Hitler: Chancellor and Führer Of the Thousand Year Reich.
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Transcript of Hitler: Chancellor and Führer Of the Thousand Year Reich.
![Page 1: Hitler: Chancellor and Führer Of the Thousand Year Reich.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070411/56649ccc5503460f94995c4a/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Hitler:Chancellor
and Führer
Of the Thousand Year Reich
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The Weimar Republic and War Debt• At the end of WWI Germany was
on the verge of total collapse• The Kaiser abdicates, leaving the
country to more moderate leaders
• The Weimar Republic is created – Set up a parliamentary system
of government with a chancellor
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They’ve got 99 problems…
• Inflation – France occupies the Ruhr Valley,
a coal-rich area• Workers resisted passively by
refusing to work so the government paid them by printing a massive amount of money
• German money quickly became worthless
• Salaries rose by billions of marks!
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What happened?How could Germany have lost WWI?
• Spartacist League– Uprising 1919– Marxist Organization against WWI
• The Jews
• The Stab in the Back!
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German Anger!The Freikorps Organize
• Ex-military• Hate the reality of post-war Germany• Freikorps kill Spartacist leader Rosa Luxemborg• Wanted revenge for WWI and to bring in military gov’t to
replace Weimar
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…but culture isn’t one• Attracted authors and
artists from around the world, the same a Paris
• The Three-Penny Opera openly criticized middle-class values
• George Grosz pointed out the failures of the Weimar Republic through scathing drawings and pictures
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Queue Hitler
• Born in Austria• Failed artist• Decorated WWI Hero• Resented Treaty of Versailles• He tried to take over Germany
from the Weimar Republic via a small-coup, which promptly ended with jail-time – But the jail-time resulted Mein
Kampf
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The Ideas of Hitler• He despised the Weimar Republic – thought it was weak• Anti-Semitic• Wanted to return Germany to greatness: Hyper-nationalism• Believed in Fascism • Aryan Race – “master race” made up of light-skinned Europeans
– Greatest Enemy: guess?• Oddest Thing: Hitler got this Anti-Semitism from history, the
Jews had been kicked around from place to place for a long time
• LEBENSRAUM – living space for the pure German people
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• As the problems in parliament worsened, Nazis and Communists were able to gain more seats but not enough for a majority until…– Conservative politicians were worried about the
communists so they turned to Hitler• In 1933 he was appointed chancellor• Hitler Speech
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• 30 January 1933 – Hitler elected• 27 February 1933 – The Reichstag (German Parliament) is destroyed by arson – The Communists are blamed
• 5 March 1933 – Chancellor Hitler calls for an emergency election for new parliament members– Naturally, the Nazi’s take the majority
of the seats
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• Within a year, Hitler had control of Germany • His actions:
– Suspended civil rights– Destroyed the socialists and communists– Disbanded other political parties– Outlaw strikes and unions
• Depression Solutions:– Foreign Expansion (hey it worked for the
Romans…)– Military build-up (clash with Versailles?)– Massive public works projects
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• Once he has control of the Reichstag and the Chancellery, Hitler starts to implement his totalitarian reign– SCHUTZSTAFFEL (SS) – military unit loyal only to Hitler– GESTAPO – secret police used to ensure obedience
• Starts his campaign against the Jews (1935): – NUREMBERG LAWS – deprived German Jews of citizenship
and placed severe restrictions on them• Prohibited from: attending or teaching at German schools,
marrying non-Jews, holding government jobs, practicing law and medicine, publishing books
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• 7 November 1938– A Jew shoots and wounds a German diplomat in Paris and
Hitler uses it to attack all the Jews in Germany• “The Night of Broken Glass” – 9 & 10 November 1938
– Nazi-led mobs attacked Jewish communities all over Germany
– They burned synagogues, stole registers– Destroyed Jewish homes and businesses– Beat any Jewish people they found
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• Propaganda• Nazi Youth• Book burning• Criticism of the government was outlawed• League of German Girls