10 - ten � UNIT 1

Picture Picture Picture■ a yacht, a sailing ship: un voilier ■ change: de la monnaie ■ go on a trip, a journey: partir en voyage

■ a crossing: une traversée ■ a currency: une devise ■ luggage: des bagages

■ a harbour: un port ■ a foreigner: un étranger ■ check in: enregistrer

■ aboard: à bord ■ abroad: à l’étranger ■ fly, flew, flown: voyager en avion

■ a stopover: une escale ■ a border: une frontière ■ a flight: un vol

■ passport, visa: • /�pɑ�spɔ�t/ ■ take off (took off, taken off ): décoller (≠ land)• /�vi�zə/ • ■ a delay: un retard

Holidays, travel and adventure…Holidays, travel and adventure…

1 2 3

1

1UNIT

� UNIT 1 eleven - 11

……

Parler du présent et du passé

Faire des bilans au présentde ce que l’on a fait

From Empire… to Commonwealth

2

3

1 Use the words to talk about the pictures. �WB, p. 6.

2 Which are nouns? Which are verbs? Which can be both? �WB, p. 6.

3 Read these words aloud. • /�ɒt/ • /�fɒrənə/ • /�k�ɾənsi/ • /�hɑ�bə/ • /ə�brɔ�d/

4 Dictation �WB, p. 7.

5 Sailing or flying? Which do you prefer?

Lesson 11UNIT PRÉSENT ET •

PRÉTÉRIT

12 - twelve � UNIT 1

Words

Present day adventurers■ Around Alone

Frequency: every fouryearsStart: New York/15SeptemberFinishing line: 6 monthslater, Newport, RhodeIslandStopovers: 5Crew: single-handed

■ Clipper

Frequency: ...... Start: ...... Finishing line: ..... Stopovers: .....Crew: .....

40°

20°

0°

20°

40°

60°

90°

60°

90° 150° 120° 90° 60° 30° 0° 30° 60° 90° 120° 150° 180° 90°

40°

60°

20°

0

20°

40°

60°

90°120°150° 180°

0°60°90° 30° 30° 120°90°60°150°

4000 kilometers

2500 miles

Tropic of Capricorn

Equator

Tropic of Cancer

Guadeloupe

Cape ofGoodHope

CapeHorn

PACIFICOCEAN

PACIFICOCEAN

INDIANOCEAN

CORALSEA

NORTHATLANTIC

OCEAN

SOUTHATLANTIC

OCEAN

New York

Liverpool

How often? How long? How many?

Get information about two great races around the world.

Classwork1 Look at the map: what countries or places do the green

squares correspond to? �WB, p. 8.

2 Describe the route of the Around Alone race using:

■ start from ■ run from…to… ■ sail across ■ finish at…

3 Read the information about the Around Alone race and findthe questions corresponding to the words in blue.

4 Answer the questions using the information. It takes place every four years.

Teamwork

5 Team A. Ask questions about the Clipper race.�WB, p. 8.

Then draw the route on your map, and fill in the missing information. Team B. Answer team A's questions using information fromthe map and the frame. � Go to p. 186.

Talking

Information■Brazil • /brə zl/■Japan • /d�ə p�n/

Two races: the “Around Alone” and the “Clipper”

Grammar point

• Présent et prétéritIn what countries do the Inuit live? In what country did Livingstone die?

� Précis, p. 162. � Exercices, p. 20.

in use

■ a race: une course

■ call at: faire escale à

■ a crew: un équipage

■ challenge: disputer la première place

■ win ≠ lose: gagner ≠ perdre

■ the cup holder: le détenteur du titre

Complete the definitions.

1. The … is the person who challenges the …

2. The opposite of winner is…3. A stopover is a place where…

� UNIT 1 thirteen - 13

Notepad

“Dr Livingstone, I presume?”H. Stanley on the left,

Dr Livingstone on the right

Who was Livingstone?

1 Say all you can about Livingstone, using the information above.

The story of Livingstone’s life

2 Before listening: work with a friend. Ask the necessary questions to get the missing information,then check if your questions are correct with him/her. Use:■ who ■ what ■ where ■ when ■ how long■ what …for ■ why ■ how old �WB, p. 9.

