HP FlexNetwork

HP FlexNetwork Fundamentals

Learner Guide Book 1 of 2

HP ExpertOneRev. 14.21Course #: 00870186 Part #: 00870186S11402

Copyright 2014 Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P.The information contained herein is subject to change without notice. The only warranties for HP products and services are set forth in the express warranty statements accompanying HP products and services are set forth in the express warranty statements accompanying such products and services. Nothing herein should be construed as constituting an additional warranty. HP shall not be liable for technical or editorial errors or omissions contained herein.

This is an HP copyrighted work that may not be reproduced without the written permission of HP. You may not use these materials to deliver training to any person outside of your organization without the written permission of HP.

Printed in United States of America

HP FlexNetwork Fundamentals, Rev. 14.21Learner Guide Book 1 of 2February 2014

Rev. 14.21 i

Contents

Module 1: Introduction

Overview ............................................................................................................ 1-1 Welcome to HPs ATP HP FlexNetwork Fundamentals ....................................... 1-2 Course Agenda ................................................................................................... 1-3 Prerequisites ...................................................................................................... 1-5 Course Schedule ................................................................................................ 1-7 ExpertOne HP Networking Certifications ............................................................ 1-8 Introductions ....................................................................................................... 1-9

Module 2: Converged Infrastructure

Objectives........................................................................................................... 2-1 Pre-work Review Activity: Converged Infrastructure ........................................... 2-2 FlexNetwork Architecture: Converged Infrastructure ........................................... 2-3 FlexNetwork Benefits .......................................................................................... 2-6 Trend 1: Data Center Consolidation and Cloud Computing ................................. 2-7 Trend 2: Application Architecture and Virtual Clients ........................................... 2-8 Trend 3: UC&C: East-West Traffic ...................................................................... 2-9 FlexFabric: Overview ........................................................................................ 2-10 FlexFabric: Architecture .................................................................................... 2-12 FlexFabric: Data Center Products ..................................................................... 2-14 FlexCampus: Overview..................................................................................... 2-22 FlexCampus: Campus Products ....................................................................... 2-24 FlexBranch: Overview ...................................................................................... 2-33 FlexBranch: Solution ........................................................................................ 2-35 FlexBranch: Branch Products ........................................................................... 2-36 FlexManagement: Overview ............................................................................. 2-42 SDN Overview .................................................................................................. 2-44 Legacy Implementation versus SDN ................................................................. 2-46 Components of Building an SDN ...................................................................... 2-48 HP Virtual Application Network Strategy ........................................................... 2-50

HP Virtual Application Networks ................................................................. 2-50 Centralized Network Control and Automation ............................................ 2-50

Virtual Cloud Network ......................................................................... 2-51 Sentinel Security ................................................................................. 2-53

OpenFlow .................................................................................................. 2-54 OpenStack ................................................................................................. 2-55

Learning Check ................................................................................................ 2-57

Module 3: Basic Setup

Objectives........................................................................................................... 3-1 Pre-Work Review Activity: Basic Setup ............................................................... 3-2 ProVision HP 8212 zl switch ............................................................................... 3-3 HP 5406 zl .......................................................................................................... 3-6

HP Employee self-study use only. Reproduction or transfer outside of HP in whole or in part is prohibited.


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ProVision Port Nomenclature .............................................................................. 3-7 ProVision Port Nomenclature (cont.) ................................................................... 3-8 Comware Management Interfaces ...................................................................... 3-9 Console Cable .................................................................................................. 3-10 Accessing the Con or Aux Port ......................................................................... 3-11 Comware Interface Nomenclature .................................................................... 3-12 ProVision Initial Access ..................................................................................... 3-13 ProVision Levels of Access ............................................................................... 3-15 Comware Views (Contexts) .............................................................................. 3-17 Comware CLI Views ......................................................................................... 3-18 Context-Sensitive Help ..................................................................................... 3-20 Command Auto-Completion .............................................................................. 3-22 Command Recall and Shortcuts ....................................................................... 3-23

ProVision Command Recall and Shortcuts ......................................... 3-23 Comware Command Recall and Shortcuts ......................................... 3-24

Activity: VLAN Review ...................................................................................... 3-26 Basic Configuration: ProVision ......................................................................... 3-29

Assigning a Hostname to a ProVision Switch ...................................... 3-29 Assigning IP Addressing Information to a ProVision Switch ................ 3-29

Basic Management Commands for ProVision Switches ............................. 3-30 Basic Configuration: Comware ......................................................................... 3-32

Basic Host Settings for Comware .............................................................. 3-32 Assigning IP Addresses to Comware Layer-3 Interfaces ..................... 3-33 Static Route Configuration for Comware ............................................. 3-33 Viewing the Active Configuration ......................................................... 3-34

Interface Configuration: ProVision .................................................................... 3-36 ProVision: Identifying and Enabling Interfaces .................................... 3-36 ProVision: Configuring MDI-X for Interfaces ........................................ 3-37 ProVision: Assigning Names to Interfaces........................................... 3-38

Interface Verification: ProVision ........................................................................ 3-40 Interface Verification: ProVision (cont.) ............................................................. 3-42 Interface Configuration: Comware .................................................................... 3-43 Port Groups: Comware ..................................................................................... 3-45 Interface Verification: Comware ........................................................................ 3-47 Interface Verification: Comware (cont.) ............................................................. 3-48 Interface Verification: Comware ........................................................................ 3-49 Interface Verification: Comware ........................................................................ 3-49 Basic Troubleshooting Commands ................................................................... 3-51 Basic Troubleshooting Commands (cont.) ........................................................ 3-52

MAC Address Table ............................................................................ 3-52 ARP Table ........................................................................................... 3-53 Ping Testing ........................................................................................ 3-53 Debug Commands .............................................................................. 3-54

Link Layer Detection Protocol (LLDP) ............................................................... 3-56 Viewing LLDP Information ................................................................................ 3-58

ProVision: LLDP ................................................................................. 3-58 Comware: LLDP ................................................................................. 3-59

Learning Check ................................................................................................ 3-61 Lab Activity 3: Lab Topology ............................................................................. 3-62 Lab Activity Preview: Basic Setup ..................................................................... 3-63 Lab Activity 3 Debrief ........................................................................................ 3-64


