How to Grab the Low Hanging Fruit?
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Transcript of How to Grab the Low Hanging Fruit?
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Federal AviationAdministration
How to Grab the Low Hanging Fruit?
Guidelines for Mechanics and Managers on Fatigue Countermeasure Training
World Aviation Training Symposium
Katrina Avers, Ph.D.
Bill Johnson, Ph.D.
Erica Hauck, M.S.
April 27-29, 2010
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World Aviation Training SymposiumApril 27-29, 2010 Orlando, FL
Talking Points
• Is Fatigue a Concern in MX Operations• Current R&D for Maintenance Fatigue• Steps to an Effective Fatigue
Training Program• Organizational Implications• Training Limits• Next Steps (after training)• Available Resources
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World Aviation Training SymposiumApril 27-29, 2010 Orlando, FL
Is Fatigue a Concern in MX Operations?
Shift* Min Max Mean
Day (N=30) 3:24 6:38 5:06
Afternoon (N=19) 2:40 6:31 5:04
Grave (N=12) 4:01 6:09 5:00
*Data from about 20,000 hours of Actigraph
Average Sleep = 5:05
Field Study of Aviation Maintenance Technicians (Johnson et al., 2001)
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World Aviation Training SymposiumApril 27-29, 2010 Orlando, FL
Is Fatigue a Concern in MX Operations?
• National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB)– Reduce accidents and incidents caused by human fatigue in the
aviation industry (NTSB Most Wanted)– Review the issue of personnel fatigue in aviation maintenance; then
establish duty time limitations consistent with the current state of scientific knowledge for personnel who perform maintenance on air carrier aircraft (A-97-71)
• Federal Aviation Administration (FAA)– The aircraft maintenance work environment is a leading problem
area for high levels of physical and cognitive fatigue (FAA Fatigue Conference, 2008)
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An Example from Industry
“I have been a lead mechanic for over 25 years for the airlines. Have I ever worked tired …or seen others work tired when they shouldn't have? Yes. Do other mechanics, leads and management know about it? Yes. Have mistakes been made due to fatigue? Yes... When errors are made we catch them and repair them and press on with the job….”
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World Aviation Training SymposiumApril 27-29, 2010 Orlando, FL
Current R&D for Maintenance Fatigue
• Multi-disciplinary workgroup• Develop integrated, scientifically-based, practical
solutions– Short-term (Low Hanging Fruit)– Long-term
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Steps to an Effective Training Program
1. Motivate the learner
2. Help the learner diagnose their challenges
3. Empower the learner with knowledge to overcome challenges
4. Reinforce the learning
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Step 1 - Motivation: What’s in it for me?
• INDIVIDUAL– Improved quality of life– Increased average sleep times– Fewer physical illnesses
• COMPANY– Reduced absenteeism– Reduced turnover– Reduced morale problems– Fewer accidents and injuries
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World Aviation Training SymposiumApril 27-29, 2010 Orlando, FL
Step 1 - Motivation: What’s in for me?
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Step 2 - Diagnosis: Is fatigue an issue for me?
• Most people overestimate their sleep
• Several methods to improve diagnosis– Sleep diary– Symptom checklist– Supplemental incident form
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Sleep Diary
Day of the week Sun Mon Tue Thu Thu Fri Sat
Bed time: Enter date & time (mm/dd/yyyy 00:00 AM/PM)
11/1/09 8:30 PM 11/2/09 1:30 PM 11/3/09 10:30 AM 11/5/09 2:30 AM 11/5/09 8:30 PM 11/6/09 11:30 PM 11/7/09 11:30 PM
Wake time: Enter date & time (mm/dd/yyyy 00:00 AM/PM)
11/2/09 8:30 AM 11/2/09 10:24 PM 11/3/09 6:44 PM 11/5/09 6:44 AM 11/6/09 7:44 AM 11/7/09 8:04 AM 11/8/09 4:44 AM
How many times did you wake-up during your sleep period?
4 3 2 1 0 3 2
Did you take a sleep aid? Y/N Y Y N N N N N
Did you take a nap? Y/N Y N N N N N N
Rate the quality of your sleep: 1 = poor, 5 = excellent 3 3 3 2 4 3 2
Total Sleep time: (h:mm:ss). Will auto calculate based on wake and
bed times 12:00:00 8:54:00 8:14:00 4:14:00 11:14:00 8:34:00 5:14:00
8:20:34
2.1
2.9
Sleep Log: Example
Your total average hours of sleep this week
(Naps not included):
Your total average number of awakenings this week:
Quality of your sleep on average:
Note: If you are experiencing multiple awakenings (longer than 20 mins) during your sleep period, you may have a sleep disorder and should consult a physician.
