How to make a complicated problem out of a simple … · to make a complicated problem out of a...

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Howtomakeacomplicatedproblemoutofasimplesolution

SustainableDesign

Prof.MichaelHardt

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Sustainability:

Asimplesolutionforcomplicatedproblems!

SustainableDesign

Prof.MichaelHardt

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SustainableDesign

Prof.MichaelHardt

„Idon‘tlikethewordsustainable.Itsoundssoretro.“

Unknown2009

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tosustain

SustainableDesign

Prof.MichaelHardt

Latinsustinere(tenere,tohold;sus,up)tomaintain,tosupport,toendure

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sustainablethinking

SustainableDesign

Prof.MichaelHardt

HannsCarlvonCarlowitz1713

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SustainableDesign

Prof.MichaelHardt

Sustainabilityis

•anemptywordbubblewithnoorlittlemeaningorsubstance•animportantconceptbutasabstractaslibertyorjustice•anotherwordforenvironmentalorecologic

WRONG

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Itisaseriousbutsimpleproblem

SustainableDesign

Prof.MichaelHardt

Weknowfairlypreciselyhowtheworldpopulationwillgrow.Weknowverypreciselyhowmuchfood,water,energy,housingetc.wewillneedforourfuturechildren.

Weknowexactlythatwearenotabletofeedthemunlesswegetsomesmartideashowtosolvethisproblem.

Wealsoknowthatthishugenumberofhumanbeingswillincreasinglystrainthisplanet.

Butwestillbehavelikebrainlesslocusts.

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SustainableDesign

Prof.MichaelHardt

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Unlimitedgrowthonourlimitedworldisnotpossible

SustainableDesign

Prof.MichaelHardt

Wewillsoonhavereachedourlimits.Wehavetodosomething.Andsomethingcanbedone.

ClubofRome1972LimitsofGrowth

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SustainableDesign

Prof.MichaelHardt

Unlimitedgrowthonourlimitedworldisnotpossible

todaywehave1.8ha/humanbeing

2050wewillhave1.2ha/humanbeing

todayweneeded2.3ha/humanbeing

Europeansuse4.7ha/humanbeing

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Itisaseriousbutsimpleproblemalreadynow!

SustainableDesign

Prof.MichaelHardt

asanexampleeveryhour300childrendiebecausetheyhavenoaccesstocleanwater

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Whoistoblame?

SustainableDesign

Prof.MichaelHardt

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Whatkindofworlddoweleaveforourchildren?

SustainableDesign

Prof.MichaelHardt

Wedon‘towntheworld,wehaveonlyborroweditfromourchildren

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Whoistoblame?

SustainableDesign

Prof.MichaelHardt

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Resolution38/161;19.12.1983Processofpreparationoftheenvironmentalperspectivetotheyear2000andbeyond

SustainableDesign

Prof.MichaelHardt

TheGeneralAssembly…8.Suggests that theSpecialCommission (…) should focusmainlyonthefollowingtermsofreferenceforitswork:

a. To propose long‐term environmental strategies for achievingsustainabledevelopmenttotheyear2000andbeyond;

b. To recommend ways in which concern for the environment may betranslated into greater co‐operation among developing countries andbetweencountriesatdifferentstagesofeconomicandsocialdevelopmentand lead to the achievement of common and mutually supportiveobjectiveswhich take account of the interrelationships betweenpeople,resources,environmentanddevelopment;

c.Toconsiderwaysandmeansbywhichtheinternationalcommunitycandealmoreeffectivelywithenvironmentalconcerns(…)

d.Tohelptodefinesharedperceptionsof long‐termenvironmentalissuesandofappropriateefforts neededtodealsuccessfullywiththeproblemsofprotectingandenhancingtheenvironment,(…)

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UnitedNationsDefinitionofsustainabledevelopment

SustainableDesign

Prof.MichaelHardt

Sustainable development is development that meets theneeds of the present without compromising the abilities offuturegenerationstomeettheirownneeds.

Itcontainswithintwokeyconcepts:

1.Theconceptofneedsinparticulartheessentialneedsoftheworld‘spoor(…)and

2.Theideaoflimitationimposedbythestateoftechnologyandsocialorganizationontheenvironment‘sabilitytomeetpresentandfutureneeds.

Brundtlandreport „OurCommonFuture“welcomedbytheUNGeneralAssemblyin its resolution42/187andpublishedbyOxfordUniversityPressin1987.

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UnitedNationsBrundtlandReport3columnstrategy

SustainableDesign

Prof.MichaelHardt

Integrating environmental, social and economic requirements in everyplanningprocess.