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Module 4: Intelligent Management Center (IMC)

Objectives........................................................................................................... 4-1 Pre-Work Review Activity: IMC ........................................................................... 4-2 IMC Overview ..................................................................................................... 4-3 HP IMC Add-On Modules ................................................................................... 4-6

HP IMC Wireless Services Manager ............................................................ 4-6 HP IMC User Behavior Auditor Module ........................................................ 4-7 HP IMC Quality of Service Manger .............................................................. 4-7 HP IMC Network Traffic Analyzer ................................................................. 4-7 HP IMC Service Operation Manager ............................................................ 4-7 HP IMC MPLS VPN Manager ...................................................................... 4-8 HP IMC Endpoint Admission Defense .......................................................... 4-8 HP IMC IPsec/VPN Manager ....................................................................... 4-8 HP IMC User Access Manager .................................................................... 4-8 HP IMC Branch Intelligent Management Software ....................................... 4-9

Licensing .......................................................................................................... 4-10 Installation: Server Hardware Requirements ..................................................... 4-13 Installation: Server Software Requirements ...................................................... 4-14 Installation: Client Requirements ...................................................................... 4-17 Deployment Options ......................................................................................... 4-18 Deployment Options: Distributed Example........................................................ 4-19 Deployment Monitoring Agent ........................................................................... 4-21 Port Usage ....................................................................................................... 4-22 Accessing IMC ................................................................................................. 4-24 Operator Groups and Privileges ....................................................................... 4-25 Device Discovery Step 1 ................................................................................ 4-27 Device Discovery - Step 2 ................................................................................ 4-28 Device Discovery - Step 3 ................................................................................ 4-29 Device Discovery - Step 4 ................................................................................ 4-31 Device Discovery - Step 5 ................................................................................ 4-32 Comware and ProVision Requirements ............................................................ 4-33 Activity: SNMP .................................................................................................. 4-34 Activity Answer: SNMP ..................................................................................... 4-36 Learning Check ................................................................................................ 4-37 Lab Activity 13: Lab Topology ........................................................................... 4-38 Lab Activity Preview: IMC ................................................................................. 4-39 Lab Activity 13 Debrief ...................................................................................... 4-40

Module 5: Protecting Management Access

Objectives........................................................................................................... 5-1 Pre-Work Review Activity: Protecting Management Access ................................ 5-2 Methods of Access ............................................................................................. 5-3 AAA .................................................................................................................... 5-5 Location of AAA Credentials ............................................................................... 5-6

Comware Authentication .............................................................................. 5-7 ProVision Authentication .............................................................................. 5-8

Privilege Level Review: ProVision....................................................................... 5-9 Resetting Passwords: ProVision ....................................................................... 5-10 Restricting Access: ProVision ........................................................................... 5-12 Restricting Access: ProVision (cont.) ................................................................ 5-13



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AAA Authentication: ProVision .......................................................................... 5-15 Access Restrictions: ProVision ......................................................................... 5-17 Comware Authentication Modes ....................................................................... 5-18 Comware Authentication Schemes ................................................................... 5-20 Restricting Access with Passwords Only: Comware ......................................... 5-21 Restricting Access with Privilege Levels: Comware .......................................... 5-23 Restricting Access with Local User Accounts: Comware ................................... 5-25 Restricting Access using AAA with RADIUS: Comware..................................... 5-27 SSH Access: ProVision ..................................................................................... 5-28 SSH Access: Comware..................................................................................... 5-30 Web Access: ProVision ..................................................................................... 5-33 IMC SSH templates .......................................................................................... 5-35

Configuring and managing access using templates and scripts in IMC ...... 5-35 SNMP: Overview .............................................................................................. 5-36 SNMP: Versions 1 and 2c ................................................................................. 5-38 SNMP: Version 3 .............................................................................................. 5-39 SNMPv1 and v2c Configuration: ProVision ....................................................... 5-40 SNMPv3 Configuration: ProVision .................................................................... 5-41

Configure an SNMPv3 Username and Password ...................................... 5-42 Configure an SNMPv3 Group .................................................................... 5-42 Other SNMPv3 Topics ............................................................................... 5-42

SNMPv1 and v2 Configuration: Comware ........................................................ 5-44 SNMP Community Strings ......................................................................... 5-44 SNMP Traps .............................................................................................. 5-44 SNMP System Information ......................................................................... 5-45 SNMPv1/v2c Sample Configuration ........................................................... 5-45

SNMPv3 Configuration: Comware .................................................................... 5-47 Step 1 - SNMPv3 Group Configuration ...................................................... 5-47 Step 2 - SNMPv3 User Configuration ........................................................ 5-48 Additional Notes - SNMPv3 User Configuration ......................................... 5-49 SNMPv3 Configuration Example ............................................................... 5-50

Learning Check ................................................................................................ 5-52 Lab Activity 4: Lab Topology ............................................................................. 5-53 Lab Activity Preview: Protecting Management Access ...................................... 5-54 Lab Activity 4 Debrief ........................................................................................ 5-55

Module 6: Management of Software and Configurations

Objectives........................................................................................................... 6-1 Pre-Work Review Activity: Management of Software and Configurations ............ 6-2 Bootup Process: ProVision ................................................................................. 6-3 Monitor ROM Console: ProVision ....................................................................... 6-4 Bootup Process: Comware ................................................................................. 6-6 Extended Boot Menu: Comware ......................................................................... 6-8 Boot Menu Options ........................................................................................... 6-12 Password Recovery Process ............................................................................ 6-13

ProVision Password Recovery ................................................................... 6-13 Comware Password Recovery ................................................................... 6-14

Flash File System: ProVision ............................................................................ 6-15 Flash File System Management: ProVision ...................................................... 6-16

Show Flash Command .............................................................................. 6-16 Show Version Command ........................................................................... 6-16


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Flash File System Management: Comware ...................................................... 6-18 Flash File System Management: Comware (cont.) ........................................... 6-19 Flash File System Management: Comware (cont.) ........................................... 6-19 Flash Commands: Comware ............................................................................ 6-21 Activity: Upgrading ............................................................................................ 6-23 Activity Answer: Upgrading ............................................................................... 6-24 Upgrade the Operating System: ProVision ....................................................... 6-25

