Presented to: By: Date: Federal Aviation Administration How to Grab the Low Hanging Fruit?...

Presented to:

By:

Date:

Federal AviationAdministration

How to Grab the Low Hanging Fruit?

Guidelines for Mechanics and Managers on Fatigue Countermeasure Training

World Aviation Training Symposium

Katrina Avers, Ph.D.

Bill Johnson, Ph.D.

Erica Hauck, M.S.

April 27-29, 2010

2 2Federal AviationAdministration

World Aviation Training SymposiumApril 27-29, 2010 Orlando, FL

Talking Points

• Is Fatigue a Concern in MX Operations• Current R&D for Maintenance Fatigue• Steps to an Effective Fatigue

Training Program• Organizational Implications• Training Limits• Next Steps (after training)• Available Resources



Is Fatigue a Concern in MX Operations?

Shift* Min Max Mean

Day (N=30) 3:24 6:38 5:06

Afternoon (N=19) 2:40 6:31 5:04

Grave (N=12) 4:01 6:09 5:00

*Data from about 20,000 hours of Actigraph

Average Sleep = 5:05

Field Study of Aviation Maintenance Technicians (Johnson et al., 2001)



Is Fatigue a Concern in MX Operations?

• National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB)– Reduce accidents and incidents caused by human fatigue in the

aviation industry (NTSB Most Wanted)– Review the issue of personnel fatigue in aviation maintenance; then

establish duty time limitations consistent with the current state of scientific knowledge for personnel who perform maintenance on air carrier aircraft (A-97-71)

• Federal Aviation Administration (FAA)– The aircraft maintenance work environment is a leading problem

area for high levels of physical and cognitive fatigue (FAA Fatigue Conference, 2008)



An Example from Industry

“I have been a lead mechanic for over 25 years for the airlines. Have I ever worked tired …or seen others work tired when they shouldn't have? Yes. Do other mechanics, leads and management know about it? Yes. Have mistakes been made due to fatigue? Yes... When errors are made we catch them and repair them and press on with the job….”



Current R&D for Maintenance Fatigue

• Multi-disciplinary workgroup• Develop integrated, scientifically-based, practical

solutions– Short-term (Low Hanging Fruit)– Long-term



Steps to an Effective Training Program

1. Motivate the learner

2. Help the learner diagnose their challenges

3. Empower the learner with knowledge to overcome challenges

4. Reinforce the learning



Step 1 - Motivation: What’s in it for me?

• INDIVIDUAL– Improved quality of life– Increased average sleep times– Fewer physical illnesses

• COMPANY– Reduced absenteeism– Reduced turnover– Reduced morale problems– Fewer accidents and injuries



Step 1 - Motivation: What’s in for me?



Step 2 - Diagnosis: Is fatigue an issue for me?

• Most people overestimate their sleep

• Several methods to improve diagnosis– Sleep diary– Symptom checklist– Supplemental incident form



Sleep Diary

Day of the week Sun Mon Tue Thu Thu Fri Sat

Bed time: Enter date & time (mm/dd/yyyy 00:00 AM/PM)

11/1/09 8:30 PM 11/2/09 1:30 PM 11/3/09 10:30 AM 11/5/09 2:30 AM 11/5/09 8:30 PM 11/6/09 11:30 PM 11/7/09 11:30 PM

Wake time: Enter date & time (mm/dd/yyyy 00:00 AM/PM)

11/2/09 8:30 AM 11/2/09 10:24 PM 11/3/09 6:44 PM 11/5/09 6:44 AM 11/6/09 7:44 AM 11/7/09 8:04 AM 11/8/09 4:44 AM

How many times did you wake-up during your sleep period?

4 3 2 1 0 3 2

Did you take a sleep aid? Y/N Y Y N N N N N

Did you take a nap? Y/N Y N N N N N N

Rate the quality of your sleep: 1 = poor, 5 = excellent 3 3 3 2 4 3 2

Total Sleep time: (h:mm:ss). Will auto calculate based on wake and

bed times 12:00:00 8:54:00 8:14:00 4:14:00 11:14:00 8:34:00 5:14:00

8:20:34

2.1

2.9

Sleep Log: Example

Your total average hours of sleep this week

(Naps not included):

Your total average number of awakenings this week:

Quality of your sleep on average:

Note: If you are experiencing multiple awakenings (longer than 20 mins) during your sleep period, you may have a sleep disorder and should consult a physician.

This rating is based on a (1 - 5) scale. 1=poor, 5=excellent.

