Human Interoperability and Net-Enabled Environments
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Transcript of Human Interoperability and Net-Enabled Environments
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Human Interoperability and Net-Enabled Human Interoperability and Net-Enabled EnvironmentsEnvironments
Dr. Alenka Brown, SESSr. Science Advisor for Human Behaviors
Sr. Research Fellow USD-AT&L-DDR&E // OASD-NII// NDU
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Presidential and Legislative Directives that state the
requirements for coordinated and co-operative responses
amongst Federal, State and Local and Non-Government
mission partners in the integration and interoperability of both
material and non-materiel capabilities.
BACKGROUNDBACKGROUND (source for HII)(source for HII)
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• Understanding the issues that cause inadequate or
incompatible Policy, Doctrine, Strategy and Process across
mission partners by leveraging current processes,
experimentations, exercises, operations, and other venues.
• Master situation awareness in a highly dynamic and
unpredictable environment.
BACKGROUNDBACKGROUNDFOCUSFOCUS
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• Non-materiel solutions are in high demand with all
stakeholders charged with the defense and security of the
United States.
• OSD has determined a need exists for focusing on integration
of technology and human systems to be explored in a
continuum of opportune venues.
BACKGROUNDBACKGROUNDFINDINGSFINDINGS
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• HI Initiative Policy Framework
Tactical Operations Strategic Policy
Science and Technology (S&T) investments
Acquisition and technological gaps
Articulate policy/standards/requirements objectives to develop,
operate, and maintain “high-consequence mission-critical collaboration
systems”
using
Cognitive science and systems engineering
BACKGROUNDBACKGROUNDHI PillarsHI Pillars
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HI Initiative Experimentations
Studies
Dept of Defense and Non-Gov. Org.
Dept of Defense – Building Partnership Capacity
Research
Context management in real-time w/human-in-the-loop
Decision analysis in real-time w/human-in-the-loop Effects based management w/human-in-the loop
Standards and Requirements
Education and Training (E&T)
Standards and Requirements
Refinement of current E&T
BACKGROUNDBACKGROUNDHI Pillars (continuedHI Pillars (continued))
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HI – Net Enabled EnvironmentHI – Net Enabled EnvironmentWORK FLOWWORK FLOW
make betterdecisions for
courses of action
Infor Tech, Info Assureand Info Sharing.
Human Interoperability: Reliable, “compatible1”
human networks across community boundaries .
2 - Cooperation & Collaboration between DoD, Interagency and Intercommunity ranging from asymmetric threats applications, humanitarian efforts, to disaster events.
2 Cooperation and
Collaboration
timely accessibleand
trusted info andbehaviors
1compatible – co-operative, trusting, & semantic interoperable human networks that are “adaptive”
and “agile” to optimize effectiveness & efficiency.
information
provide capability to
enabled by
cognitive-matching; social-cultural nuances;traditional human factors;rapport indicators…
constructedfrom human attributes
collaborative
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A Dynamic Method is needed to see how critical system-building elements work in an operational context and impact total
performance outcomes.
5/1 AETF (-): T: Defeat enemy forces operating in BDE AO P: Prepare BDE Ao for future transition to NEW ARMY forces. -Interdicts enemy supply lines -Conducts SASO in BDE sector -Trains NEW ARMY forces for future combat
2 CAB: T: Defeat enemy forces operating in BN AO P: Prepare BN AO for future transition to NEW ARMY forces. -Interdicts enemy supply lines -
Requirements/Definition
Policies
Assessment
ArchitecturalDesign
TrainingHSI
Technology
USER
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StrategicPlan
TacticalPlan
OperationalPlan
Tactical
OperationalEnvironment
StrategicPlan
TacticalPlan
OperationalPlan
Operational
OperationalEnvironment
StrategicPlan
TacticalPlan
OperationalPlan
Strategic
OperationalEnvironment
Directives
Solutions
Organization ArchitectureOrganization Architecture
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Human Interoperability InitiativeHuman Interoperability Initiative
OBJECTIVES (1-2)OBJECTIVES (1-2)
Understand “human compatibility” across Net-Enabled Environments and Operations/ Service Oriented Architectures by constructing an HI Framework that includes:
• the development of policy objectives for testing policy and standards,
• balancing strategies and doctrines involving the “human components”
• aligning operations/ procedures for standards in sharing information between humans and systems/organizations
Assessments of processes and their enablers/inhibitors for information sharing and cognitive impact.
Understanding of socio-cultural boundaries for convergence of governing policies and standards.
Identify gaps that are impacted by the intersection of Law and Public Policy.
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Human Interoperability InitiativeHuman Interoperability Initiative
OBJECTIVES (2 of 2)OBJECTIVES (2 of 2)
• establishment of social-behavioral tool/capability requirements and metrics for
interoperability applications and acquisition for strategic and tactical operations
• understanding user cognitive-matching and the technical implications for
“quality of operations” for Service Oriented Architecture (SoA)
• Systems of Systems
• Net Centric Operations
• Net Enabled Environments
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Achieving InteroperabilityAchieving Interoperability
A PERPETUAL MOTION MACHINEA PERPETUAL MOTION MACHINE
Interoperability:
“ The ability of systems, units or forces to provide services to and
accept services from other systems, units or forces and use the
services to enable them to operate together effectively and with
integrity.”
- Interoperability is more than technology driven for
information exchange – its impact on humans-in the-loop.
- Solutions Sets must address the Processes within organizations, and between individuals.