USB Drive Installation ................................................................................ 6-25 Remote Server Installation......................................................................... 6-26

Upgrade the Operating System: ProVision (cont.) ............................................ 6-28 Testing the Flash Image with an Immediate Reboot ................................... 6-28 Specifying the Default Flash File System ................................................... 6-28 Rebooting the Switch ................................................................................. 6-29

Upgrade the Operating System: Comware ....................................................... 6-30 Comware Application Code........................................................................ 6-30 Copying the File ......................................................................................... 6-31 Specifying the Application File to Use ........................................................ 6-32

Configuration Files: ProVision ........................................................................... 6-34 Saving Configuration Changes .................................................................. 6-34 Managing Multiple Configuration Files ....................................................... 6-35 Changing the Reboot Configuration Policy ................................................ 6-35

Configuration Files: ProVision (cont.) ................................................................ 6-37 Renaming Configuration Files .................................................................... 6-37 Copying Configuration Files ....................................................................... 6-37 Backing Up and Restoring Configuration Files ........................................... 6-38 Resetting the Switch Back to Factory Defaults........................................... 6-38

Configuration Files: Comware........................................................................... 6-40 Saving the Current Running Configuration ................................................. 6-40 Specifying the Startup Configuration File ................................................... 6-41

Configuration Files: Comware (cont.) ................................................................ 6-43 Backing Up the Startup Configuration File ................................................. 6-43 Restoring a Startup Configuration File ....................................................... 6-43 Deleting a Startup Configuration File ......................................................... 6-44

IMC software and config management ............................................................. 6-45 Learning Check ................................................................................................ 6-46 Lab Activity 5: Lab Topology ............................................................................. 6-47 Lab Activity Preview: Management of Software and Configurations .................. 6-48 Lab Activity 5 Debrief ........................................................................................ 6-49

Module 7: VLANs

Objectives........................................................................................................... 7-1 Pre-Work Review Activity: VLANs ....................................................................... 7-2 Overview of VLANs ............................................................................................ 7-3 VLAN Problems and Solutions............................................................................ 7-5 Switches and VLANs: Physical Topology ............................................................ 7-6 Switches and VLANs: Logical Topology .............................................................. 7-7 VLAN Types ....................................................................................................... 7-8

Port-Based VLANs ...................................................................................... 7-8 MAC Address-Based VLANs ....................................................................... 7-8 Protocol-Based VLANs ................................................................................ 7-9 IP Subnet-Based VLANs.............................................................................. 7-9 Policy-Based VLANs.................................................................................... 7-9



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Identifying VLANs: 802.1Q Overview ................................................................ 7-11 Identifying VLANs: 802.1Q Tagging .................................................................. 7-12

IEEE 802.1Q Standard ....................................................................... 7-12 Identifying VLANs: Using Tags .......................................................................... 7-14

Multiple Port-Based VLANs ....................................................................... 7-14 Tagged VLANs........................................................................................... 7-14 VLAN Operating Rules .............................................................................. 7-15 Forwarding within a VLAN on an HP Switches ........................................... 7-16

Step-by-Step: Layer 2 Forwarding Between Hosts in the Same VLAN 7-17 Step-by-Step: Tag Manipulation in Layer 2 Forwarding ....................... 7-18

Activity: VLAN Tagging ..................................................................................... 7-20 Activity Answer: VLAN Tagging ......................................................................... 7-21 HP Terminology: Comware ............................................................................... 7-22 HP Terminology: ProVision ............................................................................... 7-24 Port Types: Example......................................................................................... 7-25 VLAN Configuration .......................................................................................... 7-26 VLAN Configuration: ProVision ......................................................................... 7-28

Changing the Number of VLANs ................................................................ 7-28 Creating a New Static VLAN ...................................................................... 7-28 Deleting a VLAN ........................................................................................ 7-29 Defining the Secure Management VLAN ................................................... 7-30

VLAN Configuration: ProVision (cont.) .............................................................. 7-31 Changing the Primary VLAN ...................................................................... 7-31 Untagged Ports in a VLAN ......................................................................... 7-31 Tagged Ports in a VLAN ............................................................................ 7-32

VLAN Configuration Example: ProVision .......................................................... 7-34 VLAN Verification: ProVision ............................................................................. 7-37 VLAN Configuration: Comware ......................................................................... 7-39

Creating VLANs ......................................................................................... 7-39 Configuring Access Ports ........................................................................... 7-40 Configuring Trunks .................................................................................... 7-40

VLAN Configuration: Comware (cont.) .............................................................. 7-43 Configuring Hybrid Ports ............................................................................ 7-43 VLAN Configuration Example: Comware ................................................... 7-45

VLAN Configuration Example: Comware (cont.) ............................................... 7-46 VLAN Verification: Comware ............................................................................ 7-47 VLAN management using IMC ......................................................................... 7-49 IP Configuration Defaults .................................................................................. 7-50 IP Configuration: ProVision ............................................................................... 7-51 IP Configuration: Comware ............................................................................... 7-53 Learning Check ................................................................................................ 7-54 Lab Activity 6: Lab Topology ............................................................................. 7-55 Lab Activity Preview: VLANs ............................................................................. 7-56 Lab Activity 6 Debrief ........................................................................................ 7-57

Module 8: IP Services

Objectives........................................................................................................... 8-1 Pre-Work Review Activity: IP Services ................................................................ 8-2 DHCP Overview ................................................................................................. 8-3 Common DHCP Options ..................................................................................... 8-5 DHCP Server Process ........................................................................................ 8-7 DHCP Server Configuration: Comware ............................................................... 8-9


Contents

Rev. 14.21 vii

Principles for Selecting an Address Pool...................................................... 8-9 Configuring a DHCP Server for Dynamic Address Assignment .................. 8-10

DHCP Server Example: Comware .................................................................... 8-12 DHCP Server Verification: Comware ................................................................ 8-13 DHCP Relay Process ....................................................................................... 8-14 DHCP Relay Configuration: ProVision .............................................................. 8-15 DHCP Relay Configuration: Comware .............................................................. 8-17 Network Time Protocol (NTP) Overview ........................................................... 8-19 NTP Operational Modes ................................................................................... 8-21