3 Listen and complete the missing information aboutLivingstone. �WB, p. 9.

Mini-biography

4 Write a short biography of Livingstone. Write five or six shortparagraphs or sentences using:

■ when he was a child… ■ later on… ■ for… ■ during…

■ Dr David Livingstone

Surname: LivingstoneFirst name: .....Date of birth: 19 March 1813Place of birth: ScotlandFamily background: .....Calling (vocation): wanted to be amissionary.

First journey to Africa: 1841-18…Discovery of Victoria Falls: 18…Last journey: 1869-18…wanted tolocate the source of the Nile. • /nal/Difficulties encountered: …Henry Stanley: American journalist,left for Africa, 1871.Died in: 18…Famous for: …

Talking

Listening

Writing

« Pendant »

for thirty years pendant trente ans

during the journey pendant le (au cours du) voyage

for répond à la question How long?during répond à la question When?

Livingstone lived for thirty years inAfrica. He discovered Victoria Falls duringthe Trans-Africa expedition.

� Précis, p. 162.� Exercice, p. 20.

Explorers of the past

Lesson 21UNIT

14 - fourteen � UNIT 1

PRÉSENT ET •

PRÉTÉRIT SO… •

NEITHER…

Do British boys need to learn French?

Starting out

Grammarpoint

• So… neither… Tim speaks Spanish: so do I. Tim doesn’t speak German:neither do I.

� Précis, p. 162.� Exercices, p. 20.

EXAMPLE

So did I, neither did I…

1 Choose three activities that you did during your holidays likeTim, then three activities that you didn’t do.

What Tim did during his holidays What Tim didn't do■ get up late ■ stay at hotels ■ visit his grandparents ■ go hitch-hiking■ go abroad ■ go to summer camps■ play football ■ go to restaurants■ hang around with friends ■ sleep outside

2 Check you understand how this expression works.

Tim got up late during his holidays, and so did I. He didn’t stay at a hotel. Neither did I.

�WB, p. 10.

3 Listen and react as in the example above.

Words in use

■ I enjoyed myself = I had agreat time!

■ Stop moaning! /məun/ = Stopcomplaining without any reason.

■ It isn’t the end of the world = It isn’t really the worst thatcould happen.

Translate into English. a. Vous vous êtes bien amusés

pendant les vacances ?

b. Oui, Monsieur, c’était super !

c. Alors, vous êtes contents ; donc,arrêtez de râler pour rien, Jason.

d. Mais, Monsieur, neuf mois à bosser…

e. Et alors, il y a pire !!!

In the heart of the Dordogne

Traditionnal stone farmhouse4 bdrmswell-equipped kitchenbeautiful views

Surf on soundsSounds

firm /��/ • form /ɔ�/ • farm /ɑ�/1. Listen and spot the difference, thenrepeat. �WB, p. 11.

Stress and rhythm

• across • alone • around • away

2. Listen and put the stress on the words.What do you notice about the stress? Find out the reason. �WB, p. 11.

Couldn’t or could? Negative or affirmative form?

3. Listen and spot the difference, then repeat. �WB, p. 11.

Stress and meaning

Tim spoke English during his holidays in France.

■ À l’écrit, cette phrase n’a qu’un sens.Tim a parlé anglais pendant ses vacancesen France.

■ À l’oral, on a la possibilité d’accentuerparticulièrement un mot pour le mettreen valeur. On nuance ainsi le sens del’énoncé.

Écoute et compare.

a.Tim spoke English during his holidays inFrance.(C’est Tim qui a parlé anglais ; ce n’est pasBarbara).

b.Tim spoke English during his holidays.(Tim a parlé anglais, pas français).

C

B

A

� UNIT 1 fifteen - 15

Fun corner

Did Tim improve his French?

1 Before listening.

Read the title, look at the documents, thenguess what the dialogue is probably about.

2 Listen and find out who did what.

• nothing • went to France

• spoke French • spoke English

■ Tim ■ Barbara■ Jason ■ Marion

3 Who said what and why? �WB, p. 10.

4 Give your conclusions about Tim's holidaysand complete the three sentences.

a. Tim didn't speak French because…b. Tim didn't speak French, so…c. Tim didn't speak French although…

Help!

