How to Use OPNET IT Guru Academic Version

8/2/2019 How to Use OPNET IT Guru Academic Version

1/210

How to Use OPNET IT Guru

Academic VersionLast Update 2007.01.23

1.1.0

Copyright 2006-2008 Kenneth M. Chipps Ph.D.www.chipps.com

1


2/210

Issues With OPNET IT Guru

The academic version of OPNETs ITGuru is a very powerful tool for illustratingwhat occurs on real networks

However, for reasons known only toOPNET no material is supplied by themconcerning how to use this program

Further there is no third party materialother than what can be learned by readinglabs developed for some lab manuals

Copyright 2006-2008 Kenneth M. Chipps Ph.D.www.chipps.com 2


3/210


The user is expected to divine how to usethis program by reading through the thirdparty labs that have been developed,

along with playing around with theprogram

This seems somewhat odd as clearly auser manual was provided to whoeverpurchased this version when it was thecurrent version



4/210


Why OPNET withholds this information isnot known



5/210

Learning IT Guru

The information here is intended toaddress part of this problem



6/210

Use of IT Guru

IT Guru provides a virtual environment thatmodels the behavior of real networks

This virtual approach saves the time andexpense of building the real network inorder to plan and test network changesand additions

It can also be used to diagnose problems,such as traffic growth and network failures



7/210

Elements in OPNET

The first thing to consider in using IT Guruis what elements does it use to create thenetwork models

These elements are Project

Scenario

Objects Applications Definition Config Node

Profile Definition Config Node



8/210

Project

A project in IT Guru is a networksimulation

This is where you specify the objects thatwill form the simulation, the applicationsthat will run on the network, and whichobjects will run these applications



9/210

Scenario

A scenario is used to alter a project so thatwhat if analysis can be done

For example, characteristics of objects orapplications can be altered to see how thischanges network performance

This includes things such as changingequipment or altering loads on the network



10/210

Object

An object in IT Guru is anything that mightappear in a real network

Except for the next two elements

discussed this is anything that you candrag and drop into a project

For example, workstations, servers,

switches, routers, a T1 line are all objects An object has attributes that define how it

operates in the simulation



11/210

Object

These attributes can be changed

Along with changes to the next twoelements discussed, this is what is done tocreate various scenarios



12/210

Application Definition Config

A special element needs to be draggedinto any project to define what applicationswill generate traffic on the network

This special element is the Applicationsnode

It contains the attributes for theapplications used in the network, such asWeb browsing



13/210

Application Definition Config

The traffic generated by the applicationcan be adjusted

For example, web browsing could be setto light web browsing or heavy webbrowsing



14/210

Profile Definition Config

The last element commonly used is theProfiles node

This element is also dragged onto theproject network

The Profiles node is used to associate theapplications with the objects that will usethem



15/210

Installing IT Guru

IT Guru is not a very well behavedapplication

It installs itself where and how it wants to

There is very little user control over thisprocess

A problem this creates is that IT Guru isplaced in the root directory, not under theProgram Files directory where it should be



16/210

Installing IT Guru

Further, all of the sample labs are storedwith the program

This makes backup of labs more difficult



17/210

Running IT Guru

Once IT Guru has been installed, to run itselect it from the Start menu

The following screens will appear



18/210

Running IT Guru



19/210

Running IT Guru

This black box is normal



20/210

Running IT Guru



21/210

Running IT Guru

You must always agree to the license,which is pointless as you have never readthe license and never will

Why companies think this is useful isbeyond me

I suspect it is further evidence of theinsidious influence of lawyers in Americansociety



22/210

Running IT Guru



23/210

Running IT Guru

This screen is IT Guru

Once again the poor manners of theprogram are seen

This is the only size for the program

It cannot be made full screen until a

project has been created or loaded



24/210

Initial Setup of IT Guru

Before using IT Guru the first time someinitial setup must be done

The main part of this is to locate themodels directory

This is the directory where the variousprojects will be stored

By default this is a directory where theprogram is installed



25/210

Initial Setup of IT Guru

This can be changed to a data directory tosimplify backup



26/210

To Setup the Models Directory

To setup the models directory select

File

Model Files

Add Model Directory



27/210

To Setup the Models Directory



28/210

Workflow

In IT Guru the workflow or sequence tofollow when building a model is

Create a network model

Choose the statistics to view

Run the simulation

View and analyze the results



29/210

Sample Project

To illustrate how to use IT Guru lets

create a sample project with one scenario

Select

File

New

Copyright 2006-2008 Kenneth M. Chipps Ph.D.