Client/Server Mode .................................................................................... 8-21 Symmetric Peers Mode ............................................................................. 8-22 Broadcast Mode ........................................................................................ 8-22 Multicast Mode .......................................................................................... 8-23

Manual Time Configuration ............................................................................... 8-25 SNTP Configuration: ProVision ......................................................................... 8-27 SNTP Verification: ProVision ............................................................................ 8-29 NTP Configuration: Comware ........................................................................... 8-31 NTP Verification: Comware ............................................................................... 8-32 Event Log Overview: ProVision ........................................................................ 8-34 Event Log Messages: ProVision ....................................................................... 8-36 Event Log Menu: ProVision .............................................................................. 8-38 Event Log (CLI): ProVision ............................................................................... 8-39 Syslog Server: ProVision .................................................................................. 8-41 IMC as Syslog server ....................................................................................... 8-42 Information Center Overview: Comware ........................................................... 8-43 Information Center Severity Levels: Comware .................................................. 8-45 Information Center Configuration: Comware ..................................................... 8-46 Information Center Verification: Comware......................................................... 8-48 DNS Configuration ............................................................................................ 8-51 Learning Check ................................................................................................ 8-53 Lab Activity 7: Lab Topology ............................................................................. 8-54 Lab Activity Preview: IP Services ...................................................................... 8-55 Lab Activity 7 Debrief ........................................................................................ 8-56



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Rev. 14.21 1 1

Introduction Module 1

Overview This module introduces the topics covered in this course.

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Welcome to HPs ATP HP FlexNetwork Fundamentals

Figure 1-1: Welcome

The goals of this course are to provide you an introduction on the HP ProVision and Comware networking products, focusing on the ProVision switches and wireless MSM access points (APs) and the Comware switches. To reinforce the knowledge that you learn, most of the modules have a corresponding lab to complement what you learned.

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Introduction

Rev. 14.21 1 3

Course Agenda

Figure 1-2: Course Agenda.






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There are 13 modules covered in the three day coursebetween lecture, activities, and lab exercises, youll be busy for the duration of the three days.

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Introduction

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Prerequisites

Figure 1-7: Prerequisites.

This course is not an introduction to networking course: you must meet certain requirements and have certain networking knowledge and expertise in order to benefit the most from this course.

Before taking this class, you should meet the prerequisites. These include two web-based trainings (WBTs):

Getting Started with HP Switching and Routing (Course ID 00731204)

Getting Started with HP Wireless Networks (Course ID 00731293)

The WBTs can be viewed by logging into The Learning Center, www.hp.com/certification

.Also you can view HP Networking Fundamentals videos on the following topics:

Binary - (Course ID 00764942)

OSI Model - (Course ID 00764936)

IP Addressing - (Course ID 00766100)

IP Subnetting - (Course ID 00764933)

Spanning Tree - (Course ID 00764948)

Routing - (Course ID 00764946)

Data Flows - (Course ID 00765397)

TCP / UDP - (Course ID 00765415)

VLANs - (Course ID 00764953)

These videos can be found in the My ExpertOne portal on the www.hp.com/certification website.



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Introduction

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Course Schedule

Figure 1-8: Course schedule.

Figure 1-8 lists the schedule for this course. There is a lot of information covered during the three days, based on a lecture, group activities, and lab exercise approach to learning. Please try to be in the course the full three days in order to benefit the most from the course.

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ExpertOne HP Networking Certifications

Figure 1-9: HP Networking Certifications.

HP networking solutions are built to deliver predictable performance, high availability, and security, using products and technologies that offer scalability, cutting-edge features, energy efficiency, and reduced complexity.

The HP ExpertOne program offers a full range of networking curricula, from beginning-level courses all the way up to Master ASE classes. You'll also find fast-track programs that let you leverage your current industry certifications from Cisco and other companies, building on the investment you've already made in networking education.

As a participant in the HP ExpertOne networking training and certification program, you'll gain:

Access to robust courseware

Rapid professional cross-certification

Proven practices for networking interoperability

Differentiation in the job market


Introduction

Rev. 14.21 1 9

Introductions

Figure 1-10: Course introductions.

Please introduce yourself to your class mates.

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Converged Infrastructure Module 2

Objectives After completing this module, you should be able to understand the components of a converged infrastructure using HPs FlexNetwork Architecture framework, which includes the following components:

FlexFabric

FlexCampus

FlexBranch

FlexManagement

Software-Defined Networks (SDN)

Note There are a lot of technologies that are introduced or mentioned in this module, but because this is an introduction to converged infrastructure, they are not covered in any depth. To understand how these technologies are used in a converged infrastructure in large enterprise networks, you should investigate technologies like BGP, TRILL, RRPP, VEPA, to name a few.

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Pre-work Review Activity: Converged Infrastructure

In this activity, you will develop three questions that involve key components an enterprise company desires when converging its infrastructure into a single network topology.

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Converged Infrastructure

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FlexNetwork Architecture: Converged Infrastructure

Figure 21: FlexNetwork Architecture: Converged Infrastructure.

The FlexNetwork Architecture is the basis for HP Networkings strategy for networks of all sizes, from global enterprise networks to the small/medium business networks. The following is an overview of the FlexNetwork Architecture.

A new dawn of technology innovation is driving unprecedented change. Mobility, virtualization, high-definition video, rich-media collaboration tools and cloud computing are reinventing how businessesand peoplework.

Enterprises that can understand and successfully implement these innovations will have new tools to drive business advantage and build new opportunities in the global marketplace. When legacy networks are pushed to the limit, they become fragile, difficult to manage, vulnerable and expensive to operate. Businesses whose networks are at this breaking point risk missing the next wave of opportunity.

Application-driven, service-oriented architectures (SOA) and virtualization have made the client-server model from the data center somewhat obsolete. Cloud computing also makes heavy use of server virtualization, which reshapes data center traffic flows and increases bandwidth demands at the server edge. According to HPs web site (http:// http://h17007.www1.hp.com/us/en/networking/solutions/flexnetwork/index.aspx) on FlexNetwork Architecture, by 2014, network planners should expect more than 80 percent of traffic in the data centers local area network (LAN) to be between servers.

