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HURLBURT FIELD

RIFLE & PISTOL CLUB STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURE (SOP)

October 2012

Website for SOP, Calendar of Events, Range Brochures:

http://www.myhurlburt.com/ (then click on “Rifle and Pistol Club”) (http://www.myhurlburt.com/pages/rifleandpistolclub.html)

Rev (3) 13 June 2014

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On behalf of the 1st Special Operations Force Support Squadron (SOFSS) and the Hurlburt Field Rifle & Pistol Club Membership Advisory Council (MAC), welcome to the Hurlburt Field Rifle & Pistol Club. Our goal is to provide a safe and enjoyable range facility for our members. Collectively, we run a very safe (and strict) operation. Members are held accountable to a high standard of discipline therefore, compliance with this Standard Operating Procedure is critical. We respectfully request your cooperation to keep our facility a safe and disciplined club. I am normally available at the Club House on Saturday mornings and work a flex schedule during the week. If you need to contact me for any reason, please call me at 850-884-7629 or 850-217-1922 (cell). My mid-week office hours are Monday, Wednesday and Friday 0900-1200 (these hours are approximate). To confirm an appointment with me, please send an e-mail at least one day prior to Michael.Sheehan@ieee.org Thank you, Michael Sheehan, Range Manager

Your Membership Advisory Council (MAC)

Chairman CMSgt (ret) Bill Walter 217-5428 billwalter@embarqmail.com

Vice Chairman Lt Col (ret) Mike Radford 269-2113 radford56@cox.net

Executive Officer MSgt (ret) Jim Patterson 939-8788 jpattersonhfrpc@aol.com Chief

Range Safety Officer SMSgt (ret) Ed Fowler 543-1197 eddiear15@cox.net

Chief Training Officer CMSgt (ret) Ed Winkelseth 499-0225 chiefwink@gmail.com Range Manager Mr. Michael Sheehan 217-1922 michael.sheehan@ieee.org

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HURLBURT FIELD RIFLE & PISTOL CLUB STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURE

(SOP)

COMPLIANCE WITH THIS PUBLICATION IS MANDATORY

This Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) implements AFPD 34-1, Air Force Services Combat Support Program, by providing guidance for the operation of the Hurlburt Field Rifle and Pistol Club. Operational procedures, safety, base, and member responsibilities are listed in this SOP. These procedures apply to all personnel participating in any activity occurring on the HFR&PC range complex.

Responsibilities: All Hurlburt Field Rifle & Pistol Club (aka the Club) members are responsible for ensuring compliance with this SOP. Membership Advisory Council Members (hereafter called the MAC), NRA Certified Range Safety Officers and the Range Manager will perform periodic spot inspections of the Range Complex to ensure compliance. Club members are responsible for instructing their guests on the contents of this SOP. Violation(s) of this SOP or unsafe firearm handling may result in loss of range privileges, and/or appropriate administrative actions under the provisions of the UCMJ or Federal Law. NOTE: Our ranges are very busy and scheduled events may occur that restrict general range access. To confirm range availability, it is highly recommended that members check the daily range schedule before traveling to the range. The schedule can be found at this web address:

http://www.myhurlburt.com/ (then click on “Rifle and Pistol Club”, then click on “Calendar of Events”)

References:

AFI 36-2226, Combat Arms Program, 26 Feb 2003

AFI 91-202, The US Air Force Mishap Prevention Program, 1 Aug 1998

AFM 91-201, Explosive Safety Standards, 12 Jan 2011 AF 34-121, Other Recreational Membership Clubs Program, 19 Jul 1994

AFM 31-101, Security

HFI 91-203, Thunderstorm and Lighting Response, 15 Jun 2001

HFI 13-201, Airfield Operations, 27 Nov 2010

Eglin Test Directive No. 9994T F32

Florida Statutes, Chapters. 790 and 784.05

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Table of Contents Manager’s Welcome 2

Responsibilities and References 3

Section 1: Organizational/Club Role 5

Section 2: Membership Eligibility/Badges 7

Section 3: Range Capabilities and Common Procedures 9

Section 4: Firearms and Ammunition Restrictions 16

Section 5: Firing Limitations and Prohibitions 17

Section 6: Transporting Firearms To and From Firing Lines 18

Section 7: Range Operating Hour Restrictions 20

Section 8: Placing Ranges in Operation 21

Section 9: Range Commands and Conduct on Firing Line 26

Section 10: Safety, Standardization and Rules Enforcement 30

Section 11: Leaving the Range 35

Section 12: Spectators, Paid Guests and Dependents 37

Section 13: Special Procedures and Qualifications 40

Section 14: General Policy, Restrictions and Prohibitions 44

Section 15: Range Maintenance 46

Appendix A: Club Officer Roles & Responsibilities 47

Appendix B: Club-Sponsored Events 51

Appendix C: Universal Firearms Handling Rules 52

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SECTION 1: ORGANIZATIONAL/CLUB ROLE

1.1. The Hurlburt Field Rifle & Pistol Club exists to:

a) Promote firearms handling safety, familiarity, and marksmanship among military members, their

dependents, eligible personnel and authorized guests. b) Instruct basic small arms firing techniques and marksmanship. c) Conduct and encourage small arms competition among military members/organizations and civilian

competitors in cooperation with the Florida Sport Shooting Association, USA Shooting, the National Rifle Association of America (NRA), and the Civilian Marksmanship Program (CMP).

d) Advance competitive shooting programs among military members and U. S. citizens, contributing to national defense and public safety.

e) Ensure safe firearms and ammunition transportation and storage practices. f) Promote good sportsmanship and community relations.

1.2. Role of the 1ST Special Operations Force Support Squadron (1 SOFSS): The Community Services Flight manages the Club ranges through the Outdoor Recreation Activity. These ranges are the property of the 1st Special Operations Wing and are known as the Hurlburt Field Rifle and Pistol Club Ranges.

1.3. Hurlburt Field Rifle & Pistol Club definition: 1st Special Operations Wing/HFR&PC ranges and facilities are utilized by a specific group of authorized personnel known collectively as the Hurlburt Field Rifle & Pistol Club.

1.4. The HFR&PC is an official Hurlburt Field organization which falls under the command of the 1st SOFSS. Other Hurlburt Field organizations are authorized range access provided financial compensation is completed through the 1 SOFSS and de-confliction with the Club MAC has been made.

a) Club membership is a privilege and all members and authorized guests must exercise strict

adherence to this SOP to ensure standardized and safe operations.

b) Any member demonstrating a lack of discipline, safe conduct, professionalism, or regard for fellow members, will be evaluated by the MAC for administrative action.

c) Military members may have membership privileges revoked and actions reported to the 1 SOFSS Commander and/or routed through respective command structures.

d) Retired, Civil Service or Dependent members will be reported to the 1 SOFSS Commander for action and possible disbarment from Club facilities.

1.5. Funding Sources: The Club is required to be a self-sustaining operation; therefore, sufficient revenue is essential to fund daily operations. Revenue generated by Club annual membership dues, special events, and guest pass sales provides funds for operations and maintenance through the management of the 1 SOFSS Outdoor Recreation Activity.

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1.6. Operations of the Club Ranges: Daily operations and maintenance of ranges and facilities are the combined responsibility of 1 SOFSS employees and all Club members.

a. The Club House is accessible by all club members via lock box on the Club House door.

b. All club members are provided the combination to the key box when initially joining the club or renewing their annual membership.

c. For safety reasons children less than 10 years of age are NOT ALLOWED on or near firing lines whenever the ranges are in active use (“HOT”).

d. Children are authorized in the Club House at all times. Parents or Guardians of children must ensure children are not left unattended at any time.

e. Toys, games, books and children’s videos are maintained in the Club House for dependent children and their parents.

f. Children less than 18 years of age must be accompanied by their sponsors at all times while on Club ranges.

g. Since minor children are presumed to be occupying the Club House at any time, firearms and ammunition are NOT allowed in the Club House.

h. Certified Instructors conducting MAC-approved special classes may be allowed to bring training firearms into the club house under very tightly controlled conditions.

1.7. Mandate to Guard Against Trespassers:

Members must report trespassers discovered firing on the range(s). Trespassers must be reported to 1st SOW Security Forces immediately at 884-7777. Tell Security Forces there is a trespasser (possibly armed) on the range and they will respond accordingly.

Toys, games, books, and videos are on hand in the Club House for accompanied minor children under ten years of age who are not allowed on the firing lines. Special classes and quarterly meetings are held in the club house.

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SECTION 2: MEMBERSHIP ELIGIBILITY 2.1. Personnel eligible for membership:

a) Active duty and retired military members and their dependents. b) National Guard or Reserve personnel c) Department of Defense Civil Service personnel (Active and Retired) d) Contractor personnel authorized unrestricted-access to Hurlburt Field.

2.2. Joining time and location: a) Initial joining and annual renewal is accomplished almost every Saturday between 8:00 and

10:00 AM at the range clubhouse. b) Anyone unable to join on Saturday morning can contact the Range Manager (see page 2) to

schedule an appointment to join during the week.

2.3 Membership Types: Since members are permitted use of range facilities without the presence of the Range Operations staff, all members are required to be trained and qualified to act as a Range Safety Officer (RSO) before they can fire. There are two levels of RSO qualification.

a) “Basic Member” Qualification: Permits range privileges for the member only. No dependent or guest privileges are allowed under any circumstance. This training level is set for individual privileges only. Training and testing consists of an open-book written exam and video presentation. Training and testing is an annual requirement for all members. Members passing all training requirements are qualified to the basic level of Default Range Safety Officer.

b) “Sponsor Member” Qualification: Permits dependent and guest privileges. Sponsor Members are responsible for the safe conduct of non-members; therefore, these members are held to higher standards of training and discipline. In addition to passing basic member qualification, members must complete additional training and testing prior to sponsoring dependents and guests. Sponsor Members must actively control and supervise their dependents/guests as Club-Certified Range Safety Officers.

(1) Sponsor members must complete 2 hours of Range Safety Officer training consisting of lecture, performance/demonstration on the firing line and a written test.

(2) Once qualified, members will retain the qualification without further training but are required to complete an annual written exam to retain qualification.

(3) Members passing all sponsor responsibility requirements are qualified to operate as Club-Certified Range Safety Officers capable of supervising and controlling non- members in a safe manner.