www.chipps.com 29


30/210

Sample Project


www.chipps.com 30


31/210

Sample Project

The Project screen appears

Although there are other options in thedrop down box, Project is the only onecommonly used

Click

OK


www.chipps.com 31


32/210

Sample Project


www.chipps.com 32


33/210

Sample Project

On this screen you may name the project

You may also name the scenario

Spaces are not allowed Click

OK


www.chipps.com 33


34/210

Sample Project


www.chipps.com 34


35/210


36/210

Sample Project


www.chipps.com36


37/210

Startup Wizard

The Startup Wizard is used to create thebasic layout of the network

The elements it uses are

Define the networks scale such as the world

or an office

Define the size of the area in which the

network will function, such as the US or acertain size office

Select a palette that will provide the objects


www.chipps.com37


38/210

Sample Project

On this screen select the scale of thenetwork

For this example use the Office

Click

Next


www.chipps.com38


39/210

Sample Project


www.chipps.com39


40/210

Sample Project

Set the size of the network just specified

For this example use 100 by 100 meters

Click Next


www.chipps.com40


41/210

Sample Project


www.chipps.com41


42/210

Sample Project

Select the Palette contents

The Palette holds the icons for theelements that can be dragged and

dropped onto the network space justcreated

There are a large number of these

It is best to add the ones you think mightbe useful based on the name of thePalette


www.chipps.com42


43/210

Sample Project

Then experience will tell you which onesare most useful to your situation

The basic ones are


www.chipps.com43


44/210

Cisco


www.chipps.com44


45/210

Client Server


www.chipps.com45


46/210

Ethernet


www.chipps.com

46


47/210

Ethernet Advanced


www.chipps.com

47


48/210

Frame Relay


www.chipps.com

48


49/210

Frame Relay Advanced


www.chipps.com

49


50/210

Internet Toolbox


www.chipps.com

50


51/210

LANs


www.chipps.com

51


52/210

Links


www.chipps.com

52


53/210

Links Advanced


www.chipps.com

53


54/210

Wireless LAN


www.chipps.com

54


55/210

Sample Project

Once the palette or palettes are selectedclick

Next


www.chipps.com

55


56/210

Palette List


www.chipps.com

56


57/210

Sample Project

If you need additional devices otherdevices can be added to the palette byselecting

Configure Palette

from the Palette window

This produces this list


www.chipps.com

57


58/210

Sample Project


www.chipps.com

58


59/210

Sample Project

Then the drop down list can be used toselect one or more palettes

The existing palette can be removed by

selecting

Clear


www.chipps.com

59


60/210

Sample Project


www.chipps.com

60


61/210

Sample Project

In this example we will use the Ethernetpalette to create a basic LAN


www.chipps.com

61


62/210

Sample Project

The Startup Wizard: Review screenappears

If everything is as desired, then click

OK

If not, click

Back


www.chipps.com

62


63/210

Sample Project


www.chipps.com

63


64/210

Sample Project

The workspace with the palette appears


www.chipps.com

64


65/210

Sample Project


www.chipps.com

65


66/210

Sample Project

Notice that the palette often gets in theway of the workspace where the networkelements are placed

