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Online NewsHour: Nano: Where Art and Science Meet -- June 2004

A series of large kaleidoscopes are embedded in the outer wall of the inner cell, one of nine major installations in the Nano exhibit. Visitors of all ages insert their heads into openings as the kaleidoscopes display live video of the inner cell and its participants, while hearing a passage from a science fiction narrative. The kaleidoscopes face different directions and display alternate perspectives; two point into the inner cell, at the visitors engaging with the space, while another displays a live-video feed of the bird’s eye view of the cell space. The fracturing of vision from multiple perspectives, combined with oral storytelling of science fiction prompts visitors to become immersed in the complex images or virus-like assemblages created by their fellow exhibition visitors.

Photo and text credit:University of California at Los Angeles

Funded by: National Science FoundationReports are produced solely by the NewsHour and do not necessarily reflect the views of the NSF.

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Online NewsHour: Nano: Where Art and Science Meet -- June 2004

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Online NewsHour: Nanotechnology: Where Art and Science Meet -- June 2004

Visitors' shadows manipulate and reshape projected images of "Buckyballs." "Buckyball," or a buckminsterfullerene molecule, is a closed cage-structure molecule with a carbon network. "Buckyball" was named for R. Buckminster "Bucky" Fuller (1895-1983), a scientist, philosopher and inventor, best known for creating the geodesic dome.

Photo and text credit: © 2003 Museum Associates/Los Angeles County Museum of Art











http://www.cit.com/



Visitors can experiment with a large-scale projection of buckyballs programmed to respond to the touch of the visitor’s shadow. Subtle action affects the buckyballs, replicating atomic behavior.

Photo and text credit: University of California at Los Angeles











http://www.cit.com/



A computer-generated image of a visitor's face is projected on the wall.

Photo and text credit: © 2003 Museum Associates/Los Angeles County Museum of Art











http://www.cit.com/



A wide range of hands-on activities is available for all ages, including models of jitterbugs and molecular structures. Real microscopes linked to computers enable visitors to view any object up to 200 times magnification.












http://www.cit.com/



This installation incorporates a mandala (a cosmic diagram and ritualistic symbol of the universe, used in Hinduism and Buddhism, which can be translated from Sanskrit as “whole,” “circle,” or “zero”) in conjunction with LACMA East’s “Circle of Bliss” exhibition on Nepalese and Tibetan Buddhist Art. Visitors can watch as images of a grain of sand are projected in evolving scale from the molecular structure of a single grain to the recognizable image of a pile of sand. On the atomic scale, the sand particles are like atoms, but a thousand times smaller. From a bottom-up method of visual image building, a sand mandala slowly emerges.












http://www.cit.com/



Nanomandala: The purposeful arrangement of individual atoms bears some resemblance to the methods monks use to laboriously create sand images particle by particle, however, Eastern and Western cultures use these bottom-up building practices with very different perceptions and purposes.












http://www.cit.com/


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Science, Art Collide in California Exhibit Jeffrey Brown reports on an exhibit that spreads the word about nanotechnology and its implications for a variety of fields, including health care, architecture and space travel. (7.16.04)

Adult Stem Cells Adult stem cells appear to have enormous potential for helping treat patients, but individual studies on stem cell therapies are showing mixed results.

Alien Invasion Beetles from Asia and wild weeds from the Balkans are just two of the antagonists America faces in its ongoing struggle against invasive species.

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Online NewsHour: Nano: Where Art and Science Meet -- July 2004

July 16, 2004Science, Art Collide in California ExhibitJeffrey Brown reports on an exhibit that spreads the word about nanotechnology and its implications for a variety of fields, including health care, architecture and space travel.

Nanoscientist and exhibit co-creator Jim Gimzewski, a professor in the Chemistry Department at the University of California at Los Angeles, takes your questions about nanotechnology and its promise for the future.

Images from the hands-on, multisensory exhibit "nano" illustrate the interplay of art and science through a series of participatory installations.




