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1 How do we draw a picture? • Define geometry. • Now what? • We can draw the edges of the faces. Wireframe. • We can only draw the edges of faces that are visible. • We can fill in the faces. Giving each object a color (constant shading). COSC 342

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Transcript of How do we draw a picture?sking/Courses/COSC5327/Notes/Shading2.pdf · • We can draw the edges of...

Page 1: How do we draw a picture?sking/Courses/COSC5327/Notes/Shading2.pdf · • We can draw the edges of the faces. Wireframe. • We can only draw the edges of faces that are visible.

1

How do we draw a picture?

• Define geometry.

• Now what?

• We can draw the edges of the faces. Wireframe.

• We can only draw the edges of faces that are visible.

• We can fill in the faces. Giving each object a color(constant shading).

COSC 342

Page 2: How do we draw a picture?sking/Courses/COSC5327/Notes/Shading2.pdf · • We can draw the edges of the faces. Wireframe. • We can only draw the edges of faces that are visible.

2

Flat Shading

• Assumes the object is faceted, and light and viewerat infinity.

• Illumination model is applied only once per polygon.

Page 3: How do we draw a picture?sking/Courses/COSC5327/Notes/Shading2.pdf · • We can draw the edges of the faces. Wireframe. • We can only draw the edges of faces that are visible.

2

Flat Shading

• Assumes the object is faceted, and light and viewerat infinity.

• Illumination model is applied only once per polygon.

• What if the object represents a curved surface?

COSC 342

Page 4: How do we draw a picture?sking/Courses/COSC5327/Notes/Shading2.pdf · • We can draw the edges of the faces. Wireframe. • We can only draw the edges of faces that are visible.

3

Flat Shading

• Works poorly if the model represents a curved sur-face.

• Adding more facets helps but...

? Slows down the rendering.? Effectiveness is tempered by Mach banding.

COSC 342

Page 5: How do we draw a picture?sking/Courses/COSC5327/Notes/Shading2.pdf · • We can draw the edges of the faces. Wireframe. • We can only draw the edges of faces that are visible.

4

Mach Bands

Perceived intensity change at edges are exageratedby receptors in our eyes, making the dark facet lookdarker and the light facet look lighter.

COSC 342

Page 6: How do we draw a picture?sking/Courses/COSC5327/Notes/Shading2.pdf · • We can draw the edges of the faces. Wireframe. • We can only draw the edges of faces that are visible.

5

Is A or B darker?

illusion by Ted Adelson COSC 342

Page 7: How do we draw a picture?sking/Courses/COSC5327/Notes/Shading2.pdf · • We can draw the edges of the faces. Wireframe. • We can only draw the edges of faces that are visible.

6

Are you sure?

illusion by Ted Adelson COSC 342

Page 8: How do we draw a picture?sking/Courses/COSC5327/Notes/Shading2.pdf · • We can draw the edges of the faces. Wireframe. • We can only draw the edges of faces that are visible.

7

Is A or B darker?

illusion by Ted Adelson COSC 342

Page 9: How do we draw a picture?sking/Courses/COSC5327/Notes/Shading2.pdf · • We can draw the edges of the faces. Wireframe. • We can only draw the edges of faces that are visible.

8

Are you sure?

illusion by Ted Adelson COSC 342

Page 10: How do we draw a picture?sking/Courses/COSC5327/Notes/Shading2.pdf · • We can draw the edges of the faces. Wireframe. • We can only draw the edges of faces that are visible.

9

Are the diamonds the same colour?

illusion by Ted Adelson COSC 342

Page 11: How do we draw a picture?sking/Courses/COSC5327/Notes/Shading2.pdf · • We can draw the edges of the faces. Wireframe. • We can only draw the edges of faces that are visible.

10

Are the diamonds the same colour?

illusion by Ted Adelson COSC 342

Page 12: How do we draw a picture?sking/Courses/COSC5327/Notes/Shading2.pdf · • We can draw the edges of the faces. Wireframe. • We can only draw the edges of faces that are visible.

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Page 13: How do we draw a picture?sking/Courses/COSC5327/Notes/Shading2.pdf · • We can draw the edges of the faces. Wireframe. • We can only draw the edges of faces that are visible.

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Are the circles the same colour and size?

Page 14: How do we draw a picture?sking/Courses/COSC5327/Notes/Shading2.pdf · • We can draw the edges of the faces. Wireframe. • We can only draw the edges of faces that are visible.

13

Harmann-grid illusion - See white circles?

Page 15: How do we draw a picture?sking/Courses/COSC5327/Notes/Shading2.pdf · • We can draw the edges of the faces. Wireframe. • We can only draw the edges of faces that are visible.