To remove the palette from the screenclick on the

X box in the window

To return it to the screen click on thePalette button


www.chipps.com

66


67/210

IT Guru Interface

Where is the palette button

Lets look at the rest of the IT Guru

interface


www.chipps.com

67


68/210

IT Guru Interface


www.chipps.com

68


69/210

Palette Button


www.chipps.com

69


70/210

Palette Button

This button makes the palette appear, ifyou removed it from the screen


www.chipps.com

70


71/210

Consistency Button


www.chipps.com

71


72/210

Consistency Button

Check consistency of network links


www.chipps.com

72


73/210

Failed Button


www.chipps.com

73


74/210

Failed Button

Mark selected node or link as failed


www.chipps.com

74


75/210

Restored Button


www.chipps.com

75


76/210

Restored Button

Mark selected node or link as restored


www.chipps.com

76


77/210

Level Button


www.chipps.com

77

L l B


78/210

Level Button

Go to next higher level in networkhierarchy


www.chipps.com

78

Z I B


79/210

Zoom In Button


www.chipps.com

79

Z I B


80/210

Zoom In Button

Zoom in for a closer look


www.chipps.com

80

Z O B


81/210

Zoom Out Button


www.chipps.com

81

Z O t B tt


82/210

Zoom Out Button

Zoom out for a wider look


www.chipps.com

82

Si l ti B tt


83/210

Simulation Button


www.chipps.com

83

Si l ti B tt


84/210

Simulation Button

Configure, then run the simulation


www.chipps.com

84

R lt B tt


85/210

Results Button


www.chipps.com

85

R lt B tt


86/210

Results Button

View graphs and tables of collectedstatistics


www.chipps.com

86

G h B tt


87/210

Graphs Button


www.chipps.com

87


88/210

S l P j t


89/210

Sample Project

Back to the sample project

With the palette showing drag and dropthe devices needed for the network of

interest

These can be of two types

Node

Link


89

Nodes


90/210

Nodes

Nodes are devices that can send andreceive information, such as

Switch

Workstation Printer

Server


90

Links


91/210

Links

Links are media that connect nodes toeach other


91

Drag and Drop Behavior


92/210


Another oddity of IT Guru is the behaviorof the drag and drop function

You left click on the object in the palette,

then drag it over to the workspace However, unless you deselect the object

or go back to the palette, each subsequent

click on the workspace will deposit anotherobject of the same type


92



93/210


To unselect an object, click the rightmouse button

Then go back to the palette for the next

object The point to this behavior is to allow

multiple copies of the same object to beplaced one after the other

The object still looks like it is selected, butit is not


93



94/210


Just click elsewhere on the workspace tomake the circle around the objectdisappear


94

Network Creation Methods


95/210

Network Creation Methods

There are three ways to create a network Drag and Drop

Rapid Configuration

Importation


95

Drag and Drop


96/210

Drag and Drop

In Drag and Drop nodes and links areselected on the palette, then dragged tothe workspace


96

Rapid Configuration


97/210

Rapid Configuration

Rapid Configuration is faster than Dragand Drop for large networks

Select

Topology

Rapid Configuration

Then complete the options presented


97

Rapid Configuration


98/210

Rapid Configuration


98

Rapid Configuration


99/210

Rapid Configuration

Lets create a basic LAN using this method This step is done after the workspace is

completed as discussed above

A basic LAN will require The Ethernet palette

Star configuration

A 16 port switch

Links using 100 Mbps

10 workstations


99

Rapid Configuration


100/210

Rapid Configuration


100

Rapid Configuration


101/210

Rapid Configuration


101

Rapid Configuration


102/210

Rapid Configuration


102

Rapid Configuration


103/210

Rapid Configuration

This only sets up the basic layout, such aswhat everything attaches to, the number ofworkstations, and the link speed betweendevices

This method will not bring in devices, suchas servers

It also will not place the application orprofile icons in the workspace


103

Rapid Configuration


104/210

Rapid Configuration

The palette is used to bring the rest of theobjects in


104

Importation


105/210

Importation

Go on to the next slide as this section hasnot been completed yet


105

Sample Project


106/210

Sample Project

The link objects are used to connect thedevices to each other

In this example the 100BaseT link will be

used It does not matter what order is used to

connect the devices to each other

Just click on one, then the other

Again right click to deselect the link object


106

Sample Project


107/210

Sample Project

For our sample project reduce the numberof workstations to five by deleting nodes 5through 9

To delete an object select it, then rightclick

We also need to and a server and a printer

From the Ethernet palette select and placethese two objects


107

Sample Project


108/210

Sample Project

Now we have a functioning network so thepalette can be dismissed from theworkspace

With the palette gone rearrange thedevices so they are easier to see

This is the result for my sample network


108

Sample Project


109/210

Sample Project


109

Sample Project


110/210

Sample Project

We have the devices we need, but thedevices can do nothing without twoadditional elements

These are the ones mentioned above Application Definition

Applications that will run on the network

Profile Definition Applications an object will use


110

Sample Project


111/210

Sample Project

You drag and drop these two elementsfrom the palette as well

These last two objects are used to set the

overall behavior for the simulation This makes the sample network look like

this


111

Sample Project


112/210

Sample Project


112

Set Application Attributes


113/210


The Application Definition object defineswhat applications will run over the network

To select the applications right click on the

Application Definition object Dont worry about the following diagram

being different from our sample network,

this is just an illustration of how to selectthe Application Definition object


113

Set Object Attributes


114/210



114



115/210


Select Edit Attributes

To add applications click on the

Applications Definitions

line

The click on the number to the right of

Rows


115



116/210


Click on the 0

to the right of Rows

Select the number of applications that willrun on the network

That number of application rows will

appear

The row numbering will start with 0


116



117/210


Click on the +

for the row

Then click on the

+

beside the word Description

This produces a list of the commonapplications found on a network


117



118/210



118



119/210


To add an application click on the Off

to the right of the name of the application


119



120/210



120



121/210


After the applications that will run on thenetwork are set click

OK


121

Set Application Usage


122/210


OPNET uses a probabilistic model tocreate the traffic

These values can be adjusted to match

your network or the default values can beused

The exact name of the various objects

may differ slightly from the examplesshown next depending on the version ofOPNET being used


