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Transcript of Http:// Normal BoneOsteoporotic Bone Bone mineral density accounts for 70% of bone strength.
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http://www.nof.org/osteoporosis/bonehealth.htm
Normal Bone
Osteoporotic Bone
Bone mineral density accounts for 70% of bone strength
Bone mineral density accounts for 70% of bone strength
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Types of Bone
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Types of Bone
cortical (compact)-outer, dense shell around bones; thick shafts of long bones
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Trabecular
(spongy)-found in vertebrae and ends of long bones; forms a lattice-like network increasing its surface area for metabolic activity
Types of BoneTypes of Bone
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Dowager’s HumpDowager’s Hump
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Remodeling Cycle
Bone Resorption (bone removal)
Bone Formation
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Remodeling Cycle
Osteoclast
Osteoblasts
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From: Geriatric Consultant Resources LLC http://www.gcrweb.com/OsteoDSS/clinical/path/pages/path-bone-rem.html
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Remodeling Cycle
Osteoclast: Bone Resorption
Osteoblasts: Bone Formation
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Remodeling Cycle
Osteoclast
Osteoblasts
EstrogenEstrogen
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Amen
orrh
eaEating Disorders
Osteoporosis
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Series10
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
Perc
ent
of
Ath
lete
sPe
rcent
of
Ath
lete
s
HSHS Colle
ge
Colle
ge
Speci
fic
Sp
ort
sS
peci
fic
Sp
ort
s
INCIDENCE OF ANOREXIA & BULIMAINCIDENCE OF ANOREXIA & BULIMA
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Series10
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
Perc
ent
of
Pop
ula
tion
(%
)Pe
rcent
of
Pop
ula
tion
(%
)
General
AthletesAthletes
AMENORRHEAAMENORRHEA
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Series10
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
Marcus eat al, Ann Int Med 102:158-163, 1985
ControlControlAc
tive
Amen
orrh
icAc
tive
Amen
orrh
ic
OSTEOPOROSISOSTEOPOROSISIn
cid
en
ce o
f B
on
e F
ract
ure
s (%
)In
cid
en
ce o
f B
one F
ract
ure
s (%
)
Active Regular Cycling
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Tennis PlayersTennis Players SoldiersSoldiers
Exercise and Bone Health
Epicondylar Width
6.69 vs. 6.59
Epicondylar Width
6.46 vs. 6.41
Ulnar Width
1.86 vs 1.79
Ulnar Width
1.65 vs 1.62
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Gravity and Bone Health
Space travel
Space Station crew lost
• interior bone @ 2.2 -2.7% per month in space
• outer bone @ 1.6 - 1.7% per month.
• hipbone strength declined by 2.5% per month of flight.
• vertebral bone @ 0.8 to 0.9% per month,
http://www.spacedaily.com/news/spacetravel-04h.html
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Exercise and Bone Health
120 days 196 days-30
-25
-20
-15
-10
-5
0
Bo
ne
Min
eral
Den
sity
(%
)
ACSM Resource Manual, page 200
Calcaneous Bone Loss from Bed rest
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Exercise and Bone Health
120 days 180 days-7
-6
-5
-4
-3
-2
-1
0
Bone Mineral Density
(%)
Femoral Neck Bone Loss from Bed rest
ACSM Resource Manual, page 200
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4 Months-12
-10
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
Radius
Tibia
Spine
Calcaneous
Ch
an
ge
in B
on
e M
ine
ral
De
ns
ity
(%
)
Bone Loss from Bed Rest
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Exercise and Bone Health
0 4 months 6 months-12
-10
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
Radius
Tibia
Spine
Calcaneous
Ch
ang
e in
BM
D (
%)
Re-ambulation following bed rest
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Exercise and Bone Health
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40
-3
-2
-1
0
1
2
3
4
Control
Exercise
Months
Per
cen
t C
han
ge
(%)
Smith, E. et al. Med Sci Sports Exerc 13, 80, 1981.
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Exercise and Bone Health
Cavanaugh Dj & CE Cann, Bone 9:201-204, 1988.
Spine-6
-5
-4
-3
-2
-1
0
Exercise
ExerciseBMD (%)
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Exercise and Bone Health
Dalsky et al., Ann Int Med 108:824, 1988Dalsky et al., Ann Int Med 108:824, 1988
Control (n=18)
Control (n=18)
Exercise n=17
Exercise n=17
9 months9 months
n= 14 Detraining (n=6)
Detraining (n=6)
Exercise (n=11)
Exercise (n=11)
13 months13 months18 months18 months
Detraining (n=9)
Detraining (n=9)
12 months12 months
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Exercise and Bone Health
Dalsky et al., Ann Int Med 108:824, 1988
0 9 240.96
0.98
1
1.02
1.04
1.06
1.08
Control
Exercise
Time (Months)
Lu
mb
ar
Bo
ne
Min
era
l (g
/cm
2)
Detraining
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Exercise and Bone Health
Pruitt, LA et al, J Bone & Min Res 7:179-185, 1992
Lumbar -4
-3
-2
-1
0
1
2
Control
ExerciseBMD (%)
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Eyes Open
Eyes Closed
Foam - Eyes Open
Foam - Eyes
Closed
-15
-10
-5
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
ControlExercise
Per
cen
t C
han
ge
in S
way
(%
)BALANCE AND FALLS
Hourigan, SR, et al Osteoporosis International DOI 10.1007/s00198-0541-7
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Piezeoelectric Effect
MuscleMuscleBone
GrowthBone
Growth
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
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