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    Saab AutomobileFrom Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

    This article is about the car manufacturer. For the aerospace and defense company, see Saab AB.For other

    uses, seeSaab (disambiguation).

    Saab Automobile

    Type DivisionofNEVS

    Industry Automotive

    Founded 1947

    Founder(s) Saab AB

    Headquarters Trollhttan,Sweden

    Area served Worldwide

    Key people Kai Johan Jiang (CEO of NEVS)

    Karl Erling Trogen (Chairman of NEVS)

    Products Automobiles

    Production output 32,048 units (2010)[1]

    Revenue SEK6.301 billion (2010)[2]

    Operating income SEK3.126 billion(2010)[2]

    Profit SEK3.009 billion(2010)[2]

    http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saab_ABhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saab_ABhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saab_ABhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saab_(disambiguation)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saab_(disambiguation)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saab_(disambiguation)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Types_of_business_entityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Types_of_business_entityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Division_(business)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Division_(business)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Electric_Vehicle_Swedenhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Electric_Vehicle_Swedenhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Electric_Vehicle_Swedenhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automotive_industryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automotive_industryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saab_ABhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saab_ABhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trollh%C3%A4ttanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trollh%C3%A4ttanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automobilehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automobilehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saab_Automobile#cite_note-Saab_production_2010-1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saab_Automobile#cite_note-Saab_production_2010-1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saab_Automobile#cite_note-Saab_production_2010-1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swedish_kronahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swedish_kronahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saab_Automobile#cite_note-Saab_Automobile_AB_-_Allabolag-2http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saab_Automobile#cite_note-Saab_Automobile_AB_-_Allabolag-2http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saab_Automobile#cite_note-Saab_Automobile_AB_-_Allabolag-2http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earnings_before_interest_and_taxeshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earnings_before_interest_and_taxeshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swedish_kronahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swedish_kronahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saab_Automobile#cite_note-Saab_Automobile_AB_-_Allabolag-2http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saab_Automobile#cite_note-Saab_Automobile_AB_-_Allabolag-2http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saab_Automobile#cite_note-Saab_Automobile_AB_-_Allabolag-2http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Net_incomehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Net_incomehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swedish_kronahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swedish_kronahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saab_Automobile#cite_note-Saab_Automobile_AB_-_Allabolag-2http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saab_Automobile#cite_note-Saab_Automobile_AB_-_Allabolag-2http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saab_Automobile#cite_note-Saab_Automobile_AB_-_Allabolag-2http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Saab_wordmark_grey.svghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Saab_wordmark_grey.svghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Saab_wordmark_grey.svghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saab_Automobile#cite_note-Saab_Automobile_AB_-_Allabolag-2http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swedish_kronahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Net_incomehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saab_Automobile#cite_note-Saab_Automobile_AB_-_Allabolag-2http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swedish_kronahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earnings_before_interest_and_taxeshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saab_Automobile#cite_note-Saab_Automobile_AB_-_Allabolag-2http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swedish_kronahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saab_Automobile#cite_note-Saab_production_2010-1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automobilehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trollh%C3%A4ttanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saab_ABhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automotive_industryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Electric_Vehicle_Swedenhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Division_(business)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Types_of_business_entityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saab_(disambiguation)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saab_AB
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    Owner(s) National Modern Energy HoldingsviaNational Electric Vehicle

    Sweden

    Employees 85 as of October 2012[3]

    Parent National Electric Vehicle Swedenas of November 2012

    Website www.saabcars.com

    References:Financial data above applies to the now bankrupt Saab Automobile AB, not

    NEVS.

    Saab Automobile AB[4][5]/sb/is a Swedish premiumcar manufacturer.It was formed in 1945 whenSaab

    AB,"Svenska Aeroplan AB (aktiebolaget)" (English: Swedish Aeroplane Limited), a Swedish aerospace and

    defence company, commenced a project to design a small automobile. The first production model, theSaab

    92,was launched in 1949. In 1968 the parent company merged withScania-Vabis,and ten years later

    theSaab 900was launched - in time becoming Saab's best-selling model. In the mid-1980s the newSaab

    9000model also appeared.

    In 1989 the automobile division of Saab-Scania was restructured into an independent company, Saab

    Automobile AB. The American manufacturerGeneral Motorstook 50% ownership with an investment of $600

    million, and then in 2000 exercised its option to acquire the remaining 50% for a further $125 million; so turning

    Saab Automobile into a wholly owned GM subsidiary. In 2010 GM sold Saab Automobile AB to the Dutch

    automobile manufacturerSpyker CarsN.V.[6]

    Saab 900

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    After struggling to avoid insolvency throughout 2011, the company petitioned the Swedish court

    forbankruptcyfollowing the failure of a Chinese consortium to complete a purchase of the company; the

    purchase had been blocked by former owner GM, which opposed the transfer of technology and production

    rights to a Chinese company.[7]On June 13, 2012, it was announced that theNational Electric Vehicle

    Swedenhad bought Saab Automobile's bankruptcy estate.[8]

    Saab is the exclusive automobileRoyal Warrantholder as appointed by theKing of Sweden.[9]

    Contents

    [hide]

    1 History

    o 1.1 Svenska Aeroplan AB (19481969)

    o

    1.2 Saab-Scania (19691989)

    o 1.3 General Motors and Investor AB (19892000)

    o 1.4 General Motors (20002010)

    o 1.5 Spyker/Swedish Automobile (20102011)