Efforts at flexibility can be hampered by legacy data center networks. They cannot provide high enough bandwidth and low enough latency between server connections to support highly mobile virtual workloads.

As business volumes rise, traffic levels are exploding. Virtualization has taken root across businesses of all sizes. Today, roughly 50 percent of all workloads are virtualized and Gartner expects that this will hit 75 percent by 2015 and continue to grow beyond this level. Traffic within the server rack is expected to grow by 25 times. Immersed in technology at home, business workers have quickly acclimated to a rich-media experience and are using video and interactive collaboration tools.



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Soon, more than 25 percent of the documents that workers see in a day will be dominated by pictures, video and audio. New video applications will push network capacity needs by four to ten times above current average levels.

Legacy networks, with their decade-old architectures, are likely to be overwhelmed by the steady growth of applications, virtualization and rich media. Conventional three-tier data center networks cannot meet the security, agility and performance requirements of virtualized cloud computing environments. The legacy three-tier network architecture is constrained by oversubscription, low bandwidth and high latencythe exact opposite of what video collaboration requires.

Mobility has quickly become a right, not a privilege. Soon, the combined installed base of smartphones and browser-equipped smartphones will exceed 1.82 billion units. The preferred way to connect will be through wireless LAN (WLAN), rather than lower speed 3G or 4G networks. Workers need to access applications and content from anywhere to stay productive and that means applications must be delivered flawlessly from a virtual data center to a virtual workplace.

Yet many enterprises have experienced disappointing results with their existing WLAN deployments because of a poor user experience and a network that doesnt scale to meet the increasing demand of mobile users. The embrace of smartphones and tablets at work will also break the traditional models for identity management and security that allow access based on a network port, rather than a users identity. This is especially true for users that bring their own devices (BYOD).

Todays networks must be designed to meet the unique requirements of the data center, corporate campus and branch office. By segmenting their networks, enterprises will be able to more easily align business initiatives with the underlying network requirements. Companies can create functional building blocks that will meet the requirements of the specific application or business service.

With this segmentation of functional building blocks, businesses can choose best-in-class solutions that fit their needs, rather than being locked into a one-size-fits-all solution. By using standard protocols at the network boundaries, businesses can enable interoperability among the network segments and gain both agility and scale.

The HP FlexNetwork Architecture and its functional building blocks (Figure 2-1) are a key component of the HP Converged Infrastructure. Enterprises can align their networks with their business needseven as they changeby segmenting their networks into four interrelated modular building blocks that comprise the HP FlexNetwork Architecture: FlexFabric, FlexCampus, FlexBranch and FlexManagement.

www.hp.com/networking



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FlexNetwork Benefits

Figure 22: FlexNetwork Benefits.

FlexManagement unifies network management and orchestration. FlexFabric converges and secures the data center network with compute and storage. FlexCampus unifies wired and wireless networks to deliver media-optimized, secure, identity-based access and FlexBranch unifies network functionality and services for simplicity in the branch office.

The HP FlexNetwork Architecture is designed to allow IT to manage these different network segments through a single pane-of-glass management application, HP Intelligent Management Center (IMC). Due to the fact that the FlexNetwork Architecture is based on open standards, companies have the freedom to choose the best-in-class solution for their businesses.

Even with the shift to the cloud, the HP FlexNetwork Architecture is ideal for supporting this move. Enterprises deploying private clouds must implement simpler data center networks to support the bandwidth-intensive, delay-sensitive server-to-server virtual machine and workload traffic flows that are associated with cloud computing. They must also be able to administer and secure virtual resources and orchestrate on-demand services. HP FlexNetwork helps enterprises to securely deploy and centrally orchestrate video, cloud and mobile-optimized architectures that scale from the data center to the network edge.

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Trend 1: Data Center Consolidation and Cloud Computing

Figure 2-3: Trend 1: Data Center Consolidation and Cloud Computing.

In the past, a campus had most of its applications running on local servers. Today, the trend is to consolidate all servers and services in a single, centralized data center or to locate the services in a private cloud.

The reasons behind this trend are multiple:

Operational: it is easier to maintain (install, monitor, update, troubleshoot) thesystems if they are all located in the same place.

Resources: no need to duplicate application servers, storage, backupresources as well as expert human assets.

In any of these cases, applications are accessed remotely via a WAN or a VPN and the total bandwidth available for these applications is limited by these links.

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2 8 Rev. 14.21

Trend 2: Application Architecture and Virtual Clients

Figure 2-4: Trend 2: Application Architecture and Virtual Clients.

In the past, typical business applications were based on the client-server model. Different implementations of the client-server model would have differing functions at the client and at the server side, requiring differing levels of traffic between the client and the server. For example, some table lookups would be implemented directly in the server; while in others; whole tables would have to be transferred to the client for the search.

Todays business applications tend to be completely server-based with a web interface as the client. In other words the client is virtualized in the server and controlled remotely via a web-based interface. The server side is no longer a single massive application. It is now a structured server set with a generic database server and storage system in the back end, an application server running the specific application logic in the middle and a web server in the front to which the client connects.

In this scheme, the traffic between the users station and the server system is minimal, except possibly when printing. This works well in the remote data center/cloud environment because it makes the best use of wide area network (WAN)/virtual private network (VPN) links possible.

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Rev. 14.21 2 9

Trend 3: UC&C: East-West Traffic

Figure 25: Trend 3: UC&C: East-West Traffic.

The dynamics of todays work environment make it almost impossible for people to meet face to face every time they need to collaborate. Yet the need for unified communication & collaboration (UC&C) is stronger than ever. Collaboration now requires multimedia applications that include: voice, video, chat and desktop/application sharing.

While traditional applications require traffic to flow between a client and server, collaboration tools require traffic to flow between clients. Client to server traffic is called north-south (N-S) traffic and client to client traffic is called east-west (E-W) traffic.

Even when three-tier database applications and remote datacenters reduce the demand for bandwidth in the campus, collaboration applications reestablish that demand, adding the need for flatter LANs (less tiers) whenever possible. E-W collaboration traffic has different QoS (Quality of Service) requirements than traditional N-S traffic. E-W traffic requires low jitter, low delay and is intolerant toward packet loss.

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2 10 Rev. 14.21

FlexFabric: Overview

Figure 26: FlexFabric Overview.

