Nutrition

What Is Nutrition?Nutrient: A chemical substance in food that helps maintain the body.

Nutrition: The study of how your body uses the food that you eat.

Malnutrition: is the lack of the right proportions of nutrients over an extended period

What is a Nutrient?A nutrient is a chemical substance in food that

helps maintain the body.

Some provide energy.

All help build cells and tissues, regulate bodily processes such as breathing.

No single food supplies all the nutrients the body needs to function.

Deficiency Disease: failure to meet your nutrient needs.

Six categories of nutrients

Carbohydrates Proteins

Minerals Vitamins

Fats Water

Carbohydrates• The body’s chief source of energy• Sugar– Simple Carbohydrates• Glucose: Blood• Fructose: Fruit• Galactose: Milk• Sucroce: Table sugar

• Starches– Complex Carbohydrates

• Fiber

Rice, pasta, cereals and bread contain carbohydrates.

Carbohydrates give us lots of energy that our bodies can easily use.

Fats• Important energy source– Lipid family which includes fats and oils

• Hydrogenation: adds hydrogen atoms to unsaturated fatty acids (liquid) turning them into more saturated solid fats– Crisco and margarine sticks

• Cholesterol: fatlike substance found in every cell in the body– Important… found in skin tissue, produces

hormones

– Two types: Dietary and Blood

Proteins• Provide energy, encourage growth and tissue

repair

• Made up of small units called amino acids– 20 important to the human body: 9 your body

can’t make and 11 it can

• Complete protein: animal foods and soy

• Incomplete proteins: plant foods– Must pair 2 foods together: beans and rice

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Vitamins• Are complex organic substances – Normal growth, maintenance, and

reproduction– Your body cannot produce all vitamins you

can get those by eating a nutritious diet.

• Fat-soluble vitamins: carried in fatty parts of foods and dissolve in fats (body stores them in fat... build up can be dangerous)

• Water-soluble vitamins: dissolve in water (body does not store them)

Fat-Soluble Vitamins

Water-Soluble Vitamins

• Vitamin B-Complex – Thiamin (vitamin B1)– Riboflavin (vitamin

B2)– Niacin (nicotinamide,

nicotinic acid) – Vitamin B6

(pyridoxine, pyridoxal, pyridoxamine)

– Folacin (folic acid)

– Vitamin B12

• Vitamin C

MineralsIn addition to vitamins your body also needs 15 minerals that help regulate cell function and provide structure for

cells. Major minerals, in terms of amount present, include calcium, phosphorus, and magnesium. In

addition, your body needs smaller amounts of chromium, copper, fluoride, iodine, iron, manganese, molybdenum,

selenium, zinc, chloride, potassium and sodium.

Amounts needed for most of these minerals is quite small and excessive amounts can be toxic to your body.

WaterWater is your body's most important nutrient, is

involved in every bodily function, and makes up 70- 75% of your total body weight. Water helps you to

maintain body temperature, metabolize body fat, aids in digestion, lubricates and cushions organs, transports

nutrients, and flushes toxins from your body.

Everyone should drink at least 64 ounces per day, and if you exercise or are overweight, even more. Your

blood is approximately 90% water and is responsible for transporting nutrients and energy to muscles and

for taking waste from tissues.

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Nutrients that have Calories:

Proteins

Carbohydrates

Fats

Definition of a Calorie:

A unit of measure for energy in food

Calories per gram:

Protein 1 Gram = 4 caloriesCarbohydrates 1 Gram = 4 caloriesFat 1 Gram = 9

calories

Food containing a very high calorie count with little or no nutritional value—foods we call junk foods.

They are called empty calories, because even though we eat the

food, our body is asking for nutrients, and getting nothing but calories.

Empty Calorie