(4) Sponsor Membership training sessions will be scheduled by the Range Manager on an as-needed basis.

(5) Basic Members must contact the Range Manager to schedule Sponsor Membership qualification training

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Membership Fee Schedule

Type Dues/Fees Training Requirements

Basic Member Individual membership privileges only ( no dependent or guest sponsorship allowed)

$75 Annual

1 hr training required. Training qualifies member to serve as a “Default Range Safety Officer”.

Sponsor Member Training Adds dependent and paid guest sponsorship privileges

Included in

basic membership

2 hrs additional training required. Training qualifies member as “Club-Certified Range Safety Officer”

Advanced Pistol Firing Qualification Test Adds holster-draw and “double-tap”

Included in

basic membership

4 hrs additional testing to include a physical live-fire demonstration to qualify for specific firing privileges (see section 13 for details)

Restricted Rifle Qualification Test Adds ability to fire ammunition that exceeds 7.62 x 51mm (M80) NATO

Included in

basic membership

1 hr training and testing required. A physical live fire test is required. (see section 13 for details)

Daily “lane share” Guest Fee (sponsor qualified members only)

$5 per visit See section 12 for details

Dependent “lane share” fee (sponsor qualified members only)

No charge See section 12 for details

Requalification testing for safety violation

No charge 1 hr additional training required. See section 10 for details

Club Badges: Everyone must display a club badge at all times when using range facilities. (Membership expires the last day of the month shown on the badge)

Badge Color Codes

Basic Member

White

Sponsor Member and Club Certified RSO

Orange

Lane Share Dependent and Paid Daily Guest

Yellow

Restricted Rifle Qualified Blue

Advanced Pistol Firing Qualification

Red

Membership Advisory Council Green

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SECTION 3: Range Capabilities and Common Procedures General Information: Range A consists of ten firing lanes with targets placed at typical self defense training distances. Firing lanes are protected laterally by armor plate encased in wooden walls. Range B consists of twenty lanes (six lanes at 100 yards and fourteen at 200 yards) with shooting benches primarily positioned on odd numbered lanes. 3.1. Range Access: Both ranges are designed for single point firing line entry and single point down-range entry. Personnel will not access firing lines or ranges by evasion of the single point entry gates.

a). Range A has a secondary gate to permit range maintenance. This gate is NOT a primary entry point and must remain closed at all times when the covered firing line is “HOT”.

Range A single point entry (left.). Range B single point entry (right). Badges are required

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b). Range B has a secondary entry gate to allow vehicle access to the range. This gate is NOT a primary entry point and must remain closed at all times when the covered firing line is “HOT”.

NOTE: Personnel conducting special events occurring forward of the covered firing line will ensure this gate is open during live firing to allow participant access.

c) Range B is equipped with a gate (pictured below) designed to close access to the covered

firing line whenever special events are in progress forward of the covered firing line. Personnel WILL NOT enter the covered firing line when this gate is closed.

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Common Procedures for Ranges A and B 3.2. NOTE: The first shooter of the day on each range must perform a range and bullet trap inspection prior to firing (see section eight for details). 3.3. The Yellow Line is a safety threshold

a) Uncased firearms are NOT allowed behind the yellow line at any time.

b) Personnel will NOT cross the yellow line when the line is “COLD”.

c) Personnel arriving while the line is cold may place their cased firearm on the yellow line, but WILL NOT open the case for any reason when the line is “COLD”.

3.4 The Red Line is a safety limit

a) Personnel will not step across the red line at any time for any reason unless an emergency situation requiring immediate action occurs.

b) Firearm muzzles may extend beyond the red line.

3.5. Firing Line Isolation System

a) A firing line isolation system is used to signify line status and mitigate risk of personnel handling firearms when the line is “COLD”.

b) The system consists of yellow colored cables and a single point down-range access gate. c) Qualified club members (i.e., no guests/dependents) are the only personnel authorized to

operate this system. d) The firing line isolation cable is a vertical extension of the YELLOW LINE. It must be fully

deployed before the line is called “COLD” . Once deployed, personnel WILL NOT reach over/under the cable to access ANYTHING forward of the yellow line.

e) The single point down-range access gate will be latched in the closed position at all times when

the line is hot.

The firing line isolation system consists of yellow colored cables affixed to spring loaded retractor spools. These cables are considered vertical extensions of the yellow line. This system is operated by Default RSO/Club RSO only. The single point down-range access gate will be latched in the closed position at all times when the line is hot.

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3.6: Condition Specific Responsibilities

a) Arriving on range when the firing line is “HOT” (1) Shooters can enter and exit shooting stalls/lanes at any time the line is “HOT”.

(2) Shooters may uncase their firearms, but only when forward of the yellow line.

b) Arriving on range when the firing line is “COLD”

(1) Shooters WILL NOT enter shooting stalls/lanes anytime the line is “COLD”.

(2) Shooters arriving when the line is “COLD” may place their CASED firearm and equipment ON THE YELLOW LINE before going downrange to put up a target.

(3) Firearms and equipment WILL NOT BE PLACED IN THE WALKWAY behind the

yellow line.

(4) Crossing the yellow line when the line is “COLD” is prohibited (including reaching into a stall for any reason).

(5) FIREARMS WILL NOT BE CASED, UNCASED, HANDLED, OR TOUCHED WHILE

THE LINE IS “COLD”.

(6) Firearms will not be cased or uncased at any time behind the leading edge of the yellow line.

Personnel arriving on range when the line is “COLD” may place their equipment on the yellow line but will not open or uncase a firearm until the line is declared “HOT” by the Default RSO.

Firearms and equipment will not be placed in the walkway behind the yellow line at any time.

Leading Edge of the Yellow Line

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3.7. Specific Default RSO/Club RSO Responsibilities

a) The Default RSO (qualified member on the right) is responsible for operation of the firing line isolation cables and the single point downrange access gate.

(1) The Default RSO may pass responsibility to another qualified member if desired; if so,

that member becomes the Default RSO regardless of position on the firing line. (2) The Default RSO will ensure all personnel have returned from downrange and are

accounted for before closing the single point downrange access gate and stowing line isolation cables.

(3) Range A utilizes a single cable and Range B utilizes two cables. (4) The cables must be fully deployed before the line is declared “COLD” and fully stowed

before the line is called “HOT”. The cables will NOT be partially deployed at any time.

3.8. One member, one lane: Members will occupy ONE LANE at a time, regardless of lane vacancies or inactivity. Guests will share the members lane at all times (see guest procedures for details). 3.9. Target stands: Target frames and number boards are NOT targets and will NOT be fired upon. Target stands are fixed and WILL NOT be moved or re-positioned by any member. Members WILL NOT place privately owned target frames on the range. 3.10. Authorized targets: The following targets are authorized for use on Club Range. Any commercially available or “home-made” paper, plastic or cardboard target, provided it does not exceed the dimensions of the club-provided target backer.

Firing Line Isolation Cables must be fully deployed before the line is declared safe. They will not be partially deployed at any time.

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3.11. Prohibited targets: The following targets are prohibited on Club ranges:

a) Glass targets of any type.

b) Clay pigeons or any target that causes excessive debris.

c) Metal targets of any type.

d) Soft drink cans, boxes, or any type of trash.

e) Any target deemed inappropriate for military or sporting use or offensive in nature.

3.12: Firing lane alignment: Members must ensure they fire on the same target number as their lane number. Cross firing from one lane to another is strictly prohibited, regardless of lane vacancies or inactivity.

a) NOTE: it is absolutely essential ALL BULLETS impact in the traps.

b) Proper firing lane/target alignment is mandatory to ensure bullets pass through the targets and impact the rubber in the traps.

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Targets will be affixed to club provided backers and will not exceed the dimensions of the backer. Members may use privately owned backers over the top of club backers provided they are the same size or smaller than the club-provided backer.

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3.13. Bullet traps

a) Both ranges are equipped with bullet traps containing granulated rubber. b) The rubber is flammable; therefore firing incendiary or tracer ammunition is prohibited. c) The traps require regular service and monthly maintenance (see Section 15 for details) d) When the traps have reached capacity and bullet stopping capability, the range will be closed

as necessary for trap clean-out. e) The wooden structure over the trap will NOT be fired upon; bullet hits cause high levels of

damage to the wood and result in expensive repairs.

Supply bin and deflector

Range A employs one ten target bullet trap (above left). Typical bullet trap construction (above right). Range B employs two each 3 target, 100 yard bullet traps and one 200 yard, 14 target bullet trap. (right)

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SECTION 4:

FIREARM & AMMUNITION RESRICTIONS 4.1: Authorized firearms & ammunition:

a) Black powder rifles, pistols and revolvers.

b) Rim fire rifles, pistols and revolvers.

c) Center fire rifles, pistols and revolvers.

d) Shotguns (with shoulder stocks, and only if firing single slug).

e) Pellet rifles, pistols, or revolvers or “BB” guns. f) Any type of jacketed, frangible, or lead “ball” type ammunition and air gun pellets/”BB’s”.

4.2: Prohibited firearms & ammunition:

a) Any firearm capable of exceeding the maximum parabolic trajectory and downrange footprint M80 7.62 x 51mm NATO ball ammunition fired at a muzzle velocity of 2700 feet per second at sea level (unless restricted-rifle qualification training has been completed) (see section 13 for details).

b) 0.50 cal Browning (12.7 x 99mm) c) Shotguns firing any type of shot or multiple projectiles. d) Shotguns without a shoulder stock (pistol grip shotguns) e) Paint ball guns of any type f) Fully automatic firearms of any type (unless fired in the semi-automatic mode). g) Any semi-automatic firearm equipped with “Hellfire” or similar trigger devices that pre-

empt factory designed safety features to permit rapid firing. h) Incendiary, tracer, or explosive ammunition of any type. i) Any firearm not equipped with sights or adequate aiming/sighting apparatus.

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SECTION 5: FIRING LIMITATIONS AND PROHBITIONS

NOTE: HFR&PC ranges are for aimed, PRECISION FIRE ONLY.

5.1: Activity allowed on the Short Distance Precision Range (Range “A”): Pistol shooting has priority on Range “A”; however, any firearm permitted by this SOP can be fired on Range “A”. . 5.2: Activity allowed on the Long Distance Precision Range (Range “B”): Only rifles, scoped or iron-sighted shotguns (firing single slug only), and scoped or iron- sighted long range specialty pistols capable of sufficient accuracy levels at 100 and 200 yards are allowed on Range “B”. Authorized and controlled special events conducted near the bullet traps are exempt from this restriction.

