Home Automation System

Home Automation System Dept. of ECE

Home Automation System 1Sadatulla Zishan, 2Saifullah Khan M, 3Shaik Nayemurrahman, 4MD Shahid Raza.

Students of Bachelor of Engineering,

Dept. Electronics & Communication Engineering, City Engineering College,

Doddakallasandra, Bangalore South-78, India.

----------------------------ABSTRACT----------------------------

This paper presents the overall design of Home Automation System (HAS) with low cost and wireless remote control. This system is designed to assist and provide support in order to fulfill the needs of elderly and disabled in home. Also, the smart home concept in the system improves the standard living at home. The main control system implements wireless Bluetooth technology to provide remote access from PC/laptop or smart phone. The switches status is synchronized in all the control system whereby every user interface indicates the real time existing switches status. The system intended to control electrical appliances and devices in house with relatively low cost design, user-friendly interface and ease of installation.

Keywords--Home automation, Smart home, home appliances, Bluetooth, Android.

I-Introduction

The “Home Automation” concept has existed for many years. The terms “Smart Home”, “Intelligent Home” followed and has been used to introduce the concept of networking appliances and devices in the house. Home automation Systems (HASs) represents a great research opportunity in creating new fields in engineering, architecture and computing. HASs becoming popular nowadays and enter quickly in this emerging market. However, end users, especially the disabled and elderly due to their complexity and cost, do not always accept these systems.

Bluetooth is being chosen with its suitable capability. Bluetooth with globally available frequencies of 2400Hz is able to provide connectivity up to 100 meters at speed of up to 3Mbps depending on the Bluetooth device class. The capabilities of Bluetooth are more than enough to be implemented in the design.

Also, most of the current laptop/notebook or Android phones are come with built-in Bluetooth adapter. It will indirectly reduce the cost of this system. Based on the study of HAS project is done by implementing Microcontroller in wireless HAS. The simplex connection between control board and controller limited that only one type of input (ASCII characters) to the system. The system mentioned as low cost but the cost of microcontroller is not considered.

Bluetooth based HAS design architecture proposed a Bluetooth based HAS that controls home appliances by a PC/Laptops or Android phones, but PC does not provide portable remote function. The project stated as low cost HAS system but the cost of Bluetooth module and Microcontroller IC is not the best cost efficient solution. Moreover, the android phone control is implemented by Android application.

The Bluetooth connection in this system is established by Bluetooth module that directly receives/ transmits commands from/too smart phone or laptop/PC. For the Window OS on laptop/PC and Android OS on Smart Phone are chosen based on the high user distribution in current market. By

City Engineering College


considering the flexibility, the main control board is designed with wireless connection. For the wireless connection, the main control board can be connected to either one of the laptop/PC or Smart Phone. In term of cost, this system implemented low cost microcontroller and Bluetooth module as the system main core. The total cost of one unit of this system hardware is estimated less than 3000/-rs (IND). With this low budget, this system is still performed with powerful remote functions to make our life in home become easier.

II-System WorkingFig1. Illustrates the overall control function

of the system. The system is directly installed beside the conventional electrical switches on the wall. Here, the serial data transfer capability of Bluetooth technology is exploited to control devices either using your android phone or Bluetooth enabled laptop/PC. The target home appliances are controlled by the system Main Control Board. In order improve the standard living in home, this system provides two different types The first and second control methods are performed as wireless remote control to the appliances. The first control method is by clicking on Windows BIRD (Bluetooth interface relay device) software on PC/laptop by using mouse or touch pad. This method provides facility to the computer user to control the home appliances without walk to the switches on the wall. Second control method is done by Android App (BLUE TERM) installed in Smart Phone. The user can easily touch on the screen of the phone to control the home appliances. This portable method is able to assist the disabled people who have problem with locomotion difficulty



Fig1. Block diagram of HAS

III-System Design

Fig2. System Block Diagram

Fig2. Shows the hardware block diagram of HAS. The circuit is built around Microcontroller P89V51RD2, relay driver ULN2803, Bluetooth module HC-05, Voltage regulators (7812, 7805, LM317), and other components.

Microcontroller: The P89V51RD2 is an 8-bit 80C51 microcontroller with 64Kb flash and 1024 bytes of data RAM. It has three 16-bit timers/counters, 8 interrupt sources with 4 priority levels, serial peripheral interface (SPI) and enhanced UART, programmable counter array with PWM and Capture/compare function, and four 8-bit input/output (I/O) ports. It also has an on-chip oscillator and clock circuitry, which is operated at 40 MHz crystal frequency. It supports 12 clocks per machine cycle (default) and 6 clocks per machine cycle modes which can be selected via software. The flash program memory supports both parallel programming and serial programming.

The microcontroller communicates with Bluetooth module through its TXD and RXD pins.

The serial control command send through the laptop or android phone is received by Bluetooth module and processed by microcontroller IC.

