ELEMENTS OF NAZISMELEMENTS OF NAZISM1. Hitler wanted to unite all German-1. Hitler wanted to unite all German-speaking people in a great German empire speaking people in a great German empire (3(3rdrd Reich=1000 year empire). Reich=1000 year empire).

2. Hitler wanted to make Germany larger in 2. Hitler wanted to make Germany larger in size in order to compete with Russia size in order to compete with Russia (Lebensraum=living space).(Lebensraum=living space).

3. Hitler wanted to enforce racial 3. Hitler wanted to enforce racial “purification”. “purification”.

• In his views Germans – especially blue-In his views Germans – especially blue-eyed, blond-haired “Aryans” formed the eyed, blond-haired “Aryans” formed the “master race” or the ideal German, “master race” or the ideal German, destined to rule the world.destined to rule the world.

•Jews, Slavs, and all nonwhites were deemed Jews, Slavs, and all nonwhites were deemed “inferior races” and should be eliminated.“inferior races” and should be eliminated.

Know these terms:Know these terms:

1. Appeasement.1. Appeasement.2. Nonaggression pact.2. Nonaggression pact.3. Blitzkrieg.3. Blitzkrieg.4 Isolationism. 4 Isolationism.

ANSWERSANSWERS1.1. Giving someone something they want in Giving someone something they want in

order to keep the peace.order to keep the peace.

2. An agreement between Germany and 2. An agreement between Germany and the Soviet Union to not go to war the Soviet Union to not go to war against each other.against each other.

3. “lightning war”: A sudden, massive 3. “lightning war”: A sudden, massive attack with air and ground power.attack with air and ground power.

4. Opposition to political and economic 4. Opposition to political and economic entanglements with other countries entanglements with other countries (avoidance/nonintervention).(avoidance/nonintervention).

5. 77%5. 77%

OBJECTIVESOBJECTIVES

• Explain Hitler’s motives and strategies Explain Hitler’s motives and strategies

for expansion and how Britain, France, for expansion and how Britain, France,

the Soviet Union, and the U.S. responded. the Soviet Union, and the U.S. responded.

• Compare and contrast the reactions of Compare and contrast the reactions of

the allies to Nazi Germany with the the allies to Nazi Germany with the

actions taken today against totalitarian actions taken today against totalitarian

governments.governments.

HANDOUT: USE PAGES 532-541HANDOUT: USE PAGES 532-541

1)1) Put the following invasions or actions Put the following invasions or actions

in order by date: Ethiopia, Rhineland, in order by date: Ethiopia, Rhineland,

Netherlands/Belgium/Luxembourg, Netherlands/Belgium/Luxembourg,

Poland, Sudetenland, German military Poland, Sudetenland, German military

buildup, Austria, Britain, France, buildup, Austria, Britain, France,

Germany exits League of Nations, Germany exits League of Nations,

Czechoslovakia, Denmark/Norway, Czechoslovakia, Denmark/Norway,

Baltic States.Baltic States.

2)2) What explanation, excuse, or reasoning What explanation, excuse, or reasoning

was given for the action?was given for the action?

3)3) What action against Hitler was taken by What action against Hitler was taken by

the allies after each invasion?the allies after each invasion?

ANSWERSANSWERS1)1) Germany exits League of Nations.Germany exits League of Nations.

2)2) Invasion of Ethiopia by Italy.Invasion of Ethiopia by Italy.

3)3) German military buildup.German military buildup.

4)4) Invasion of Rhineland.Invasion of Rhineland.

5)5) Invasion of Austria.Invasion of Austria.

6)6) Invasion of Sudetenland.Invasion of Sudetenland.

7)7) Invasion of Czechoslovakia.Invasion of Czechoslovakia.

8)8) Invasion of Poland.Invasion of Poland.

9)9) Invasion of Baltic States by the Soviet Union.Invasion of Baltic States by the Soviet Union.

10)10) Invasion of Denmark and Norway.Invasion of Denmark and Norway.

11)11) Invasion of Netherland, Belgium, and Luxembourg.Invasion of Netherland, Belgium, and Luxembourg.

12)12) Invasion of France.Invasion of France.

13)13) Battle of Britain.Battle of Britain.

EUROPEEUROPE

1933-19361933-1936• In 1933 Hitler pulled Germany out of the League In 1933 Hitler pulled Germany out of the League

of Nations.of Nations. Why? Because he intends to start a war! Why? Because he intends to start a war!

• In 1935 Mussolini invades and takes over In 1935 Mussolini invades and takes over Ethiopia. Ethiopia. Why? Oil fields and following same game Why? Oil fields and following same game plan as the Old Roman Empire.plan as the Old Roman Empire.