5.3. Prohibition against indiscriminate fire: Un-aimed or indiscriminate fire has a high probability of impacting the wooden structure surrounding the bullet traps or leaving the range complex; therefore, it is prohibited.

5.4. Indiscriminate fire is defined as:

a) Using any firearm without sights or without employing sighting devices, or by firing very rapidly as to not allow proper sight alignment between shots.

b) Firing from the hip, chest, or any other position which does not allow for proper visual sighting.

c) Firing “quick draw” style without using sights or bringing the firearm’s sights into the shooter’s visual sighting plane.

d) Firing any firearm “gangster style”; i.e. holding the firearm sideways without using sights. 5.5. Double Tap and Holster Draw on Range A Procedures are in place that allow ‘club members’ that have been certified by the NRA- Certified Chief Range Safety Officer as having completed the requirements for the Advanced Pistol Firing Qualification club badge to:

a). fire Double Tap from any lane on Range A b).draw their handguns from ‘approved’ holsters in lane 3, 8, and 10 only.

5.6. Double Tap and Holster Draw pre-qualification and qualification process

There is a 2-step qualification process for ‘club members’ to become certified to accomplish Double Tap and Holster Draw (See Section 13 for details)

a).Step 1 is the demonstration of the member’s ability to safely draw from a holster and place two rapid shots (“Double Tap”) on target at 7 yards. Step 1 is performed on the morning of the ‘Action Pistol’ match on Range A at 0700 SHARP.

b).Step 2 is the demonstration of the member’s general firearm handling capability (monitored over an extended period of time) during the member’s participation in an Action Pistol’ match that is conducted on Range B on a given Saturday each month.

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SECTION 6: TRANSPORTING FIREARMS TO AND FROM FIRING LINES

6.1. Firearms and ammunition may be transported off base in accordance with current Florida Statutes Chapters. 790 and 784.05. and, on base, per Federal Law and HFI 31-101.

a) WARNING! Firearms must be UNLOADED, and SECURELY ENCASED for all transport.

b) “Securely encased” is defined as; in a zippered gun case or in a closed box, bag or container which requires a lid or cover to be opened for access.

c) Firearms must be transported to and from your vehicle to the firing line in a case, bag or box. d) WARNING! All Concealed Weapons Licenses are not valid on Hurlburt Field. e) WARNING! Entering Hurlburt Field with a loaded privately-owned weapon is a federal

crime.Violators will be detained/arrested and charged with a FEDERAL FELONY. f) WARNING! Firearms can be taken out of a case, bag or box only on the firing line, when

forward of the yellow line and only when the line is “HOT”.

MANDATORY: Transporting cased firearm to/from firing line. Firearm case WILL NOT be opened for any reason until forward of the yellow line when the firing line is HOT.

PROHIBITED Possession of uncased firearm anytime when not on firing line or behind the yellow line when on the firing line.

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Examples of “securely encased” handguns

Prohibited: Transport in a holster is NOT “securely encased”

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SECTION 7: RANGE OPERATING HOUR RESTRICTIONS

7.1 Temporary Conditions of the Range. The ranges can be closed temporarily for maintenance and environmental work. Access may also be restricted when the range is rented for military training use or for special club events such as competitions or classes.

7.2. Range Closed Sign: If mission activity results in range closure, a sign will be posted directly in front of the entryway to the affected range. Members cannot enter ranges when signs are posted, the Range Manager, MAC Members and 1 SOFSS personnel are the only personnel authorized to open and close ranges.

a) Members WILL NOT remove “Range Closed” signs or barriers unless directed to do so by the

Range Manager.

b) Members will not enter ranges for any reason while signs/barriers are posted (unless directed by the MAC or Range Manager).

c) Scheduled range closures will be listed on the official club web site calendar; however,

emergency closures with less than 24hrs notice might not be listed .

DO NOT ENTER WARNING WARNING

RANGE TEMPORARILY CLOSED

TO LIVE FIRE WARNING WARNING

Special event in progress Range use restricted to

participants only

Check schedule at Club House for finish time

7.3. Special Event Sign: If at any time a scheduled special event is ongoing, a sign will be posted directly in front of the entryway to the affected range.

a) Members WILL NOT enter the affected range without permission of the Range Master in

charge of the operation.

b) Scheduled events will be listed on the official club web site calendar.

c) Unscheduled special events are not authorized.

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SECTION 8: PLACING RANGES IN OPERATION

8.1. Two-Driver Rule

a) At least two people possessing valid driver’s licenses and at least one operational vehicle must be

present on the range complex for all live-fire operations. b) The Range Manager on duty counts as a second driver, but military rental customers do not. c) The purpose of the second driver is to call emergency services or drive the other to the hospital in the

event of an accident. d) The second driver does not need to be a club member and can be anywhere on the range

complex as long as the shooter is monitored. e) If the second driver is not a club member, legal guest, or dependent supervised by a Sponsor

member, he or she is not allowed on the firing line unless responding to an actual emergency.

8.2. Routine Operations:

a) Ranges are normally available for shooting from sunrise to sunset, seven days a week b) Ranges can be closed for short periods throughout the year for maintenance activities (both ranges)

or military unit rentals (Range B only). c) Members should always check the current range schedule posted on the NoTAMS boards or

internet at: http://forums.delphiforums.com/rifleman1/start

8.3. Airspace/impact area de-confliction: In accordance with HFI 13-201 Airfield Operations, all Hurlburt small arms ranges are considered ‘HOT’ from sunrise to sunset daily.

a) Shooters witnessing any aircraft entering the airspace within 30 degrees right or left of range centerline (even if above 700 feet Above Ground Level ) will cease fire until the aircraft has passed.

b) Members must also maintain surveillance of the phones located on each range in the event Air Traffic Control (ATC) needs to close the range for unexpected air traffic transiting the impact area.

c) If the phone rings on either range, all shooters must cease-fire immediately, answer the phone, and follow instructions given.

8.3.1. New Control Tower Notification Procedures:

a) Club members will notify the Control Tower (884-4795/6440) prior to any range activation and immediately following inactivation.

b) Club members will call for an immediate ‘cease-fire’ if an aircraft is observed entering the area.

c) As the situation warrants, ATC will contact the range and operations will immediately cease. As soon as it is safe to do so, ATC will again contact the range and advise that operations may resume.

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8.4. Adverse weather procedures: If the base warning system (Giant Voice) is activated indicating impending weather hazards, lightning, or FPCON conditions the following actions are mandatory:

a) If a “Thunderstorms within 10 NM observed advisory” or a “Lightening Watch” is reported,

shooters must take precautionary steps to prepare for a “Lightening Warning”. Shooters may resume normal activities during this time, but must be prepared to terminate activities immediately if a “Lightening Warning” is announced.

b) If “Lightning Warning” is sounded, shooters will cease-fire, clear all firearms, and evacuate the ranges immediately. Shooters will also seek shelter in a vehicle until the “Lightening Warning” is lifted.

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8.5. Notice To All Members (NoTAM) bulletin board: Posted near the sign- in area of both ranges and inside the club house. Members must read this board for the current situation prior to every daily range session. The current range schedule is posted on the NoTAM board.

8.6. Bullet Trap Inspection:

The first shooter of the day will inspect the bullet traps in accordance with section three prior to firing.

a) Ensure the range is “COLD” (Safety cable fully extended and access gate opened) prior to proceeding downrange. If possible post a person at the entrance to the range to ensure the range remains “COLD”.

b) Proceed to the backside of the bullet traps to

ensure rubber is not piling up under any portion behind the trap. (It is normal for a thin layer of rubber granules to fall from the trap).

c) If granulated rubber is witnessed piling under the

trap, notify the Range Manager.

d) Visually inspect the metal framework of the bullet trap for loose or missing components.

e) Inspect the facing of the bullet trap for damage and loose or missing components.

f) Inspect the roof and support timbers for damage and loose or missing components.

g) Visually inspect the rubber granules in the bullet trap for a smooth ramping surface with no depressions that expose the steel backing material.

h) If metal backing panels are visible directly under

the deflector panels, the hopper may be empty and must be replenished before firing can begin. In this event, notify the Range Manager immediately.

Look for absence of rubber and gaps where you can see bare silver colored metal here

i) Visually inspect the shooting range, benches, tables, target stands, and facilities for damage or

signs of vandalism. 8.7. Range inspection log: After completion of the inspection complete the daily log indicating your name and the date of the inspection. Enter any discrepancies found into the daily inspection log. The inspection log is located at the sign in area on both ranges.

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Pre-Fire Checklist 1. Two-drivers must be present At least two people possessing valid driver’s licenses and at least one operational vehicle must be present on the range complex for all live- fire operations. The Range Manager on duty counts as a second driver, but military rental customers on Range B do not.

2. Raise the Red range warning flag A range flag is located adjacent to the range you will be using. The flags are contained in metal boxes mounted on the flag poles.

3. Read NoTAM board Review announcements or current changes or announcements posted

4. Sign in Prior to live-fire operations, all shooters must sign in on the “Sign In Roster” found in the marked boxes near the firing line of the range they attend to use.

5. Inspect bullet trap and range (if first shooter of the day)

6. Choose a firing lane but stay behind the yellow line if the line is “COLD”. Personnel can cross the yellow line only when the firing line is “HOT”. If the line is “COLD” and personnel are down range, do not cross the yellow line. Instead, ground your cased firearm and equipment on top of the yellow line.

7. Follow range commands by the Default RSO. The member on the extreme right firing lane is the Default RSO

Example of the pre-fire checklist found on NoTAM board

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Daily Range-Use Log ALL shooters must fill in name, date and time prior to firing

Name (print) Badge Expire date

Today‟s Date

Start Time

Stop Time

Lane used

Caliber Total Rounds fired

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SECTION 9: RANGE COMMANDS AND CONDUCT ON THE FIRING LINE 9.1 Ear and eye protection:

a) Hearing protection will be worn at all times when the range is “HOT”. b) Eye protection with side or temple protection is strongly recommended. c) Use of eye protection may be mandated by procedures of specific classes or competitions.

