Hurricane Microphysics: Ice vs Water A presenation of papers by Willoughby et al. (1984) and...
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![Page 1: Hurricane Microphysics: Ice vs Water A presenation of papers by Willoughby et al. (1984) and Heymsfield et al. (2005) Derek Ortt April 17, 2007.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070402/56649f225503460f94c3abb7/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Hurricane Microphysics: Ice vs Water
A presenation of papers by Willoughby et al. (1984) and Heymsfield et al. (2005)
Derek Ortt
April 17, 2007
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Background• Previous research on TC structure and intensity
has focused on the interaction with the large scale environment (e.g. Gray 1968, DeMaria 1996, Ortt and Chen 2007) or TC internal dynamics (e.g. Schubert et al. 1999 and Kossin et al. 2000)
• Recent work has focused on the inetraction of the large scale environment and internal dynamics (e.g. Nong and Emanuel 2003, Lonfat 2004, and Ortt and Chen 2006)
• The role of microphysics on internal features has not been well studied (and will be discussed today)
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Objectives
• To determine theoretically the differences on TC structure of ice vs water
• To determine if observed hurricanes match the theoretical model
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Theoretical Results(Willoughby et al.)
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Model Specifics• Non-hydrostatic and axissymmetric• 2km horizontal resolution for inner 100km, 55km from 100-
1500km from center, 1km vertical resolution• Governed by following equations
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Time Marching Scheme
Computational Grid
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Experiments
• W5A: Water microphysics, moist troposphere
• W5F: Water microphysics, dry troposphere
• I7A: Ice Microphysics, moist troposphere
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W5A W5F
MSLP
RMW
MEAN RAIN
MAX WIND
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W5F 34HR
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WF5 54HR
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I7A
MSLP
MAX WIND
RMW
MEAN RAIN
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44 HR
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WF5
I7A
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Summary• The use of ice microphysics produces structures similar to
observed TCs– Convective rings in the ice microphysical simulations
produce structures and inward propagation similar to observed TCs
– Downdrafts are caused by melting of ice
– Water microphysics produce fewer convective rings and faster inward propagation of secondary eyewalls
• Not all convective rings produce a secondary wind maximum
• Do observed TCs have characteristics similar to these model results?
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Observed Results(Heymsfield et al.)
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Data and Method• In situ observations from Hurricane Humberto,
part of CAMEX (see Jan, 2006 JAS)– Particle Size distribution (PSD) probes with 25 and 100
micrometer resolution– FSSP probe that records data from 3 to 45 micrometers– Cloud particle imager– DC-8 Doppler Radar with 60m vertical resolution
• Gamma and exponential functions fitted to the data
• Only fitted distributions with r2 > .8 used• Vertical motions determined by subtracting
vertical motions of the DC-8 from the data
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Ima
gin
g P
rob
e P
art
icle
Siz
e D
istr
ibu
tio
ns
FS
SP
Pa
rtic
le S
ize
Dis
trib
uti
on
s
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IWC
Slo
pe
of
Fit
ted
Ex
po
ne
nti
al D
istr
ibu
tio
ns
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AVHRR Satellite imagery
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Ice particles from cloud particle imager probe on 9/23
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9/23
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9/25 (0019-0032 UTC)
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Rain
Frozen
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Slanted lines: Constant IWC
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Summary
• Hurricane Humberto had high concentrations of ice particles
• Supercooled water droplets were confined to the strong updraft regions
• These updrafts match the results of Willoughby et al. in the numerical model simulations