HP provides data center networking solutions that improve service levels, ensure business continuity, enable service agility and reduce capital & operating costs. They are built from the ground up to meet the demanding needs of today's highly-virtualized, large-scale application environments.

The FlexFabric Network architecture is a blueprint for interconnected, integrated and aligned servers, storage, software and power & management in an end-to-end Converged Infrastructure. HP data center networking solutions are built to empower IT to deliver better business outcomes.

A storage area network (SAN) is a dedicated network that provides access to consolidated, block level data storage. SANs are primarily used to make storage devices, such as disk arrays and tape libraries, accessible to servers so that the devices appear like locally attached devices to the operating system. A SAN typically has its own network of storage devices that are generally not accessible through the local area network by other devices.

Sharing storage simplifies storage administration and adds flexibility since cables and storage devices do not have to be physically moved to shift storage from one server to another. Other benefits include the ability to allow servers to boot from the SAN itself. This allows for a quick and easy replacement of faulty servers since the SAN can support a replacement server using the identity of the faulty server.

How the applications access their data in SANs depends on the location of the storage within the SAN.

Fibre Channel, or FC, is a high-speed network technology (commonly runningat 2-, 4-, 8- and 16-gigabit speeds) primarily used for storage networking.Fibre Channel is standardized in the T11 Technical Committee of theInternational Committee for Information Technology Standards (INCITS), anAmerican National Standards Institute (ANSI)-accredited standardscommittee. Basically Fibre Channel is running Small Computer SystemInterface (SCSI), a bus standard for connecting computers and theirperipherals. FC runs SCSI directly between the server hardware and the SAN.



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Fibre Channel over Ethernet (FCoE) is an encapsulation of Fibre Channel frames over Ethernet networks. This allows Fibre Channel to use 10 Gigabit Ethernet networks (or higher speeds) while preserving the Fibre Channel protocol. Many data centers use Ethernet for TCP/IP networks and Fibre Channel for storage area networks (SANs). With FCoE, Fibre Channel becomes another network protocol running on Ethernet, alongside traditional Internet Protocol (IP) traffic. The main limitation of FCoE is that the devices must be in the same layer 2 network (broadcast domain or VLAN).

Internet Small Computer System Interface (iSCSI) uses TCP, allowing two hosts to negotiate and then exchange SCSI commands using IP networks across different subnets (routed links). By doing this iSCSI takes a popular high-performance local storage bus and emulates it over wide-area networks, creating a SAN. Unlike some SAN protocols, iSCSI requires no dedicated cabling; it can be run over existing IP infrastructure. As a result, iSCSI is often seen as a low-cost alternative to Fibre Channel, which requires dedicated infrastructure except in its FCoE form. However, the performance of an iSCSI SAN deployment can be severely degraded if not operated on a dedicated network or subnet (LAN or VLAN).

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2 12 Rev. 14.21

FlexFabric: Architecture

Figure 27: FlexFabric architecture.

The HP FlexFabric architecture combines advanced, standards-based platforms and advanced networking technologies to optimize performance and reduce latency in virtualized server environments. This approach reduces complexity, enables rapid businesses-aligned network provisioning and lowers total cost of ownership.

HP FlexFabric connects servers to a virtualized, high performance, low-latency network that consolidates multiple protocols into a single fabric to significantly lower network complexity and cost. This unique, wire-once approach will enable businesses to combine Ethernet and storage networks onto one converged fabric that can easily flex with changing workloads.

FlexFabric is the vision HP has for a next-generation, highly scalable data center network. This architecture radically streamlines deployment and management and drives end-to-end data center agility through advanced technology, simplified network designs and tightly integrated management. FlexFabric connects servers to a virtualized, high-performance, low-latency interconnect that consolidates multiple protocols to significantly reduce network complexity and cost.

This unique, wire-once approach enables Ethernet and storage networks to be combined into one converged fabric that can easily scale and adapt to changing workloads. Combining intelligence at the server edge with advanced FlexFabric management tools, FlexFabric enables virtualization-aware networking, predictable performance and rapid, secure, business-enabling provisioning of data center resources.

Along with a line of virtualization-optimized HP BladeSystem integrated network connectivity devices (Virtual Connect, Virtual Connect Flex-10 and Virtual Connect FlexFabric), HP offers a complete portfolio of data center networking products, including Fibre Channel over Ethernet (FCoE)-capable top-of-rack server edge and high-performance, highly scalable aggregation layer and core switch platforms. With high-performance security and advanced network provisioning tools to securely and efficiently manage the network FlexFabric networks may be deployed today thereby providing a foundation for future growth.



Rev. 14.21 2 13

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2 14 Rev. 14.21

FlexFabric: Data Center Products

Figure 28: FlexFabric: Data Center Products.

The HP FlexFabric 12900 Switch Series is a next-generation modular data center core switch designed to support virtualized data centers and the evolving needs of private and public cloud deployments.

The FlexFabric 12900 switch delivers unprecedented levels of performance, buffering, scale, and availability with high-density 10GbE and 40GbE today, as well as a readiness to provide 100GbE in the future. The HP FlexFabric 12900 Switch Series includes a 10-slot chassis with front-to-back airflow.

Ready for software-defined networking (SDN), the switch supports full Layer 2 and 3 features, including advanced features such as TRansparent Interconnection of Lots of Links (TRILL) and Intelligent Resilient Framework (IRF), which provides the ability to build large, resilient switching fabrics. The HP FlexFabric 12900 Switch Series also supports fully redundant and hot-swappable components to complement its other enterprise-class capabilities.

Nonblocking, lossless Clos architecture

Large Layer 2 scaling with TRILL and HP IRF

DCB and FCoE convergence

Enhanced modularity with control and data plane separation

High 10GbE and 40GbE density; 100GbE ready across 36 Tb/s switch fabric

Note The term CLOS is not an acronym, but rather a reference to a Clos network, which is a type of circuit switching network that was first formalized by Charles Clos.

The HP 12500 Switch Series is a family of powerful, next-generation routing switches with outstanding capacity for the network core or data center. Besides having innovative Intelligent Resilient Framework (IRF) technology that provides unprecedented levels of performance and high availability, the HP 12500 Switch Series incorporate Open Application Architecture (OAA) modules, which enables flexible deployment options for new services. These switches also have energy-efficiency features that drive down operational expenses and are ideal for organizations contemplating large-scale data center consolidations, business



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continuity and disaster recovery sites, metropolitan area network deployments and other applications requiring a robust, high-performance switching platform.

