WELCOME TO OUR PRESENTATION

COURSE: TEXTILE TESTING & QUALITY CONTROL - IICOURSE CODE: TE315

DEPARTMENT: B.S.C IN TEXTILEDAFFODIL INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY

TOPICHOW TO TEST ABSORBENCY OF A FABRIC

WHAT IS "ABSORBENCY"

• SBSORBENCY IS A MATERIALS ABILITY TO SOAK UP A LIQUID.

WHAT IS ABSORBENCY IN TEXTILES?

• “THE ABILITY OF A TEXTILE MATERIAL TO ABSORB AND RETAIN LIQUIDS WITHIN IT’S STRUCTURE.”

• “THE ABILITY OF A FIBER TO ABSORB AND HOLD WATER. THE ABILITY OF A BONE DRY FIBER TO ABSORB MOISTURE IS CALLED MOISTURE REGAIN. SOME FIBERS ADSORB MOISTURE, THAT IS, THE WATER IS HELD ON THE SURFACE OF THE FIBER, INSTEAD OF BEING TAKING INTO THE FIBER. WICKING IS WHEN ADSORBED MOISTURE TRAVELS ALONG THE LENGTH OF THE FIBER, BUT IS NOT ABSORBED.”

HOW DOES ABSORBENCY WORK• ABSORBENCY HAS TWO COMPONENTS: CAPTURE AND HOLD

• 1)  CAPTURE: THE ABILITY TO TRAP MOISTURE RAPIDLY AT THE SPEED IT IS DELIVERED WITHOUT RUNOFF, AND

• 2)  HOLD: THE AMOUNT OF MOISTURE A MATERIAL CAN HOLD WHEN SATURATED (WETTED OUT) AND USED UNDER NORMAL OPERATING CONDITIONS.

• GOOD ABSORBENCY REQUIRES RAPID CAPTURE AND SUPERIOR HOLDING CAPACITY.

ABSORBENCY TEST 

•A. IMMERSION TEST • TEST: SAMPLE OF ( 1 X 1)CM2 SIZE IS CUT AND IT IS LEFT ON WATER SURFACE. WITH THE

HELP OF STOP WATCH, THE TIME OF THE FABRIC FOR IMMERSING IS RECORDED. 

THE STANDARD TIME OF IMMERSING IS 5SEC. 

EXPT. SAMPLE IMMERSING TIME IS 4.75 

ALSO MODERATE SCOURING. 

ABSORBENCY TEST• B. (I) DROP TEST 

IN A PIPET WATER IS TAKEN AND WATER DROP ARE DROPPED ON THE SCOURED FABRIC AND THE ABSOR-PTION OF THE WATER DROP IS OBSERVED VISUALLY. 

THE STANDARD TIME FOR THE ABSORPTION OF ONE DROP IS 0.5-0.8 SEC UPTO 1 SEC. 

EXPT. SAMPLE REQUIRE 6 SEC. I.E. NOT GOOD SCOURING 

(II) SPOT TEST IN A PIPETTE A SOLUTION OF 1% DIRECT RED (CONGO RED) IS TAKEN AND DROPLET OF SOLUTION PUT ON THE DIFFERENT PLACES OF THE FABRIC. THEN THE SHAPE OF THE ABSORPTION AREA ON THE FABRIC IS OBSERVED. 

From Sample Spot uniform scouring can be said. 

ABSORBENCY TEST C. COLUMN TEST / WICKING TEST:

• 18CM X 5 CM SAMPLE IS CUT FROM SCOURED SAMPLE• IN A BEAKER 1% DIRECT DYE RED COLOR IS TAKEN• AFTER THAT A MARKER IS DRAWN AT 1CM ABOVE FROM THE

SAMPLE BOTTOM.• NOW THE SAMPLE IS HUNG FROM A WOOD STICK SUPPORTED BY

IMMERSING THAT 1CM PORTION OF FABRIC IN THE DYE LIQUOR• THEN WE MEASURED THE POINT UPTO WHICH THE COLORED

SOLUTION IN ABSORBED STRAIGHT ABOVE WAY BY THE SAMPLE IN 5 MIN TIME.

COLUMN TEST RESULT: STANDARD RANGE 30-50 MM. EXPT. SAMPLE AVERAGE RANGE IS 30 MM 

ABSORBENCY TEST

RESULT AND DISCUSSION • FOR SHORTAGE OF SCOURING TIME SOURING HAVE BEEN MEDIUM TO GOOD. 