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Online NewsHour: Nano: Where Art and Science Meet -- July 2004


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Online NewsHour: Forum -- Nano, Where Art Meets Science -- July 2004

NANO: WHERE ART MEETS SCIENCE

July 2004

Through an interactive exhibit, professors James Gimzewski and Victoria Vesna from the University of California at Los Angeles hope to inform visitors about the basics and uses of nanotechnology. Gimzewski takes your questions on nanotechnology, and how art can help us better understand the complex field.

Online NewsHour Special Report:

Nanotechnology: Where Art Meets

Science

Browse the NewsHour's Arts

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A new exhibition at the Los Angeles County Museum of Art, called "Nano," merges art and science to explain the basics of nanotechnology.

The prefix "nano" means "one-billionth," and nanoscience studies materials with minute dimensions. The field is considered to be a new wave of science and technology that may eventually affect many aspects of our lives.

Through art-making exhibits, visitors can experience what it's like to move molecules and manipulate atoms one by one. The show brings together computing, nanoscience, molecular biology and art.

James Gimzewski, Ph.D., a professor in the Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry at UCLA, and Victoria Vesna, artist and chairwoman of the UCLA Department of Design/Media Arts, spearheaded the project.

Can art succeed in making science more understandable? What can a hands-on experience teach us about nanotechnology's possible uses? Gimzewski takes your questions.

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NewsHour Extra Lesson Plan: How Small am I? The Science of Nanotechnology

LESSON PLAN: HOW SMALL AM I? THE SCIENCE OF NANOTECHNOLOGYBy Anna M. Waldron and Carl A. Batt, Nanobiotechnology Center, Cornell University

Subjects: Nanotechnology, Chemistry, Physics

Time: Two class periods (approximately 90 minutes)

Lesson Objective:Students will gain an understanding of nanoscale dimensions and nanotechnology.

Background Imagine the smallest thing that you can see and then imagine that we can make things that are 1/1000 that size. Nanotechnology is the manipulation of matter at a scale of 1 to 100 nanometers. Using nanotechnology we can control molecules at an atomic level and create materials with unique properties. Nanotechnology is being used to make every day things like clothing, sports equipment and medical devices better. For example, carbon nanotubes, thin tubes made of carbon that are 1/50,000 the width of a hair, are being used to make tennis rackets that are very strong. (http://www.smalltimes.com/document_display.cfm?document_id=2506). You can use nanotechnology to create small devices that project all of the colors of the rainbow (http://www.news.cornell.edu/Chronicle/04/4.1.04/NanoFlag.html).

A nanometer is 10-9 (a billionth) of a meter. The prefix nano is Greek for dwarf. As a reference point, a hair is approximately 100,000 nanometers. A red blood cell is approximately 10,000 nanometers. See diagram below.

Figure 1. Size Scale, Source: www.nbtc.cornell.edu and images from www.denniskunkel.com

http://www.pbs.org/newshour/extra/teachers/lessonplans/science/nano.html (1 of 10)7/22/2004 4:08:49 AM

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http://www.nbtc.cornell.edu/

http://www.denniskunkel.com/


Why is nanotechnology so important?

Fundamentally the properties of materials can be changed by nanotechnology. We can arrange molecules in a way that they do not normally occur in nature. The material strength, electronic and optical properties of materials can all be altered using nanotechnology.

Materials:

●

“How small am I?” game


http://www.pbs.org/newshour/extra/teachers/lessonplans/science/nano_files/game.html


●

liquid soap●

water●

small bowls●

straws●

simple convex lenses (optional)

Procedures

1. Check for prior learning. Ask the students the following questions:

●

What does nano mean? (Answer: a billionth)●

What, then, is a nanometer? (Answer: a billionth of a meter)

2. New learning. Ask students: How small is a nanometer? (For Answer: Play the “How Small Am I?” game)

●

Click here for the game board. Cut out the squares on the board into cards so each card has an image. Each student pair receives a set of cards and arranges the small objects into size order, biggest to smallest. The teacher then checks for accuracy and discusses size of each object. Have students arrange small objects into correct order from biggest to smallest. (Answer: The order should be: hair, red blood cell, bacterium, dust particle, wavelength of red light, wavelength of ultraviolet light, computer chip wire, helix of DNA, carbon atom)

