers for transportation.

PRODUCTS Called the Bread

Basket of the Colonies.

Farmed Wheat, Oat, Barley and Rye.

Mining. Small-scale

manufacturing (iron works).

PEOPLE People from: England,

the Netherlands, France, Germany and Sweden (diversity).

Puritans, Quakers, Anglicans, Catholics, and Jews.

Middle ColoniesCulture

Proprietary – rule by proprietors

Religious Freedom and Tolerance

Freedom of the Press

Strong Courts

Middle ColoniesGovernment

New YorkRoyal Charter

PennsylvaniaProprietary

New JerseyRoyal Charter

DelawareProprietary

ENVIRONMENT Plantations. Long growing season

and fertile land. Warm for most of the

year.

PRODUCTS Farmed Tobacco,

Rice, Indigo, and Cotton.

Trade “cash crops” farmed on Plantations.

Purchased almost all their manufactured goods.

Southern ColoniesEnvironment & Culture

Southern Colonies

Culture

Anglicans English Plantation

Owners, Indentured Servants, Transported Criminals, and Slaves.

Royal and Proprietary Charters.

The House of Burgesses

Colonies run for the profit of the Joint-Stock Company or Proprietors.

Southern ColoniesGovernment Maryland

Proprietary

VirginiaRoyal Charter

North CarolinaRoyal Charter

South Carolina?

GeorgiaRoyal Charter

Triangular Trade A Triangular Shape

Trade Route Between the Colonies, West Indies, and West Africa.

From the West Indies, Colonists Traded for Sugar, Molasses, and Fruit (used to make rum).

Form West Africa, Colonists Would Trade Rum for African Slaves.

Merchant: A person who produces or trades goods (link: New England region).

Subsistence Farming: When a family grows only enough food to survive (link: New England region).

Diversity: Variety ( link: cultural diversity represented in the Middle Colonies).

Cash Crops: Crops that are grown in large amounts and sold for a profit (link: Middle and Southern regions).

Patroons: wealthy Dutch landowners in the colony of New Amsterdam now part of New York.

Colonial RegionsVocabulary

Indentured Servants: People who are brought to the colonies and must work to pay off the trip (link: colonial growth).

Overseers: Bosses hired to keep the slaves working hard (link: slavery).

Slaves: People captured in Africa and sold to plantation owners. The plantation owner saw them as property (link: southern economy).

Colonial RegionsVocabulary

England Starts to Tighten Control Over the Colonies

In the 16th & 17th centuries, European countries followed an economic theory called mercantilism – a view that a nation’s power depended on expanding its trade and increasing its gold supply.

To make certain only England benefited from trade with the colonies, in the 1650s Britain's Parliament passed a series of laws called the Navigation Acts that restricted the flow of goods in and out of the Colonies in favor of England.

The Navigation Acts To ensure that only England would enjoy the

wealth that could be squeezed from the Colonies, all trade was restricted in a series of laws called the Navigation Acts.

These laws required colonists to use only the more expensive English ships to send goods to England. In addition, colonists were ordered not to ship certain products to any other country except England. (colonists angry )

Many colonists responded to these laws by smuggling – sneaking goods in and out the country.

Family RolesMEN WOMEN

CookedMade butterPreserved foodSpun yarnSometimes held jobs (teachers, nurses, or maids)Single and widowed women could own property

Built barns, houses, and fencesHead of householdManaged farmInvolved in community affairs

Both

Worked in fields / Cared for children / Taught children farming task / Involved in decision-making in church

Ben Franklin Member of the PA assembly. Published Poor Richard’s

Almanac. Owned a newspaper Was a printer Founded University of

Pennsylvania Statesman-patriot Inventing the lighting rod,

bifocal lenses, a stove for heating

Founded hospital, fire department, and the first lending library

Growth of Faith vs. Science

Great Awakening Enlightenment

Religious movement in the 1730’s & 1740s.

Encouraged a return to the strong faith of earlier days

Led to the formation of many new churches

Preachers Jonathan Edwards and George Whitefield

A social movement

Knowledge, reason, and science could improve society

John Locke

ColonialColonialRegionsRegions

The End