9.2. The member to the farthest right is the Default Range Safety Officer (RSO) and assumes the responsibility of calling ALL range commands. Club-certified RSOs can also act as Default RSOs.

a) Range commands are posted next to each firing lane. b) WARNING! The Default RSO will ALWAYS be a current club member! Guests can NOT

act as Default RSO. c) WARNING! The Default RSO will double check each and every firearm for compliance

with this SOP prior to calling the line “COLD”. d) Club-Certified RSOs may assist conduct of the firing line from any position on the firing

line, if coordinated with the Default RSO.

Empty Chamber Indicators (ECI) use is mandatory whenever the firing line is required to be safe and clear prior to personnel going forward of the red line. If an ECI cannot be inserted in the chamber of cleared firearm, it will instead be placed in a position to restrict operation of the firearm (i.e. open loading gate of SA revolvers or nipple port of most black powder firearms…if possible).

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Basic rules of conduct while on the firing line NOTE: During peak hours (when members are waiting to shoot) please limit your time on the firing line to one hour. Guest badge sales may be suspended by the Range Manager during peak hours to enable range access to members.

1. Treat all firearms as if they were loaded at all times.

2: Everyone remains behind the RED line when line is “HOT”.

3: Everyone remains behind the YELLOW line when line is “COLD”.

4: Do not aim/point a firearm at anything but a target.

5: Keep finger off the trigger until ready to fire.

6: Firearms may be handled, cased, or uncased only while the line is declared “HOT”.

7. Firearms will not be touched when the line is “COLD”

8: All uncased firearms must have Empty Chamber Indicators (ECI) installed IN THE CHAMBER before the line is declared “COLD”.

Example of basic rules of conduct found on firing stations

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BOLDFACE RULES are applicable everywhere, at all times. These four rules are absolute for professional and amateur

shooters and must be committed to memory.

RULE 1: The gun is always considered loaded.

RULE 2: Never allow your muzzle to point at anything you are not willing to shoot.

RULE 3: Keep your finger off the trigger until your sights are on the target.

RULE 4: Be sure of your target and what is beyond your target.

Example of BOLDFACE RULES posted on the NoTAM Board

NOTE During peak hours (when members are

waiting to shoot) please limit your time on the firing line to one hour. Guest use may be suspended by the Range Manager during peak

hours

Example of one hour restriction note posted on NoTAM board

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9.3. Mandatory Line Commands 1. “PREPARE FOR LIVE FIRE”

a) Visually clear the impact area and bullet trap b) Fully stow Firing Line Isolation cable(s) c) Ensure eye and ear protection are in place

2. “ALL READY ON THE FIRING LINE”

3. “THE LINE IS HOT” a) Shooters may move forward of the yellow line b) Shooters may handle firearms and fire.

4. “CEASE FIRE”

a) All firing will stop immediately b) Anyone can make this call

5. “UNLOAD AND SAFE ALL GUNS” a) Safety selector…………………….ENGAGED (if applicable) b) Magazines………………………….REMOVED/EMPTY (detachable/fixed) c) Chamber……………………………EMPTY/CLEAR d) Actions/cylinders…………………OPEN e) Black Powder firearms ………….DISCHARGED/EMPTY f) Empty Chamber Indictors……….INSTALLED g) Firing Line Isolation Cable(s)…..DEPLOYED (Must block all firing lanes)

6.“THE LINE IS COLD” a) Ensure all personnel remain behind the yellow line b) Open single point down range access gate

7. “SHOOTERS ARE CLEARED DOWN RANGE” a) Shooters may proceed down range at this time b) Ensure nobody crosses the yellow line/cable for any reason

WARNING! If a malfunction occurs that will not allow a firearm to be cleared, it must be trained in a safe direction at all times and considered “HOT” until it can be cleared. At no time will anyone walk in front of an un-cleared firearm nor will it be pointed at anyone. If all attempts to clear the firearm fail, contact 1st Security Forces at 884-7777 and ask for EOD support.

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SECTION 10: SAFETY, STANDARDIZATION AND RULES ENFORCEMENT 10.1. It is every member’s responsibility to ensure strict compliance with this SOP. Copies of this SOP are maintained on both ranges, near the sign in roster. A copy is available on line also on the 1SOFSS web site: http://www.myhurlburt.com/pdf/rifleandpistol_SOPfinal.pdf

10.2. Rules Enforcement: The Range Manager, Membership Advisory Council members and NRA-Certified Range Safety Officers will conduct periodic spot inspections to ensure compliance with this SOP.

10.3. Video Surveillance System A multiple-camera color/night vision digital video recording system is utilized to protect your club privileges from theft, vandalism, and trespassers. It is also used to support compliance with this SOP. The video is reviewed daily and members discovered violating safety or club procedures will be contacted for remedial action. Anyone discovered tampering, disabling, or destroying the video system will be prosecuted to the full extent of the law.

10.4. Procedural Violation Rules:

a) Member will be verbally instructed as to nature of the violation using this SOP as guide. b) Member may be assisted or given a warning by the individual discovering the violation. c) If the violation warrants, the member may be instructed to leave the range for the remainder of

the day and self-study the SOP before return. d) All violations of procedure will be entered into the RSO Log along with the date of

occurrence, a description of the violation and personnel involved. e) Procedural violations by any member may result in forfeiture of their club card to the Range

Manager and assignment of mandatory remedial training.

10.5. Direct Safety Violation (DSV): Members found violating safety procedures will be directed to immediately cease fire, clear and ground their firearm according to club rules, and immediately surrender their club card to the NRA-Certified Range Safety Officer on scene. Examples of Direct Safety Violations include (list is not all-inclusive):

a) Handling any uncased firearm when anyone is down range.

b) Failure to follow clearing procedures outlined in the SOP.

c) Possessing uncased firearms behind the yellow line.

d) Pointing a loaded firearm in an unsafe direction.

e) Indiscriminate or unsafe firing.

f) Possession of firearms or ammunition in the clubhouse.

g) Guest safety violation

h) Use of a known-unsafe firearm.

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10.6. Members Cited with a DSV will: a) Surrender their membership card to an HFR&PC Range Safety Officer or MAC member, who

will secure it in the Range Manager’s Office. b) Be suspended for a minimum of 30 days for purposes of self-study of the SOP. c) Have their Direct Safety Violation citation posted in plain view in the Range Manager’s Office

for a period of one year.

d) If a Sponsor Member, lose all sponsorship privileges for one year (including dependents). Sponsor Members cited for a safety violation will be downgraded to Basic Members after re- training is complete.

10.7. Restoration of Membership Privileges: After a 30-day suspension has elapsed, members wishing to restore membership will schedule an appointment with the Range Manager. Members will be administered a written remedial examination and view the range operations and safety video.

a) If conditions of the violation warrant, members may be required to meet face-to-face with the Membership Advisory Council before remedial training can begin. The Range Manager will inform the member of this caveat, if applicable.

b) Members must pass a “closed book” written examination prior to restoration of membership privileges.

10.8. Repeat Safety Violations Any member cited with two DSVs in one year may be required to meet face-to-face with the Membership Advisory Council.

a) The Membership Advisory Council will independently review the severity of each Direct Safety Violation to determine if additional remedial action, suspension, or revocation of membership is warranted.

b) Any member who accumulates three DSVs in a one-year period will automatically lose all membership privileges and will not be allowed re-join the club for a minimum period of two years. These members are barred from HFR&PC ranges and facilities.

c) Barred members may not participate in any firing operations on HFRPC ranges including firing as a guest of any other member, or during any club-sponsored event.

10.9. Penalty for firearms transportation violation

a) Florida concealed carry weapons licenses are not valid on Hurlburt Field.

b) Entering or traveling on Hurlburt Field with a loaded personally owned firearm is a Federal Felony.

c) Violators could be barred from base for up to one year and face serious legal repercussions.

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EXAMPLES OF MAXIMUM PENALTIES FOR RULES VIOLATIONS

Violation Category Penalty

Allowing unauthorized personnel to fire on ranges

Theft/Direct Safety Violation

Loss of membership for a period of one year

Trespassing (including expired membership)

Theft Criminal prosecution, banned from re-joining for a period of one year

Stealing of Club property Theft Criminal prosecution, loss of membership for a period of one year

Pointing a loaded firearm in an unsafe direction

Direct Safety Violation

Thirty day suspension, re- training via re-testing

Failure to follow clearing procedures outlined in the SOP.

Direct Safety Violation

Thirty day suspension, re- training via re-testing

Possessing uncased firearm aft of yellow line

Direct Safety Violation

Thirty day suspension, re- training via re-testing

Firing ‘Double-Taps’ or practicing ‘Holster-Draw’ without having successfully completed Advanced Pistol Firing Qualification

Direct Safety Violation

Thirty day suspension, re- training via re-testing

Permitting Dependents or Guests to fire ‘Double-Taps’ or draw from a holster

Direct Safety Violation

Thirty day suspension, re- training via re-testing

Handling, uncasing or casing a firearm when line is “COLD”

Direct Safety Violation

Thirty day suspension, re- training via re-testing

Dependent or Guest Safety Violation Direct Safety Violation

Thirty day suspension, re- training via re-testing

Significant procedural violation Procedural citation Re-training via re-testing

Firearms transportation violation Federal Felony Barred from base for one year

NOTE: Any Direct Safety Violation committed by a Sponsor Member will result in a downgrade to Basic Member privileges upon successful re- training. Sponsor Members will lose all dependent and guest sponsorship privileges after being downgraded to Basic Member.

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HURLBURT FIELD RIFLE & PISTOL CLUB RSO/MEMBER-REPORTED RULES VIOLATION

Violator’s name ___________________________________________

Membership expiration date__________________________________ Date/Time of occurrence____________________________________ Nature of observed problem (circle as appropriate)

1. Guest procedure violation 2. Handling a firearm when personnel are down range 3. Failure to follow clearing procedures outlined in the SOP 4. Possessing uncased firearms aft of yellow line 5. Pointing a loaded firearm in an unsafe direction 6. Indiscriminate/unsafe firing. 7. Other

Brief description of violation and witnesses: __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________

Your name (optional) ___________________________________________

Your phone number ____________________________________

Example of an RSO/Member Reported Safety Violation. The Range Manager will take appropriate action to remedy the reported violation.

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HURLBURT FIELD RIFLE & PISTOL CLUB RULES VIOLATION CITATION

Member Notification IMMEDIATE ACTIONS This document indicates you have been cited with a violation of Hurlburt Field Rifle & Pistol Club procedures.

