How understanding field to stream sediment
13
How Understanding Field to Stream Sediment and Phosphorus Fluxes can Inform Targeted Conservation in Agricultural Areas: Lessons Learned from the Pleasant Valley Project Rebecca Carvin USGS WI Water Science Center, Middleton, WI Laura Ward Good University of Wisconsin‐Madison Soils Faith Fitzpatrick USGS WI Water Science Center, Middleton, WI Jasmeet Lamba University of Wisconsin‐Madison Bio‐Systems Engineering
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69th SWCS International Annual Conference July 27-30, 2014 Lombard, IL
Transcript of How understanding field to stream sediment
HowUnderstandingFieldtoStreamSedimentandPhosphorusFluxescanInformTargetedConservationinAgriculturalAreas:
LessonsLearnedfromthePleasantValleyProject
RebeccaCarvinUSGSWIWaterScienceCenter,Middleton,WI
LauraWardGoodUniversityofWisconsin‐MadisonSoils
FaithFitzpatrickUSGSWIWaterScienceCenter,Middleton,WI
Jasmeet LambaUniversityofWisconsin‐MadisonBio‐SystemsEngineering
SourcesandSinksofSedimentandNutrients‐‐ Objectives
Quantifyandtrackhowtargetedconservationreducesphosphorusandsuspendedsedimentfluxesatawatershedoutlet
Betterunderstandstorage,delivery,andlagtimesofphosphorusandsedimentfromuplandsanderodingbankstothewatershedoutlet
Providedatafordecision‐makingontargeteduplandconservationpracticesandstreamrestoration
Expandtoolsforunderstandingecology‐basedimpairmentsandTMDLs.
SourcesandSinksofSedimentandNutrients‐‐ Objectives
TotalPsawasignificantreductionin2013(p=0.1)
0 10 100 1,000 10,000
Tota
l P [l
bs] P
leas
ant V
alle
y (tr
eatm
ent)
0
1
0
1
00
1,0
00
10,0
00
Total P [lbs] Smith Conley (reference)
Sedimentsources,fluxes,andsinksactatdifferentspatialandtemporalscales
Soft sedimentSoft sediment
Valley bottoms
Hillslopes
BANK (SOURCE) SILTATION/SOFT SEDIMENT (SINK)
V = L x H x RL = Length of eroding bank (m)H = Height of eroding bank (m)R = bank retreat rate (m/yr)*V = volume of eroded sediment (m^3/yr)
*Retreat rate based on average from UW Pioneer Farm of 0.041 m/yr
LH
V = L x W x TL = Length of soft sediment (m)W = Width of soft sediment (m)T = thickness (m)V = volume of stored soft sediment (m^3)
LW
T
R
ChannelSedimentSourcesandSinksCalculator(2009‐10)
BankErosion
Fitzpatrick,etal.,indraft
Bank Erosion and Main CausesPleasant Valley
02004006008001000120014001600
0.0 2.0 4.0 6.0 8.0 10.0
Channel Slope (%)
Erod
ing Ba
nks To
tal A
rea (ft2)
Fluvial/masswastingCattleNone
Bank Erosion and Main CausesPleasant Valley
0
500
1000
1500
2000
0.0 5.0 10.0 15.0 20.0 25.0
Watershed Area (mi^2)
Erod
ing Ba
nks To
tal A
rea
(ft2)
Fluvial/masswastingCattleNone
• TheamountoferodingbanksinPleasantValleywasnotsimplyrelatedtoasinglecause‐‐geomorphicagent,positioninthewatershed,orchannelslope.
• Muchofthemainstemhasriprapbankstabilization.
SoftSedimentDeposition
Fitzpatrick,etal.,indraft
• Amountofsoftsedimentwassomewhatrelatedtopositionwithinthewatershed.
• ReachatUSGSgagehadloweringamountofsoftsedimentfrom2009‐11.
0
500
1,000
1,500
0 10 20
Soft Sed
imen
t (tons/m
ile)
Watershed Area (mi^2)
Soft Sediment Deposition
20092011
Soft Sediment Deposition
0
500
1,000
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2
Channel slope (%)
Sedimen
t (tons/m
ile)
USGS Gage
USGSGage
WIDNRHabitatDataTrendsinSiltCoverage
SuspendedSedimentSourcesSedimentFingerprintingResults
Gage
2010 2011 2012
10
0102030405060708090100
Relative Co
ntrib
ution (%
)
Stream Banks
Woolands
Agriculture
Lamba,etal.,inpress
Woodlands
Streambanks
UPLAND SOIL EROSION0.8 tons/ac/y
SOFT SEDIMENTSAVINGS AND LOAN
1.2 tons/ac
Pre‐ImplementationWatershedSedimentBudgetUSGSGage
BANK EROSION0.06 tons/ac/y
ANNUAL WATERSHEDEXPORT (GAGE)0.15 tons/ac/y
(2007 -10 data, various sources)
SciencetoTargetedConservationConnectionsLessonsLearned
• Total phosphorus loads have decreased compared to the reference watershed.
• Sediment yields from farm fields are about 13 times higher than bank erosion (but sediment erosion from fields has add’l storage in hill slopes and floodplains).
• Bank erosion amounts vary but likely account for about 30% of annual export, but no more than 40%.
• There are about 8 yrs worth of annual export of suspended sediment stored in soft sediment deposition.
• For targeted conservation, consideration is needed of both agricultural conservation practices and stream restoration
Coon Creek Restoration, October 2010 Silver Spring Creek, Site 11, June 2010
STUDYPARTNERS,ASSISTANCE,ANDFUNDINGDaneCounty,LandConservationDivisionIowaCountyLandConservationDepartmentGreenCountyLandConservationDepartmentUniversityofWisconsin‐MadisonUniversityofWisconsin‐ExtensionU.S.GeologicalSurveyUSDANaturalResourceConservationServiceWisconsinDNRWisconsinDepartmentofAgriculture,Trade,andConsumerProtectionTheNatureConservancyLandownersandFarmersMonsantoCorporationMcKnightFoundationUSGScooperativeprogram
ResearchfundingprovidedbyUSDA‐NIFAaward#2009‐51130‐06049
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