●

Discuss with the students how small a micrometer is and what the size of relatively common objects are in micrometers. A micrometer is a millionth of a meter. (Example: a human hair is approximately 100 micrometers in width. In the microscopic world, a red blood cell is approximately 10 micrometers, while your average bacterium is approximately 1 micrometer (a millionth of a meter) in width. Some features in a computer chip are less than 1/10 of a micrometer or about 1/1000th the width of your hair. A nanometer is 10-9 (a billionth of a meter. See size scale above.)

● Engage the students to make predictions of what the size of some objects might be when measured in nanometers

3. Nanotechnology is the manipulation of matter at a scale of 1 to 100 nanometers.The challenge is to move molecules and arrange them precisely. Ask the students to imagine how they might arrange molecules in a highly precise manner.

There are basically three different means to manipulate matter at a scale of 1 to 100 nanometers.

●

Pick them up and move them●





Pattern them (lithography)●

Use self-assembly

A. Pick them up and move them

Strange but true, you can pick molecules up and move them. The ‘tool’ used to move them is an atomic force microscope (AFM). It is a microscope in that it can ‘see’ by measuring the attractive forces between a sample and a very sharp tip. As the tip moves along the surface it ‘sees’ by measuring the attraction or repulsion between the tip and the surface. The tip is mounted on a cantilever (like a diving board) and the movement of the cantilever is measured by bouncing a laser beam off the surface of the cantilever. An AFM can measure differences as small as 1/10 of a nanometer.

Figure 2. AFM Tip, Source: www.nanoscience.com

The tip of an AFM can also be used to move a molecule if you can figure out how to ‘pick up’ and then release the molecule. This is one of the more famous ‘real’ images of nanotechnology. In the mid-1980’s, IBM spelled their logo using thirteen xenon atoms. Each atom was picked up using an AFM tip and moved into place. While the picture suggests a very nice stable arrangement the atoms were in fact continuously moving and the ‘letters’ were short lived.

Figure 3. IBM logo spelled out with xenon atoms, Source: www-306.ibm.com/chips/periodic/xe-a.html


http://www.nanoscience.com/

http://www-306.ibm.com/chips/periodic/xe-a.html

http://www-306.ibm.com/chips/periodic/xe-a.html


B. Lithography

All nanometer sized electronic components are made using a process called lithography. Alois Senefelder of Munich discovered the basic principle of lithography, “printing on stone”, around 1798. It is based upon the notion that oil and water do not mix. So patterns can be made on a surface by drawing with an oily substance (like a crayon), and only where the oily substance is not present will a water-based ink adhere. You can also cover the entire surface scribbling with a crayon and then scratch away to ‘draw’ your pattern. Craft people call this type of material scratch boards. The key in nanotechnology is to ‘draw’ with very fine resolution.

1. Ask if any students have a mechanical pencil or a pen that has a specified line width. The finest mechanical pencils draw a line that is 0.5 millimeters. That is 500 microns or about 1,000 times wider than the wires inside of a computer chip.

Photolithography involves using energy (e.g., light or electrons) to change the solubility of a material. Photolithography literally means light-stone-writing in Greek. An image can be produced on a surface by drawing with light or electrons much the same way that you might scratch away the crayon on a scratch board.

2. Ask the students to think of some process that involves light and causes a chemical change.

Two processes that come to mind are sun tanning and photography. Both involve a chemical that is changed by exposure to light.

3. Ask students to think about how both sun tanning and photography work and discuss the differences.

Both involve a chemical change that is triggered by light. With sun tanning, the light is mostly ultraviolet and the reaction involves cells that are stimulated by sun light producing a pigment. The pigment, melanin, is produced to protect cells against damage due to sunlight. In photography, tiny silver crystals in the film are reactive to different wavelengths of visible light and produce the variety of colors.



