12822 April 2017 2

What is 128 hours

• 3 working weeks and 1 day.• 4 / 5 of your yearly vacation plan.• Some money.• Put your option here.

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Agenda

• Why does performance matter?• Why do we need to tweak Angular 2?• Problems we need to solve• Solutions• Conclusions

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What can we improve?

• Bundle size• Application performance

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Infrastructure Improvements

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Bundle size: problem

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Not optimized FE 2752kb

Images Fonts HTML Scripts CSS

Bundle size: problem

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Optimized FE 822 kb

Images Fonts HTML Scripts CSS

Bundle size: problem

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0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400

2.5 Mb

1.5 Mb

0.5Mb

Loading time

56,6 kbit/s 1 Mbit/s 5 Mbit/s 50 Mbit/s

Ok. Why does it matter?80% of internet users own a smartphone. (Smart Insights)

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…Over 50% of smartphone users grab their smartphone immediately after waking up. (ExpressPigeon, 2014)

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…Google says 61% of users are unlikely to return to a mobile site they had trouble accessing and 40% visit a competitor’s site instead. (MicKinsey & Company)

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Ok. Why does it matter?

How can we reduce the bundle size?

• Compress pictures• Minify styles, templates and scripts• Remove useless code

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Handling images

• gulp-image-optimization• gulp-image• gulp-imagemin• image-webpack-loader…

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Handling styles

• A variety of Webpack loaders• Angular CLI supports it by design

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Handling scripts

• A variety of Webpack loaders• Angular CLI supports it by design• … it is still huge. So we need to remove useless code.

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Tree Shaking

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0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500

Application 1

Application 2

Optimization Results

Before Tree Shaking, Kb With Tree Shaking, Kb

22 April 2017

Tree Shaking

- Webpack marks useless code- UglifyJsPlugin removes the code

How does tree shaking work?

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How does tree shaking work?

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How does tree shaking work?

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Tree Shaking

• For the moment Angular CLI has problems with tree shaking.

• Use the latest version of Angular CLI. • You need TypeScript 2 and WebPack 2.

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Compilation

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Compilation

• Just In Time Compilation (JIT)• Ahead Of Time Compilation (AOT)

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What is JIT?

• Compiles in the browser.• No need to build after changes.• Default compiler in Angular 2 CLI.

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Why is AOT better?

• You don’t need to load compiler anymore.• Faster loading.• Better runtime performance.• AOT is more secure, because JIT uses eval.

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AST (Abstract Syntax Tree)

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Script

Container

Members Decorators

Container

Members Decorators

Container

Members Decorators

AOT (Ahead Of Time Compilation)

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0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3

Bundle size, mb

Angular CLI default project size

Compression, tree shaking and AOT

Compression with Tree Shaking

Raw

What can we improve?

• Bundle size• Application performance

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Architecture Improvements

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Does architecture matter on Frontend?

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What we can achieve with good architecture?

• Better application performance• Fewer API requests (app drives faster)• Faster loading speed

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What architecture features are we talking about?

• Make sure we’re using events efficiently.• Make sure our data layer uses data efficiently.• Control assets loading process.• Organize correct components composition.• Reduce DOM overhead.

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What to do with events?

• Use correct lifecycle hooks in the app.• Be careful with your own events and use destructors.• Avoid duplication of events.• Avoid creation of useless events.

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What can we do with a data layer?

• Store static data in the browser. (Caching)• Use pure REST API (With HATEOAS)• Use debouncing. Really.• Background services.

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HATEAOS

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22 April 2017

ReactiveX (Rx.js)

• One more way to organize the asynchronous actions using JavaScript

• Leads to a new way of the components’ composition.

Problem: XHR Overhead

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Rx.js + A2

PROS- Allows us to remove HTTP logic from the components.- Very easy to use with the ‘async’ pipe.

CONS- Leads to a new way of the components’ composition.- It isn’t a fastest solution.

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What can we do with component’s composition?

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Components Composition

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Problem: Memory Leaks

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Solution: Zone.js, ngZones, Data Composition

• Dying zone will remove the subscriptions for local streams, but won’t do it to current ones in service, upper-level components.

• Use ngOnDestroy lifecycle hook for removing such subscriptions.

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Zone.js, ngZones, Data Composition

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Problem: Binding Overhead

• A simple rule: don’t use two-way binding when you don’t need it.

• ‘Singular’ binding isn’t shipped out of the box, but there are several ways to implement it.

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22 April 2017

Binding

One-directional «inside»:• {{expression}}• [target] = "expression"• bind-target = "expression"

One-directional «inside»:

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22 April 2017

Binding

One-directional «outside»:• (target) = "statement"• on-target = "statement"

One-directional «outside»:

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22 April 2017

Binding

Two-directional:• [(target)] = "expression"• bindon-target = "expression"

Two-directional:

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Problem: army of listeners

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Solution: Change Detection Strategies

• OnPush• Default

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Change Detection Strategies

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What to with the DOM?

• Remove and add the elements back instead of hiding / displaying.

• Don’t call DOM directly if it’s possible.• When it isn’t possible use ElementRef,

@ViewChild/@ViewChildren.

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THANKS!

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