HTPEM Fuel Cells - Analysis of usage in mobile applications -
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Transcript of HTPEM Fuel Cells - Analysis of usage in mobile applications -
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Søren Juhl Andreasen
HTPEM Fuel Cells- Analysis of usage in mobile applications -
∙ Introduction to the Institute of Energy Technology, Aalborg University, Denmark
▫ Research areas▫ Educations
∙ Recent and current research activities▫ Master thesis, 500 W PEM Fuel Cell system▫ Reseach assistent, 3 kW DMFC UPS ▫ PhD project : Fuel Cell Shaft Power Pack
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Development in Denmark from 80’ties to 90’ties:
Central generation Local generation
Source:
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Research program organisation
Institute of Energy Technology
Electric Power Systems
Power Electronic Systems
Electrical Machines
Fluid Power Systems
Fluid Mechanics and Combustion
Thermal Energy Systems
Fuel Cell Research Program
Industrial Partners Research Institutions
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Overview of Educations at IET
BASIC YEAR 1st and 2nd sem
3rd to 5th semElectronics and Electrical
Engineering
Electrical Energy Technology (EET) 6th to 7th sem
8th to 10th sem
High Voltage Engineering and Power systems
Power Electronics and Drives
Sustainable Energy Engineering
(HyTec)
Fluids and Combustion Engineering
(FACE)
Industry and export
(In the future this will most likely be “Energy”)
Intro semester
B.Sc. & Honer
ElectroMechanical System Design
(EMSD)
From next year an International M.Sc. Specialization on WindpowerWindpower will be included!
Within the following years an energy study board will be formed to enhance the fundamental education (3rd to 5th semester) to be directed more towards energy technology.
Mechanical EngineeringElectrical Engineering
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Fuel cell research programme
System control
Componentdesign
System
design
Test systems
∙ Mission▫ To promote sustainable energy production by conducting definitive
leading edge research at international level in fuel cell technology.
∙ Main Research Areas▫ Fluid mechanics▫ System modeling and optimization▫ Advanced system control▫ Power electronics
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Stack and system test facilitiesSingle cell test facilities-HT-PEM-DMFC
System test facilities
Advanced stack tests-Gas composition-Humidity (anode, cathode)-Heat management
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Design and Control of a 500W PEM Fuel Cell System
∙ Master of Science in Mechanical Engineering specialized in Electro-mechanical system design
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3 kW DMFC Emergency Power Generator (APC)
Research assistent, modeling of DMFC, steady state, dynamic, BoP
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Research Project : Fuel Cell Shaft Power Pack (3.107 DKR)
Fuel Cell Shaft Power Pack
LagerBrændsels-
celleElmotor
Power ElektronikAnvendelseFyldestation
Brint
Brintbærer
2 Technical University PhD : Design and control of BoP , Power Electronics and motor design
1 Industrial PhD (Technological Institute of Denmark) : Stack charaterization and diagnostics
2 Mercantile PhD : Focus on the market, up-stream and down-stream
2 Educational institutions (Aalborg University, Copenhagen Business School)
1 GTS Danish Insititue of Technology
1 Component manufacturer (Parker)
3 R&D companies (Dantherm,HIRC,EGJ, H2Logic)
1 Composite materials company (Xperion)
4 Application companies (Electrical bike, Truck, Pallet handler…)
2 Power electronics companies (Migatronic , KK-Electronic)
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Systemopbygning
∙ Possibilities for an overall configuration of a power pack1. Fuel Cell alone2. Fuel Cell og DC/DC-converter
FC MotorInverterDC/DCDC ACDC
FC MotorInverterACDC
Advantages: Very simple system
Disadvantages: Very large FC stack ($$ !)
FC must handle power peaks
High demands for motor and intverer
Variating DC voltage
Advantages: Simple
Steady DC inverter voltage
Disadvantages: Very large FC stack ($$ !)
FC handles power peaks
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Systemopbygning
3. Operation with FC, DC/DC-converter and buffer energy storagea) Energy storage : batteryb) Energy storage : battery and super capacitorc) Energy storage : super capacitor
FC MotorInverterDC/DCDC
ACDC
Buffer
Adv.: Smaller FC stack
Steady DC inverter voltage
Super cap. only for power peaks
Battery as extra energy storage
FC stack charges batteries and supercaps
Full control of charging and discharging
D.adv.: Exstra charging circuits for battery and supercaps
More complicated system
FC
Motor
InverterDC/DC
DC
AC
DC
BAT DC/DCDC
SCAP DC/DCDC
Preferable system configuration
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System, HT-PEM with Reformer
∙ Feasible fuels, liquid i.e. methanol (ethanol)▫ Direct Methanol Fuel Cell▫ Fuel cell system with reformer
◦ LTPEM (Classic Nafion membran)◦ HTPEM (PBI membrane)
∙ High Temperature PEM running on reformed methanol▫ FC operating conditions 120-200 C▫ Methanol reformer temperature 200-250 C▫ Thermal integration▫ Lower cell voltage▫ No CO-poisoning (!)▫ No humidity control -> Very simple stack and system design (!)▫ New technology▫ Potential for improvements▫ Significantly less expensive than Nafion based MEA’s (!)▫ Liquid water must never be present▫ Possible cooling with cathode air▫ Long start-up time
∙ FC system and application control▫ Classic linear control. P PI PID control. ss control, observer design▫ Nonlinear control. Lyaponov theory, robust control ▫ Optimal control
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Performance of HTPEM
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Thanks for your attention
www.iet.aau.dk/~sja