Hormones Booklet - F214

8/9/2019 Hormones Booklet - F214

1/18

1


2/18

2


3/18

Hormones

Secretion is…

Secretion is carried out by glands. There are two main categories of gland.

Endocrine Gland Exocrine Gland

Endocrine GlandsOn the diagram below identify some of the organs of the endocrine system and name

some of the hormones they secrete.

3


4/18

Hormones fall into two catagories:

Type of molecule

an it pass througha membrane!"ocation of receptor

Examples

#hat is a hormone!

#hat is a target tissue!

Adrenaline

$. #here are the adrenal glands!

%. #hat chemical is used to produce catecholamine hormones in the adrenal

glands!

&. #hat general e'ect does adrenaline ha(e on the body!

). #hat are the target tissues of adrenaline and how do they respond! Target Tissue *esponse

4


5/18

+. How does the hormone reach its target tissues!

,. Hormones- deri(ed from amino acids- such as adrenaline but also insulin andglucagon/ cannot pass through the cell membrane because……..

0. So- how does the hormone cause an e'ect inside the cell! 1raw a series ofdiagrams to show the e(ents that occur once adrenaline reaches a cell in atarget tissue. learly label and name the frst messenger and secondmessenger and explain their roles.

The adrenal cortex produces di'erent types of hormones- called STEROID hormones.

2. #hat chemical is used by the adrenal cells to produce these hormones!

3. Gi(e & types of steroid hormones- two produced by the adrenal and one other

Hormone type Target Organ E'ect4drenal cortex

4drenal cortes

5

When adrenaline binds with thereceptor, the receptor proteinchanges shape and it interactsanother protein in themembrane called the………………………………This ……………….. thensplits and part of it combineswith the inactive enz me,activating it.!s a res"lt …………… isconverted to ………………….


6/18

$5. Suggest with reasons how these hormones enter the cells of their targetorgan

#


7/18

The Pancreas

$. "abel the diagram below showing a section through a pancreas.

%. 1escribe and explain how the ultrastructure of alpha and beta cells in the isletsof "angerhans is specialised to manufacture and secrete peptide hormones.

&. The pancreas has both exocrine and endocrine functions. Explain what is meantby this- illustrating you answer with examples of these functions.

$


8/18

%ormal blood gl"cose concentration& mg.1''cm(3 or mmol.dm(3

*ise inblood

glucoseconcentrati

on

Glucoseconcentrati

on falls

6a nblood

glucoseconcentrati

on

Glucoseconcentrati

onincreases

). omplete the following diagram- showing how we are able to control blood sugar le(els. 7ame the organ s/ where eachstage occurs.+.

,.0.2.

3.$5.$$. #hat is negati(e feedbac8!$%.$&.$).$+. #hy is the control of blood sugar an example of negati(e feedbac8!

)


9/18

$,. 1e9ne the following terms 7.b. one is 7OT a real term/$0.

$2. Term $3. 1e9nition

%5. Occurswhenblood

glucoseconcentra

tion is%&.too

%).too

%+. glucose

%,. %0. %2.

%3. glycogen

&5. &$. &%.

&&. glucagon

&). &+. &,.

&0. glucogen

&2. &3. )5.

)$. glucose

phosphate

)%. )&. )).

)+. gluco8ina

se

),. )0. )2.

)3. glycogene

sis

+5. +$. +%.

+&. glycogeno

lysis

+). ++. +,.

+0. gluconeogenesis

+2. +3. ,5.

,$. glycogensynthas

e

,%. ,&. ,).

,+. glycosidic

bond

,,. ,0. ,2.

,3. G" T)

05. 0$. 0%.

0&.0).0+.0,.00.02.03.25.

2$.2%.2&.2).2+.2,.

*


10/18

20.22.23.35.3$.3%.3&.3).3+.3,.30.98. omplete the ;ow chart and add numbers to the diagram to show how

insulin secretion by beta cells is regulated.33.$55.$5$.$5%.$5&.