- Defines the barriers and limitations on: human to human
human to organizationhuman to system (man-machine interfaces)human to system of system integrations
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Human Issues and SoA?Human Issues and SoA?
• Dynamic composition and re-composition:
• Warfighting applications need to be composed to provide solutions to
humans in real time - reconfigured dynamically.
• Dynamic system evaluation, analysis, monitoring and tracking to ensure security, dependability, and interoperability for mission success:
– Human composed applications in DoD SOA systems must be evaluated
as soon as they are composed at runtime and after dynamic deployment
for mission plan change.
• Real-time SOA protocols and infrastructure:
– DoD SOA protocols and infrastructure must address human
interoperation real-time computing issues such as fault recovery, timing
constraints, and scheduling to ensure mission success.
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SoA Now?SoA Now?
• Current SOA infrastructure and protocols support mainly service producers taking days, weeks or months to complete.
• a human interoperation approach will allow applications to be generated in minutes/hours with significant evaluation and dependability.
• Current SOA computing infrastructure does not support real-time computing and human interoperation:
– timing constraints and processes are not addressed and no mechanism to differentiate service quality and criticality.
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SOA nowSOA now?
Research areas need to support:
– human processes within SoA
– timing issues of SOA
– human interoperability protocols
– engineering approaches that address human systems
engineering, etc.
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SoA CharacteristicsSoA Characteristics
DoD SoA need to have the following characteristics:
• Autonomous computing with self-healing and self-recovery, and
dynamic reconfiguration with high confidence and predictability;
• Semantic information processing so that information can be
processed in an intelligent manner;
• Rapid real-time application: modeling, assembling, deployment,
simulation, testing, evaluation, monitoring, and data collection;
• Support organizational and operational interoperability, not just
network, machine or software interoperability.
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• Systems Engineering Approach for:
• Examine customs1, regulations, policy, doctrine, technological standards
and requirements in development of effective, reliable, and efficient human
systems across organizational boundaries with the interagencies and
intercommunity for dissemination and integration of shared information and
behavior.
• Identify the social engineering processes of reliable human networks (RHN)
practices and the gaps within policy, doctrine and standards in support of
RHN.
Human Interoperability InitiativeHuman Interoperability InitiativeApproachApproach
Hardware
Wetware
Software
1 customs - a strata of ethnicity within a global society relating to various disciplines, e.g., social sciences, engineering, law, policy, doctrine, terminology, cultural nuances, etc.
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• Evaluate processes, functions and forms so that the “information shared is
the same message received, is the same message sent.” Known as, “cognitive
matching2.”
• Identify and mitigate the human factor indicators within the Information
Technological processes and attributes that contribute to trust factors that
sustain reliable human networks.
• Leverage existing and previous experiments, exercises, & studies to assess the indicators, issues, and attributes of human interoperability.
• Identify requirements for the “backbone” or “platform” for social-behavioral tools, capabilities, M&S, etc. to be interoperable to other platform devices.
2 cognitive matching - the meaning of the communication elicited is the same as that intended.
Human Interoperability InitiativeHuman Interoperability InitiativeApproachApproach
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What limits the present approaches?What limits the present approaches?
The architecture of traditional SOA:
– Most of the SOA technologies, processes, and infrastructure designed
for service providers not the service users (warfighters) directly; thus,
limiting the speed of application development, deployment, and
reconfiguration.
Lack of service-oriented system engineering techniques:
– DoD using traditional system engineering to design and develop SOA
applications at design phase. SOA applications need to composed by
humans at runtime; thus, demanding a runtime application of service-
oriented system engineering techniques.
Lack of a real-time SOA infrastructure and protocols:
– Real-time SOA must be guaranteed in military and mission-critical
domains. It currently has no real-time human interoperation SOA
infrastructure to support basic real-time computing.
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PROCESS NOWUnderlying activities to get to
OODAActivities
GAPS in CapabilityEvolving Capability within the OODA / ToTE Framework provides a visual representation of required activities.
DecideAct
Orient
GIID ServiceMissile Warning / Missile Defense Integration
117 Service Required to support 100% of GIID Mission Thread
GIID ServiceMissile Warning / Missile Defense IntegrationGIID ServiceMissile Warning / Missile Defense Integration
117 Service Required to support 100% of GIID Mission Thread
Common Language Discovery
InteroperabilityDoD OGA
Req.A
Req.B
Req.C
Req.D
Req.E
Req.C
Req.F
Req.B
Req.E
System 1 System 2 System 3
Capability A Capability B Capability C
System Contribution, Supporting Systems Infrastructure
Outputs Performance Requirements
Integration Requirements
Functional Requirements
Associated Architectural Products
NGO
Policy &
Governance
Operational
CONOPS
De-confliction of language Inhibitors
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Summary
System DevelopersPSU/APL/ORNL
AssessmentWorkspace 1
Databases
Data Network
Hub
Analyst 1
Databases
Router
Analyst 2 Analyst 3
AssessmentWorkspace 2
Assessment Workspace 3
Reports
Reports
Reports
Transport Layers
Firewall
Reports
Reports
Reports
User ProfilingCognitive Matching
HBSC ToolVIBES
IBAC SCHEME
THEMEDEVELOPMENT
System DevelopersArmy G-2/Alion/CMU
Assimilation of Assessments
Service Oriented Architecture
Biometrics
ISRCollection
25%
VIZ
Pro
file
COMMON USER
INTERFACE
Search Term
Ø A