HOWDY AGS! Welcome to KINE 426! Exercise Biomechanics.
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Transcript of HOWDY AGS! Welcome to KINE 426! Exercise Biomechanics.
HOWDY AGS!
Welcome to KINE 426!
Exercise Biomechanics
KINE 426Dr. John Lawler - lecture instructorClay Duval, Kumar Joshi: laboratory assistantsJohn Lawler - support
Exercise Biomechanics
Traditional class name: Kinesiology
KINE 426Exercise Biomechanics
Usain Bolt
KINE 426Bee Prepared!
Read presentations and lab materials ahead. Take Notes during class Study Nightly
Kinesiology – The Science of Movement
Kinein – to move
Logos – to discourse or study in a scientific manner
Exercise BiomechanicsRepresents the human body as a mechanical system or machine
Involves the application of physics and engineering principles during analysis of locomotion (walking, running, etc.), exercise, athletic activities, and rehabilitation (PT, OT, cardiac rehab.)
Young discipline --> TechnologyComputer-equipment interface, cell & molecular biology
Exercise BiomechanicsYoung discipline --> TechnologyComputer-equipment interface, cell & molecular
biology Digital Video
Exercise BiomechanicsYoung discipline --> Technology: hands-on
Course Content and DesignBased on a description and set of standards proposed by the American Alliance of Physical Education, Recreation, and Dance (AAHPERD) in 1991
Course Description: “An integrative, mechanistic study of the biomechanics human motion during physical activity and exercise: biology and mechanical properties of the human movement system including bones, tendons, ligaments, cartilage, skeletal muscle, joints, and other whole body mechanisms are investigated.”
The Human Mechanical System(Human Movement System)
Skeletal muscle - driving force & power
Connective tissueBonesTendonsLigamentsCartilageFascia - skeletal muscle Guidance system - receptors (ex. muscle spindles)
Processors (brain, spinal cord, motorneurons)
Using Exercise Biomechanics
*Optimizing performance, health benefits of exerciseMinimizing chronic disease risk, physical
fitness, brain development/preservationDoing our best in athletic events
Playing safePre-hab: preparing connective tissues, muscleRe-hab: promoting recovery after injury
Integration of Disciplines --> --> Exercise Biomechanics
Anatomy – the study of body structure and functionGross (whole body) anatomyCellular anatomy
Physiology – study of the integrated function of cells, tissues, and organ systems
Mechanics – branch of physics which studies forces and their effects on mechanical structures
Integration of Disciplines --> --> Exercise Biomechanics
Statics - branch of mechanics dealing with systems in a constant state of motion
Dynamics - branch of mechanics dealing with systems subject to acceleration
Biomechanics: “Application of mechanical principles in the study of living organisms and their function”
ANATOMY PHYSIOLOGY MECHANICS
BIOMECHANICS
EXERCISE BIOMECHANICS
SPORTS
MEDICINE
Integrative, problem solving approach to Exercise Biomechanics
“Your mind should be a place
where you work things out,
not store a bunch of stuff.”
- Albert Einstein
Get on Board!
Get on Board!
Things move fast in the Summer!
Let’s Jump into Biomechanics!
It’s all about You
diligence
Exercise BiomechanicsCourse Structure
A. Whole Body BiomechanicsModeling mechanics - exercise
Exercise ApplicationsPerformance techniquesInjury prevention, RehabilitationUse, design of exercise, sports equipment
Applications to daily livingDesign of furnitureWorkplace design (Ergonomics)
Exercise BiomechanicsCourse Structure
B. Tissue Biomechanics - componentsBonesTendons LigamentsCartilage
Injury prevention, Rehabilitation
Exercise BiomechanicsCourse Structure
C. Skeletal Muscle & Joint BiomechanicsGeneration of force, velocity, power
TORQUE @ jointsRunningBack injuries Weight training machines
Applications (what’s in it for me?) – Teacher Certification
Understanding the capabilities and limitations of students
Developing age-appropriate activities
Developing activities which are fun, safe, and of benefit to student health
Applications – Wellness/Sports Management
Understanding the health maintenance and rehabilitative processes in:Adult fitness
Qualified personnel (ACSM certification)
National Strength and Conditioning Association, KINE degree)
Applications – Applied & Basic Exercise Physiology, Motor Learning
Understanding the health maintenance and rehabilitative processes in:
Athletic trainingTriage of sports injuriesRehabConditioning
Applications – Applied & Basic Exercise Physiology, Motor Learning
Understanding the health maintenance and rehabilitative processes in:
Cardiac Rehabilitation
Applications – Applied & Basic Exercise Physiology, Motor Learning
Understanding the health maintenance and rehabilitative processes in:
Physical TherapyRehab after surgery
– Orthopedic injury
Applications – Applied & Basic Exercise Physiology, Motor Learning
Understanding the health maintenance and rehabilitative processes in:
Occupational TherapyRelearning tasks of daily living
Applications – Applied & Basic Exercise Physiology, Motor Learning
Understanding the health maintenance and rehabilitative processes in:
MedicineDiagnosing sprain severityACL graft surgeryProstheticsArthritis
Applications – Applied & Basic Exercise Physiology, Motor Learning
Understanding the health maintenance and rehabilitative processes in:
* NursingRecovery from Orthopedic surgery
Applications – Applied & Basic Exercise Physiology, Motor Learning
*Graduate SchoolResearch
AgingOsteoporosisParkinson’sExerciseSedentary lifestyleDiabetesCardiovascular diseaseObesityMuscular dystrophySpaceflight
http://hlknweb.tamu.eduhttp://redox.tamu.edu
•KINE 485
•Internships
•Work Study
Applications – Outdoor Education/Recreation
Knowing the physical limitations of human performance in outdoor recreation
Understanding the technical aspects of equipment use and design
Complexity of Human Movement
In order to understand the basics, we will use the underlying principle of the human body as a mechanical machine.