• Also in 1935 Hitler massively builds up his Also in 1935 Hitler massively builds up his militarymilitary..

• In 1936 Hitler attacks and takes over the In 1936 Hitler attacks and takes over the RhinelandRhineland, an area of land between France and , an area of land between France and Germany, with orders to retreat if the French retaliated. Germany, with orders to retreat if the French retaliated. Hitler wanted to unite all German speaking people Hitler wanted to unite all German speaking people under 1 flag. The French didn’t want to involve under 1 flag. The French didn’t want to involve themselves so Hitler concluded that if he attacked themselves so Hitler concluded that if he attacked Eastern Europe the French would continue to no get Eastern Europe the French would continue to no get involved. He was right.involved. He was right.

INVASION OF AUSTRIAINVASION OF AUSTRIA

• Austria’s people favored Austria’s people favored unification with Germany unification with Germany because the people are because the people are German.German.

• On March 12th, 1938, On March 12th, 1938, German troops marched German troops marched into German speaking into German speaking Austria unopposed. Austria unopposed.

• The next day Germany The next day Germany announced that the union announced that the union with Austria was complete. with Austria was complete.

• The United States, the The United States, the League of Nation, and rest League of Nation, and rest of the world did nothing to of the world did nothing to protest or stop Germanyprotest or stop Germany. .

INVASION OF INVASION OF CZECHOSLOVAKIACZECHOSLOVAKIA

• About 3 million German-speaking About 3 million German-speaking people lived in the western border people lived in the western border regions of Czechoslovakia (the regions of Czechoslovakia (the Sudetenland). Hitler wanted it to Sudetenland). Hitler wanted it to unite all German speaking people unite all German speaking people into 1 country into 1 country ANDAND to provide more to provide more living space for Germany.living space for Germany.

• Hitler’s Excuse: Czech’s were Hitler’s Excuse: Czech’s were abusing the Germans there.abusing the Germans there.

• Hitler promises Britain and France Hitler promises Britain and France that the Sudetenland is his “last that the Sudetenland is his “last territorial demand.” territorial demand.”

• In an attempt to avoid war, France, In an attempt to avoid war, France, Britain, and Germany signed the Britain, and Germany signed the Munich Pact on September 30, Munich Pact on September 30, 1938. 1938.

• The Munich Agreement/Pact: The Munich Agreement/Pact: turned turned the Sudetenland over to Germany the Sudetenland over to Germany without a single shot being fired.without a single shot being fired.

INVASION OF INVASION OF CZECHOSLOVAKIACZECHOSLOVAKIA

• In Britain, Winston In Britain, Winston Churchill viewed the Churchill viewed the signing of the Munich signing of the Munich Pact as an adoption Pact as an adoption of appeasement.of appeasement.

• Appeasement: Giving Appeasement: Giving someone something someone something they want in order to they want in order to keep the peace.keep the peace.

• Churchill warned that Churchill warned that Hitler would not stop Hitler would not stop at the Sudetenland. at the Sudetenland.

• On March 15, 1939, On March 15, 1939, German troops German troops invaded the rest of invaded the rest of Czechoslovakia and Czechoslovakia and quickly took it over.quickly took it over.

INVASION OF POLANDINVASION OF POLAND• The majority of Poland’s The majority of Poland’s

population was German population was German speaking. speaking.

• Hitler’s excuse: German Hitler’s excuse: German Poles were being Poles were being mistreated. mistreated.

• August 23, 1939 Stalin August 23, 1939 Stalin and Hitler sign the and Hitler sign the Nonaggression Pact.Nonaggression Pact.• Germany and the Germany and the

Soviet Union commit Soviet Union commit to to notnot attack each attack each other. other.

• With the dangers of a With the dangers of a two-front war eliminated two-front war eliminated German Invaded Poland.German Invaded Poland.

• The Soviet Union and The Soviet Union and Germany split Poland in Germany split Poland in half. Germany takes the half. Germany takes the Western half and the Western half and the Soviets take the Eastern Soviets take the Eastern half.half.

BLITZKRIEG IN POLANDBLITZKRIEG IN POLAND

• September 1, 1939 Germany September 1, 1939 Germany launched it Blitzkrieg in launched it Blitzkrieg in Poland.Poland.

• Blitzkrieg (lightning war): Blitzkrieg (lightning war): Used advances in military Used advances in military technology, such as fast technology, such as fast tanks and more powerful tanks and more powerful aircraft, to secure the air and aircraft, to secure the air and ground with the Air Force. ground with the Air Force. The ground troops come in The ground troops come in afterwards to secure the afterwards to secure the cities.cities.