Listening

Stop moaning!

You can speak goodFrench.

What a coincidence!

© from the How To Be British Postcards, LGP, Brighton, UK.

Time to talk1UNIT

16 - sixteen � UNIT 1

PRÉSENT ET •

PRÉTÉRIT SO… •

NEITHER…

LE GÉRONDIF •

5

10

15

From reading…

Voluntary work

In May this year I went on my first National TrustHoliday.

There were seven of us in the group including ourgroup leader. Although the group was of mixed ages,everyone soon got to know each other and we got onwell.

The best part of the holiday was the people, thenights at the camp and pub, playing cards or chatting.

I will definitely go on more holidays.

They are cheap, give opportunities to meet newpeople, see new places and try new things.

Half of our group were new to National TrustHolidays and they all enjoyed themselves.

Our activities included beach clearing, path mainte-nance1 and replacing stiles2.

It was hard work but fun. If you think lying on abeach is boring, or you just fancy something diffe-rent, I would recommend a working holiday.

Alison, Norwich

1. path maintenance: entretien des sentiers 2. stile: échalier (sorte d’échelle pour franchir des haies ou des murets)

1 Find three reasons why Alison chose a working holiday.

2 Did she enjoy her holiday? Why? Find at least three reasons.

3 Check that everyone in the class has got correct informationabout Alison’s holiday. Ask questions:

■ where ■ when ■ how long ■ how many ■ why ■ what

4 Complete the summary. �WB, p. 12.

Words in use■ fancy: avoir envie de, aimer

■ enjoy (oneself ): s’amuser

■ get on well (with someone): s’entendre bien avec

■ get to know: apprendre à connaître

Complete the sentences usingthe appropriate verb

1. Do you… adventure?

2. Do you usually… with people?

3. Choose working holidays! You’ll… new people and… yourself!

Surf the web

The National TrustThe National Trust is a charity �Mini-Encyclopaedia, p. 179.

1. What keywords will you enterto find out:

a. the official website address ofthis charity;

b. their email address on theirwebsite;

c. who founded The NationalTrust and when?

2. Continue the webquest.�WB, p. 12.

� UNIT 1 seventeen - 17

…To talking

EXAMPLE

Young peop

le shouldn

't

work for m

oney!

You can meet l

oads of people

when you work in a

pizzeria!

You don’t learn anythingwhen you sell pizzas!

Grammar point

• Le gérondif

Working in a team is good fun!

� Précis, p. 162.� Exercice, p. 20.

HelpfuL tips

Exprimer son point de vue et en débattre

A Choisir son point de vue ■ I don’t want to...../want to.....■ I’m interested in + V.-ing.

B Préparer ses raisons et desexemples (avec un camarade qui par-tage ses opinions).

■ pocket money■ gifts for my friends and family■ proud ■ independent■ boring ■ helpful■ I can’t afford to + V: je n’ai pas

les moyens de…

■ I don’t mind +V-ing.: Cela m’est

égal de…

C Discuter : écouter et prendre encompte le point de vue opposé avantd’apporter ses arguments.

■ I agree with you…■ It’s important to…■ However, I think it’s even more

important to…■ On the other hand…■ OK, I see what you mean

but…■ You are right when you say that

but…■ I’m sorry but I just don’t agree.

For or Against?

1 Compare your ideas with Alison’s.

Alison thinks lying on a beach is boring. So do I. Like Alison, I think lying on a beach is boring. I don’t! Unlike Alison, I think lying on a beach is fun.

■ working outdoors is fun ■ meeting people is fantastic■ doing voluntary work is useful■ working in a team is better than working alone.

2 Some young people get a summer job during their holidaysto earn money. Others prefer to do voluntary work (travail

bénévole). What is your point of view?

Pizza delivery man

�

Earning my own money makes me feel responsible.

