Human Muscles. Types of Muscle Cells Skeletal (Voluntary, Striated) Muscle these are muscles you...
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Transcript of Human Muscles. Types of Muscle Cells Skeletal (Voluntary, Striated) Muscle these are muscles you...
![Page 1: Human Muscles. Types of Muscle Cells Skeletal (Voluntary, Striated) Muscle these are muscles you control; the ones you exercise. Smooth (Involuntary,](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032414/56649ef45503460f94c07503/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Human Muscles
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Types of Muscle Cells Skeletal (Voluntary, Striated) Muscle
these are muscles you control; the ones you exercise.
Smooth (Involuntary, Smooth) Muscle these are muscles you cannot control They work the inner parts of the body (viscera)
Cardiac Muscle (Involuntary, striated) myogenic due to interconnections These muscles of the heart do not get tired.
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Types of Muscle Cells
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Smooth Muscle Cells
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Cardiac Muscle Cells
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Skeletal Muscle Cells
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Tissues in Skeletal Muscles
1. Skeletal muscle tissue
2. Connective Tissue Components
3. Nervous Tissue
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Connective Tissue Components
Endomysium Perimysium
Fascicles Epimysium Tendon
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Tendon Pictures
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Aponeurosis Also may be formed
from the three fibrous wrappings
may merge with the wrappings of another muscle.
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Size and Shape of FibersSize: varies from large to smallShape: varies
Broad: Latisimus dorsi Narrow: Sartorius Flat: Latisimus dorsi Bulky: Gastrocnemius Long: Sartorius Circular: Orbicularis oris Triangular: Deltoid
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Shape: Broad Latisimus dorsi
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Shape: Narrow Sartorius
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Shape: Flat Latisimus dorsi
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Shape: Bulky Gastrocnemius
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Shape: Long Sartorius
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Shape: Circular
Orbicularis oris
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Shape: Triangular
Deltoid
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Fiber ArrangementArrangement of SMF within the muscle, varies.
Parallel to long axis Converge to narrow attachment Oblique are slanted Pennate – “think feather pen” Bipennate Curved
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Parallel to long axis
Horizontal: Transversus abdominis
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Vertical
Rectus abdominis
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Converge to narrow attachment
Pectoralis major
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Oblique are slanted
External oblique
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Pennate – “think feather pen” Vastus group
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Bipennate “two feathered”
Rectus femoris
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Curved
Fibers are circular Orbicularus oris
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Attachment of Muscles-Joints Most muscles attach
articulating bones across a joint.
Upon contraction of the muscle, one bone remains in a fixed position and the other moves. Femur
Pelvis
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Attachment of Muscles-
Origin
Origin The point of attachment that does not move during
muscle contraction.
Pelvis
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Attachment of Muscles-
Insertion
Insertion – the point of attachment that does move when the muscles contract.
Femur
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Attachment of Muscles-Contraction
Typically, when a muscle contracts, the insertion is moved closer to the origin.
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ROLE OF MUSCLES, BONES, AND JOINTS IN MOVEMENT Lever
any rigid bar free to move around a fixed point called a fulcrum
Lever system Rigid bar - a bone
F = Fulcrum - joint a point around which the rigid bar rotates
L = Load: Weight – resistance something that is moved
P = Pull - Muscle contraction force producing the movement
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Muscle GroupsMuscles work
together! Some muscles in a group contract while other relax. Prime mover Antagonist Synergists Fixator muscles
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Prime MoverA muscle or group
of muscles which directly performs a specific movement. Flexion of
forearmBiceps brachii is PM
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Antagonist When actively contracting, they oppose the movement
of the prime mover. They are relaxed when the
prime mover is contracting. Flexion of forearmT. brachii
is anatagonist
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Synergistscontract at the same
time as the prime movers;
they complement the prime movers. Flexion of
forearmbrachialis is synergist
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Fixator muscles
usually serve to stabilize joints. They help to maintain balance and posture during the contractions of the prime movers.
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Naming of MusclesLocationFunction - named for what they doShape - shape of the muscleDirection of fibers - orientation of fibersNumber of divisions or heads - connectionsPoints of attachment - what bones are
attached to OR bone markingsSize - how big is the muscle relative to
other muscles
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Location brachialis - in the arm
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Function - named for what they do
Adductor group move leg toward the
midline
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Shape - shape of the muscle deltoid - triangular
muscle in the shoulder
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Direction of fibers - orientation of fibers rectus abdominus
rectus refers to up and down
Oblique slanting
transversus
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Number of divisions or heads – connections
biceps brachii
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Points of attachment What bones are
attached to OR bone markings
Sternocleidomastoid
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Size
how big is the muscle relative to other muscles Gluteus maximus – in human beings, bigger than
gluteus medius and minimus.