How Your Body Uses Food

How Your Body Uses Food

How Your Body Uses Food

DigestionDigestion

DigestionDigestion

• The process of breaking down food into usable nutrients

• The process of breaking down food into usable nutrients

The MouthThe Mouth

• Digestive process begins even before you eat

• Just smelling and seeing can start saliva flowing

• Saliva is the first of many digestive juices that act on food to break it down

• Digestive process begins even before you eat

• Just smelling and seeing can start saliva flowing

• Saliva is the first of many digestive juices that act on food to break it down

The MouthThe Mouth

• Food is broken down physically by teeth

• Food mixes with saliva and makes it easier to swallow and digest

• Food is broken down physically by teeth

• Food mixes with saliva and makes it easier to swallow and digest

The EsophagusThe Esophagus

• A long tube connecting the mouth to the stomach

• Muscles contract and relax forcing food into the stomach

• A long tube connecting the mouth to the stomach

• Muscles contract and relax forcing food into the stomach

The StomachThe Stomach


• Widest part of the digestive system

• Muscular pouch located on the left side of your body inside the rib cage

• On average your stomach can hold about 4 cups of food

• Widest part of the digestive system

• Muscular pouch located on the left side of your body inside the rib cage

• On average your stomach can hold about 4 cups of food


• Walls manufacture gastric juices– A combination of acid and enzymes

that helps in the chemical breakdown of the food

• Food is churned until it turns into a thick liquid called chyme (KIME)

• Chyme is released into the small intestine a little at a time

• Walls manufacture gastric juices– A combination of acid and enzymes

that helps in the chemical breakdown of the food

• Food is churned until it turns into a thick liquid called chyme (KIME)

• Chyme is released into the small intestine a little at a time


• Different foods take different amounts of time to break down and leave the stomach

• Carbohydrates take the shortest amount of time– Usually 1-2 hours

• Proteins take longer– 3-5 hours

• Fats take the longest– Up to 7 hours

• Different foods take different amounts of time to break down and leave the stomach

• Carbohydrates take the shortest amount of time– Usually 1-2 hours

• Proteins take longer– 3-5 hours

• Fats take the longest– Up to 7 hours

The Small IntestineThe Small Intestine

• Small winding tube between the stomach and the large intestine

• Chyme is acted by three types of digestive juices– Bile– Pancreatic Juice– Intestinal Juice

• Small winding tube between the stomach and the large intestine

• Chyme is acted by three types of digestive juices– Bile– Pancreatic Juice– Intestinal Juice

BileBile

• Substance that helps your body digest and absorb fats

• Produced in the liver

• Stored in the Gall Bladder until needed

• Substance that helps your body digest and absorb fats

• Produced in the liver

• Stored in the Gall Bladder until needed

Pancreatic JuicePancreatic Juice

• Contains enzymes that help break down carbohydrates, proteins, and fats

• Produced by the Pancreas – A gland connected

to the small intestine

• Contains enzymes that help break down carbohydrates, proteins, and fats

• Produced by the Pancreas – A gland connected

to the small intestine

Intestinal JuiceIntestinal Juice

• Produced in the small intestine• Works with other fluids to

break down food

• Produced in the small intestine• Works with other fluids to

break down food

The Small IntestineThe Small Intestine

• When broken down, carbohydrates are turned into a simple sugar called glucose– Body’s basic fuel supply

• Fats are changed into fatty acids• Proteins are broken down into amino

acids• Vitamins, minerals, and water do not

need to be broken down– They are ready for action just as they are

• When broken down, carbohydrates are turned into a simple sugar called glucose– Body’s basic fuel supply

• Fats are changed into fatty acids• Proteins are broken down into amino

acids• Vitamins, minerals, and water do not

need to be broken down– They are ready for action just as they are

Digestion VideoDigestion Video

• The Stages of Digestion• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=

A7jKCfx-0Mo&eurl=http%3A%2F%2Fvideo.google.com%2Fvideosearch%3Fhl%3Den%26source%3Dhp%26q%3DThe%2520stages%2520of%2520digestion%2520%26um%3D1%26ie%3DUTF-8%26sa%3DN%26tab%3Dwv&feature=player_embedded

• The Stages of Digestion• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=

A7jKCfx-0Mo&eurl=http%3A%2F%2Fvideo.google.com%2Fvideosearch%3Fhl%3Den%26source%3Dhp%26q%3DThe%2520stages%2520of%2520digestion%2520%26um%3D1%26ie%3DUTF-8%26sa%3DN%26tab%3Dwv&feature=player_embedded

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=A7jKCfx-0Mo&eurl=http%3A%2F%2Fvideo.google.com%2Fvideosearch%3Fhl%3Den%26source%3Dhp%26q%3DThe%20stages%20of%20digestion%20%26um%3D1%26ie%3DUTF-8%26sa%3DN%26tab%3Dwv&feature=player_embedded
















Using NutrientsUsing Nutrients

• Once food has been broken down into nutrients, digestion is complete

• You body still has work to do though

• It must absorb the nutrients and take them to where they can be used or stored

• Once food has been broken down into nutrients, digestion is complete

• You body still has work to do though

• It must absorb the nutrients and take them to where they can be used or stored

AbsorptionAbsorption

• Nutrients are absorbed into the bloodstream

• Most absorption takes place in your small intestine

• Nutrients are absorbed into the bloodstream

• Most absorption takes place in your small intestine

Processing and Storing Nutrients


• After absorption, nutrients are carried through a blood vessel called the portal vein to the liver

• One of the livers jobs is to turn nutrients into forms the body can use– Example:

• Converts amino acids into different kinds of proteins

• The proteins are then carried by the blood to where they are needed

• After absorption, nutrients are carried through a blood vessel called the portal vein to the liver

• One of the livers jobs is to turn nutrients into forms the body can use– Example:

• Converts amino acids into different kinds of proteins

• The proteins are then carried by the blood to where they are needed



• If not needed immediately nutrients are stored– Example:

•Extra glucose is converted by the liver into glycogen

•Stored in the liver and in muscles• If there is more than can be stored it

is converted to body fat– Fats are then deposited throughout the

body as and energy reserve

• If not needed immediately nutrients are stored– Example:

•Extra glucose is converted by the liver into glycogen

•Stored in the liver and in muscles• If there is more than can be stored it

is converted to body fat– Fats are then deposited throughout the

body as and energy reserve



• Minerals are stored in various ways– Some examples:

• Iron is stored in the liver and bone marrow

•Fat-soluble vitamins are stored mainly in the liver and body fat

• Minerals are stored in various ways– Some examples:

• Iron is stored in the liver and bone marrow

•Fat-soluble vitamins are stored mainly in the liver and body fat

QuizQuiz

• How do nutrients get from the digestive system to the bloodstream?

• Name two ways in which excess glucose can be stored.

• Sketch a design for a poster or bulletin board showing how food is broken down into nutrients and how nutrients travel through the body.

• How do nutrients get from the digestive system to the bloodstream?

• Name two ways in which excess glucose can be stored.

• Sketch a design for a poster or bulletin board showing how food is broken down into nutrients and how nutrients travel through the body.

How Your Body Uses Food

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