122



123/210


Database Access (Light) 50% database queries, 50% database entries

Transactions arrive with inter-arrival timesexponentially distributed with mean 30 seconds

Each transaction is 16 bytes


123



124/210


Email (Light) Emails are sent with inter-arrival times

exponentially distributed with mean 3600 seconds

Each email is sent to a group of 3

Emails are received with inter-arrival timesexponentially distributed with mean 3600 seconds

Each email is received by a group of 3

Each email is 500 bytes.


124



125/210

Set pp cat o Usage

File Transfer (Heavy) 50% of file transfers from client to server (put),

50% from server to client (get)

The time between each clients file transfer

requests, is exponentially distributed with mean360 seconds

All files are 50000 bytes


125



126/210

pp g

File Transfer (Light) 50% of file transfers from client to server (put),

50% from server to client (get)

The time between each clients file transfer

requests, is exponentially distributed with mean360 seconds

All files are 1000 bytes


126



127/210

pp g

File Print (Light) Print requests arrive with inter-arrival times

exponentially distributed with mean 90 seconds

Print requests are normally distributed with mean

3000 bytes, standard deviation of 300 bytes


127



128/210

pp g

Web Browsing (Heavy HTTP 1.1) Page inter-arrival times are exponentially

distributed with mean 60 seconds

Each Page has 1000 bytes of text 5 medium

images each with size randomly picked with auniform distribution on [500,2000] bytes


128



129/210

pp g

Web Browsing (Light HTTP 1.1) Page inter-arrival times are exponentially

distributed with mean 720 seconds

Each Page has 500 bytes of text 5 small images

each with size randomly picked with a uniformdistribution on [10,400] bytes


129



130/210

pp g

Telnet (Light) Inter Command time normally distributed with

mean 120 seconds, variance 10

Each command from terminal to telnet host

consists of a normally distributed amount of byteswith mean 10, variance 4

Each command from telnet host to terminalconsists of a normally distributed amount of bytes

with mean 5, variance 2.778


130



131/210

pp g

A default set of applications can be usedinstead of defining each one individually

To use the default set

Right click on the Application Definitionelement

Select Edit Attributes

On the Application Definitions row click onthe right side


131



132/210

pp g

Select Default


132



133/210

pp g


133



134/210

pp g

This provides a common set of networkapplications such as

HTTP

FTP Email

Database

And so on


134



135/210

pp g

The next task is to create profiles These profiles are collections of

applications, as just defined above, that

individuals or groups using the network willuse

This is the second step in placing activity

on the network


135



136/210

pp g

The last part of injecting traffic is to assigna profile to an object on the network, suchas a server or a workstation

The Profile Definition element is used forthis purpose

To configure the Profile Definition object

right click on it Then select

Edit AttributesCopyright 2006-2008 Kenneth M. Chipps Ph.D.

www.chipps.com136



137/210

pp g


137



138/210

pp g

Profile Configuration Click on the right side of the

row

This will produce a drop down list Select

Edit


138



139/210


139



140/210

Another window will appear Click on the 0 in the box top the left of

Rows


140



141/210


141



142/210

Select 1

row for this example


142



143/210


143



144/210

The row or rows will appear above


144



145/210


145



146/210

Change the profile name under the ProfileName column on the left by clicking on

Enter Profile Name

For this example enter Web User


146



147/210


147



148/210

Also for this example change theRepeatability to

unlimited


148



149/210


149



150/210

Under the Applications column select Edit

Then select

1

In the box to the left of Rows


150



151/210


151



152/210

Click under the Name column Select

Web Browsing (Heavy HTTP 1.1)

for this example Then close all windows by clicking

OK

OK

OK


152



153/210


153



154/210

The traffic profile has been created Now it can be applied to the workstations


154



155/210

Select one of the workstations by clickingon it

Right click on it

From the pop up menu select Select Similar Nodes


155



156/210


156



157/210

In general end devices, such asworkstations generate traffic

Connection points, such as switches, do

not In this example, left click on the

workstation


157



158/210

While holding down the Crtl key click onthe remaining workstations so all of thenare selected