Bluetooth Module: A 34-pin, HC-05 Bluetooth module is used in this project. It is an easy to use Bluetooth serial port protocol (SPP) module, designed for a transparent wireless serial communication setup.

Fig3.Bluetooth Module

Relay driver: The ULN2803 is a monolithic, high voltage and high current Darlington transistor array. It consists of 8 NPN Darlington pairs that have high voltage outputs with a common cathode clamp diode for switching inductive loads. The microcontroller drives the relays through ULN2803.

IV-Software Design

The software program for the microcontroller is written in ‘C’ language and complied using keil software to generate the hex code. The microcontroller receives the control commands as ASCII value sent from laptop/PC or Android mobiles, and controls the corresponding devices as per shown in fig4.

ASCII Values and Corresponding Actions

Character P89V51RD2 port

Relay number Action

A to H(Upper

Port0 1 to 8(individual)

ON



case)a to h(lower case)


OFF

I to P(upper case)


ON

i to p(lower case)


OFF

Q to X(upper case)


ON

q to x(lower case


OFF

Symbol’(‘ Port0 All 8 relays(1 to 8-simultaneously)

ON

Symbol’)‘ Port0 All 8 relays(1 to 8-simultaneously)

OFF

Symbol’<‘ Port1 All 8 relays(9 to 16-simultaneously)

ON

Symbol’>‘ Port1 All 8 relays(9 to 16-simultaneously)

OFF

Symbol’[‘ Port2 All 8 relays(17 to 24-simultaneously)

ON

Symbol’]‘ Port2 All 8 relays(17 to 24-simultaneously)

OFF

Fig4. Table 1

The flow chart shown in fig5. Is Software design section includes the main functions of the system designed in the PIC microcontroller. The Activation function is performed by the microcontroller, PIC. The ASCII character are programed such that, if specific character assigned to the appliances are given the appliances get ON (logic1) and when small characters are given then the appliances get OFF (logic 0).When the specified character are given (Capital/Small), it will interrupt the main function loop of the PIC. Then, the PIC will activate the relay and toggle the current appliance’s switch status. At the moment, PIC also informs the change of switch status to all the Users through LED connected at the relay that is connected to the main board.

.

Fig5. Flowchart of software design

BLUE TERM: Blue term is an android application that is a VT-100 terminal emulator for communicating with any serial devices using a Bluetooth serial adaptor. One can download it from ‘Android apps on Google Play’.

Install the application on your android phone and follow these steps:

1. Start the Bluetooth connection of your mobile phone or tablet.

2. Open the blue term application on your mobile or tablet.

3. Select connect device from the option menu after scanning from new devices. As shown in fig6.


Set Timer 1, mode a by giving value 20H to TCON. Baud rate is set at TH1 with value of 9600. SCON is set with

value 50H. Start timer 1

Clear all the ports

Assign ASCII values to port0, port1, port2 for ON and OFF conditions

Specific character is given

Initialization of all the ports and set all to high initially

RI=0 for enabling to receive pin. Assign Serial Buffer.

Ports pin set high when Capital characters are given

Relay circuit gets powered and applications works

Ports pins are set to low when small ASCII character is given

Relay circuit does not gets powered and no applications works

START

END

END


4. Bluetooth serial module (HC-05) will be available under the select a device to connect list.

5. pair Bluetooth serial module by providing pair code [1234].

6. Start sending ASCII characters as shown in TABLE1 of fig4. You will see different relays going ON and OFF corresponding to the values u send.

Fig6.Selection of Bluetooth module

V-Conclusion

In conclusion, this low cost system is designed to improve the standard living in home. The remote control function by smart phone provides help and assistance especially to disabled and elderly.

Moreover, implementation of wireless Bluetooth connection in control board allows the system install in more simple way. The control board is directly installed beside the electrical switches whereby the switching connection is controlled by relay.

The system is designed in user-friendly interface. The easy to use interface on Windows Software (BIRD) and Android Application (Blue term) provides simple control by the elderly and

disabled people. For future work, Upgrading ‘HAS’ to ‘IOT’ (Internet of thing) which will help in controlling the devices over through Wi-Fi (INTERNET).

By monitoring the home appliances over Internet can reduce the wastage of power. All the future work is expected with minimum cost. HAS can also be implemented in hazardous environment where switching of devices physically is very dangerous.

VI-AcknowledgementFirst of all, the special appreciation and

thanks go to Visvesvaraya Technological University for providing the invaluable knowledge and the necessary guidance as well as encouragement in completing this paper. The supervision and support are truly help the progression and smoothness of this project. Moreover, the great deals appreciated go to the contribution from every team members for the valuable shares, opinions and resources provided in completing the report. The co-operation is much indeed appreciated.

VII-References1. “Design and Implementation of a Bluetooth

based General Purpose Controlling Module”, in IEEE, 2008, pp. 206-211

2. Hiroshi Kanma, Noboru Wakabayashi, Ritsuko Kanazawa & Hirimichi Ito, “Home Appliance Control System over Bluetooth with a Cellular.


Home Automation System

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