HIV/AIDS
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Transcript of HIV/AIDS
HIV/AIDS
LAUREN DAVIDSON
HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS
Commonly know as HIV
Attacks the immune system
• Destroys CD4+ T cells
Transmitted through direct contact with infected bodily fluids
• Blood
• Semen, pre-seminal fluid
• Rectal fluids
• Vaginal fluids
• Breast milk
STAGES OF HIV
1. Acute Infection
2. Clinical Latency
3. Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome
• AIDS
1. ACUTE INFECTION
Within 2 to 4 weeks after infection with HIV
Acute retroviral syndrome (ARS): flu-like symptoms
• Primary HIV infection
Possible to show no symptoms
Greatest chance to spread HIV
2. CLINICAL LATENCY
Asymptomatic/Chronic HIV infection
Virus reproduces within the body at slower rates
Still possible to spread virus
3. ACQUIRED IMMUNODEFICIENCY SYNDROME
AIDS- final stage of infection
Body is vulnerable to infections and infection-related cancers
• Opportunistic illnesses
Diagnosis:
• CD4+ cells < 200 cells/mm3• Develop one or more opportunistic illnesses
HIV/AIDS IN THE US
First reported in the United States:
• HIV: mid-late 1970’s• AIDS: 1981
Since 1981, more than 980,000 cases of AIDS have been reported
Over 1,000,000 Americans are infected with HIV
• ¼ are unaware of infection
HIV/AIDS IN THE US
About 50,000 people get infected with HIV each year
In 2010, about 15,500 people with AIDS died in the United States
• More than 635,000 individuals with AIDS in the United States have died
HIV/AIDS IN THE US
TRANSMISSION
Having sex without a condom
Sharing needles
Pregnancy, child birth, breast feeding
• 25% chance
RISK FACTORS
Risky Behavior
Racial/Ethnicity
Gender
Age
COMPLICATIONS
COMMON INFECTIONS
Tuberculosis (TB)
Salmonellosis.
Cytomegalovirus (CMV
Candidiasis
• “Thrush”
Cryptococcal meningitis
Toxoplasmosis
Cryptosporidiosis
OTHER COMPLICATIONS
Cancer:
• Kaposi's sarcoma
• tumor of the blood vessel walls
• Lymphoma
Wasting syndrome
Dementia
Kidney disease
TREATMENT
HIV/AIDS is not curable
• Only treatable
31 antiretroviral drugs (ARVs)
• Suppress virus replication
Medication regimen
• Several drugs, several times a day
• “Medical cocktail”
Adherence is crucial
PREVENTION REDUCE THE RISK OF CONTRACTING OR TRANSMITTING HIV:
• Get tested regularly
• Practice abstinence
• Remain faithful to spouse/ partner
• Do not share needles
• Use male or female condoms
STRESS
Psychosocial factors play an important role in progression of HIV infection, its morbidity and mortality:
• Stressful life events
• Depression
• Denial/Avoidance coping
• Negative expectations
• Lack of social support
ARV treatment helps to reduce impact of stress
THANK YOU
BIBLIOGRAPHYBalbin, EG, Ironson, GH,Solomon, GF. (1999). Stress and Coping: The Psychoneuroimmunology of HIV/AIDS. Best Practice and Research Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism, 13(4), 615-633.
Baruchel, S. (1992). The Role of Oxidative Stress in Disease Progression in Individuals Infected by the Human Immunodeficiency Virus. Journal of Leukocyte Biology, 52(1), 111-114.
HIV/AIDS (2008). In National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases online. Retrieved from http://www.niaid.nih.gov/topics/HIVAIDS/Understanding/Pages/whatAreHIVAI
DS.aspx
HIV Basics (n.d). In Centers for Disease Control and Prevention online. Retrieved from http://www.cdc.gov/hiv/basics/index.html
Leserman, J., Petitto, J. M., Golden, R. N., Gaynes, B. N., & al, e. (2000). Impact of Stressful Life Events, Depression, Social Support, Coping, and Cortisol on Progression to AIDS. The American Journal of Psychiatry, 157(8), 1221-8.
Leserman, J., Petitto, J. M., Gu, H., Gaynes, B. N., Barroso, J., Golden, R. N., Evans, D. L. (2002). Progression to AIDS, a Clinical AIDS Condition and Mortality: Psychosocial and Physiological Predictors. Psychological Medicine, 32(6), 1059-73.