Back to nanotechnology and photolithography. In nanotechnology we use photolithography to transfer a pattern from a ‘mask’ to a surface. We apply a special chemical called ‘photoresist’, which is sensitive to light, onto the surface that we want to pattern. The mask is a stencil which allows the light energy to pass through only certain regions. So a pattern on a mask can be transferred to a surface by passing light or electrons through the mask. When the light or the electrons reach the photoresist on the surface, the solubility of the photoresist changes making it easier or harder to wash away. What is left after washing is the three-dimensional pattern that was originally on the mask. It is transferred to the photoresist.

Figure 4. Mask used to transfer a pattern onto a surface, www.nbtc.cornell.edu

The limitation in resolution is how small a beam of light or electrons can be produced.

4. Ask the students how they might make an object smaller. If they seem puzzled ask them how they would shrink an image.

The answer is using a series of lenses. If you have a simple convex lens, hold it up and project the image of a light from the ceiling on to a piece of paper (fluorescent lights work fine). The image of the light will shrink. If you put a lens between the mask and the surface, the image that passes through the lens is shrunken when projected on the surface.

Figure 5. Lenses and light used to shrink images, foodmicro.foodsci.cornell.edu/fmlab/personnel/cady.htm






Scientists use photolithography to make computer chips and other devices that have very small features, as small as 100 nanometers.

Figure 6. Surface that is patterned using photolithography, www.nbtc.cornell.edu




C. Self-assembly

1. Ask students to think of an example where molecules arrange themselves into a pattern.

●

Snow flakes●

Salt crystals●

Soap bubbles

Molecules self-assemble when the forces between these molecules are sufficient to overcome entropy. Entropy is what drives molecules to a low energy state. Snowflakes form in patterns because of the nanoscale arrangement of the water molecules. Snowflakes form around nanoscale particles of dirt that nucleate ice crystals. As the temperature approaches the freezing point of water, the hydrogen bonds between water molecules arrange the water into a crystal pattern that grows.

Salt will assemble to form crystals. Salt crystals form as the salt molecules arrange themselves while the water evaporates. The bonds between the salt molecules are strong enough to squeeze out the water and arrange themselves to form a crystal. The different geometries of the salt molecules affect the shape of the salt crystals, so the nanoscale geometry affects the macroscale appearance of the crystal.

Soap bubbles self-assemble. The soap molecules form two layers that sandwich a layer of water in between. This is because the soap molecules have one end that likes water and one that does not. So the end that does not like water is on the outside and the other end that likes the water is on the inside. The soap forms a monolayer on the inside and a monolayer on the outside of the water. Each layer of soap is a self-assembled monolayer, a single layer of molecules oriented in one direction. It is also flexible, which results in changes in the appearance (e.g., color, reflectivity) of the soap bubble.

2. Have students blow a soap bubble and observe it.

The students should see a few things. One thing to observe is the color, which appears almost like a rainbow. Why do the colors look like a rainbow? White light is composed of all the visible colors. The light passing through the bubble creates a phenomenon called interference. The colors in a bubble appear because light is



reflected from both the inside and the outside of the bubble at the same time. The bubble is so thin that the light reflected from the outside is either enhanced or canceled out by the light reflected from the inside. When the two sets of reflected waves are combined, they can remove or reinforce various wavelengths of light thus enhancing some colors and suppressing others.

All of this happens because the distance between the outer and inner layer of the bubble is approximately 150 nanometers, about 1/1,000 the width of a hair.

Figure 7. Soap bubble schematic, home.earthlink.net/~marutgers/science/soapbasics/gifs/bubble.gif

Procedures Continued

4. Check for learning:

Have students repeat the “How small am I?” game. Discuss as a group the scale at which the bubble molecules interacted with the water molecules. The interactions within the bubble occur at a scale that is smaller than the wavelength of light. Scientists can make tiny structures such as the wires in a computer chip that are smaller than the wavelength of light.