Right click and select Edit Attributes


158



159/210


159



160/210

On the Attributes window select Apply Changes to Selected Objects

In the bottom left corner of the window so

the changes made in this window willapply to all the workstations


160



161/210


161



162/210

Click the +

beside Application Supported Profiles

And the 0

To the right

Then select the number of profiles to beused


162



163/210

In this case 1

One row will appear

Select Web User

as defined above


163



164/210


164



165/210

Click OK

The workstations are ready to generatetraffic

For this example the server must beconfigured as well so the web traffic hassomewhere to go

Right click on the Server Select Edit Attributes


165



166/210

Select Edit

On the Application Supported Services

row A new window appears


166



167/210


167



168/210


168



169/210

Select 1

In the box to the left of Row


169



170/210


170



171/210

Select Web

By clicking on

None In the Name column

As above select

Web Browsing (Heavy HTTP 1.1)

to create a generic HTTP server


171



172/210

Then Click OK

OK


172



173/210


173

Select Functions to Measure


174/210

The last configuration step is to selectwhat to measure

There are two basic types of measures

Individual Global

Individual measures apply to an object

Global measures apply to the network as awhole


174

Select Individual Measures


175/210

To select individual measures right clickthe object, such as a server

The select

Chose Individual Statistics from the popup menu

This shows a list of things that can be

measured


175



176/210


176



177/210

To select on expand the item of interest byclicking on the

+

Then select the items to be measured Such as

Server Http

Traffic Received (bytes/sec) Traffic Sent (bytes/sec)


177



178/210


178



179/210


179

Select Global Measures


180/210

To select a global measure right click onthe workspace away from the objects

The select

Chose Individual Statistics There will be a short delay as IT Guru

initializes itself for this function


180



181/210


181



182/210


182

Set Global Measures


183/210

The global statistics list appears Expand

Global Statistics


183



184/210


184

Set Global Measures


185/210

Select the measures In this case

Node Statistics

TCP Connection Aborts

Delay

Retransmission Count


185



186/210


186



187/210


187

Set Global Measures


188/210

Click OK


188

Save the Simulation


189/210

If desired save the simulation by selecting File

Save

Provide a name


189

Run the Simulation


190/210

Everything is now completed To run the simulation click on the

configure/run simulation

Button Usually the default values have to be

changed


190

Run the Simulation


191/210


191

Run the Simulation


192/210

In this case the duration is set to 30minutes


192

Run the Simulation


193/210


193

Run the Simulation


194/210

Click on Run

The next two screens appear one after the

other When the simulation is finished

Click on

Close


194

Run the Simulation


195/210


195

Run the Simulation


196/210


196

Examine the Results


197/210

To view the results of the simulation eachindividual measure must be selected, aswell as any global measures

To examine an individual measure Right click on the object of interest such as

the server


197

Examine the Results


198/210

Select View Results

Expand the hierarchy to show themeasure

Click on the checkbox to select themeasure

Click the

Show

buttonCopyright 2006-2008 Kenneth M. Chipps Ph.D.

www.chipps.com198

Examine the Results


199/210

A graph of the results appears


199

Examine the Results


200/210


200

Examine the Results


201/210


201

Examine the Results


202/210


202

Examine the Results


203/210

To examine the global measure Right click in the workspace

Select

View Results

Click on the checkbox to select the measure

Click the

Show

button


203

Examine the Results


204/210

A graph of the results appears


204

Compare Results


205/210

Once the first scenario is working abaseline for the network of interest hasnow been created

The effects of a change to the network canbe assessed by creating a new scenario,then comparing the results of the twoscenarios


205

Compare Results


206/210

For example, a second floor might beadded to the network

What impact will this have on the existing

single floor network we just setup


206

Create Second Scenario


207/210

To do this first create a new scenario bycopying, then modify what was just done

Select

Scenarios Duplicate Scenario

Provide a name for the new scenario

Click OK


207

Create Second Scenario


208/210

Setup the second scenario just as you didthe first one

Just change what needs to changed or

add any additional network segments ornodes

As before run the simulation


208

Compare Results


209/210

To compare the affect of the added loadon the original network select

Compare Results

from the pop up menu that appears whenright clicking on the object or on theworkspace

Now two lines will appear in the resultsgraph for the measure of interest


209

Sample Project


210/210

That is all there is to the basic functions ofOPNET

How to Use OPNET IT Guru Academic Version

Documents

Transcript of How to Use OPNET IT Guru Academic Version