Acceptingglobalresponsibilityforenvironmentaleffectsoutsideareasofjurisdiction.

Decouplingeconomicgrowthfromenvironmentaldegradation.

Intergenerational equity – providing future generations with the sameenvironmentalpotentialaspresentlyexists.

Preventing irreversible long‐term damage to ecosystems and humanhealth.

Ensuring environmental adaptability and resilience – maintaining andenhancingtheadaptivecapacityoftheenvironmentalsystem.

Ensuringdistributionequity–avoidingunfairorhighenvironmentalcostsonvulnerablepopulations.

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3columntheory

SustainableDesign

Prof.MichaelHardt

economy

ecology

society

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SustainableDesign

Prof.MichaelHardt

3columntheory

economy

ecology

society

WRONG

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SustainableDesign

Prof.MichaelHardt

3columntheory

economy

ecology

society

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Metatrend

SustainableDesign

Prof.MichaelHardt

1900 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90

2000 10 20 30 40

Ideologicmassproduction

Materialisticmassconsumption

Idealisticindividualuse

Unsustainabledevelopment

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Asimplesolution,let‘smakeitacomplicatedproblem

SustainableDesign

Prof.MichaelHardt

Thebattleofthe‐isms

CapitalismSocialismEcoismEgoismActivism

=avoidaction

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ecoegotheory

SustainableDesign

Prof.MichaelHardt

economy

society

ecology

WRONG

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ecoegotheory

SustainableDesign

Prof.MichaelHardt

economy

society

ecology

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SustainableDesign

Prof.MichaelHardt

3egotheory

economy

ecology

society

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SustainableDesign

Prof.MichaelHardt

3egotheory

economy

ecology

society

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SustainableDesign

Prof.MichaelHardt

3egotheory

economy

ecology

society

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SustainableDesign

Prof.MichaelHardt

economygrows

ecologydeclines

correlationbetweeneconomicgrowthandenvironmentaldegradation

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SustainableDesign

Prof.MichaelHardt

correlationbetweeneconomicgrowthandenvironmentaldegradation

economydeclines

ecologygrows

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SustainableDesign

Prof.MichaelHardt

couplingenvironmentalandeconomicgrowth

economy

ecology

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theconceptofwaste

SustainableDesign

Prof.MichaelHardt

Themodernhumanbeingistheonlyspeciesonearththatproduceswaste.

„Humansaretheonlyspeciesthattakesfromthesoilvastquantitiesofnutrientsneededforbiologicalprocessesbutrarelyputsthembackinausableform“

McDonough&Braungart,CradletoCradlep96

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theconceptofwaste

SustainableDesign

Prof.MichaelHardt

„Toeliminatetheconceptofwastemeanstodesignthings–products,packagingandsystems–fromtheverybeginningontheunderstandingthatwastedoesnotexist.“

McDonough&Braungart,CradletoCradlep104

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theconceptofwaste

SustainableDesign

Prof.MichaelHardt

theconceptofwasteistheconceptofwastingvalues:

FinancialvaluesSocialvaluesCulturalvaluesEcologicvalues.

Sustainabilityistheconceptofno‐waste.

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linearproductcyclethinking

SustainableDesign

Prof.MichaelHardt

resource production consumption waste

production consumption waste

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fromlineartocircularthinking

SustainableDesign

Prof.MichaelHardt

productionuse

resource

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fromoperationaltosustainablethinking

SustainableDesign

Prof.MichaelHardt

short‐termoperationalproduct0‐1year

mid‐termplanningproject0‐5years

long‐termoperationalprocess20‐0years

anticipatoryethicalsustainable100‐0years

years0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 150

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HannoverPrinciplesBillofRightsforthePlanet

SustainableDesign

Prof.MichaelHardt

Insistontherightofhumanityandnaturetocoexistinahealthy,supportive,diverseandsustainablecondition.

Recogniseinterdependence.

Theelementsofhumandesigninteractwithanddependonthenaturalworld,withbroadanddiverseimplicationsateveryscale.Expanddesignconsiderationstorecognizingevendistanteffects.

Respectrelationsshipsbetweenspiritandmatter.

Considerallaspectsofhumansettlementincludingcommunity,dwelling,industry,andtradeintermsofexistingandevolvingconnectionsbetweenspiritualandmaterialconsciousness.

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designguidelinesdevelopedfortheWorld‘sfair2000/WilliamMcDonnoughArchitects1991

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SustainableDesign

Prof.MichaelHardt

Acceptresponsibilityfortheconsequencesofdesigndecisionsuponhumanwell‐being,theviabilityofnaturalsystems,andtheirrighttoco‐exist.