Extension activities:

●

Sunprint paper and photolithography (www.nbtc.cornell.edu/mainstreetscience/lessons.html)●

Nanosmores and photolithography (www.nbtc.cornell.edu/mainstreetscience/lessons.html)

Correlation to National Science Education Standards: http://www.nap.edu/readingroom/books/nses/6e.html


http://home.earthlink.net/~marutgers/science/soapbasics/gifs/bubble.gif

http://www.nbtc.cornell.edu/mainstreetscience/lessons.html

http://www.nbtc.cornell.edu/mainstreetscience/lessons.html

http://www.nap.edu/readingroom/books/nses/6e.html

http://www.nap.edu/readingroom/books/nses/6e.html


This activity meets Physical Science Content Standard B: As a result of their activities in grades 9-12, all students should develop an understanding of:

●

Structure of atoms●

Structure and properties of matter●

Chemical reactions●

Motions and forces●

Conservation of energy and increase in disorder●

Interactions of energy and matter

Author Anna Waldron is the Director of Education for the Nanobiotechnology Center (www.nbtc.cornell.edu) at Cornell University, a National Science Foundation supported Science and Technology Center. Carl Batt is Co-Director of the Nanobiotechnology Center and the Liberty Hyde Bailey Professor of Food Science at Cornell University. This education team has been creating nanotechnology activities for Pre-K-12 for the past four years and led the effort to create “It’s a Nano World,” a large-scale traveling exhibition about nanobiotechnology (www.itsananoworld.org).




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Microsoft to Pay $75 Billion to ShareholdersSoftware giant Microsoft announced late Tuesday it would return up to $75 billion to its shareholders in what may be the largest cash disbursement in corporate history.

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The 9/11 commission released its final report Thursday describing 10 "missed opportunities" to stop the Sept. 11 hijackers and the need for a national intelligence director.

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President Bush signed legislation Wednesday designed to help protect the United States against biological and chemical attacks by encouraging development of drugs and vaccines.

VP Candidates Trade Barbs on TrailVice President Dick Cheney and North Carolina Democratic Sen. John Edwards have hit the campaign trail in crucial swing states in an effort to attract voters to their respective tickets.

Niger-Iraq Connection Still Disputed A Senate committee has questioned the findings of former Ambassador Joseph Wilson, who claimed that false information led the president to assert Iraq had sought uranium from Niger.

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News Summary RealAudio version of The NewsHour with Jim Lehrer's daily news summary.

Investors' BonanzaMicrosoft announced yesterday a combination of dividends and stock buybacks which will return $75 billion to its shareholders. Jeffrey Brown discusses the largest cash disbursement in corporate history with Esther Dyson, editor-at-large of CNET, and Tom Taulli of Current Offerings, a technology and corporate finance research firm.

Filling the RanksThe U.S. Army ordered 5,600 troops from its Individual Ready Reserve to report to duty in Iraq next month. Betty Ann Bowser speaks with the Army's director of personnel and some soldiers who have been recently called up about allegations of a staff shortage in the U.S. Army.

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Leadership Challenge The Palestinian Legislature called for President Yasser Arafat to accept the resignation of his prime minister. Margaret Warner discusses the recent turmoil in the Palestinian territories and its expected impact on governmental reforms with Martin Indyk, former assistant secretary of State for Near East Affairs, and Khalil Jahshan, former president of the National Association of Arab-Americans.

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Crisis in Sudan The deadly conflict in the Darfur region of Sudan is causing many health and humanitarian concerns. Gwen Ifill speaks with Nicolas de Torrente, executive director of Doctors Without Borders, and Jennifer Leaning, professor of international health at Harvard and board member of Physicians for Human Rights, about the conditions in Sudan.

Running MatesKwame Holman reports on President Bush's running mate Vice President Dick Cheney and Massachusetts Democratic Sen. John Kerry's running mate Sen. John Edwards, D-N.C. Two New York Times reporters, Rick Lyman and Dick Stevenson, discuss the running mates.

