Human Physiology Physiology of the Kidneys Chapter 13.

Human Physiology

Physiology of the KidneysChapter 13

Glomerular Filtration

ANSWER

Two processes by which substances can enter the renal tubules: ____ and ________.


Two processes by which substances can enter the renal tubules: filtration and secretion.


ANSWER

A medication that increases urinary output is called a ______. Removal of extra fluid in this manner is likely to __-crease blood pressure.


A medication that increases urinary output is called a diuretic . Removal of extra fluid in this manner is likely to de-crease blood pressure.


ANSWER

Which of the following is filtered most readily by the glomerular capillaries?A. Red blood cells.B. Albumin.C. Glucose.D. All of these.


Which of the following is filtered most readily by the glomerular capillaries?A. Red blood cells.B. Albumin.C. Glucose.D. All of these.

Glomerular FiltrationWhich of the following is not true about filtration? I. The filtration rate of a non-renal capillary is greater than a glomerular capillary. II. Constriction of the efferent arteriole has no effect on the glomerular filtration rate. III. The filtration barrier filters based on size and charge. IV. Large proteins are not filtered.

A. I and II. B. II, III, and IV.C. I, II, III, and IV. D. I, II, and III.E. III and IV. ANSWER

Glomerular FiltrationWhich of the following is not true about filtration? I. The filtration rate of a non-renal capillary is greater than a glomerular capillary. II. Constriction of the efferent arteriole has no effect on the glomerular filtration rate. III. The filtration barrier filters based on size and charge. IV. Large proteins are not filtered.

A. I and II. B. II, III, and IV.C. I, II, III, and IV. D. I, II, and III.E. III and IV.

Reabsorption of Salt and Water

ANSWER

Solute concentration in the renal medulla may reach a maximum of ________ mOsm as compared to _______ mOsm in the renal cortex.A. 1400; 300B. 300; 1400C. 100; 1400D. 1400; 100


Solute concentration in the renal medulla may reach a maximum of ________ mOsm as compared to _______ mOsm in the renal cortex.A. 1400; 300B. 300; 1400C. 100; 1400D. 1400; 100


ANSWER

The activation of the sympathetic system tends to cause constriction of the Afferent arteriole. The resulting __-crease in GFR leads to __-creased urine output.


The activation of the sympathetic system tends to cause constriction of the Afferent arteriole. The resulting de-crease in GFR leads to de-creased urine output.


In the loop of Henle,A. The ascending limb is very permeable to water.B. The filtrate in the descending limb becomes more and more hypotonic.C. Urea diffuses out of the descending limb.D. Sodium and chloride ions are actively transported out of the ascending limb.

ANSWER


In the loop of Henle,A. The ascending limb is very permeable to water.B. The filtrate in the descending limb becomes more and more hypotonic.C. Urea diffuses out of the descending limb.D. Sodium and chloride ions are actively transported out of the ascending limb.


Urea isA. Actively secreted in the distal convoluted tubule.B. Actively reabsorbed in the proximal convoluted tubule.C. Passively reabsorbed in the proximal convoluted tubule.D. Completely eliminated in the urine.E. Passively reabsorbed in the distal convoluted tubule. ANSWER


Urea isA. Actively secreted in the distal convoluted tubule.B. Actively reabsorbed in the proximal convoluted tubule.C. Passively reabsorbed in the proximal convoluted tubule.D. Completely eliminated in the urine.E. Passively reabsorbed in the distal convoluted tubule.

Renal Plasma Clearance

ANSWER

Measurement of the plasma concentrations of ________is often used clinically as an index of kidney function?


Measurement of the plasma concentrations of creatinine is often used clinically as an index of kidney function?


Which of the following has the lowest renal clearance in a normal situation?A. Glucose.B. PAH.C. Inulin.D. Creatinine. ANSWER


Which of the following has the lowest renal clearance in a normal situation?A. Glucose.B. PAH.C. Inulin.D. Creatinine.

BACK TO GAME


ANSWER

Plasma glucose is reabsorbed at theA. distal convoluted tubule.B. loop of Henle.C. collecting duct.D. proximal convoluted tubule.


Plasma glucose is reabsorbed at theA. distal convoluted tubule.B. loop of Henle.C. collecting duct.D. proximal convoluted tubule.

Renal Electrolyte Regulation

Decreased dietary K+ intake leads toA. hypokalemia and decreased K+ reabsorption in the distal tubule.B. hyperkalemia and decreased K+ reabsorption in the collecting duct.C. hypokalemia and increased K+ reabsorption in the collecting duct.D. hyperkalemia and increased K+ reabsorption in the distal tubule.


Answer Chemical agent Effect

1. __ 1. ADH A. Aldosterone secretion

2. __ 2. Aldosterone B. Endogenous diuretic

3. __ 3. ANP C. Excretion of phosphate

4. __ 4. Angiotensin II D. Stimulates sodium reabsorption

5. __ 5. PTH E. Increases water permeability

Match the chemical agent to its appropriate function:

ANSWER


Answer Chemical agent Effect

1. E 1. ADH A. Aldosterone secretion

2. D 2. Aldosterone B. Endogenous diuretic

3. B 3. ANP C. Excretion of phosphate

4. A 4. Angiotensin II D. Stimulates sodium reabsorption

5. C 5. PTH E. Increases water permeability

Match the chemical agent to its appropriate function:


Increased plasma K + concentration causes an increase in the production ofA. Renin.B. Angiotensin II.C. Aldosterone.D. ADH.

ANSWER


Increased plasma K + concentration causes an increase in the production ofA. Renin.B. Angiotensin II.C. Aldosterone.D. ADH.

ANSWER

Substance X can be found in the glomerular filtrate and the peritubular capillaries, but not in the urine. Which of the following best describes the renal handling of substance X?A. filtration and reabsorptionB. secretion and excretionC. filtration and excretionD. filtration, reabsorption, secretion, & excretion



Substance X can be found in the glomerular filtrate and the peritubular capillaries, but not in the urine. Which of the following best describes the renal handling of substance X?A. filtration and reabsorptionB. secretion and excretionC. filtration and excretionD. filtration, reabsorption, secretion, & excretion

Renal Acid-Base Regulation

Two major urinary buffers are _________ and ___________.

ANSWER


Two major urinary buffers are phosphates and ammonia.


The kidneys help regulate the blood pH by excreting __ and reabsorbing __________.

ANSWER


The kidneys help regulate the blood pH by excreting H+ and reabsorbing bicarbonate.


A decrease in pH will have which of the following effects on K + in the urine?A. Increased K + B. Decreased K +C. No change.

ANSWER


A decrease in pH will have which of the following effects on K + in the urine?A. Increased K + B. Decreased K +C. No change.


A drug addict overdoses and is found unresponsive and barely breathing at 5 breaths per minute. Which of the following methods would his body use to compensate for the acid-base imbalance?A. Decreased H+ secretion by the kidneys.B. Increased CO2 exhalation.C. Increased renal bicarbonate production.D. Decreased renal bicarbonate reabsorption.

Human Physiology Physiology of the Kidneys Chapter 13.

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