Traditional switch architectures utilizing a cross-bar fabric will not scale to high densities of 40GbE and 100GbE connectivity. Switches with a CLOS architecture (10500 and 12500 Switch Series as of the publication of this course) provide a high-density on non-blocking 10GbE connections and can scale to 40GbE and 100GbE environments. Choose these switches for customers with large networks, who want a future-proof, non-blocking solution. You also need to consider the switch fabric and connectivity modules, which need to provide orthogonal connections between ports and the fabric to take advantage of the CLOS architecture

Advanced architecture: mid-plane, CLOS

13.32 Tb switching capacity

High-density 10GbE with 288 1:1, 576 4:1 ports

40/100 GbE ready

Redundant switching fabric, power supply, fan tray

The HP FlexFabric 11900 Switch Series is a high-performance data center aggregation switch that provides line-rate, high-density 10GbE and 40 GbE connectivity designed for cost-effective end-of-row (EoR) and small core deployments.

With latency as low as 3 s, the HP FlexFabric 11900 Switch Series can scale to 384 1 GbE/10GbE and 64 40 GbE ports. The switch delivers up to 7.7 Tb/s switching capacity and 5.8 Bpps forwarding throughput. A broad variety of interface options is available, including GbE, 10GbE and 40 GbE.

Ready for software-defined networking (SDN), the switch supports full Layer 2 and 3 features, including advanced features such as TRansparent Interconnection of Lots of Links (TRILL) and Intelligent Resilient Framework (IRF), which provides the ability to build large, resilient switching fabrics. The HP FlexFabric 11900 Switch Series also supports fully redundant and hot-swappable components to complement its other enterprise-class capabilities.

High-performance CLOS-based switching architecture

Large layer 2 scaling with TRILL and HP IRF

Feature-rich routing with IPv4/IPv6, MPLS, and QoS

Enhanced modularity with control and data plane separation

High 10GbE and 40 GbE density; 100 GbE ready across 7.7 Tb/s switch fabric

The HP 5920 Switch Series is made up of high-density 10GbE ports, ultra-deep packet buffering, top-of-rack (ToR) switches. These switches are part of the HP FlexFabric solution module of the HP FlexNetwork Architecture and are ideally suited for deployments at the server access layer of large enterprise data centers. The HP 5920 Switch Series is also designed for content delivery networks, especially when used to reduce network congestion at the I/O that is associated with the heavy use of server virtualization, as well as multimedia, storage applications and other critical services that often happen in bursts. With the increase in virtualized applications and server-to-server traffic, there is now a requirement for ToR switch innovations to meet the need for higher-performance



2 16 Rev. 14.21

server connectivity, convergence of Ethernet and storage traffic, the capability to handle virtual environments and ultra-deep packet buffering all in a single device.

Ultra-deep packet buffering

HP IRF for virtualization and two-tier architecture

High 10GbE port density

IPv6 support in ToR with full L2/L3 features

Transparent Interconnection of Lots of Links (TRILL) and Virtual Ethernet PortAggregator (VEPA) readiness for virtualized networks

The HP 5900 Switch Series is a family of high-density, ultra-low latency, top-of-rack (ToR) switches. It is part of the HP FlexFabric solution of the HP FlexNetwork Architecture. Ideally suited for deployment at the server access layer of large enterprise data centers, the HP 5900 Switch Series is also designed for deployment at the data center core layer of medium-sized enterprises. With the increase in virtualized applications and server-to-server traffic, customers now require ToR switch innovations that will meet their needs for higher-performance server connectivity, convergence of Ethernet and storage traffic, the capability to handle virtual environments and ultra-low latency all in a single device.

Cut-through/low-latency and large buffer options

HP IRF for virtualization/two-tier architecture

High 1/10 GbE port density with 40GbE uplink

IPv6 support in ToR with full L2/L3 features

Convergence ready with DCB (Data Centre Bridging) and FCoE

The HP 5830AF Switch Series is a family of high-density 1GbE top-of-rack data center and campus switches that are a part of the HP FlexNetwork Architecture's HP FlexFabric solution module. The two models, the HP 5830AF-48G and HP 5830AF-96G switches, are ideally suited for deployments at the server access layer in medium-sized and large enterprise data centers and campus networks. The HP 5830AF-48G Switch delivers 48 1GbE ports and up to four 10GbE ports in a space-saving 1RU package, while the HP 5830AF-96G Switch provides an industry-leading 96 1GbE ports and up to 10 10GbE uplink ports in a 2RU form factor.

Stackable, high port density for high scalability

HP IRF technology for simpler two-tier networks

Ultra-deep (1 GB and 3 GB) packet buffers

Full L2/L3 features, IPv4 and IPv6 dual stack

Lower OPEX and greener data centers

The HP 5820 Switch Series supports advanced features that deliver a unique combination of unmatched 10 Gigabit Ethernet; Fibre Channel over Ethernet (FCoE) connectivity; high-availability architecture; full Layer 2/3 dual-stack IPv4/IPv6; and line-rate, low-latency performance on all ports. Extensible embedded application capabilities enable these switches to integrate services into the network, consolidating devices and appliances to simplify deployment and reduce power consumption and rack space. Extremely versatile, the switches can be used in high-performance, high-density building or department cores as part of



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a consolidated network; for data center top-of-rack server access; or as high-performance Layer 3, 10GbE aggregation switches in campus and data center networks.

For enterprise edge, or distribution/data center

Up to 24 ports of 10GbE per unit/194 per stack

Flex chassismodular resiliency (can add additional application modules)

Cut-through switching for very low latency

Hot-swappable I/O, power supplies and fans

HP 5800 Switch Series offer an unmatched combination of Gigabit and 10-Gigabit Ethernet port density, high-availability architecture and full Layer 2 and Layer 3 dual-stack IPv4 and IPv6 capabilities. In addition to wire-speed line-rate performance on all ports, the switches include patented Intelligent Resilient Framework (IRF) technology and Rapid Ring Protection Protocol (RRPP), which allow local or geographically distributed HP 5800 switches to be interconnected for higher resiliency and performance. Available in PoE and non-PoE models as well as 1 RU and 2 RU flex chassis configurations, HP 5800 switches are built on open standards and include an Open Application Architecture (OAA) module slot that enables flexible deployment options for new services. These versatile switches are ideal for use in the network core of buildings or departments, or as high-performance switches in the convergence layer or network edge of enterprise campus networks.