You are directed to cease fire, clear and stow your firearms and depart range property immediately.

Upon being served with this notice, you are required to immediately surrender your membership card to the Range Safety Officer on scene.

Failure to surrender your membership card or failure to comply with RSO instructions WILL result in a call to the Hurlburt Field Security Forces Desk Sergeant for appropriate action.

A written report will be filed by the RSO to the Range Manager and video surveillance camera imagery of the incident will be secured by the RSO.

You are forbidden to re-enter firing lines until the appropriate actions have been accomplished.

FOLLOW-UP ACTIONS TO BE ACCOMPLISHED BY MEMBER

Depending on the severity of your violation, you may require re-training and/or lose your membership privileges.

Depending on the severity of your violation, you may be required to appear before the Membership Advisory Council and Range Manger.

To recover potential for continued membership, you must contact the Range Manager for further instructions, in accordance with the club SOP.

Example of a Direct Safety Violation Citation Member Receipt All members cited with a DSV will be given a copy of this document to advise them of required actions.

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SECTION 11: LEAVING THE RANGE

11.1. Post-firing range cleaning:

a) Before leaving the HFR&PC Complex, all shooters must pick up their spent casings and remove targets from the target stands.

b) Spent cartridge cases may be placed in the spent casing cans located on each range.

c) Spent cartridge cases placed in the cans become club property and will be disposed or recycled at the discretion of the Range Manager.

d) Do not place live ammunition in the spent casing cans.

e) Dud ammunition may be placed in the marked/locked red cans located on each range. Club staff will ensure proper disposal of “dud” ammunition on an “as required” basis.

f) Due to the presence of animals and for safety reasons there are no trash cans located on

the ranges … please take your trash off range.

g) Shooters wishing to dispose of used targets may discard them in the dumpster located in the parking lots of adjacent facilities.

h) Do not leave used target material at the range or on the target stands.

11.2. Signing off the range:

a) Upon completion of firing, all shooters must ensure they enter the number of rounds fired and caliber on the “Range Daily Use Log” located on the clip boards at each range. These numbers are used to determine maintenance intervals of the bullet traps.

11.3. Lowering range warning flags: a) If you are the last one to leave, ensure the individual flag on the range used is lowered.

b) If only one person remains on the other range, you must notify that shooter you are leaving. c) At that time, the range must become “COLD” in accordance with the “two

driver requirement rule”.

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Post-Fire Checklist

1. Ensure firearms are unloaded and clear and place them in a case, box or bag (only handle firearms while the line is HOT!).

2. Ensure firearms are cased before they are taken behind the yellow line.

3. Pick up spent casings and sweep area if needed

4. Sign out and annotate how many rounds you fired

5. Drop guest badges in lock box (if applicable)

6. Lower range warning flag (only if last shooter on that firing line).

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SECTION 12: Spectators/Paid Guests and Dependent “lane share” procedures

12.1. Spectators are unpaid guests. Spectators are not allowed on the firing line when the line is “HOT” and must remain behind the firing line fence during all firing operations. Allowing a spectator to fire is THEFT. Note: The remainder of this section applies to Sponsor Members only.

12.2. The purpose of the “dependent lane share” system is to allow qualified members the ability to periodically instruct their dependents in household firearms handling, safety and self defense. Eligible dependents wanting routine unlimited access are encouraged to become Basic Members of the club.

12.3. The purpose of the “paid guest” system is to allow qualified members the ability to periodically sponsor guests and non-dependent relatives who are visiting or otherwise not eligible to join the club. Eligible personnel desiring regular range access are encouraged to become basic members of the club.

a. WARNING! Sponsoring a paid guest carries a high level of member responsibility.

Members are responsible for dependent and guest conduct and will be held accountable for any unsafe behavior of their dependents and guests.

12.4. Sponsor Members are authorized a maximum of ONE DEPENDENT or PAID GUEST ON THE FIRING LINE at a time. If more than one dependent or paid guest accompanies a member, additional dependents or guests must remain behind the firing line fence on either Range A or B, as appropriate, while the line is “HOT”.

12.5. Dependents of Sponsor Members must view the operations training video, sign a Hold Harmless agreement, and responsibility agreement and show proof of dependent status to the Range Manager prior to any live-fire operations. Upon completion of training and documentation, the Range Manager will issue a “lane share” badge to each dependent.

12.6. Dependents possessing a club-issued dependent badge are allowed “lane share” privileges at no charge, however non-dependent relatives and guests must pay the daily guest fee BEFORE firing begins.

12.7. Every firing guest is required to pay the daily fee. “Sharing” of a single badge by multiple guests is THEFT.

12.8. Members who commit theft will be expelled from the club and will be barred from HFR&PC facilities for a period of one year. Expelled members cannot participate in any activity on HFRPC ranges as a member, guest or participant of a special event.

12.9. Daily “Paid Guest” Badges can be purchased on the “honor system” at the Range A sign in station anytime. Badges must be visibly displayed at all times while on the HFR&PC complex.

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12.10. Members are responsible for dependent and guest conduct and must supervise them “eyes on” at all times.

a) WARNING! Dependents /guests will not fire unsupervised at any time.

b) WARNING! Dependents /guests must share a single firing lane with their sponsor and will not fire simultaneously with their sponsor at any time.

c) WARNING! The only line command a dependent/guest can make is “CEASE FIRE”.

12.11. Guest Fee Schedule

Category

Fee

Conditions of Privilege

Daily guest $5 per guest Guests must share a firing lane with their sponsor who must accompany and supervise them at all times

HFR&PC Daily Paid Guest Sign-in Procedures

Steps 1-6 must be completed PRIOR to accessing the firing line.

1. Open envelope and unfold Hold Harmless Statement (which is taped to inside of flap of envelope).

2. Fill out the Hold Harmless Statement: Have guest to read and sign… Club Member to sign as witness.

3. Read Guest Pre-Fire Briefing Checklist (located on the NOTAM board) to your guest.

4. Pay fee: $5 per guest. Cash or check (Payable to: HFR&PC)

5. Fold Hold Harmless Statement w/payment into envelope and drop it into the lock box.

6. Fill out yellow ‘HF R&P Club Guest Card’ badge with red marker pen and attach badge to guest’s outer garment.

7. Guest and sponsor both sign-in on Daily Range Use Log.

8. When leaving the range sign out, and then drop the yellow badge into the lock box.

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Guest Pre-Fire Training Briefing (Sponsor Member must read to guest before firing)

1. As my guest, you must share my firing lane; you cannot fire from any other lane.

2. All firearms must remain cased until on the firing line and forward of the yellow line.

3. Firearms will NOT be touched when the line is COLD.

4. You must stay behind the yellow line when the line is COLD.

5. You must stay behind the red line when the line is HOT.

6. You must follow all range commands immediately.

7. You are not allowed to call any range command except “cease fire” (in the event of an emergency).

8. You must stop firing if aircraft are overhead or if animals or personnel are spotted in the impact area.

9. All bullets must be fired into the bullet traps.

10. This is a professional target range, please treat it accordingly.

11. Do you have any questions before we begin?

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SECTION 13: SPECIAL PROCEDURES AND QUALIFICATIONS 13.1. Restricted Rifle Requirements: If any member wishes to fire a firearm exceeding the maximum parabolic trajectory of M80 7.62 x 51mm ball ammunition, but less than 50 caliber Browning (12.7 x 99mm), they may do so only after successful completion of special qualification testing procedures.

a) Typical calibers REQUIRING Restricted Firearms Qualification (this list is not all inclusive; consult MAC for other restricted calibers):

• 30-06 Springfield • 300 Winchester Magnum • 7mm Remington Magnum • 300 Remington Ultra Mag • 7.62 x 54mmR Mosin-Nagant • 25-06

b) Typical calibers NOT REQUIRING Restricted Firearms Qualification • All cartridges designed for pistols and .22 Long Rifle) • 308 Winchester (7.62mm NATO) • .223 Remington (5.56mm NATO) • 7.62x39mm • 30-30 • 7mm-08 • .243 Winchester

13.2. Restricted Rifle Caveats

a) Members should coordinate with the Range Manager to schedule a date.

b) Special qualification certification consists of a performance exam and need only be accomplished once. (it’s not an annual training requirement).

c) Members desiring special qualification certification must bring rifle and ammunition and be prepared for approximately 1 hour to complete the evaluation.

d) Muzzle will remain trained on the bullet trap all times the rifle is loaded. e) All loading/unloading will be performed with the rifle pointing at the bullet trap.

f) All members must qualify via actual live-firing for accuracy and safety.

g) Since ballistic calculations will be made the following information will be required:

(1). Type of ammunition being used (mfr, caliber, weight, and bullet type)

(2). Length of bore.

(3). Height of centerline of optics above centerline of bore.

(4). Distance which the rifle is desired to be zeroed-in.

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13.3. Training Specifics/Prerequisites: a) For a given rifle/scope combination, shooters must present a current membership card, proper shooting

rests or equivalent device, hearing protection, sighting-in ammunition, and at least 20 rounds of ammunition.

b) All qualification shooting will be done at 200 yards on the standard 5V target. c) All shots fired for record must impact on the 24” square target. If one round misses the target, the test

will result in “failure to qualify”. d) Re-qualification can be done immediately provided the targets are repaired. e) Shooters requiring zeros may check their basic zero and make adjustments on Range “A” prior to

qualification (with Range Manager oversight). f) Member’s special qualification will be recorded in the main data base and a blue membership card will

be issued to the member.

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13.4. Advanced Pistol Firing Qualifications

a) This qualification is intended for skilled competition shooters who possess a need to train using techniques not allowed for the general membership.

b) Advanced pistol firing qualification incorporates very strict and controlled procedures for drawing and

firing from a holster and “double-tap” firing.

13.5. Advanced Pistol Firing Qualification, Holster /Rapid Fire Qualification Procedures

a) The following procedures are designed to determine if member is capable of safely drawing a loaded firearm from a holster and engaging a target with rapid follow-up shots. They are not intended to provide training.

b) Shooters are expected to possess the necessary skills when requesting qualification. c) While strict in nature, these requirements are not designed to intentionally limit a shooter’s opportunity

to train, but to help prevent the possibility of accidents or rounds being fired outside the trap impact area.

d) Member must have up-to-date membership and no DSVs within the previous 12 month period.