Human-made MachineWears out with useMust replace damaged
parts with new onesDesigned for a limited
number of purposes IBM Deep Blue vs
Garry Kasparov (1997)
2-1-3
Human MachineMay improve with useCan repair itself
(within limits)Torn ligamentsDamaged cartilageCompound fracture
Capable of learning (diversity of purposes)
Critical Thinking in Biomechanics: Asking how…?
How do forces produced by muscles create movement at the joints?
How are running shoes designed to reduce injury and improve running performance?
How does joint cartilage act as a shock absorber?
How does genetics play a role in muscle power?
How do we design of prosthetics (artificial knee) to optimize function?
Critical Thinking in Biomechanics: Asking How…?
How?
Critical Thinking in Biomechanics: Asking why, how …?
How do muscle forces create torque at jointsThe ability to produce rotation
Fm
joint
torque
Critical Thinking in Biomechanics: Asking why, how …?
Why are rotator cuff injuries common in swimming and in baseball/softball?
Why does a curve ball curve?
Why do joint sprains often take so long to heal?
Why are bone fractures common in the elderly?
Critical thinking is an important part of biomechanical analysis
Historical Timeline
Aristotle (382 – 322 BC)Student of PlatoFounded own school (lyceum)Wrote extensively on philosophy, politics,
logic, natural sciences, and physicsMuch of his complete works were lostPictured the human body as a machine:
muscles cause an action which moves the bones at the joints
Historical Timeline
Leonardo DaVinci (1452 – 1519) Artist
Mona Lisa, Last Supper
ScientistAnatomist (one of the first scientists to make
a detailed record of human dissections)Detailed descriptions of design of skeletonIllustrated muscle origins and insertions
Historical Timeline
Sir Isaac Newton (1643 – 1727)Developed basic Laws of MotionInvented calculusDeveloped the theory of gravity which was
held until updated by Einstein’s theoriesFounder of the Royal Academy of SciencesDespite his contributions to science,
Newton’s primary investigations were into Biblical text
Historical TimelineThomas Alva Edison (from Menlo Park, NJ)
1093 inventions including:
the electric light bulb, voice transmitter (amplifier), answering machine, and phonograph
Invented motion pictures in 1888 He used a roll of film called a kinetoscope
Quote from Edison: “Genius is 1% inspiration and 99% perspiration.”
Historical TimelineComputers transistor (1940s - common by ‘60s) microcomputers
1960s: NASA1970s: research1980s: public - Apple, IBM, Compaq, Dell, etc.
Historical TimelineDigital Video 1990s Equipment
DV camerasDVRsEasy to interface with computer, video
Historical TimelineExercise Biomechanics is only reaching maturity as a science Principles - many are quite old and applied by
Engineers for machines - Engineering approach to mechanics of the human body
TechnologyFilm analysis; Digital video analysisInterfacing with computersTools of cellular and molecular biology
Historical TimelineExercise Biomechanics is only reaching maturity as a science
http://www.datlof.com/8Axamal/docs/Marketing/jhu/JE/index.htmGait analysis
Biomaterials
Current Applications of Biomechanics
Orthopedic Surgeons and Engineers EXAMPLES:http://www.nisss.org/publications.htmlDesign of artificial hips and knees
(prosthetics)Design of support devices (knee braces, etc.)Synthetic and natural replacements for
structural tissues (cartilage replacement)
Current Applications of Biomechanics
Physiologists and EngineersEXAMPLES:• Response of bone and connective tissue
(ligaments, tendons) to exercise training
Current Applications of Biomechanics
Space Scientists (NASA)EXAMPLES: Adaptation to low gravity environments
Bone lossAtrophy of skeletal muscleLoss of blood volume, CV function
– Orthostatic intolerance (fainting)
Current Applications of Biomechanics
Exercise Biomechanists and EngineersEXAMPLES:Design of running shoesDesign of exercise equipment (Nautilus and
Cybex equipment, etc.)Design of competitive sportswear, protective
gearFootball pads and helmetsLow friction swimming, cycling, and running wear
Current Applications of Biomechanics
Giants of Whole Body Biomechanics Peter Cavanagh -
Penn State University (1970s -• Today - Cleveland Clinic
• NSBRI
• Biomechanics of athletic and orthopedic shoewear• > worked with Nike in the 70s, 80s• > Runner’s World articles• > concepts of cushioning (shock absorption)• > elastic recoil (bounce) in shoes
Current Applications of Biomechanics
Early Giants of Tissue Biomechanics Charlie Tipton - Exercise Physiologist (1960s - 90s)
University of Iowa
Effect of Exercise on bone and connective tissue biomechanics and chemistry
Current Applications of Biomechanics
Early Giants of Tissue BiomechanicsSavio Woo - Biomedical Engineer (1970s - 80s)UCSD, UPitt
Effect of exercise (increased forces/mechanical stress) and immobilization (decreased mechanical. stress) on connective tissue
Revolutionized Sports Injury Therapeutics!Lifetime Achievement - ACSM
Principles learned in Exercise Biomechanics will aid in:
Learning and teaching motor skillsAthleticsRehabilitation
Perfecting, repairing and keeping in good condition that incomparable machine – the human body.