*Caffeine=coffee, tea, caffeinated soda, chocolate, energy drinks, & certain medications

Note: Deduct 30 mins from your total for sleep inertia (the period it takes to wake-up and fall asleep). If you are getting less than 7 hours of sleep on average, you may need to change your sleep habits.Bed Tim

e Wake Tim

e Caffe

ine Awakenings



Symptom Checklist

Physical Symptoms Mental Symptoms Emotional Symptoms

Yawning repeatedly Heavy eyelids or

microsleeps Eye-rubbing Nodding off or head

drooping Headaches, nausea, or

upset stomach Slowed reaction time Lack of energy,

weakness, or light headedness

Difficulty concentrating on tasks

Lapses in attention Failure to communicate

important information Failure to anticipate

events or actions Making mistakes even

on well-practiced tasks Forgetfulness Difficulty thinking clearly Poor decision making

More quiet or withdrawn than normal

Lack of motivation to do the task well

Irritable or grumpy with colleagues, family, or friends

Low morale



Supplemental Incident Form

Hours Minutes

Start Endday of task

1 day prior

2 days prior

3 days prior

4 days prior

Go to sleep Wake up

Rev 02/23/2010

Work schedule (Local Military Time):* (mm/dd/yy 00:00)

(mm/dd/yy 00:00)

(mm/dd/yy 00:00)

(mm/dd/yy 00:00)

(mm/dd/yy 00:00)

2nd nap in 24 hrs prior to work task (Local Military Time):*

Length of commute to work:*

Typical sleep period (Local Military Time):*

General Description of Work and Sleep History ( * indicates 'required' items)

Describe your work / sleep history prior to the work task, even if the problem was not related to work hours / sleep history.

Enter 'NA' if you did not work.

Enter 'NA' if not applicable.

Sleep period in the 24 hrs prior to work task (Local Military Time):*

1st nap in the 24 hrs prior to work task (Local Military Time):*

Commute Time

Work Schedule

Recent Sleep

Typical Sleep

Naps



Step 4 – Reinforcement: Promoting Fatigue Awareness at Work

• Utilize international attention to fatigue in aviation to improve awareness and reinforce training

• Utilize available fatigue awareness materials – Calendars– Newsletters– Posters– HFPS



Fatigue Awareness MaterialsNewsletterNewsletter

CalendarCalendar

FREE MX Fatigue Awareness Posters

Click on icon to get FREE posters.PostersPostersHFPSHFPS



Organizational Implications

• Training is the first step toward addressing job-related fatigue

• Knowledgeable employees are more likely to embrace change if they understand and recognize the effect of fatigue

• Manager training must include guidance on:– How to develop science-based schedules– How to allocate tasks when fatigue is a concern– How to continually evaluate fatigue-related safety



Training Limits

• Fatigue countermeasure training is a low-hanging fruit with substantial benefits, but– it has its limits– it cannot extend human physical and

mental capabilities beyond design limits

• Training is a first step in active fatigue risk management



Future Plans for MX Fatigue Workgroup

• Training program for supervisors• Review of fatigue modeling and scheduling

tools• Return-on-investment assessment for

fatigue management interventions• Operational handbook

– Instructions for implementing a fatigue risk management system

– Tools needed for implementing a fatigue risk management system



Current Available Resources

Fatigue Management ToolboxNews and EventsEducation MaterialsPublications/ArticlesRegulationsLinksQuestions/Help

Shortcut at:

mxfatigue.com

https://hfskyway.faa.gov/hfskyway/fatigueHome.aspxhttps://hfskyway.faa.gov/hfskyway/fatigueHome.aspx



Contacts

Mr. Jay HilesASI-National Staff Specialist-Human FactorsEmail: [email protected]: (202) 385-6421

Principal Investigator

Katrina Avers, Ph.D.Industrial/Organizational Research PsychologistEmail: [email protected]: (405) 954-1199

Bill Johnson, Ph.D.Chief Scientific and TechnicalAdvisor for Human FactorsEmail: [email protected]: (770) 458-7921

Sponsors

Research Program Manager

Glen R. GallawayMaintenance Human Factors Research Program Mgr. Human Factors Research and Engineering Group, ATO-PEmail: [email protected] Phone: (202) 267-3173



Questions?

Presented to: By: Date: Federal Aviation Administration How to Grab the Low Hanging Fruit?...

Documents

Transcript of Presented to: By: Date: Federal Aviation Administration How to Grab the Low Hanging Fruit?...