False Claims? The Senate Intelligence Committee report has left open the question of whether Iraq tried to obtain uranium from Niger. Margaret Warner discusses Iraq's alleged desire for "yellowcake" uranium with former Ambassador Joseph Wilson and Sen. Christopher Bond, R-Mo.

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Struggle for Stability A fuel truck loaded with explosives blew up near a police station in southwest Baghdad early Monday, killing at least nine people and injuring more than 62 others, according to the Iraqi Health Ministry. Gwen Ifill speaks to New York Times reporter Somini Sengupta in Iraq about the latest violence.

Global FightJeffrey Brown discusses efforts to combat AIDS with three experts who attended the International AIDS conference in Bangkok, Thailand: Dr. Anthony Fauci, director of the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases; Stephen Lewis, U.N. special envoy for HIV/AIDS in Africa; and Dr. Helene Gayle of the Gates Foundation.

Underfunded Schools Decreased funding has caused many public schools across the nation to struggle to stay afloat. Spencer Michels reports on the detrimental effect budget cutbacks have on schools located in lower income areas in California.

Campaign Adwatch Viewers living in the so-called swing states of the presidential election have been inundated with more than 100 campaign ads since March -- much more than in other parts of the United States, according to a new study. Terence Smith speaks with Ken Goldstein, director of the University of Wisconsin Advertising Project and political science professor at the University of Wisconsin, about the data and the Kerry and Bush campaigns' media strategies.

Essay: American FamilyNewsHour essayist Richard Rodriguez offers some thoughts about gay marriage.


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Climate Change Climate change is one of the most persistent and complicated environmental issues. Three experts answer your questions about the impacts of climate change and how much control humans have over them. (May 2004)

International

Remembering the Past -- April 2004Two people who have survived periods of horrific genocide have teamed up to tell people about their experiences in the Holocaust and Rwanda's civil war. David Gewirtzman and Jacqueline Murekatete answer your questions.

Entertainment, Religion

'The Passion of the Christ' -- February 2004Mel Gibson's controversial movie, "The Passion of the Christ," opened Ash Wednesday to mixed reviews. Two theology professors answer your questions on the religious and philosophical questions surrounding the film.

Science

De-'Bugging' Computers -- December 2003The Internet has facilitated global communication like never before but also created the need to secure computer networks from viruses and worms. Two security experts on the front line of the battle against these computer "bugs" answer your questions.

Entertainment

Musician Randy Newman -- November 2003Award-winning musician, songwriter and composer Randy Newman has released a retrospective look at his career, "The Randy Newman Songbook." The artist answers your questions about composing for movies, his latest album and his life of music.

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Science

Tracking Hurricanes -- October 2003In recent years, scientists have made leaps and bounds in improving our ability to predict and track hurricanes. Scientists Naomi Surgi of the National Hurricane Center and William Gray of Colorado State University's Tropical Meteorology Project answer your questions about the latest developments in predicting and tracking the devastating storms.

Entertainment

Pulitzer Prize Winner Nilo Cruz -- July 2003Nilo Cruz, winner of the 2003 Pulitzer Prize for Drama, takes your questions on his plays, playwriting and how winning the coveted prize may affect his life and work.

Law

Copyright Conundrum -- June 2003Is downloading copyrighted music tantamount to stealing? Lawrence Lessig, an expert on Internet law from Stanford University's Law School, and Matt Oppenheim, senior vice president of business and legal affairs for the Recording Industry Association of America, answer your questions about this debate.

Law

Supreme Court Watch -- June 2003As its official term came to a close in late June, the Supreme Court issued a number of landmark rulings that made headlines around the world on issues including affirmative action and privacy rights. NewsHour regular Jan Crawford Greenburg and Stephen Wermiel of American University's law school answered your questions about the court and the impact of its latest term.

Europe

Conflict in Chechnya -- March 2003The struggle for independence in Chechnya has claimed thousands of lives and stunted economic growth in the small republic. Who are the Chechen separatists and what are their goals? Thomas de Waal, a journalist who has written extensively on Russia and Chechnya, takes your questions on the conflict.