• WAR DECLAREDWAR DECLARED: September : September 3, Britain and France 3, Britain and France declared war on Germany. declared war on Germany.

• Major fighting in Poland was Major fighting in Poland was over in 3 weeks. over in 3 weeks.

INVASION OF THE BALTIC INVASION OF THE BALTIC STATES STATES

• The Soviet Union also The Soviet Union also invaded Poland from invaded Poland from the east, seizing what the east, seizing what was left of Poland.was left of Poland.

• After occupying After occupying eastern Poland, Stalin eastern Poland, Stalin began annexing the began annexing the Baltic States of Baltic States of Estonia, Latvia, and Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania (The area Lithuania (The area taken away from the taken away from the Soviets in the Treaty Soviets in the Treaty of Versailles). of Versailles).

• In late 1939, Stalin In late 1939, Stalin sent the Soviet army sent the Soviet army into Finland.into Finland.

• After 3 months of After 3 months of fighting the Finns fighting the Finns surrendered. surrendered.

OTHER MAJOR INVASIONSOTHER MAJOR INVASIONS• April 9, 1940, Hitler April 9, 1940, Hitler

launched a surprise launched a surprise invasion of Denmark invasion of Denmark and Norway.and Norway.

• Hitler planned to use Hitler planned to use these countries to build these countries to build bases from which he bases from which he could easily strike Great could easily strike Great Britain.Britain.

• Hitler next invaded the Hitler next invaded the Netherlands, Belgium, Netherlands, Belgium, and Luxembourg, all of and Luxembourg, all of which were overrun and which were overrun and in German control by in German control by the end of May, 1940. the end of May, 1940.

THE FALL OF FRANCETHE FALL OF FRANCE

• Only takes 6 weeks for Hitler to Only takes 6 weeks for Hitler to conquer France.conquer France.

• Hitler attacks France by going Hitler attacks France by going through the Ardennes forest in through the Ardennes forest in Northern France and attacking Northern France and attacking Paris from the North.Paris from the North.

• The Italians attack France and The Italians attack France and Paris from the southParis from the south

• This German offensive in France This German offensive in France trapped almost 400,000 British trapped almost 400,000 British and French soldiers along the and French soldiers along the beaches of France. beaches of France.

• The nearly 330,000 British, The nearly 330,000 British, French, and Belgian troops were French, and Belgian troops were evacuated to Britain by boat. evacuated to Britain by boat.

• June 22, 1940 France June 22, 1940 France surrendered.surrendered.

• Germany occupied northern Germany occupied northern France, setting up a Nazi-France, setting up a Nazi-controlled government. controlled government.

THE BATTLE OF BRITAINTHE BATTLE OF BRITAIN• Germany launched an air war Germany launched an air war

on Britain in the summer of on Britain in the summer of 1940.1940.

• Luftwaffe (German air force) Luftwaffe (German air force) began making bombing runs began making bombing runs over Britain.over Britain.

• Every night for two months Every night for two months roughly 2,000 German planes roughly 2,000 German planes bombed London, and the rest bombed London, and the rest of Britain. of Britain.

• Britain installed a new piece of Britain installed a new piece of technology (radar) on every technology (radar) on every British air plane. Radar saved British air plane. Radar saved the British from being the British from being defeated by Hitler.defeated by Hitler.

• One night the RAF (British Air One night the RAF (British Air force) shot down 185 German force) shot down 185 German planes.planes.

• Hitler eventually called off the Hitler eventually called off the invasion of Britain. invasion of Britain.

EXIT SLIPEXIT SLIP

• What position/policy/actions did the allies take against Hitler What position/policy/actions did the allies take against Hitler

prior to the invasion of Poland? prior to the invasion of Poland?

• Does the current U.S. foreign policy have anything to do with Does the current U.S. foreign policy have anything to do with

the lessons learned from WWII? Explain. the lessons learned from WWII? Explain.

BELL QUIZ: USE WHAT YOU BELL QUIZ: USE WHAT YOU LEARNED FROM LAST TIME LEARNED FROM LAST TIME AND/OR PAGES 532-541.AND/OR PAGES 532-541.

11. . What excuse did Hitler continually give to the What excuse did Hitler continually give to the

League of Nations for explaining German League of Nations for explaining German

expansion?expansion?

2. How did the allies respond to Hitler’s actions?2. How did the allies respond to Hitler’s actions?

3. Why did the U.S. try to stay neutral?3. Why did the U.S. try to stay neutral?

4. Does appeasement work? Explain yourself.4. Does appeasement work? Explain yourself.

5. Does the current U.S. foreign policy have 5. Does the current U.S. foreign policy have

anything to do with the lessons learned from anything to do with the lessons learned from

WWII? Explain.WWII? Explain.