13.6. Equipment Requirements

a) Any handgun suitable for concealed carry (9mm or larger) b) Holsters must securely retain the handgun and orient the muzzle in a more or less vertical (muzzle

down) position. Cross-draw, shoulder, pocket and small-of-the-back holsters are not permitted. c) The NRA-Certified Chief Range Safety Officer (CRSO) will conduct qualification evaluations in

conjunction with a regularly scheduled ‘Action Pistol’ match. d) Before commencing with qualification, the CRSO will inspect each member’s firearm and holster. e) Equipment not meeting the above requirements will not be allowed. The CRSO has discretion to

allow or disallow holsters. f) If a member feels his holster should be allowed, he may request a ruling from the CRSO; however, the

holster in question will not be allowed until the CRSO has issued a ruling. g) Firearms must not have extremely light or “hair” triggers.

.

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13.7. Step 1 (Pre-qualification) Live-Fire Evaluation

a) This evaluation must be completed prior to participation in the ‘Action Pistol” match. b) CRSO will present a safety briefing designed specifically for the pre-qualification evaluation. c) The CRSO will conduct this evaluation in a one-on-one basis. d) With an unloaded handgun, member will demonstrate his/her ability to safely holster, draw, and re-

holster. e) CRSO will watch for any unsafe habits including muzzle sweeps across any part of the body,

exaggerated muzzle movement in any direction or early disengagement of the safety. f) Once the CRSO is satisfied, member will demonstrate proficiency by drawing a loaded firearm and

engaging the target. g) CRSO will observe the impact area as shooter fires two shots in rapid succession. h) As shooters have different skill levels, there is not a prescribed time limitation; however the CRSO

must be satisfied the shooter is not “gaming the system” in order to qualify. i) Rapid-fire qualification may be conducted simultaneously with holster qualification. Firearms must

meet the same requirements listed above. j) The CRSO will terminate qualification if any round does not impact the trap directly in line with

shooter’s position, more than two rounds are fired in rapid succession or any unsafe act is observed. k) Members failing to qualify may request another requalification attempt at a later date. l) A maximum of two qualifying attempts can be made in one year.

13.8. Step 2 (Action Pistol Match) Live Fire Evaluation

a). The Match Director will present a safety briefing designed specifically for and brief the course of fire for the match.

b). During the Action Pistol match the Match Director or Match RSOs will monitor each participants’

performance using the guidelines spelled out in Para. 13.7. c). After the Action Pistol match the Match Director will provide the Range Manager with a list of those

members that have successfully completed the Advanced Pistol Firing Qualification evaluation. d). Member’s special qualification will be recorded in the main data base and a red membership card will

be issued to the member.

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SECTION 14: GENERAL POLICY, RESTRICTIONS, AND PROHIBITIONS 14.1. Non-standard firing lines/Special Qualification Requirement: If a class, competition, or group of members deems it necessary to fire at short ranges or temporarily change the location of standard firing lines or target placement, they must provide a detailed plan to a the Range Manager and MAC for approval. For safety and operational reasons, the MAC will only authorize NRA-Certified Chief Range Safety Officers to move the established firing line or targets using published control procedures and parameters.

14.2. Smoking prohibition: Smoking or use of smokeless tobacco within 50 feet of the firing line is prohibited.

14.3. Use of “brass” deflectors: Shooters are encouraged to use brass deflectors or catchers to prevent impacting fellow shooters adjacent to their positions.

14.4. Climbing/mining of berms or bullet traps:

a) Climbing on the berms or bullet traps is prohibited except for maintenance purposes. b) Mining (collecting) lead from bullet traps is strictly prohibited and may only be performed by

qualified personnel during maintenance procedures. c) Spent cartridge cases placed in the cans become club property and will be disposed or recycled at

the discretion of the Range Manager. 14.5. Parking restrictions: Park vehicles in designated parking areas a minimum of 50 feet from the firing line to allow access of emergency vehicle/personnel (if needed).

14.6. Handicapped-access to ranges: Handicapped members may park vehicles less than 50 feet of the firing line to enable better access to ranges, but must not block access routes for emergency vehicles. Wheelchair access ramps are provided on both ranges as well as the Club House.

14.7. Personnel capacity: During periods of high range usage, individual time on the firing line should be limited to 60 minutes, thereby allowing everyone a chance to shoot

14.8. Alcohol/drug prohibition: Alcoholic beverages and persons under the influence of drugs and/or alcohol are not permitted on the range complex or parking lots.

14.9. Deviations to this SOP for Club-sponsored events: Any Club-sponsored match, event or class requiring deviation from this SOP must submit a written request and supporting rationale for the exception to the Membership Advisory Council.

14.10. Target house access: The “target house” buildings contain maintenance supplies and replacement target frames for club sponsored classes or competitions. These buildings will normally be secured and accessible only by maintenance personnel or Program Directors.

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14.11. Cleaning of firearms on range complex: Firearms may be cleaned while on the firing line AFTER ensuring the firearm is safe and clear, as outlined in this instruction. Members must not block firing line access to other shooters while cleaning firearms. When complete, members must remove all cleaning material including soiled patches, brushes and rags. These items are considered HAZMAT and must not be discarded anywhere on Hurlburt Field.

14.12. Cell phone use within 50 feet of the firing line is prohibited unless used in an actual emergency.

14.13. Intermediate stops while transporting firearms: While transporting firearms and ammunition on Hurlburt Field, personnel should not leave firearms or ammunition unattended at any time.

a) If an intermediate stop is needed (i.e. clinic in the event of an emergency) at least one person should remain with the firearms and transporting vehicle at all times.

b) Firearms will not be uncased or removed from a transporting vehicle unless on the range complex, Security Forces Armory or quarters (if a resident of Base housing.)

c) Firearms are not permitted in the Base Dormitories.

d) Members may transport small quantities (less than 1,000 rounds) of small arms ammunition on Hurlburt Field.

e) Ammunition will not be transported in the passenger compartment of a vehicle. 14.14. Coaching or training latitude: During MAC-approved classes and clinics, coaches may occupy more than one shooting lane/target to prevent excessive handling of firearms/equipment when performing demonstration-performance instruction. Coaches will not use more than one firing lane/target if it results in denied access to any member.

14.15. Reporting accidents:

a) In the event of an emergency, dial 911 and report the problem and ask for assistance.

b) Report all accidents to the Range Manager who will (in turn) submit a report to the 1st SOW Safety Office and the Outdoor Recreation Manager.

14.16. First Aid kits: First aid kits are available on both ranges and inside the club house.

14.17. The unofficial Club web site address is: http://forums.delphiforums.com/rifleman1/start

Please check the site frequently for news and announcements.

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SECTION 15: RANGE MAINTENENCE 15.1. Routine Maintenance Operations: The HFR&PC Complex can be closed temporarily throughout the year for downrange maintenance activity). 15.2. Monthly range maintenance/clean up

a) Regularly scheduled range maintenance and clean-up will be performed every first Saturday of the month at 11:00 AM.

b) Sessions last approximately one hour. c) Work normally consists of replenishing the rubber granules in the bullet trap hoppers and general

maintenance and repair of facilities and grounds. d) Members will report to the Range “A” sign-in station for an operations briefing and assignment

of duties. e) Members arriving after the operations briefing is complete will not receive credit for

participation. f) As members arrive, they will place their membership badges in a container controlled by the

Range Manager or his designated representative. g) Badges will not be returned until after the maintenance session is complete. h) After the maintenance session is complete, all members will re-assemble on Range “A”. i) The Range Manager will return membership badges and credit participants in the database for a

credit towards renewal of annual membership. j) Sponsor Members participating in more than one monthly range maintenance session during their

annual tenure will earn two guest passes per extra session. k) Earned guest passes do not expire and remain valid as long as the Sponsor Member maintains

current and qualified membership.

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APPENDIX A: CLUB OFFICERS A1. Club Officers: Club Officers include both voting and non-voting members who, acting together, constitute the Membership Advisory Council (MAC). The Chairman, Vice Chairman, Executive Officer, Chief Training Officer, Chief Range Safety Officer, and Competitions Program Director shall be voting members of the MAC. The members in these positions are elected by the membership; all other club officer positions shall be appointed by the MAC as required.

a) Officers serve in a volunteer position, and will not be compensated for their time, commuting or

other incidental expenses with the exception of the Range Manager and other Non-Appropriated Fund (NAF) Employees.

b) With exception of 1st SOFSS financial and operational oversight, the MAC shall have general

oversight of all activities of club membership. c) The MAC reports directly to the 1st SOFSS Commander and coordinates operations and

maintenance activities with the Director of Outdoor Recreation and Range Manager. A.2. Membership Advisory Council Procedures: The following rules apply to MAC election, service, voting requirements and removal.

a) MAC Elections: The voting members of the Membership Advisory Council shall be elected by

the membership of the HFR&PC on an annual basis. The following procedures will be used to conduct elections

b) Members desiring to be considered for office will submit a short resume of shooting-related

experience and the position they wish run for by December 1st to the MAC for placement on the ballot. This resume may also be posted on the bulletin board or on the club web page. The MAC will publish a list of those running for office by December 15th and make ballots available.

c) Officers wishing to remain in their current office will notify the Chairman by December 15th to

be considered. Elections will be held during the January quarterly meeting. All members must be in good standing to cast a ballot. Voting will be by written ballot during the January business meeting held on the first Wednesday of the month (if a holiday, then meeting will default to the second Wednesday). Members unable to attend this meeting may request a ballot at any time between December 15th and January 1st. Ballots will be counted by the Range Manager or designated representative. Newly elected Officers will assume office on Feb 1st of each year.

A3. MAC business Rules: The MAC is required to formally vote on certain club business. Votes may be in person, telephone or via email. The Executive Officer will record the votes and publish the results to the MAC or the general membership as required.

a) Condition when a minimum of four board members must cast a ballot: Non routine expenses or

new projects costing $200-$1000; approval of new Officers and RSOs. Simple majority required for approval.

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b) Condition when all board members must cast a ballot: Expulsion of Members; removal of Officers, new projects costing more than $2,500, changing the dues amount. Simple majority required for approval.