• AT LAST WE CAN SAY THAT, HOW TO ESTIMATE OF SCOURING EFFECT IS KNOWN BY THIS EXPERIMENT. KNOWLEDGE IS GAINED FROM THIS EXPERIMENT WHICH IS VERY HELPFUL IN OUR PRACTICAL LIFE. SPECIAL THANKS TO OUR TEACHER WHO HAS BEEN HELP US TO COMPLETE THIS EXPERIMENT.

ABSORBENCY TESTING

AATCC/ASTM TEST METHOD TS-018• SCOPE: THIS TEST METHOD IS DESIGNED TO MEASURE

THE WATER ABSORBENCY OF TEXTILES BY MEASURING THE TIME IT TAKES A DROP OF WATER PLACED ON THE FABRIC SURFACE TO BE COMPLETELY ABSORBED INTO THE FABRIC.

• SAMPLE IS PLACED OVER THE TOP OF A BEAKER SO THAT THE CENTER IS UNSUPPORTED

• A MEASURED DROP OF WATER IS PLACED ON THE FABRIC 1 CM FROM THE SURFACE

• TIME IS RECORDED UNTIL THE WATER DROP ABSORBS COMPLETELY

ABSORBENCY TESTING

AATCC TEST METHOD 79, ABSORBENCY OF TEXTILESSCOPE: THIS TEST MEASURES A FABRICS PROPENSITY TO TAKE UP WATER.

• SAMPLE IS PLACED IN AN EMBROIDERY HOOP WITH ALL CREASES OUT OF IT

• A BURETTE DISPENSES A DROP OF WATER ONTO THE SURFACE OF THE FABRIC FROM A DISTANCE OF 9.5MM BELOW THE BURETTE

• TIME IS RECORDED UNTIL THE WATER DROP ABSORBS COMPLETELY

COMPARE COTTON AND NYLON ABSORBENCY ACTIVITY

• WHY ARE CERTAIN FABRIC FIBERS MORE ABSORBENT THAN OTHERS? THE ANSWER HAS TO DO WITH THE CHEMICAL PROCESSES OF MOLECULAR REACTION AND FLUID ABSORPTION THAT LIE IN THE COMBINATION OF WATER AND DIFFERENT FABRICS. FOR EXAMPLE, SYNTHETIC AND NATURAL FABRICS HAVE A DIFFERENT ARRANGEMENT OF MOLECULES THAT REACT DIFFERENTLY WHEN COMBINED WITH THE MOLECULAR STRUCTURE OF WATER. INVITE YOUR CHILD TO TEST THIS THEORY AND THE POWER OF HER SCIENTIFIC OBSERVATION AS SHE COMPARES RATES OF LIQUID ABSORPTION WITH NYLON (A SYNTHETIC MATERIAL) AND COTTON (A NATURAL FIBER).

WHAT YOU DO:• HAVE YOUR CHILD POUR WATER INTO THE LARGE GLASS

UNTIL IT IS ¾ FULL.• ASK HIM TO SATURATE THE WOOL SAMPLE WITH WATER.• INVITE HIM TO PULL ONE CORNER OF THE COTTON SAMPLE

INTO THE SMALL GLASS, SO THAT IT IS RESTING ON THE RIM.• THE EXPERIMENT SHOULD BE LEFT IN PLACE FOR ABOUT 12

HOURS.• ENCOURAGE YOUR CHILD TO OBSERVE WHAT HAS

OCCURRED. IF THE EXPERIMENT WENT AS PLANNED, SOME OF THE WATER PROBABLY FLOWED FROM THE LARGER GLASS INTO THE SMALLER GLASS.

• REPEAT STEPS 1 THROUGH 4 WITH THE NYLON SAMPLE.• ASK YOUR CHILD TO NOTICE THE RESULTS. WHICH FABRIC

PRODUCED THE MOST WATER IN THE SMALLER GLASS? WHICH FABRIC PRODUCED THE LEAST?

WHAT YOU NEED:• 12” SQUARE SAMPLES OF

COTTON AND NYLON• 4 OZ GLASS• 8 OZ GLASS• WATER

WHAT'S HAPPENING?WHAT HAS THIS EXPERIMENT TAUGHT YOUR CHILD ABOUT THE PROPERTIES OF SYNTHETIC VERSUS NATURAL FIBERS? NATURAL FIBERS TEND TO BE MORE ABSORBENT THAN SYNTHETIC ONES. COTTON, FOR EXAMPLE, HAS MORE NATURALLY OCCURRING PLACES THAT CAN FORM BONDS WITH WATER MOLECULES. THIS MEANS THAT IT CAN ABSORB A SIGNIFICANT AMOUNT OF WATER, ABOUT 25 TIMES ITS WEIGHT! NYLON, ON THE OTHER HAND IS NOT HYDROPHILIC (A HIGHLY ABSORBENT FIBER), AND CAN ONLY HOLD ABOUT 10 PERCENT OF ITS WEIGH TIN WATER.