14

Flat Shading

Page 16: How do we draw a picture?sking/Courses/COSC5327/Notes/Shading2.pdf · • We can draw the edges of the faces. Wireframe. • We can only draw the edges of faces that are visible.

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Gouraud Shading

Page 17: How do we draw a picture?sking/Courses/COSC5327/Notes/Shading2.pdf · • We can draw the edges of the faces. Wireframe. • We can only draw the edges of faces that are visible.

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Gouraud Shading

• Also called smooth shading, intensity interpolationshading or color interpolation shading.

• Discontinuities eliminated by interpolating intensity.

• Almost removes Mach bands (high curvature can stillsuffer).

• OpenGL implements Gouraud shading.

• Easily implemented in hardware.

Page 18: How do we draw a picture?sking/Courses/COSC5327/Notes/Shading2.pdf · • We can draw the edges of the faces. Wireframe. • We can only draw the edges of faces that are visible.

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Gouraud Shading: How it works

• Illumination is calculated per vertex.

• Average normals of polygons that share vertex.

• Vertex colors linearly interpolated per pixel, firstalong the edges, then between those for the scan-line.

• Slower than flat shading, with much better results forcurved surfaces.

Page 19: How do we draw a picture?sking/Courses/COSC5327/Notes/Shading2.pdf · • We can draw the edges of the faces. Wireframe. • We can only draw the edges of faces that are visible.

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Gouraud Shading: How it works

Page 20: How do we draw a picture?sking/Courses/COSC5327/Notes/Shading2.pdf · • We can draw the edges of the faces. Wireframe. • We can only draw the edges of faces that are visible.

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Gouraud Shading: Notice any problems?

Page 21: How do we draw a picture?sking/Courses/COSC5327/Notes/Shading2.pdf · • We can draw the edges of the faces. Wireframe. • We can only draw the edges of faces that are visible.

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Gouraud Shading: Problems

• Highlights are spread along edges.

• Highlights tend to be larger than they should.

• Highlights tend to be shaped funny (dependent onnumber of polys).

• Misses specular highlights contained within a poly-gon.

Page 22: How do we draw a picture?sking/Courses/COSC5327/Notes/Shading2.pdf · • We can draw the edges of the faces. Wireframe. • We can only draw the edges of faces that are visible.

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Gouraud Shading Problems

Page 23: How do we draw a picture?sking/Courses/COSC5327/Notes/Shading2.pdf · • We can draw the edges of the faces. Wireframe. • We can only draw the edges of faces that are visible.

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Gouraud Shading Problems

Page 24: How do we draw a picture?sking/Courses/COSC5327/Notes/Shading2.pdf · • We can draw the edges of the faces. Wireframe. • We can only draw the edges of faces that are visible.

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Gouraud Shading Problems

Page 25: How do we draw a picture?sking/Courses/COSC5327/Notes/Shading2.pdf · • We can draw the edges of the faces. Wireframe. • We can only draw the edges of faces that are visible.

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Gouraud Shading Problems

Page 26: How do we draw a picture?sking/Courses/COSC5327/Notes/Shading2.pdf · • We can draw the edges of the faces. Wireframe. • We can only draw the edges of faces that are visible.

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Gouraud Shading Problems

Page 27: How do we draw a picture?sking/Courses/COSC5327/Notes/Shading2.pdf · • We can draw the edges of the faces. Wireframe. • We can only draw the edges of faces that are visible.

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Gouraud Shading Problems

Page 28: How do we draw a picture?sking/Courses/COSC5327/Notes/Shading2.pdf · • We can draw the edges of the faces. Wireframe. • We can only draw the edges of faces that are visible.

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Gouraud Shading Problems

Page 29: How do we draw a picture?sking/Courses/COSC5327/Notes/Shading2.pdf · • We can draw the edges of the faces. Wireframe. • We can only draw the edges of faces that are visible.

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Gouraud Shading Problems

Page 30: How do we draw a picture?sking/Courses/COSC5327/Notes/Shading2.pdf · • We can draw the edges of the faces. Wireframe. • We can only draw the edges of faces that are visible.

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Gouraud Shading Problems

Page 31: How do we draw a picture?sking/Courses/COSC5327/Notes/Shading2.pdf · • We can draw the edges of the faces. Wireframe. • We can only draw the edges of faces that are visible.

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Gouraud Shading Problems

Page 32: How do we draw a picture?sking/Courses/COSC5327/Notes/Shading2.pdf · • We can draw the edges of the faces. Wireframe. • We can only draw the edges of faces that are visible.

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Gouraud Shading Problems

Page 33: How do we draw a picture?sking/Courses/COSC5327/Notes/Shading2.pdf · • We can draw the edges of the faces. Wireframe. • We can only draw the edges of faces that are visible.