Time to read1UNIT PRÉSENT ET •

PRÉTÉRIT SO… •

NEITHER…

LE GÉRONDIF •

PRÉTÉRIT •

PRESENT PERFECT

18 - eighteen � UNIT 1

It was pretty amazing1 for me - theemotion of leaving the dock and seeing allthe people wave me off down the channel.This is it - I’m doing the Vendée Globe.

Fleet approaching Spanish coast.

A sail destroyed. Adventurer justcame over to film and told me that I wasthird. Yippee!

What a day! Non-stop surfing avera-ging2 more than 15 knots. The paella shouldbe rehydrated by now.

I crossed the equator at 01:25 GMT -celebrated with a bottle of champagne.

I climbed up the mast, to check overeverything up there before we plunge intothe Southern Ocean. It’s not easy alone, asthe boat never stays still.

Icebergs - a close call3 for Kingfisher.I awoke with a start from a short nap4. I look-ed out of the window in the cabin and there it was - an iceberg right by the boat. Withinseconds I was on deck, and we passed within15 to 20 metres of the berg. The radar wasalarmed, but this berg was invisible to it.

Kingfisher passes the longitude of Cape

of Good Hope. It’s cold, but I’ve got used to it.

Michel Desjoyeaux and PRB take

the lead. Kingfisher slips to sixth place. Wavescoming from all directions. It’s amazing, we just pick up a wave, accelerate, go fasterand faster and just keep on going.

Damaged, exhausted? New limits. Alost sail, a broken halyard5, four hours at thetop of a mast to fix it. My forearms are shak-ing. Why? Why now? Why do this to me?

Christmas Day! More than 70 diffe-rent people rang me to wish me well during aconference call.

Third-placed Ellen sails into the

immense Pacific. I’ve never seen squalls6 quiteso violent...

Not the best of New Years. This mor-ning I just cried for two hours. I’ve neverdone that in my life before, not like this...

A magical time. Ten icebergs in one day.

Never in my life before have I experiencedsuch beauty and fear at the same time – 10 icebergs so far today. The first was not asurprise, the second neither really – but whenthey all appeared in a line with just a mile bet-ween them I was amazed at their frequency.The seventh being the most enormous of all...

Kingfisher moves into second place.

I’m approaching Cape Horn. Themost incredible adventure of my life.

Ellen closing in on7 PRB.

Back in the Northern Hemisphere -and just 26 miles behind PRB! I definitelyneed to get more sleep.

Kingfisher ranked first! Ellen sailed to

the top of the ranking during the night. I amvery, very tired after climbing the mast...

The long route north. Then disaster

(or something) strikes. Kingfisher is

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

55

60

65

Day 1

Day 3

Day 7/8

Day 10

Day 16

Day 21

Day 30

Day 31

Day 32

Day 46

Day 47

Day 50

Day 54

Day 56

Day 58

Day 66

Day 75

Day 81

Day 82

Day 84/85

A short nap

Ellen’s Vendée Globe logbook

�

� UNIT 1 nineteen - 19

Understanding

Writing

The sequence of events

1 Find the name of Ellen McArthur’s yacht.

2 What is PRB? Who is Mich?

3 Say when the race started and finished stating the dates and days.

4 Draw Ellen’s route on the map. Write theday in the corresponding box on the map.�WB, p. 13.

5 Note Ellen’s successive rankings on the map(when you have the information!).

Ellen’s feelings

6 Name three pleasant events and three majordifficulties.

7 Choose examples which illustrate the differ-ent feelings she experienced:

■ discouragement ■ physical exhaustion■ pleasure ■ admiration

Build sentences

8 Express Ellen's feelings, using the adjectives:

■ amazing ■ dangerous ■ exhausting■ magical ■ depressing

The most amazing thing that happened to mewas when I saw the icebergs.

9 Write about three different mishaps (mésa-

ventures) that happened during her race.

■ the radar ■ the sail■ the mast… ■ so she nearly…

Build a narrative

10 Write the narrative of Ellen’s race in thethird person.

Choose one of the three episodes.

damaged when she sails into a solid object,

a semi-submerged container.

PRB is now to the west of Madeira,heading towards Cape Finisterre, the finallandmark before the finish at Les Sablesd’Olonne. Annoying to see how far Mich hasgot away...