WATER ABSORPTION ASTM D57

SCOPE:WATER ABSORPTION IS USED TO DETERMINE THE AMOUNT OF WATER ABSORBED UNDER SPECIFIED

CONDITIONS. FACTORS AFFECTING WATER ABSORPTION INCLUDE: TYPE OF PLASTIC,

ADDITIVES USED, TEMPERATURE AND LENGTH OF EXPOSURE. THE DATA SHEDS LIGHT ON THE

PERFORMANCE OF THE MATERIALS IN WATER OR HUMID ENVIRONMENTS. 

WATER ABSORPTION ASTM D57

TEST PROCEDURE:

FOR THE WATER ABSORPTION TEST, THE SPECIMENS ARE DRIED IN AN OVEN FOR A SPECIFIED TIME AND TEMPERATURE AND THEN PLACED IN A DESICCATOR TO COOL. IMMEDIATELY UPON COOLING THE SPECIMENS ARE WEIGHED. THE MATERIAL IS THEN EMERGED IN WATER AT AGREED UPON CONDITIONS, OFTEN 23°C FOR 24 HOURS OR UNTIL EQUILIBRIUM. SPECIMENS ARE REMOVED, PATTED DRY WITH A LINT FREE CLOTH, AND WEIGHED. 

WATER ABSORPTION ASTM D57

SPECIMEN SIZE:TWO INCH DIAMETER DISKS, 0.125" OR 0.250"

THICK. 

DATA:WATER ABSORPTION IS EXPRESSED AS INCREASE

IN WEIGHT PERCENT.PERCENT WATER ABSORPTION = [(WET WEIGHT -

DRY WEIGHT)/ DRY WEIGHT] X 100 

EQUIPMENT USED:METTLER BALANCE

WATER ABSORBENCY OF TEXTILES TEST PROCEDURE

METHOD: JIS L1907 SECTION 7.1.5 -VERTICAL WICKING

TEST PROCEDURE

1. CUT 5 SPECIMENS IN EACH DIRECTION, ALL MEASURING 200MM X 25MM.

2. FOLD EACH SPECIMEN END AND SECURE IT ON A ROD OR PEN USING A NEEDLE OR A CLIP

TEST PROCEDURE

3. PLACE THE ROD OVER THE OPENING OF A GLASS BOWL, SO THE SPECIMEN HANGS IN THE BOWL WITHOUT TOUCHING THE BOTTOM.

TEST PROCEDURE

4. FILL THE BOWL WITH WATER TILL THE SPECIMEN IS IMMERSED 20MM IN THE WATER.5. LEAVE THE SPECIMEN FOR 30 MINUTES.

TEST PROCEDURE

6. AFTER 30 MINUTES MEASURE HOW HIGH THE WATER HAS MOVED, STARTING 20MM FROM THE EDGE (THE POINT WHICH WAS THE STARTING POINT FOR THE WICKING).

IF REACHING THE REQUIREMENT BEFORE 30 MINUTES IT IS OK TOSTOP THE TEST AND REPORT THE RESULT AS OK. THE AVERAGERESULT FROM THE 5 SPECIMEN IS THE FINAL RESULT.

PAPER TOWELWATER ABSORPTION TEST

• APPARATUS• AT LEAST FOUR BRANDS OF ABSORBENT PAPER TOWEL• A STOPWATCH• A BEAKER• A GRADUATED CYLINDER• A FUNNEL

PAPER TOWELWATER ABSORPTION TEST

METHOD• FILL THE BEAKER UP WITH EXACTLY 200 ML OF WATER• TAKE A SHEET OF THE FIRST BRAND OF TOWEL.• FOLD AND INSERT INTO THE WATER. AS YOU DIP THE TOWEL INTO THE WATER, START YOUR

STOPWATCH.• AFTER 20 SECONDS, REMOVE THE TOWEL FROM THE BEAKER AND SQUEEZE AS MUCH WATER

AS YOU CAN OUT OF THE TOWEL IN TO THE GRADUATED CYLINDER USING THE FUNNEL. MAKE A NOTE OF THE VOLUME EXTRACTED

• REPEAT 5 TIMES FOR EACH BRAND AND NOTE THE RESULTS IN YOUR DATA TABLE. YOU MUST MAKE SURE THAT EACH SHEET IS FOLDED IN EXACTLY THE SAME WAY FOR THE EXPERIMENT TO BE CONSTANT AND CORRECT.

