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For a brief history of how the growth of European States started, here is how it goes. We all know that in Europe there were two powers that hold everything.
The first one is the Monarchy, mainly the royalties, kings and queens, and the
other was Religion, which was signified by the church.
For a brief history of how the growth of European States started, here is how it goes. We all know that in Europe there were two powers that hold everything. The first one is the Monarchy, mainly the royalties, kings and queens, and the other was Religion, which was signified by the church. During these times, the monarchy and religion is one of the same. The kings and queens hold religion such as religion hold the monarchy. However, what use was this monarchy and religion hold if they lost one big factor, the people.
During the time of King Louis XVI, there were a lot of
controversies and failures in his leadership. The people
had the feeling of being stagnant and were dissatisfied
with the leadership of the monarchy. Thus this led to a
revolution and execution of King Louis XVI, which ended
the reign of the monarchy. On the other hand, after this
happened, the people were enlightened and had their
use of the knowledge. The characteristics of being open
minded was explored when they were given freedom. A
sense of equality grew and opportunities were
everywhere. And there the growth of European states
started, with knowledge and enlightenment
improvements were evident.
Neo Classicism
From the growth of the European
states, a style emerged from the
people. This is the Neo Classical
Architecture.
“Neo classicism artists do not make dreary reproductions of their creations- be it arts, sculpture or poetry but makes something
new and innovative every time. More than just creating something entirely new,
neoclassicism is a natural expression of a culture with all its elements and the finesse
with which an artist regains the lost elements that might have slipped into the oblivion is what makes a neo classic artist
successful and popular.”
Neo classism was referred to as the antidote to progress and often also called as “Louis XVI style” since it came forth during and after his reign. Neo classism aimed to regain for art and design a purity of form and expression which felt like lacking in the Rococo style. They rejected the spirited and rich ornament of Baroque style. Neo classism believed that the golden age of progress and knowledge as from the age of Romans which ad peace, progression and harmony. Thus they return to it. Back to basics with purity and simplicity.
Madeleine, France
Neoclassical structure are
characterized by their walls
rather than the decoration of it.
Its emphasis is on the planar
characteristics and the building
itself is symmetrical.
Archeologists recognize five periods of European prehistory:
The
Palaeolithic
or Old Stone
Age
The
Mesolithic or
Middle Stone
Age
The time between the end of most recent period of glaciation (c. 10000 BC) and the beginnings of
agriculture.
The Neolithic
or New Stone
Age
(c.6800-2500 BC) that is the period from the
beginning of agriculture to the widespread use of
metal tools.
The Bronze
Age (c. 2500-
1250)
Iron Age
(c.1250 to
AD 1)
The geography of Europe was profoundly
different during the Paleolithic period
which coincides with the Pleistocene or
most recent geological period.
The Prehistoric periodsThe sophistication and
complexity of societies in the Palaeolithic period were
reflected in the early revolution of large scale
relatively permanent buildings with cache pits for specific
activities. During the Mesolithic period, population
densities increased throughout Europe but the sizes of local
groups contracted.
Rome had gradually assumed the leadership of a league of Latin Settlements banded together for mutual defence which gave way to Roman
dominance.
The Rise of Republic Rome
The Growth in importance of the New Rome in the East – Constantinople –and it’s eventual, almost complete
supplanting of Rome itself can hardly have been foreseen by Constantine.
The Eastern empire from
Theodosius to Justinian
King Constantine the Great
Constantinople, Rome
In order to take up the historical strands related to the burgeoning influence of the western
(Roman) Christian church and with it the development of the Romanesque style, it is
necessary to move back in time from the period during which Byzantine political power was
eclipsed to that of decline of the Western Roman empire which led to the rise of the independent
states and nations of Europe.
In spite of the Intervening Alps, commercial and cultural contract between northern Italy
and northern Europe was very lively. The inroads made by the Goths into the north
Italian plains during the fifth century led to the gradual rise of VENICE.
ITALY
The eleventh century if France was marked by a widespread desire to
withdraw from the world and embrace monastic life; this resulted in the foundation of many religious
houses which gave an impulse to architecture and fostered art and
learning.
FRANCE
As early as the sixth century the bishops of Central Europe were conspicuous in
promoting church building. Charlemagne ruled over central Germany and northern
France and established dominion over southern France. He restored civilization in great measure to western Europe and
was a patron for Architecture.
Central Europe
Venice, Italy
Dresden Central Germany
South France
Spain
Another outstanding feature of Spanish History during this period is
the connection of Spain not only with France, its neighbour but also with
England through royal marriages with Italy through papal supervision and
the quarrels with Angevins in Naples and Sicily.
Spain and Portugal
The political and historical
background in France where the
Gothic Style originated in the Ile
de France is still significant.
Pilgrimages were much practised form of religious devotion during the Middle Ages. Christian fervour inspired thousands to travel to the innumerable shrines and holy places throughout
Europe.
St. Martin Tours (begun after 997, demolished at the time of the French
Revolution St. Foi at Conques(c.1050-c.1130)
S. Sernin at Toulouse (1077-
1119)
The main pilgrimage churches are:
Santiago De Compostela (1078 -
1122)