Createsafeobjectstolong‐termvalue.

Donotburdenfuturegenerationswithrequirementsformaintenanceorvigilantadministrationofpotentialdangerduetothecarelesscreationsofproducts,processes,orstandards.

Eliminatetheconceptofwaste.

Evaluateandoptimizethefulllife‐cycleofproductsandprocesses,toapproachthestateofnaturalsystemsinwhichthereisnowaste.

Relyonnaturalenergyflows.

Humandesignsshould,likethelivingworld,derivetheircreativeforcesfromperpetualsolarincome.Incorporatethisenergyefficientlyandsafelyforresponsibleuse.

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SustainableDesign

Prof.MichaelHardt

Understandthelimitationsofdesign.

Nohumancreationlastsforeveranddesigndoesnotsolveallproblems.Thosewhocreateandplanshouldpracticehumilityinthefaceofnature.Treatnatureasmodelandmentor,notaninconveniencetobeevadedorcontrolled.

Seekconstantimprovementsbysharingknowledge.

Encouragedirectandopendialoguebetweencolleagues,patrons,manufacturersanduserstolinklong‐termsustainableconsiderationswithethicalresponsibilityandreestablishtheintegralrelationsshipbetweennaturalprocessesandhumanactivity.

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SustainableDesign

Prof.MichaelHardt

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SustainableDesign

Prof.MichaelHardt

TheCO2problem

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SustainableDesign

Prof.MichaelHardt

CO2Emission

29,6%

20,7%

19,3%

12,9%

9,1%

8,4%Powerproduction

Industrialproduction

Mobility

Residential

Landuseandbiomassburning

Fossilfuelprocessing

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NonsustainableCO2

SustainableDesign

Prof.MichaelHardt

TheproblemaboutCO2isthefactthatwe

a.producetoomuchandb.wasteit.

Facit:

Bynonsustainablethinkingwerisktheexistenceofthehumanrace.

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SustainableCO2

SustainableDesign

Prof.MichaelHardt

CO2assuchisonereason,whytheaveragetemperatureonthisplanetis+15°Cinsteadof–18°C.

ChemicallythereisnothingwrongwithCO2.

CO2couldbeavaluableresourcee.g.toproducepolycarbonat.

Theproblemsolvingisontheway:

CCSTechnologyCarbonCaptureandSequestrationavailableasindustrialtechnologynotbefore2020pricepertatthemoment75€‐marketablebelow20€

PossiblereductionofCO2emission:90%!!!!!

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SustainableDesign

Prof.MichaelHardt

Howmuchpetroldoweleaveforourchildren?

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Energycrisis

SustainableDesign

Prof.MichaelHardt

1930! 1950! 1970! 1990! 2010! 2030! 2050!

0!

10!

20!

30!

40!

50!

Gb/y!

knownreserves consumption estimatedreserves consumptiondevelopment

sourceBritishPetroleum

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SustainableDesign

Prof.MichaelHardt

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SustainableDesign

Prof.MichaelHardt

Today‘scentralizedenergysupplysystemisbasingontheoligopolisticeconomicsystemoftheearly19thcentury.

Theenergyindustryclaimsthatregenerativeenergywillneverbeabletoreplacefossilandnuclearenergy.

Thetruthis:Theycan‘tdoitbutitcouldbedone.

Nonsustainableenergycrisis

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Nonsustainableenergycrisis

SustainableDesign

Prof.MichaelHardt

Today‘scentralizedenergysupplysystemwillbreakdown.

Thepriceoftheresourceswillincreasedramatically.Thecoststomaintainthepowertransmissionlineswillrise.Thecoststobuildnewpowerplantswillexceedtheexpectedprofits.Thecoststobuilddownoldnuclearpowerplantswilleatupallprofits.Thecoststodepositnuclearwastewillbecomeunmanageable.Thepricefortradionallyproducedenergywillhavetorisebeyondreasonablelimits.

Theenergyuserswilllookincreasinglyfornew,cheaper,cleanerandindependentalternatives.

Thisprocesshasbegun.

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SustainableDesign

Prof.MichaelHardt

Asustainablesolutionforanunsustainablesystem?

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SustainableDesign

Prof.MichaelHardt

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SustainableEnergyExample

SustainableDesign

Prof.MichaelHardt

Michelin

Frenchproduceroftyreshasbuildtheworldwidebiggestphotovoltaicroofinstallation

200510MWpenergyfor2.800householdsperyearreductionof1.650tCO2

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SustainableDesign

Prof.MichaelHardt

Asustainablesolutionforasustainablesystem:

Theindividualpowerplant.