Radar broken - got to try to save it.

Don’t ask me what I’m doing nextafter this race... Congratulations to Mich.

©Adapted from material provided by Mark Turner of Offshore Challenges

1. amazing!: stupéfiant ! 2. averaging: à la moyenne de…3. a close call: Nous l'avons échappé de justesse.4. nap: sieste5. halyard: drisse (cordage qui permet de hisser la voile)6. squalls: bourrasques7. close in on: s’approcher de

Grammar point

• Prétérit • Present perfect

Ellen came second in theVendée Globe race.

Ellen has participated inthe most prestigious races.

� Précis, p. 162.� Exercices, p. 20.

Day 89

Day 91

Day 94

70

75

Winning day

�

EXAMPLE

20 - twenty � UNIT 1

Présent et prétérit

� Précis, p. 162.

1 Complete the dialogue.

■ do ■ does ■ don’t ■ doesn’t ■ Ø

a. “Alison, what … you like doing during the holi-days?”

b. “ Well, I … like lying on the beach, that’s why Ialways choose working holidays.”

c. “You … get bored there, you … meet wonder-ful people and it … cost a lot of money.”

d. “… your family approve of your choice?”

2 Complete the dialogue.

■ did ■ didn’t ■ Ø

a. “Where … you go last summer?”

b. “I … go anywhere. I … stayed at home.”

c. “… you really? Why?”

d. “Because I … have enough money.”

Focus on…

La question en How + adjectif ou adverbe.Pour interroger sur…

3 Ask a question using “how...?” to get moreinformation.The flight from London to Marseilles lasts onehour and a half. What about the flight fromLondon to Bergerac?

How long is the flight from London to Bergerac?

a. Livingstone explored Africa for nearly thirtyyears. What about Stanley?

b. Tim and his parents go to France every year.What about Barbara?

c. There are three airports in London. What about Paris?

d. Victoria was eighteen when she became Queen.What about Elizabeth the Second?

e. La Rochelle is four hundred miles fromNewport (England). What about New-York City?

For /during

4 Complete the sentences using “for” or “during”.

a. The competitors must train… several monthsbefore the Vendée Globe Challenge.

b. …the Vendée Globe race, the competitors canphone their friends and family at any time.

c. …his first journey in Africa, Livingstone wasattacked by a lion.

d. Stanley travelled across Africa… four months insearch of Livingstone.

So… neither…

� Précis, p. 162.

5 Like Alison and Nigel, Benjamin enjoyed hisholidays with the National Trust.

■ so ■ neither ■ does ■ did ■ is ■ was■ Benjamin

Alison and Nigel don’t like lying on a beach.Neither does Benjamin

a. They think it’s boring.

b. They got on well with everybody.

c. They did not waste their time.

e. They weren’t afraid of hard work.

6 Read what Marion said about learning English.

Compare yourself to her using “so” and “neither” if you are in the same situation. (If not, use “I” + auxiliary.)

I’m really bad at learning foreign languages. I am not!

a. I can’t pronounce one word correctly.

b. I didn’t catch one word when the English assis-tant came in our class.

c. I feel ridiculous when I speak English.

d. I haven’t learnt one word in four years!

Le gérondif

� Précis, p. 162.

7 Put the verbs in the correct form.

■ to + V ■ V + ing

Dear Sir,

I’d love (go) on a working holiday next summer butI haven’t decided yet where to go. I like (work)outdoors very much and I’m really keen on (build)

Grammar & exercises1UNIT PRÉSENT ET •

PRÉTÉRIT SO… •

NEITHER…

LE GÉRONDIF •

PRÉTÉRIT •

PRESENT PERFECT

la distance

far?

la durée

long?How…

le nombre

many?

la fréquence

often?

la quantité, le prix

much?

EXAMPLE

EXAMPLE

� UNIT 1 twenty-one - 21

things or (repair) old machines. I’m good at (use)tools and I enjoy (garden). But I’d like (find) some-thing to do on my own because I don’t want(meet) too many people.

What would you recommend?

Prétérit ou present perfect (forme have+en)?