A4. Removal from MAC: Any Officer may resign by giving notice to the Chairman via email or letter. The MAC may also remove an Officer for the following reasons:

a) Inactivity: An Officer not performing MAC-required duties for a period of 90 days may be

removed. TDY or other events beyond the members control will not be considered inactive time. The Chairman will notify the Officer of the pending action and the Officer will have 7 days to respond. The Officer may request a personal appearance before the MAC and the Chairman will schedule a Special Meeting within 7 days of this request and notify the Officer of the time and place of this meeting. Upon voting of the MAC, the Officer will be advised of the results and notified of their right to appeal to the Director, Outdoor Recreation. The Chairman will submit a written report on the proceedings within 3 days to the Director, Outdoor Recreation

b) Misconduct: Any club member in good standing may prefer charges against any Officer.

The member will submit a written statement of the nature of such charges to the Chairman. The Officer named will be given a copy of these charges and have 15 days to respond. The Officer may request a personal appearance before the MAC and the Chairman will schedule a Special Meeting within 7 days of this request and notify the Officer of the time and place of this meeting. Upon voting of the MAC, the Officer will be advised of the results and notified of their right to appeal to the Director, Outdoor Recreation. The Chairman will submit a written report on the proceedings within 3 days to the Director, Outdoor Recreation

A5. Duties of Officers

The Chairman is the primary oversight and management authority of the MAC. The Chairman will:

a) Preside over meetings of the Club and of the MAC. b) Represent the MAC and general membership as a single point of contact with the Range

Manager c) Be a qualified NRA-Certified Range Safety Officer.

The Vice Chairman is the secondary oversight and management authority of the MAC. The Vice Chairman will: a) Assume the Chairman’s duties in his absence.

b) Be a qualified NRA-Certified Range Safety Officer. The Executive Officer will:

a) Maintain official club daily operations records and act as editor of the annual status report.

b) Be responsible for financial tracking, planning, and strategy. c) Be responsible for all public relations activities with other local Shooting clubs and

businesses. d) Attain Range Safety Officer qualification as soon as practical.

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The Chief Training Officer ensures all members and guests complete required training, and are the primary maintainer of the club SOP. The Chief Training Officer will:

a) Be responsible to ensure HFR&PC lesson plans, qualifications, guest procedures, open book examinations, and other forms are current and comply with USAF regulations and instructions.

b) Oversee and schedule all club member training events, and will coordinate with the Chief Range Safety Officer on all safety related issues.

c) Be responsible for ensuring that the SOP and AST Supplement to the SOP are kept current and accurate.

d) Appoint a Training or Safety Committee as required upon approval of the remainder of the MAC.

e) Be a qualified NRA-Certified Range Safety Officer The Chief Range Safety Officer is responsible for recruiting, scheduling and training of all club Range Safety Officers (RSOs). The Chief Range Safety Officer will:

a) Be the primary Officer responsible for recruiting new NRA-Certified RSOs and nominating them to the MAC for approval.

b) Be responsible to ensure RSOs are current in all required training and procedures are current.

c) Be responsible for scheduling all NRA RSO courses with the Range Manager. d) Track and report quarterly operational trends and RSO related matters.

The Competitions Program Director is responsible for the scheduling, promotion, and conduct of all matches and competitions. The Competitions Program Director will:

a) Act as the point of contact for all club sponsored competitions. b) Will publish match results on the club web site as required and will post upcoming matches

by the 1st of every month. c) Will make a quarterly report to the MAC on matches held and upcoming events. d) May appoint a Competitions Committee as required upon approval of the remainder of the

MAC. e) Shall be the primary point of contact for Office of the Director of Civilian Marksmanship

Program (ODCMP) programs and certification. f) Qualification as a Range Safety Officer is highly encouraged.

The Range Manager is a NAF part-time employee who interfaces directly with the MAC to accomplish routine organization, management and maintenance activities. The Range Manager is also a non-voting member of the MAC. The Range Manager will:

a) Ensure that printed Club forms are available in the Club House at all times and will assist during club member sign-up as needed.

b) Direct all monthly clean-up sessions and ensure documentation is completed. c) Inspect all range facilities weekly and make small repairs as necessary, and will coordinate

with the MAC to organize club volunteer work parties as required. d) Ensure that the Club House meets safety standards and performs monthly facilities inspections. e) Coordinate with pertinent base agencies to open and close the ranges as required for

downrange environmental or mission activities. f) Is responsible for scheduling range activities with military rental customers. g) Be a qualified NRA Certified Range Safety Officer

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A.6. The Youth Programs Chair is responsible for the scheduling, promotion and conduct of all youth- related events. The Youth Program Chair will:

a) Maintain all required equipment for use in youth shooting activities. b) Schedule all youth matches, training and events and will coordinate all matches. c) Coordinate with the Boy Scouts, JROTC, and other youth groups in the local area for use of

HFRPC ranges to promote youth shooting. d) Make a quarterly report to the MAC. e) Be a qualified Range Safety Officer and will also be a club and NRA-certified Instructor

(Rifle and Pistol). A.7. Meetings: General membership meetings are held on a quarterly basis at the Club House. Special meetings may be scheduled at any time by direction of the MAC if urgency is required. All special meeting announcements will be posted on the club website and on the range “NoTAMS Boards” at least two weeks prior to the meeting date.

a) Representation from 1st SOFSS is required for each quarterly meeting. b) Minutes of all quarterly meetings will be taken, reviewed, and published by the Executive

Officer. Minutes will be forwarded to 1st SOFSS Commander, posted on the club web site, and maintained in club records for membership reference/review.

c) During all meetings, three voting members of the MAC shall constitute a quorum. d) Resignation of any officer may be accepted by the remaining members of the MAC. e) A vacancy in the MAC may be filled by a majority vote of the remaining members of the MAC.

A.8. NRA-Certified RSO Requirements: Members desiring to serve as NRA-certified Range Safety Officers must:

a) Submit a request and short resume of shooting experience to the Chief RSO and be approved

by the MAC b) Complete the NRA Range Safety Officer course (training will be paid by applicant) c) Complete a written and practical exam on basic firearms knowledge, malfunctions, and the

HRF&PC SOP. d) Continue to strive to develop and maintain the highest level of firearms knowledge and

proficiency. A.9. Classes. The MAC may contract vendors to teach firearms classes. Such vendors must be knowledgeable on the SOP and local procedures. Any vendor conducting live-fire training on HFRPC ranges will either have a certified club RSO present or become a club certified Instructor.

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APPENDIX B: CLUB-SPONSORED EVENTS B.1. Scheduled, club-sponsored events: Every Saturday morning is reserved for club-sponsored events, but these events will be conducted on one range only. The second range will always be available for general club member use.

a) Club-sponsored events include escorted public access to competitions, classes, or other

special events, including military training.

b) All club-sponsored events will be posted on the NoTAMS boards at least two weeks prior to the event.

c) Personnel participating in HFR&PC sponsored competitions or classes may include guests;

however, their sponsor may fire simultaneously during the class/competition as long as a non-shooting range safety observer/range master controls the entire firing line.

d) Sponsors of organized competitions open to the public will ensure a pre-determined range

usage fee is paid to 1 SVS within five business days after the competition/class is complete.

e) All guests participating in club-sponsored events need not wear guest passes, but must remain under direct supervision of event organizers at all times.

B2. Organized event criteria. Any valid club member may conduct an organized event or training class. To do so, the HFR&PC staff and 1 SOFSS must approve competitions/classes at least two weeks prior to the planned event date. The event will be listed at least two weeks prior on the club web site and will be listed on the bulletin board affixed to the entrance deck of the Club House.

a) To be eligible, organized events must serve the primary purpose of supporting the general

membership of the Club.

b) Events such as competitions/classes that deny access to regular members for a period of time must monetarily compensate HFR&PC for services provided, range access denied, and range/bullet trap maintenance. Events that do not benefit/serve general club membership will not be allowed.

B.3. Conduct of organized events. Participants of HFR&PC sponsored classes or competitions must be pre-briefed on range operations and safety procedures prior to any live fire.

a) All civilian guests must meet eligibility requirements for entry to Hurlburt Field and must be

sponsored and escorted by a current Club member.

b) During specific Force Protection Conditions (FPCON) civilian guests may not be allowed access to Hurlburt Field; therefore, members wishing to sponsor competitions open to the general public should contact 1 SFS during their pre-planning process.

c) All events/classes must have at least one current regular member present to process guest base

access passes and supervise all classes or competitions held on HFR&PC ranges.

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APPENDIX C: UNIVERSAL FIREARMS HANDLING RULES Learn the Mechanical Characteristics of Your Firearm

It is important to become thoroughly acquainted with the firearm you intend to use, because not all firearms are the same. Know its mechanical characteristics as well as the mode of loading, unloading and carrying it safely. For example, depending on the model, a firearm may or may not have a manual safety. If the firearm does have one, the safety may be "on" when the switch is placed in an "up" position. On another firearm, it may be "off" in that same position.

Read the owner's manual for your firearm and get to know every detail. Never assume that what applies to one brand or model is exactly applicable to another. Ask questions about its function from the sales clerk or its previous owner. Take lessons. If necessary, write the manufacturer for a copy of the manual for your gun.

Treat Every Firearm As If It Were Loaded

This is a good way to always remember to be alert around firearms and never relax your attention to the principles of safe gun handling. If you treat every firearm, even the ones you know are unloaded, with the same degree of care that you would when it is loaded, you will not only avoid lapsing into bad habits, but you will also set the best example to everyone around you.

Also, there is always the chance that you might be mistaken in thinking a particular firearm is indeed unloaded. One common handling mistake associated with magazine-fed semi-automatic handguns is to assume the gun is unloaded simply because the magazine has been removed. All too often, a live cartridge is sitting in the chamber because the user failed to open the action (by pushing the slide to the rear) and visually inspect the chamber. This is the principal reason HFR&PC uses Empty Chamber Indicators.

Treating a firearm as if it is loaded also avoids potential accidents that might occur if someone, unknown to you, loaded a cartridge into the chamber when your attention was elsewhere. Another danger is that you picked up someone else's firearm by mistake.

In summary, this rule is designed to neutralize the accidental momentary lapse in attention to safety standards. It also protects against simple human errors that may occur if a loaded firearm is considered "unloaded" or "safe." Always perform safety checks to visually and physically insure that every firearm is, in fact, unloaded.