• WRITE DOWN THE RESULTS FOR EACH BRAND IN YOUR NOTEBOOK.

PAPER TOWELWATER ABSORPTION TEST

RESULTS• WORK OUT AN AVERAGE FOR EACH RESULT AND WRITE DOWN IN A TABLE.• PLOT ALL OF YOUR RESULTS ONTO A SIMPLE BAR GRAPH LIKE THE ONE BELOW;

YOU CAN DO THIS ON A COMPUTER OR YOU CAN USE GRAPH PAPER AND PENCILS.

• THIS WILL ALLOW YOU TO SHOW WHICH BRAND OF PAPER TOWEL IS THE MOST ABSORBENT AND WHICH IS TRULY AWFUL.

TEST FABRIC FOR ABSORBENCY

PURPOSETO ENSURE THAT THE FABRIC CAN ABSORB WATER EASILY. PRINTING PASTES ARE COMPOSED MAINLY OF WATER AND HENCE IF THE FABRIC HAS A HIGH ABSORBENCY THE PASTE WILL FIX BETTER. GOOD ABSORBENCY IS ALSO ONE INDICATOR (BUT NOT THE ONLY ONE) THAT THE PREPARATORY PROCESS FOR PRINTING (RFD) HAS BEEN DONE WELL. PRIOR TO PRINTING, ALL MATERIAL SHOULD BE TESTED FOR ABSORBENCY. APPARATUS: NONE.

TEST FABRIC FOR ABSORBENCY

TESTING PROCEDUREABSORBENCY CAN BE CHECKED BY DROPPING A SINGLE DROPLET OF WATER ON THE FABRIC AND VISUALLY OBSERVING ITS ABSORBENCY. A FABRIC WITH HIGH ABSORBENCY WILL IMMEDIATELY ABSORB THE DROP OF WATER, WHICH SHOULD SPREAD UNIFORMLY IN ALL DIRECTIONS. IN THE CASE OF LOW ABSORBENCY IT MAY TAKE A FEW SECONDS. (THERE MAY ALSO BE CASES WHERE THE FABRIC HAS BEEN TREATED, IN WHICH CASE THE DROP OF WATER MAY NOT SPREAD AT ALL).

REFERENCE• HTTPS://THEWAZOODLEDOODLE.COM/2013/05/20/WHAT-IS-ABSORBENCY-IN-TEXTILES/• HTTP://WWW.MANUFACTURINGSOLUTIONSCENTER.ORG/ABSORBENCY-TESTING.HTML • HTTP://WWW.EDUCATION.COM/ACTIVITY/ARTICLE/COMPARE-ABSORBENCY-NATURAL-SYN

THETIC-FABRICS/

• HTTP://WWW.INTERTEK.COM/POLYMERS/TESTLOPEDIA/WATER-ABSORPTION-ASTM-D570/ • HTTP://GARMENTSTECH.COM/WICKING-TEST-OR-FABRIC-WATER-REPELLENCY-TEST-OR-W

ATER-ABSORBENCY-OF-TEXTILES-TEST-PROCEDURE/

• HTTP://WWW.HANDPRINTINGGUIDERAJASTHAN.IN/QUALITY-CONTROL-AND-SETTING-UP-A-TESTING-FACILITY/SIMPLE-TEST-METHODS-RECOMMENDED-FOR-EVERY-HAND-PRINT-MANUFACTURER/

• HTTP://TEXTILELEARNER.BLOGSPOT.COM/2014/04/ESTIMATION-OF-SCOURING-EFFECT-BY-WEIGHT.HTML

IF ANY QUERY ASK US

PRESENTED BY:1. MD. HASMAT ALI ID: 142-23-39652. MD. NASIM UDDIN ID: 142-23-39663. MD. SADDAM HOSSAIN ID: 142-23-39814. FOYSAL KABIR ID: 142-23-39815. SAEID AHMED ID: 142-23-39846. MUSHFIQUR RAHMAN ID: 142-23-3985 7. SANJIB SARKAR ID: 142-23-39868. MD. KAMRUL HASAN ID: 091-23-1219