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SustainableDesign

Prof.MichaelHardt

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SustainableDesign

Prof.MichaelHardt

BigBusinessSustainabilityProjectWashingMachine

Price600€Lifespan10years2.500washings0.24€/wash

35g/wash2€/kg

0.o6€/wash

1kW/wash 45l/wash

0.38€/wash

toearnmore

reducelifespanincreaseprice

reduceefficiencyincreaseprice



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SustainableDesign

Prof.MichaelHardt

BigBusinessSustainabilityProjectWashingMachine

toearnmore

longerlifespanreusematerial

increaseefficiency reduceconsumption

reduceconsumption

600€ 35g/wash 1kW/wash 45l/wash

0.68€/wash

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SustainableDesign

Prof.MichaelHardt

Sustainabletourism–anillusion?

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SustainableTourismDefinition

SustainableDesign

Prof.MichaelHardt

Sustainable tourism iswhere tourists canenjoytheir holidayand at the same time respect the cultureof peopleandalsorespecttheenvironment.

Italsomeansthat localpeople(suchastheMasaai)getafairsay about tourism and also receive some money from theprofit which the game reserve make. The environment isbeingdamagedquitealotbytouristsandpartofSustainabletourismistomakesurethatthedamagingdoesnotcarryon.

STUPID

SourceWikipedia2010

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Tourism

SustainableDesign

Prof.MichaelHardt

„Tourismisaninternationalsystemofexchangeattheheartofglobalisation“

Assuchitworkslikefuel:Itisenergythatenablesmobility.

Butitalsoproduces„aculturalclimatechange“.

How can we avoid an unwanted cultural polution and turn theproductionofculturalwasteintoavaluableandsustainableresource?

SourceWikipedia2010

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TheUnitedNationsWorldTourismOrganisationSustainableTourismDefinition

SustainableDesign

Prof.MichaelHardt

Sustainable tourism is tourism that meets the needs of presenttouristsandhostregionswhileprotectingandenhancingopportunityforthefuture.

Rather than being a type of product, it is an ethos that underpins all tourismactivities. As such, it is integral to all aspects of tourism development andmanagementratherthanbeinganadd‐oncomponent.

Theobjectiveofsustainabletourismistoretaintheeconomicandsocialadvantagesof tourismdevelopmentwhile reducingormitigating any undesirable impacts onthenatural,historic,culturalorsocialenvironment.

Thisisachievedbybalancingtheneedsoftouristswiththoseofthedestination.

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RovaniemiPrinciplesCodeofsustainabletourism

SustainableDesign

Prof.MichaelHardt

Insistontherightof humanityandnaturetocoexist inahealthy,supportive,diverseandsustainablecondition.

Recogniseinterdependence.

Tourisminteractswithanddependsonthenaturalworldandculturaldiversity,withbroad and diverse implications at every scale. Expand measures of tourism torecognizingevendistanteffects.

Respectrelationsshipsbetweenspiritandmatter.

Considerallaspectsofhumansettlementincludingcommunity,dwelling,mobility,and trade in terms of existing and evolving connections between spiritual andmaterialconsciousness.

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DraftbasedontheHannoverprinciples,BillofRightsforthePlanetbyWilliamMcDonnoughArchitects1991

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SustainableDesign

Prof.MichaelHardt

Accept responsibility for the consequences of tourism upon human well‐being, theviabilityofnaturalsystems,andtheirrighttoco‐exist.

Createsafeobjectstolong‐termvalue.

Donotburdenfuturegenerationswithrequirements formaintenanceorrestoringof culture or environment due to the careless exploitation of routes anddestinationsthroughtourism.

Eliminatetheconceptofwaste.

Evaluateandoptimizethefulllife‐cycleofproductsandprocesses,toapproachthestateofnaturalsystemsinwhichthereisnowaste.

Respectclimaticpeculiarities.

Tourismshouldnotcontributeunnecessarilyandirresponsiblytotheclimatchangeoritsconsequences.


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SustainableDesign

Prof.MichaelHardt

Understandthelimitationsoftourism.

Those who are tourists or live of tourism should practice humility in the face ofcultureandnature.Treat themasmodel andmentor, not an inconvenience tobeevadedorcontrolled.

Seekconstantimprovementsbysharingknowledge.

Encourage direct and open dialogue between tourists, tour‐operators, hosts andlocal communities to link long‐term sustainable considerations with ethicalresponsibilityandreestablishtheintegralrelationsshipbetweennaturalprocesses,culturalpremissesandhumanactivity.

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Thankyouforyourattention

SustainableDesign

Prof.MichaelHardt

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