Focus on…

Le prétéritL’intention de l’énonciateur est de raconter ce quis'est produit dans le passé, (qui peut être trèsproche ou très lointain).

I saw an iceberg three minutes ago… Il y a trois minutes, j'ai vu un iceberg.

This morning I just cried for two hours.Ce matin j'ai pleuré pendant deux heures.

Ellen rapporte ces événements seulement pournous les raconter.

Le present perfect L’intention de l'énonciateur n’est pas de raconter,mais avant tout de montrer qu’un événement a eu lieu (peu importe quand) et qu’il a des consé-quences dans le présent.

I have never done that before. Je n’ai jamais fait cela avant !

Ellen rapporte ces événements pour faire un bilan de son expérience dans le présent.

8 Complete the questions with “did” or “have”.

a. When … you hear about the National Trust?

b. When … you go on your first working holiday?

c. … you ever worked for other charities?

d. Why … you choose that sort of holiday?

e. … you ever visited their website?

9 Classe les marqueurs temporels selon qu’ilssituent l’action dans le passé.

• it’s the first time

• yesterday

• so far

• five minutes ago

• in 1990

• not yet

10 Translate the sentences.

a. Les concurrents ont quitté le port il y cinqminutes.

b. Je n’ai pas encore regardé le bulletin météo.

c. Kingfisher a pris la deuxième place hier.

d. Ce n’est pas la première fois que je franchisl’équateur.

11 Repère les fautes de français, puis explique en quoi elles sont typiques d’un anglophone.

Bonjour, j’aime la France beaucoup. J’étais né àBlackpool et j’habite dans Liverpool. Pendant lesvacances, je faisais du cheval pour deux semaines.Et toi ?

Pronunciation

12 Place l’accent sur les mots, puis classe-lesdans Sound Park en fonction de la prononcia-tion des lettres.

■ foreign ■ luggage ■ money.

13 Classe les mots dans Fun Fircus en fonctionde la prononciation des lettres en gras.

�WB, p. 133.

■ died ■ fly ■ hitch-hike ■ iceberg■ lion ■ neither ■ site ■ society

Vocabulary

14 Use the following words to complete the sen-tences.

■ change ■ money ■ currency ■ coin

a. You need a 2 euro … to buy a packet of biscuits from the vending machine.

b. If you don’t have any …, you can’t use themachine because it doesn’t take banknotes.

c. You don’t need to have a lot of … to go on a working holiday. It’s cheap.

d. What is the …in the UK? The euro or thepound?

Translation

15 Translate the sentences.

- Où étais-tu la semaine dernière ? Je t’ai appelé.- J’étais à Londres. J’y vais tous les trois mois pourvoir mes grands-parents.- Quelle chance ! Je ne suis jamais allée à Londresmais j’adore voyager.- Moi aussi. J’ai rencontré une fille formidable dansl’avion. On a parlé anglais tout le chemin et tu saisquoi ? Elle m’a déjà appelé deux fois !

Writing

16 Ellen is interviewed by a reporter just afterthe Vendée Globe race.

Write the interview, using the past, present perfect andexclamations. (50 words, five questions and answers).

Recap

Horizons1UNITHorizons1UNIT

From Empire…

1740 �

1850 Industrial Revolution in GB

1763 GB acquires Canada andparts of India from Franceafter the 7 Years’ War(Treaty of Paris).

1770 Cook discovers Australia.

1776 American Revolution

1830 France conquers Algiers andsubsequently colonisesAlgeria.

1881 �

1900 The scramble for Africa

1897 Queen Victoria declaredEmpress of India.

Between the 16th and 20th centuries, Britain built up a huge empire. In1920, when the empire was at its height, it covered about one quarter of theworld’s surface and included almost one quarter of the world’s population

Time line

1770: Captain Cook landsin New South Wales, Australia

A nation of sailors, explorers and traders

The first empire-builders wereexplorers and traders.

In the 15th century, Europeansailors started to explore newlands overseas. The first explor-ers were Spanish andPortuguese.

From the 16th century onwards,British navigators followed theirexample. They brought backexotic fruits and spices, sugar,tobacco and fur.