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Gouraud Shading Problems

Page 34: How do we draw a picture?sking/Courses/COSC5327/Notes/Shading2.pdf · • We can draw the edges of the faces. Wireframe. • We can only draw the edges of faces that are visible.

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Gouraud Shading Problems

Page 35: How do we draw a picture?sking/Courses/COSC5327/Notes/Shading2.pdf · • We can draw the edges of the faces. Wireframe. • We can only draw the edges of faces that are visible.

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Gouraud Shading Problems

Page 36: How do we draw a picture?sking/Courses/COSC5327/Notes/Shading2.pdf · • We can draw the edges of the faces. Wireframe. • We can only draw the edges of faces that are visible.

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Gouraud Shading Problems

Page 37: How do we draw a picture?sking/Courses/COSC5327/Notes/Shading2.pdf · • We can draw the edges of the faces. Wireframe. • We can only draw the edges of faces that are visible.

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Phong Shading

• Don’t confuse with Phong illumination(same guy different algorithm).

• Also called normal-vector interpolation shading.

• Interpolates the surface normals instead of the inten-sity values.

• Calculate illumination at every pixel, as well as a vec-tor normalization. Much slower than Gouraud.

• Gives better results, especially for highlights.

• Can handle highlights within a polygon.

Page 38: How do we draw a picture?sking/Courses/COSC5327/Notes/Shading2.pdf · • We can draw the edges of the faces. Wireframe. • We can only draw the edges of faces that are visible.

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Phong Shading: How it works

Page 39: How do we draw a picture?sking/Courses/COSC5327/Notes/Shading2.pdf · • We can draw the edges of the faces. Wireframe. • We can only draw the edges of faces that are visible.

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Gouraud Shading

Patrick Coleman

Page 40: How do we draw a picture?sking/Courses/COSC5327/Notes/Shading2.pdf · • We can draw the edges of the faces. Wireframe. • We can only draw the edges of faces that are visible.

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Phong Shading

Patrick Coleman

Page 41: How do we draw a picture?sking/Courses/COSC5327/Notes/Shading2.pdf · • We can draw the edges of the faces. Wireframe. • We can only draw the edges of faces that are visible.

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Shading Comparison

from Watt, 1989

Page 42: How do we draw a picture?sking/Courses/COSC5327/Notes/Shading2.pdf · • We can draw the edges of the faces. Wireframe. • We can only draw the edges of faces that are visible.

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Problems with Interpolation Shading

• Must store normals at each vertex.

• Silhouette edges not smoothed.

• Interpolation can mask regular changes.

• Interpolation in image space ignores perspective dis-tortion.

• Crease edges should not have smooth shading.

• Orientation dependence.

from Watt, 1989

Page 43: How do we draw a picture?sking/Courses/COSC5327/Notes/Shading2.pdf · • We can draw the edges of the faces. Wireframe. • We can only draw the edges of faces that are visible.

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Interpolation Shading Problems

from Watt, 1989

Page 44: How do we draw a picture?sking/Courses/COSC5327/Notes/Shading2.pdf · • We can draw the edges of the faces. Wireframe. • We can only draw the edges of faces that are visible.

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Interpolation Shading Problems

from Watt, 1989

Page 45: How do we draw a picture?sking/Courses/COSC5327/Notes/Shading2.pdf · • We can draw the edges of the faces. Wireframe. • We can only draw the edges of faces that are visible.

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Interpolation Shading Problems

from Watt, 1989

Page 46: How do we draw a picture?sking/Courses/COSC5327/Notes/Shading2.pdf · • We can draw the edges of the faces. Wireframe. • We can only draw the edges of faces that are visible.

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Interpolation Shading ProblemsA

B

C

Dp

from Watt, 1989

Page 47: How do we draw a picture?sking/Courses/COSC5327/Notes/Shading2.pdf · • We can draw the edges of the faces. Wireframe. • We can only draw the edges of faces that are visible.

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Interpolation Shading Problems

A

B

C

D

p

from Watt, 1989

Page 48: How do we draw a picture?sking/Courses/COSC5327/Notes/Shading2.pdf · • We can draw the edges of the faces. Wireframe. • We can only draw the edges of faces that are visible.

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Interpolation Shading ProblemsA

B

C

Dp

A

B

C

D

p

from Watt, 1989

Page 49: How do we draw a picture?sking/Courses/COSC5327/Notes/Shading2.pdf · • We can draw the edges of the faces. Wireframe. • We can only draw the edges of faces that are visible.

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Fixes for Interpolation Shading

• Use triangles.

• Use more triangles.

• Use multiple normals (to get sharp edges)

from Watt, 1989

Page 50: How do we draw a picture?sking/Courses/COSC5327/Notes/Shading2.pdf · • We can draw the edges of the faces. Wireframe. • We can only draw the edges of faces that are visible.

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