Always Point the Muzzle in a Safe Direction

This is paramount among the universal rules of gun safety under any circumstance. A "Safe Direction" requires a bit of common sense. The rule of thumb is that a "Safe Direction" is any direction that will produce no damage or injury should the firearm discharge. Think in terms of penetration, too. That means that if you consider shooting at something, make certain that there is no one or nothing you don't intend to damage behind or nearby your target.

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In general, the safest direction for the muzzle or front end of the barrel is pointing down range or toward the ground. Pointing a gun at a person is dangerous, and could be construed as a criminal threat.

Keep Your Finger Off the Trigger

Until you are actually ready to shoot, the safest place for your trigger finger is off the trigger and resting alongside the trigger guard. Avoid at all costs the natural tendency to place your finger on the trigger when handling or moving with a firearm. The trigger has one purpose: to fire the gun.

In a home defense of combat situation, if you are moving with your finger on the trigger and happen to stumble, fall, or run into someone, you could accidentally discharge the gun. Similarly, if you are startled or frightened by a sudden loud noise or movement, your natural tendency to tighten muscles under stressful situations may also cause you to inadvertently pull the trigger.

Never Rely on a Mechanical Safety

Safeties are mechanisms designed to prevent a firearm from firing. Many are designed to prevent accidental discharges when a firearm is dropped. Long gun safeties, in general, prohibit the trigger from being used. They often don't block the hammer or firing pin.

Never use a safety as a substitute for safe handling practices. Certainly safeties should be used. However, like any mechanical device, a mechanical safety might break or fail.

Two universally-acknowledged "safe" practices are to unload a firearm and to keep your finger off the trigger. Nevertheless, even when a firearm is checked and rechecked to insure it is unloaded, and even if your finger is resting solidly on the trigger guard, that firearm should be handled as if it were loaded and ready to fire. The same principle of treating the firearm as if it were ready to fire should be your rule of thumb, even when the safety is on.

Keep Gun Unloaded and Action Open Until Ready to Shoot

The "action" of a firearm is the working mechanism where the process of readying a cartridge for firing, firing, and extracting the empty cartridge casing takes place. In revolvers, this means swinging open the cylinder and removing the cartridges via the ejector. In semi-automatic handguns, this means removing the magazine, locking the slide back, and visually inspecting the chamber.

The same can be said of rifles and shotguns. Hinged or Break-action long guns such as over-and- under and side-by-side shotguns should opened to expose empty chambers. Semi-automatic or autoloading shotguns should have the operating handle pulled and locked to the rear so the chamber is visible. Slide or pump action shotguns should have the slide pulled rearward, exposing the chamber. Bolt action and lever action rifles, too, should be kept in a state where their chambers can be seen as clearly empty.

A firearm should always be kept unloaded until it is being used, whether at the range or prior to taking to the field in pursuit of wild game. Under no circumstance is it necessary to keep a firearm loaded before a hunt begins, after a hunt ends, or on the range when not actually engaged in controlled shooting.

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Know Your Target and What's Beyond It Whether on the range, in the field, or in the midst of a life-threatening situation, you must be absolutely certain of your target and the background beyond. If you don't know what your bullet will strike, don't shoot.

You must always be aware of certain characteristics of a bullet's trajectory or flight. Bullets can travel amazing distances. When fired from a rifle, the low-power .22 short can travel for more than a mile and a quarter, and three miles is the conservative distance a rifle using the 30-06 cartridge can send its bullet. Shotgun slugs have a range of more than half a mile, while pellets can fly some 500 yards.

If you are "plinking," that is engaging in informal recreational shooting, make certain that the background against which you are shooting will not cause ricochets that direct the bullet back toward you or towards areas you don't want struck. If the background beyond your target is solid rock or metal that is not angled towards the ground, there is a good chance that the bullet will pass through a paper target, hit the background, and ricochet back at you. Or, it may pass through the intended target and strike an unintended person or object beyond the target.

Do not shoot if buildings or populated areas lie along your bullet's flight path, as you will endanger people and property. Even shooting over a calm body of water is a very dangerous proposition. Calm water, like a smooth hard surface (such as a stone floor, street, or concrete wall) will cause a bullet to deflect and travel a few inches above and parallel to that surface for quite some distance.

When hunting, do not shoot at a sound or movement. Be absolutely certain of your target. That sound of rustling leaves may be a deer, or it well may be another hunter, camper or hiker.

Use Only the Correct Ammunition for Your Firearm

Mixing ammunition of different calibers or gauges, or using ammunition that is loaded to pressures too extreme for safe use in your firearm, is a formula for an accident that may destroy your firearm. Even worse, you could cause an accident that could injure you or someone else. All firearms are built and "proof tested" to standards based on factory-loaded ammunition. Using hand-loaded, reloaded, or higher-than-normal pressure ammunition may result in pressures that are too powerful for a particular model firearm. For example, .38 Special handgun ammunition marked "+P" or "+P+" may be the correct numerical caliber for your firearm, but unless your particular model is designed to withstand the pressures equivalent to a "magnum" load, chambering and firing such ammunition may result in your firearm literally blowing up in your face.

Another equally dangerous scenario involves loading a sub-size cartridge in your firearm. The smaller cartridge may slide from the chamber to the barrel and cause an obstruction in the barrel. If the correct cartridge is then chambered in the gun and fired, the gun could explode.

Always be sure the ammunition you are carrying is correct for the firearm you intend to use. Never store different ammunition together. Discard ammunition that has been soaked in water.

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Never carry more than one kind of ammunition, unless they are so different that they could not possibly be mistaken for each other. For example, .22 long rifle ammunition and 12 gauge shotgun shells are quite safe to carry together. But .40 S&W and 9mm are not. Neither are 12 gauge and 16 gauge shot shells.

Know What to Do in the Event of a Misfire

Understanding your firearm does not stop with normal functioning. Get familiar with worst-case scenarios such as what to do when the trigger is pulled and instead of the familiar loud "bang" of the shot being fired, a mild "pop" or no sound at all is heard.

If nothing happens when the trigger is pulled, any number of factors might be at work. The firearm might not be loaded, the chambered cartridge might have a defective primer, or the firing pin may be broken. Whatever the reason, you must determine what caused the misfire before continuing to shoot.

One approach, used by law enforcement officers when a semi-automatic firearm misfires, is the "rack and tap" method. That means to firmly grasp the slide and "rack" it to the rear to clear the chambered round and feed a new round. The "tap" is a slap with the palm of the non-firing hand to the bottom of the magazine to insure that the magazine is seated correctly.

Another possibility is that the "failure" to fire is a "hangfire," where a cartridge fires very slowly. This is more common when shooting black powder muzzle loaders. Regardless of the type of firearm, keep the muzzle pointed down range at the target for at least thirty seconds. Looking down the barrel or covering the muzzle with your hand during a "hangfire" is a dangerous proposition. After the 30 seconds have elapsed, begin to examine the firearm in a prudent manner.

If you heard a muffled pop after pulling the trigger, it usually means that the chambered round had a faulty or missing powder charge. Only the primer detonated. This is called a "squib" round. If that is the case, be very careful. The bullet might have traveled out of its cartridge case and lodged a few inches down the barrel's bore. If that is the case, the bullet must be removed to avoid a potential tragedy due to the obstructed barrel.

When a cartridge fails to fire, for whatever reason, remember to keep the muzzle pointed in a safe direction and never put your face close to the breech. Carefully open the action, unload the firearm and dispose of the faulty cartridge in a safe manner.

Wear Protective Ear and Eye Equipment

Eye protection, in the form of prescription or non-prescription safety glasses, is highly recommended. This is true whether you are shooting in a confined indoor range or in the field. Back splatter (tiny pieces of metal sent flying from the bullet's impact with the back stop) and flecks of unburned powder are only two examples of debris that can make their way back toward your eyes.

Plinking at a quarry or on a farm could send rock or wood splinters propelled back toward you. When shooting or standing near someone else shooting a semi-automatic firearm, spent and

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ejected cartridge cases can fly into your eye. They are heavy, they are tossed from the firearm's action with considerable force, and they are very hot. Serious shooters often wear large brimmed hats to keep flying "brass" out of their eyes.

Another safety concern is that the report, or sound, of a fired cartridge can cause serious hearing damage. Continual exposure to gunfire can cause cumulative nerve damage that, before the days of hearing protectors, often led to deafness.

You can purchase hearing protection in the form of plugs or "ear muffs" that cost anywhere from one dollar to nearly $100. Molded earplugs, custom fit to your individual ear, are especially effective. Some shooters prefer earmuff-style protectors over inexpensive plugs. Whatever your preference, get the best quality protectors you can afford, and wear them. Be sure everyone you bring to the range has both ear and eye protection, whether they participate in shooting or not.

Keep Firearm Free from Obstructions and Well-Maintained

Regular cleaning and proper storage are essential to safe operation. Failure to properly maintain a firearm is not only irresponsible; it could endanger you, your family, a friend or wildlife.

Always open the action and check to insure that no ammunition is in the chamber or magazine, and that nothing is obstructing the barrel bore. Even small amounts of oil, grease, mud, dirt or snow can cause extreme and dangerous pressures to build that can cause an injury to you or a companion.

A good habit prior to shooting is to run a cleaning rod and cloth patch down the bore to insure that it is free of any unwanted substance. Equally important is having a qualified gunsmith or armorer check the firearm to insure that all parts are functioning properly. Because a firearm is a mechanical device and is subject to wear, it is highly recommended that you have your firearm checked by a professional. Have it inspected for worn or broken parts, as well as needed adjustments.

Don't Modify Your Firearm

Tampering with a firearm may cause it to malfunction. Altering it from its original design may not only void its warranty, but it may be illegal. Do not jeopardize your safety, your firearm's functional integrity or your freedom by deliberately or inadvertently altering or modifying it from its original design.

It is a federal offense, punishable by time in prison, to do any of the following: disfigure the unique identifying serial number of your firearm, modify a firearm to fire in a fully automatic mode, and shorten a rifle or shotgun barrel below legal lengths.

Do not Mix Guns with Alcohol, Drugs, or Fatigue

Whether you are competing on the range, plinking, or hunting in the field, remember two extremely important safeguards. The first is that firearms combined with alcohol and illicit drug use is a dangerous and deadly mix. The second is beware of fatigue, particularly when hunting. Alcohol, drugs and fatigue impair your judgment and your behavior, and they exponentially increase the likelihood of an accident. Combining guns with any one of these compromises your safety, and the safety of those around you.