The growth of an EmpireThanks to her powerful navy, Britain dominated the seas for four cen-turies. In the 16th and 17th centuries, she settled 13 colonies inAmerica. In the 18th century, she acquired Canada, India, Australia andNew Zealand. In the 19th century there was a race, known as a‘scramble’, between Britain, France and Germany to colonize Africa.

Key notions

• Empire• Imperialism

Key words■ a voyage: une traversée,

un voyage en mer■ trade: le commerce■ raw materials: des matières

premières■ goods: des marchandises■ the navy: la flotte■ provide: fournir

The answers are on the page

and on the tape!

1. Why do you think theBritish always used red toshow the Empire on a map?

2. Which British colonieswere the first to gain inde-pendence?

3. Find Gibraltar on the map.Why was it considered a stra-tegic point?

Q&A

�

22 - twenty-two � UNIT 1

�

The richest and most powerful country inthe 19th century

1901: Queen Victoria at workwith her Indian secretary

1 At home The Industrial Revolution tookplace in Britain between 1740 and 1850.Britain’s colonies provided raw materials forfactories. And the colonies bought a lot ofthe goods which these factories produced.

2 Overseas Imperialism

People who thought that it was a goodidea to build a huge empire were calledimperialists. They were proud of Britain’sempire and her influence across theworld. Gibraltar was a strategic point.Some British people thought that itcould make Britain more powerful butother people strongly disapproved ofimperialism.

�

�

� UNIT 1 twenty-three - 23

�WB, p. 17.

How long do youthink it took to sailto America in the

19th century?

Liverpool became a prosperous portduring the 19th century.

Listen to the tape and find outwhy.

Horizons1UNIT

…to Commonwealth

Time line

24 - twenty-four � UNIT 1

Q & A

During WWI, countries of the empire fought alongside Britain

In 1945, Britain was very weak. Many British citieswere destroyed during the war and the British econo-my was in ruins. Britain could no longer afford tomaintain a huge empire. She was ready to acceptdecolonisation. In 1947, India became independentand was divided into two countries, India (Hindu)and Pakistan (Muslim).

During WWI and WWII, Empire troops, in otherwords, armies from countries in the Empire, foughtalongside Britain and the Allies. After the SecondWorld War, they demanded their independence.

Towards Independence

1914 �

1918 First World War (WW1)

1931 Statute of Westminster

1939 �

1945 Second World War (WW2)

1947 India becomes independent.

1982 War between Argentina andBritain over the FalklandIslands

The end of the EmpireToday, the British Empire no longer exists. Little by little, Britain grantedindependence to her colonies. The Statute of Westminster (1931) recognised the autonomy of Canada, Australia, New Zealand and SouthAfrica. Most of Britain’s other colonies became independent between1945 and the 1970s. There are still close links between the countries ofthe former empire. Together they form an association called theCommonwealth of Nations.

Key notions

• decolonisation• multicultural society

Key words■ troops: soldiers especially in

large groups■ grant: accorder■ demand: exiger■ government: /´��vnmənt/

The answers are on the page

and on the tape!

1. What do the countries ofthe Commonwealth have incommon?

2. Who was Gandhi?

3. What is a multiculturalsociety?

�

Nowadays, many people from Britain’sformer colonies live in Britain. As a result,

different cultures live side by side.

� UNIT 1 twenty-five - 25

Anouska and her grandmother don’t always agreewhen they go shopping

Listen and find out why.

In the 1920s and 30s, Gandhi campaigned for

India’s independence

My grandparents still live

in Kenya.

�

Prince Charles on a five-daytour of Canada

�WB, p. 18.

– Are the countries of the former empire obliged to belong to the Commonwealth?

– No, it is a voluntary organisation.

– What does the association do?

– Its members hold regular meetings to discussthe affairs of their countries.

They also organise a major sporting event everyfour years, called the Commonwealth Games.

�WB, p. 18.

Did you know thatHong Kong used to be

a British colony?

�

What is the Commonwealth?

I was born in India . We came to England when I was 5.

Does Britain still havecolonies?

Why do you thinkcurry is one of the

most popular dishesin Britain today?