Media

Diana Walker: Twenty Years of Photographing the Presidency -- November/December 2002Time magazine photojournalist Diana Walker talks about her favorite memories and photographs of her twenty years covering the White House.

Health

The Smallpox Vaccine -- November 2002Is smallpox vaccination an appropriate response to the threat of bioterror? Experts from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention answer your questions.

Entertainment

The Art of Shakespearean Acting -- October 2002The Shakespeare Theatre's Artistic Director, Michael Kahn, answers your questions on the Academy for Classical Acting and the art of classical acting.


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Media

The Rise of Ethnic Media -- October/November 2002How will the growth of minority communities affect the way media outlets operate? And, how will non-English and niche media influence mainstream media?

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Online NewsHour: Shields & Brooks

NewsHour Bios:Mark Shields and David Brooks

Gay Marriage Amendment, Prewar Intelligence-- July 16, 2004RealAudio: Mark Shields and William Safire discuss the failure of the Federal Marriage Amendment to the Constitution in the Senate, the fallout from British and American inquiries about prewar intelligence errors and other issues in the 2004 presidential campaign.

Senate Committee Report, Homeland Security Warnings, Kerry's Choice-- July 9, 2004Real Audio: Mark Shields and David Brooks discuss Friday's Senate Intelligence Committee report, the new Homeland Security Department warnings and Massachusetts Democratic Sen. John Kerry's selection of his vice presidential running mate.

Kerry's Choice of John Edwards-- July 6, 2004Real Audio: Mark Shields and David Brooks discuss John Kerry's choice of John Edwards as his running mate.

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Justice Department Memos, Poll Numbers-- June 25, 2004Real Audio: Mark Shields and David Brooks discuss the recent release of Justice Department memos, new poll numbers about Americans' opinions of the war in Iraq and recent developments in the presidential race and John Kerry's vice presidential selection process.

Past Political Wrap Segments




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The Online NewsHour: Essays & Dialogues

Conversation: 'The Presumed Alliance'Ray Suarez speaks with attorney Nicolas Vaca about his new book, "The Presumed Alliance: The Unspoken Conflict Between Latinos and Blacks and What It Means for America." The book examines the economic, social and political realities that sometimes unite, but often divide, the country's two largest minority communities. (05/24/04)

Conversation: The Dew BreakerNovelist Edwidge Danticat wrote "The Dew Breaker" about the intersection between Haiti's past and Haitian Americans' present-day experience. Jeffrey Brown speaks with Danticat about her tale of a torturer who now lives in New York among some of his victims. (05/05/04)

Conversation: The Big YearBird watching, perceived

Welcome to the NewsHour's Essays and Dialogues page. In Essays, NewsHour contributors share their stories and thoughts on various issues. In Dialogues, NewsHour correspondents talk with authors about their recently published works.

American FamilyEssayist Richard Rodriguez offers some thoughts about gay marriage.

HatingEssayist Clarence Page argues the mere act of judgment is regarded as hatred in modern-day street lingo. Page then asks, if anyone who offers a critique of another now can be called full-blown hater, is there any language left to identify the true bigots?

Secular Nation Essayist Richard Rodriguez argues that some American politicians and religious leaders have successfully shortened the separation between the political assembly and the pulpit and allowed America to see itself as the Judeo-Christian nation against which Osama bin Laden said he is fighting a religious war.