For enterprise core, distribution, data center

Flex chassis with modular resiliency

Support for up to 84 ports

OAA module for flexible deployment

Redundant, hot-swappable power supplies, fans

Designed for the HP BladeSystem c-Class enclosure, the HP 6120G/XG and HP 6125G/XG Blade Switches provides 16 1GbE downlinks and 4 1GbE copper uplinks, 2 1GbE SFP uplinks, along with 3 10GbE uplinks and a single 10GbE cross-connect. A robust set of industry-standard Layer 2 switching functions, QoS metering, security and high-availability features round out this extremely capable blade switch. The HP 6120G/XG blade switch is perfectly suited for data centers in transition, where a mix of 1GbE and 10GbE network connections is required. The HP 6120G/XG blade switch provides consistency and interoperability throughout existing network investments to help reduce the complexity of network management through resilient core-to-edge connectivity and automated provisioning technologies. With a variety of connection interfaces, the HP 6120G/XG blade switch offers excellent investment protection, flexibility and scalability, as well as ease of deployment and reduced operational expense.

Layer 2 blade switch for BladeSystem c-Class

Flexible Gigabit and 10-Gb connectivity

Enterprise-class security, resiliency, management

Lifetime warranty



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Traditionally, there were only two ways to connect server blades to outside networks and storagepass-thru modules or switches. The pass-thru approach is simple, but it leaves a company with countless cables and the associated cabling cost, reliability concerns and risk of human errors. Blade switches reduce the number of cables needed but lead to more switches and their management. And with either approach, its hard to separate server management from network and storage management. HP Virtual Connect (VC) technology changes all of this. It is the next step in virtualizationhelping IT fully realize the benefits of a converged infrastructure. It extends the benefit of virtualization beyond the server to the rest of your IT infrastructure. HP VC simplifies a companys IT infrastructure by virtualizing server-to-network connections. HP Virtual Connect is the industry leading converged networking solution for bladed servers. Designed for the HP BladeSystem c-Class, Virtual Connect enables deployment of access layer solutions, including FCoE, in a simple and extremely flexible way to connect bladed servers to IP LANs and FC SANs. HP offers the Virtual Connect FlexFabric 10 GbE/24-Port module and three FlexFabric adapters. The HP VC FlexFabric modules and FlexFabric adapters extend Flex-10 technology to include Fibre Channel over Ethernet (FCoE) and accelerated iSCSI. HP continues to advance simpler network infrastructure and server connection management with HP VC FlexFabric modules and FlexFabric adapters. A company can apply industry-standard convergence technology to address issues of network sprawl, without disrupting your LAN and SAN setup.

Figure 29: Virtual Connect Overview.

Figure 2-9 shows a simple example of how VC can leverage HP Comware switches by using distributed link aggregation from the VC module to the two HP Comware switches, like 5900s, for example.

Figure 2-10 shows a more detailed example of using VC modules to simplify the connectivity of VMs in a blade solution to external switches.



Rev. 14.21 2 19

Figure 2-10: Virtual Connect example.

The HP 8800 Router Series provide wire-speed 10GbEforwarding as well as carrier-class services, security and availability to meet the robust demands of service and application providers.

Distributed architecture

High-performance routing provides switching capacity of up to 1,440 Gbps and forwarding performance up to 864 Mpps

Flexible chassis selection: 12 I/O-slot chassis, 8 I/O-slot chassis, 5 I/O-slot chassis

High-density WAN and LAN (Ethernet, 10GbE, OC-3~192)

Carrier-class reliability

Advanced routing, switching and security features

The HP HSR6800 Router Series is a portfolio of high-performance WAN services routers that are ideal for large-scale data center and campus WAN networks. These routers are built with a multicore distributed processing architecture that scales up to 420 Mpps forwarding and up to 2 Tbps switch capacity. They deliver robust routing (MPLS, IPv4, IPv6, dynamic routing, and nested QoS), security (stateful firewall, IPSec/Dynamic VPN, DoS protection, and NAT), full Layer 2



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switching, traffic analysis capabilities, and high-density 10GbE (and 40/100 GbE-ready) WAN interface optionsall integrated in a single high-performance routing platform.

High-performance services with up to 420 Mpps forwarding and 2 Tbpsswitching capacity

Multiple WAN interfaces support Fast Ethernet/Gigabit Ethernet/10GbEports, OC3~OC48 POS/CPOS, and ATM ports

Flexible port selection provides a combination of fiber/copper interfacemodules, 100/1000BASE-X auto-speed selection, and 10/100/1000BASE-Tauto-speed detection plus auto duplex and MDI/MDI-X; is speed adaptablebetween 155 M POS/622 M POS/Gigabit Ethernet

Loopback supports internal loopback testing for maintenance purposes andan increase in availability; loopback detection protects against incorrectcabling or network configurations and can be enabled on a per-port or per-VLAN basis for added flexibility

Separate data and control planes provide greater flexibility and enablecontinual services

Hot-swappable modules facilitate the replacement of hardware interfacemodules without impacting the traffic flow through the system

Optional redundant power supply provides uninterrupted power; allows hot-swapping of one of the two supplies when installed

Hitless software upgrades allow patches to be installed without restartingthe device, increasing network uptime and simplifying maintenance

IP Fast Reroute Framework (FRR) nodes are configured with backup portsand routes; local implementation requires no cooperation of adjacent devices,simplifying the deployment; solves the traditional convergence faults in IPforwarding; achieves restoration within 50 ms, with the restoration timeindependent of the number of routes and fast link switchovers without routeconvergence.

The HP 6600 Router Series dramatically enhance service processing capacity with HP FlexNetwork Architecture. Distributed processing architecture, isolated routing and service engines, as well as isolated control and service panels, provide higher reliability and continual services. Different software service eng

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