Human Endocrine Physiology
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Transcript of Human Endocrine Physiology
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Human Endocrine PhysiologyHuman Endocrine Physiology
May 8, 2014
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Lungs
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Actions ofActions ofAII and AldosteroneAII and Aldosterone
• Angiotensin II• Stimulates aldosterone secretion• Causes vasoconstriction• Stimulates thirst
• Aldosterone
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VasopressinVasopressin
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Stimulation ofStimulation ofVasopressin (ADH) SecretionVasopressin (ADH) Secretion
• Stimulated by:• ↓ Blood volume or pressure• ↓ Plasma osmolarity (low serum
sodium concentration; detected by osmoreceptors in the hypothalamus)
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Actions ofActions ofVasopressin/ADHVasopressin/ADH
• ↑ permeability of the distal collecting duct to water (ADH)• ↑Free water absorption• ↑Blood volume• ↓Serum sodium concentration
• Vasoconstriction (vasopressin)
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Combined EffectsCombined Effects
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Endocrine Response to Endocrine Response to HemorrhageHemorrhage
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ACE Inhibitors for Treatment ACE Inhibitors for Treatment of Hypertensionof Hypertension
• How do they work?
• What could be potential side effects?
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ErythropoetinErythropoetin
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Erythropoetin Erythropoetin
• Function: • Stimulates erythrocyte production• ↑ the O2 carrying capacity of the blood
• Secretion sites• Kidney (major)• Liver (minor)
• Secretion ↑’d when O2 delivery to the kidney is ↓’d
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Erythropoetin Erythropoetin
• Function: • Stimulates erythrocyte production• ↑ the O2 carrying capacity of the blood
• Secretion sites• Kidney (major)• Liver (minor)
• Secretion ↑’d when O2 delivery to the kidney is ↓’d
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Hemorrhage and Hemorrhage and Erythropoetin Erythropoetin
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IGF-1
Lipid MetabolismLipid Metabolism
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Roles of LipoproteinsRoles of Lipoproteins
• Carry triglycerides and cholesterol to tissues• Chylomicrons, VLDL, IDL, LDL in order
of decreasing content of TG’s• Associated with apoprotein B
• Carry cholesterol away from tissues• HDL• Associated with apoprotein A
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Functions of ApoproteinsFunctions of Apoproteins
• Activate enzymes such lipoprotein lipase (LPL) that process the lipids
• Bind to cell receptors to stimulate intake of lipoproteins
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LipasesLipases• Pancreatic lipase
• Secretion stimulated by CCK• Active in the small intestine in a basic
environment provided by bicarb secreted under the influence of secretin
• Lipoprotein lipase (LPL)• On the walls of capillaries• Stimulated by insulin
• Hormone sensitive lipase• Within adipocytes• Stimulated by epinephrine
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Functions of InsulinFunctions of Insulin
• Promotes glucose uptakes by cells• Promotes utilization of glucose for energy
• Suppresses generation of ketones
• Amino acid uptake by cells and protein synthesis
• Glycerol and fatty acid uptake by adipose tissue and triglyceride synthesis
• Suppresses ketone formation, lipolysis, etc
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*
*Hormone sensitive lipase: Stimulated by epinephrine and inhibited by insulin.
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LDL Receptors
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IGF-1
Lipoprotein metabolism
Lipid MetabolismLipid Metabolism
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Examples of Examples of Hormones and BehaviorHormones and Behavior
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Stress Hormones: Behavioral Stress Hormones: Behavioral Acquisition and RetentionAcquisition and Retention
• ACTH• Fragments promote learning and
memory
• Vasopressin• Promotes learning and memory
• Endorphins• Diminish pain• Involved in learning
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Experiments:1) Inject oxytocin into ventricles of nonpregnant rats2) Treat with an oxytocin antagonist
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Politics and Endocrinology:Politics and Endocrinology:The Birth Control PillThe Birth Control Pill
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Hormones and Hormones and Glucose and Lipid Glucose and Lipid
MetabolismMetabolism
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Type 1 DiabetesType 1 Diabetes
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Summary of Problems with Summary of Problems with Untreated Type 1 DiabetesUntreated Type 1 Diabetes• Elevated blood glucose• Excess ketones leading to acidosis• Inability to process glucose and loss
through the kidneys leads to ↓weight.
• Loss of water with glucose through the kidney leads to dehydration
• Mental dysfunction/coma