$5).$5+.$5,.$50.$52.$53.$$5.$$$.$$%.$$&.$$).$$+.$$,.$$0.$$2.$$3.$%5.$%$.$%%.$%&.

1'


11/18

$

%

&

)

+

,

0

$%).

$%+.

11


12/18

!". Diabetes$%0.

1 +iabetes mellit"s s"gar diabetes- is one of the most common metabolic disorders in the developed world. Thereare two t pes, t pe 1 previo"sl called ins"lin(dependent /"venile0 diabetes mellit"s- and t pe 2 previo"slcalled non(ins"lin dependent mat"rit onset0 diabetes mellit"s-. +isting"ish clearl between these two forms.

ncl"de possible ca"ses for these disorders. ow do the treatments for the two t pes differ

2 ome s mptoms for the two t pes of diabetes are the same. What are the

3 eople with diabetes m"st eat meals fre6"entl beca"se the have little or no gl cogen in the liver to be mobilised.78plain wh people with diabetes will have ver low gl cogen reserves in the liver.

4 Wh is ins"lin in/ected and not ta9en b mo"th

5 What are the advantages of "sing genetic engineering in the treatment of diabetics

128.

12


13/18

$%3. omplete the labels- explaining the reasons for the shape of the cur(es

13


14/18

130. #. ow co"ld stem cell technolog be "sed to not /"st treat, b"t to c"re +iabetes

14

%ow !nswer !: 5 and $ from ;hap 3 35 and 3$


15/18

131. Review Questions

132. Hormones

1.


16/18

#. !s a res"lt of these processes, gl"cose is removed from the blood and so the blood gl"cose level drops. This dropacts as a stim"l"s and is detected b the α and β cells of the islets of >angerhans. The α cells respond b secretinggl"cagon and the β cells respond b stopping secretion of ins"lin. The red"ced level of ins"lin red"ces the rate of"pta9e of gl"cose into cells and the raised level of gl"cagon affects liver cells. tate three effects of gl"cagon onliver cells.

7 What is the res"lting effect "pon the blood gl"cose level

151.

8 ;omplete the labelling on ?ig. #.5.1 which shows how ins"lin secretion is controlled.

152. Fig 6.5.1

9 The control of blood gl"cose concentration "ses a negative feedbac9 mechanism. What are the receptors for thiscontrol mechanism

153.

What are the effectors in this control mechanism154.

155.

$+,.$+0.$+2.$+3.

1#


17/18

160. Past Question

161. 1. The pancreas contains endocrine tissue. The figure below shows anelectronmicrograph of a section of pancreatic endocrine tissue.

162.

n u c l e u s r o u g h e n d o p la s m i c r e t i c u l u mc e l l m e m b r a n e b e t a c e l l s e c r e t o r y v e s i c l e

a l p h a c e l l s e c r e t o r y v e s i c l e m i t o c h o n d r ia n x 3 0 0 0 0

163. (a !ame the endocrine tissue shown in the figure.

16". .........................................................................................................................

16#.$1%

166.

16&. (b !ame the hormone present in the secretory vesicles of alpha cells.

16'. .........................................................................................................................16 .$1%

1&0.

1$


18/18

1&1. (c )uring vigorous exercise* the blood glucose concentration falls.

1&2. )escribe the changes that ta+e place to ma+e sure that the blood glucose concentrationdoes not fall to a dangerous level.

1&3. In your answer, you should use appropriate technical terms, spelled correctly .

1&". .........................................................................................................................

1. .........................................................................................................................

1&6. .........................................................................................................................

1&&. .........................................................................................................................

1&'. .........................................................................................................................

1& . .........................................................................................................................

1'0. .........................................................................................................................

1'1. .........................................................................................................................

1'2. .........................................................................................................................

1'3. .........................................................................................................................

1'". .........................................................................................................................

1'#. .........................................................................................................................

1'6. .........................................................................................................................

1'&. .........................................................................................................................

1''. .........................................................................................................................

1' . .........................................................................................................................1 0.$6%

1 1.$Total ' mar+s%

1 2.1*3.

Hormones Booklet - F214

Documents

Transcript of Hormones Booklet - F214