This rating is based on a (1 - 5) scale. 1=poor, 5=excellent.
*Caffeine=coffee, tea, caffeinated soda, chocolate, energy drinks, & certain medications
Note: Deduct 30 mins from your total for sleep inertia (the period it takes to wake-up and fall asleep). If you are getting less than 7 hours of sleep on average, you may need to change your sleep habits.Bed Tim
e Wake Tim
e Caffe
ine Awakenings
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Symptom Checklist
Physical Symptoms Mental Symptoms Emotional Symptoms
Yawning repeatedly Heavy eyelids or
microsleeps Eye-rubbing Nodding off or head
drooping Headaches, nausea, or
upset stomach Slowed reaction time Lack of energy,
weakness, or light headedness
Difficulty concentrating on tasks
Lapses in attention Failure to communicate
important information Failure to anticipate
events or actions Making mistakes even
on well-practiced tasks Forgetfulness Difficulty thinking clearly Poor decision making
More quiet or withdrawn than normal
Lack of motivation to do the task well
Irritable or grumpy with colleagues, family, or friends
Low morale
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Supplemental Incident Form
Hours Minutes
Start Endday of task
1 day prior
2 days prior
3 days prior
4 days prior
Go to sleep Wake up
Rev 02/23/2010
Work schedule (Local Military Time):* (mm/dd/yy 00:00)
(mm/dd/yy 00:00)
(mm/dd/yy 00:00)
(mm/dd/yy 00:00)
(mm/dd/yy 00:00)
2nd nap in 24 hrs prior to work task (Local Military Time):*
Length of commute to work:*
Typical sleep period (Local Military Time):*
General Description of Work and Sleep History ( * indicates 'required' items)
Describe your work / sleep history prior to the work task, even if the problem was not related to work hours / sleep history.
Enter 'NA' if you did not work.
Enter 'NA' if not applicable.
Sleep period in the 24 hrs prior to work task (Local Military Time):*
1st nap in the 24 hrs prior to work task (Local Military Time):*
Commute Time
Work Schedule
Recent Sleep
Typical Sleep
Naps
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Step 4 – Reinforcement: Promoting Fatigue Awareness at Work
• Utilize international attention to fatigue in aviation to improve awareness and reinforce training
• Utilize available fatigue awareness materials – Calendars– Newsletters– Posters– HFPS
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Fatigue Awareness MaterialsNewsletterNewsletter
CalendarCalendar
FREE MX Fatigue Awareness Posters
Click on icon to get FREE posters.PostersPostersHFPSHFPS
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Organizational Implications
• Training is the first step toward addressing job-related fatigue
• Knowledgeable employees are more likely to embrace change if they understand and recognize the effect of fatigue
• Manager training must include guidance on:– How to develop science-based schedules– How to allocate tasks when fatigue is a concern– How to continually evaluate fatigue-related safety
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World Aviation Training SymposiumApril 27-29, 2010 Orlando, FL
Training Limits
• Fatigue countermeasure training is a low-hanging fruit with substantial benefits, but– it has its limits– it cannot extend human physical and
mental capabilities beyond design limits
• Training is a first step in active fatigue risk management
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World Aviation Training SymposiumApril 27-29, 2010 Orlando, FL
Future Plans for MX Fatigue Workgroup
• Training program for supervisors• Review of fatigue modeling and scheduling
tools• Return-on-investment assessment for
fatigue management interventions• Operational handbook
– Instructions for implementing a fatigue risk management system
– Tools needed for implementing a fatigue risk management system
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20 20Federal AviationAdministration
World Aviation Training SymposiumApril 27-29, 2010 Orlando, FL
Current Available Resources
Fatigue Management ToolboxNews and EventsEducation MaterialsPublications/ArticlesRegulationsLinksQuestions/Help
Shortcut at:
mxfatigue.com
https://hfskyway.faa.gov/hfskyway/fatigueHome.aspxhttps://hfskyway.faa.gov/hfskyway/fatigueHome.aspx
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21 21Federal AviationAdministration
World Aviation Training SymposiumApril 27-29, 2010 Orlando, FL
Contacts
Mr. Jay HilesASI-National Staff Specialist-Human FactorsEmail: [email protected]: (202) 385-6421
Principal Investigator
Katrina Avers, Ph.D.Industrial/Organizational Research PsychologistEmail: [email protected]: (405) 954-1199
Bill Johnson, Ph.D.Chief Scientific and TechnicalAdvisor for Human FactorsEmail: [email protected]: (770) 458-7921
Sponsors
Research Program Manager
Glen R. GallawayMaintenance Human Factors Research Program Mgr. Human Factors Research and Engineering Group, ATO-PEmail: [email protected] Phone: (202) 267-3173
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Questions?