Overexposed Essayist Roger Rosenblatt reflects on the release of photographs of inmate abuse at the Abu Ghraib prison in Baghdad and says that seeing is not always

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by many as a gentle hobby, is actually a competitive sport for some who seek to see as many different species of birds in a single year as possible. Margaret Warner speaks with journalist Mark Obmascik about the obsession at the center of his recent book, "The Big Year: A Tale of Man, Nature and Fowl Obsession." (04/12/04)

Conversation: The Working PoorPulitzer Prize-winning journalist David Shipler observed some impoverished working Americans and their families for years to research his new book, "The Working Poor." Ray Suarez speaks with Shipler about his book and the interlocking problems that challenge the climb out of poverty. (04/01/04)

Conversation: The Tale of DespereauxKate DiCamillo's novel "The Tale of Despereaux" won the 2004 Newberry Medal, an award given for children's literature. Jeffrey Brown speaks with DiCamillo about her award-winning novel. (03/30/04)

Conversation: Breathing SpaceRay Suarez speaks with Heidi Neumark about her book, "Breathing Space: A Spiritual Journey in the South Bronx." Neumark is the pastor of the

the only element in believing.

Time for HeroesAs Father's Day approaches, essayist Anne Taylor Fleming says modern male heroes are not only the ones who fulfill the traditional stereotype of muscled masculinity.

Moment of SilenceEssayist Anne Taylor Fleming reflects on celebrating Memorial Day in a time of war.

After All These YearsEssayist Anne Taylor Fleming reflects on how she and other women of the baby-boomer generation are learning from their parents about how to approach a less lonesome model for facing age in their senior years.

Alone on StageEssayist Roger Rosenblatt remembers monologist Spalding Gray, who pioneered the one-man act, but who -- even while exposing himself to others -- remained alone on stage.

With All Deliberate Speed Essayist Clarence Page reflects on the 50th anniversary of the Supreme Court's Brown v. Board of Education decision on desegregation, but he insists modern-day African-Americans have only as much integration as they can afford.

Mind Over MatterEssayist Roger Rosenblatt explains that the disabled are often viewed as the "other," but in the modern era of war and terrorism, one's life can be easily transformed to become one of them.

Connecting the DotsEssayist Clarence Page of the Chicago Tribune looks for some dots to connect.

Military FamiliesGuest essayist Frank Schaeffer, whose latest book is " Faith of Our Sons: A Father's Wartime Diary" offers some thoughts about those who send troops to war.

Matters of FactEssayist Roger Rosenblatt considers truth and movie-making.

Celebrating WritersEssayist Roger Rosenblatt celebrates the spring, when the Pulitzer Prizes and Poets & Writers magazine praise the craft of writers. Rosenblatt says this recognition comes as a welcome relief in a world where "the people, practices and institutions that conspire against the writing life are so plentiful."


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Transfiguration Lutheran Church in the South Bronx, where the congregation is a mixture of Hispanics and African Americans in one of the poorest communities in the city. (02/18/04)

Conversation With Mordicai GersteinJeffrey Brown speaks with longtime writer and illustrator of children's books, Mordicai Gerstein, who won the 2004 Caldecott Medal for "The Man Who Walked Between the Towers," a book about the French aerialist Philippe Petit, who strode a tightrope between the World Trade Center towers in 1974. (02/16/04)

The Rose Man of Sing SingHistorian and author James McGrath Morris chronicles the life and times of early 20th century newspaper editor Charles Chapin, a founding father of the 24-hour news cycle, in his new book, "The Rose Man of Sing Sing." Terence Smith speaks with Morris about Chapin's successes and failures, and his influence on early and modern journalism. (02/04/04)

Having It AllEssayist Roger Rosenblatt explains that nothing succeeds like excess when it comes to satisfying the appetites of television viewers for reality programs like Donald Trump's "The Apprentice."

Imagine ThatNewsHour essayist Roger Rosenblatt wonders what to make of Mars.

Hard to ChangeEssayist Roger Mudd proposes a new constitutional amendment.

American FamilyNewsHour essayist Richard Rodriguez offers some thoughts about gay marriage.

Hollywood ForeverAs Americans prepare for the Oscars on Sunday, essayist Richard Rodriguez shares his thoughts about life, death, memory and Hollywood.

New BattlegroundEssayist Anne Taylor Fleming considers the grocery workers strike in Southern California.

Fab Four + 40 Essayist Clarence Page of the Chicago Tribune looks back at the English invasion of the Beatles, 40 years after the Fab Four came to America.


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