    1.5.1 2010 - Purchase of SAAB

    1.5.2 2011 - Bankruptcy

    1.5.3 2012 - 3 billion claim

    1.5.4 2013 - claim dismissed

    o

    1.6 National Electric Vehicle Sweden (2012) 2 Production

    3 Models

    o 3.1 Canceled models

    o 3.2 Historical models

    o 3.3 Concepts and prototypes

    4 Innovations

    5 Safety

    6 Endurance records 7 Marketing and ownership

    o 7.1 Ownership and brand loyalty

    o 7.2 Slogans

    8 Literature and the arts

    9 In motorsport

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i/Saab_Automobile#Marketing_and_ownershiphttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saab_Automobile#Marketing_and_ownershiphttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saab_Automobile#Ownership_and_brand_loyaltyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saab_Automobile#Ownership_and_brand_loyaltyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saab_Automobile#Sloganshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saab_Automobile#Sloganshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saab_Automobile#Literature_and_the_artshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saab_Automobile#Literature_and_the_artshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saab_Automobile#In_motorsporthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saab_Automobile#In_motorsporthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saab_Automobile#In_motorsporthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saab_Automobile#Literature_and_the_artshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saab_Automobile#Sloganshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saab_Automobile#Ownership_and_brand_loyaltyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saab_Automobile#Marketing_and_ownershiphttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saab_Automobile#Endurance_recordshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saab_Automobile#Safetyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saab_Automobile#Innovationshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saab_Automobile#Concepts_and_prototypeshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saab_Automobile#Historical_modelshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saab_Automobile#Canceled_modelshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saab_Automobile#Modelshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saab_Automobile#Productionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saab_Automobile#National_Electric_Vehicle_Sweden_.282012.E2.80.93.29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saab_Automobile#2013_-_claim_dismissedhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saab_Automobile#2012_-_3_billion_claimhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saab_Automobile#2011_-_Bankruptcyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saab_Automobile#2010_-_Purchase_of_SAABhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saab_Automobile#Spyker.2FSwedish_Automobile_.282010.E2.80.932011.29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saab_Automobile#General_Motors_.282000_.E2.80.93_2010.29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saab_Automobile#General_Motors_and_Investor_AB_.281989.E2.80.932000.29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saab_Automobile#Saab-Scania_.281969.E2.80.931989.29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saab_Automobile#Svenska_Aeroplan_AB_.281948.E2.80.931969.29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saab_Automobile#Historyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saab_Automobilehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saab_Automobile#cite_note-9http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carl_XVI_Gustaf_of_Swedenhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royal_Warranthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saab_Automobile#cite_note-8http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Electric_Vehicle_Swedenhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Electric_Vehicle_Swedenhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saab_Automobile#cite_note-7http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bankruptcy
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    10 See also

    11 References

    12 External links

    History[edit source|editbeta]

    Ursaab,the prototype for theSaab 92Saab's first automobile

    Svenska Aeroplan AB (19481969)[edit source|editbeta]

    Saab AB,"Svenska Aeroplan AB (aktiebolaget)" (Swedish for "Swedish Aeroplane Limited"), a Swedish

    aerospace and defence company, had been created in 1937 inLinkping.The company had been established

    in 1937 for the express purpose of building aircraft for theSwedish Air Forceto protect the country's neutrality

    as Europe moved closer toWorld War II.As the war drew towards a close and the market for fighter planes

    evaporated, the company began looking for new markets in which to diversify.

    An automobile design project was started in 1945 with the internal name X9248.[10][11]The design project

    became formally known as Project 92; the 92 being next in production sequence after theSaab 91,a single

    engine trainer aircraft.[12]In 1948, a company site inTrollhttanwas converted to allow automobile assembly

    and the project moved there, along with the car manufacturing headquarters, which has remained there since.

    The company made four prototypes namedUrsaabor "original Saab", numbered 92001 through to 92004,

    before designing the production model, theSaab 92,in 1949.

    Saab 96

    The Saab 92 went into production in December 1949,[13]selling 20,000 cars through the mid-1950s. The 92

    was thoroughly redesigned and re-engineered in 1955, and accordingly was renamed theSaab 93.The car's

    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    engine gained a cylinder, going fromtwotothreeand its front fascia became the first to sport the first

    incarnation of Saab's trademark trapezoidal radiator grill. A wagon variant, theSaab 95,was added in 1959.

    The decade also saw Saab's f irst performance car, theSaab 94,the first of theSaab Sonetts.

    1960 saw the third major revision to the 92's platform in theSaab 96.The 96 was an important model for Saab:

    it was the first Saab to be widely exported out of Sweden. It proved very popular, selling nearly 550,000

    examples. Even more important to the company's fortunes was 1968'sSaab 99.The 99 was the first all-new

    Saab in 19 years, and unlike its predecessors, severed all ties with the 92. The 99 had many innovations and

    features that would come to define Saabs for decades: wraparound windscreen, self-repairing bumpers,

    headlamp washers and side-impact door beams. The design bySixten Sasonwas no less revolutionary than

    the underlying technology, and elements like theSaab "hockey stick"profile graphic continue to influence Saab

    design.

    Saab-Scania (19691989)[edit source|editbeta]

    Main article:Saab-Scania

    TheSaab 99was launched in 1969 as an all-new design

    In 1969, Saab AB merged with the Swedish commercial vehicle manufacturerScania-Vabis ABto form Saab-

    Scania AB, under theWallenberg familyumbrella.

    The 99 range was expanded in 1973 with the addition of a combi coupe model, a body style which became

    synonymous with Saab. The millionth Saab was produced in 1976.

    Saab entered into an agreement withFiatin 1978 to sell arebadgedLancia Deltaas theSaab 600and jointly

    develop a new platform. The agreement yielded 1985'sSaab 9000,sister to theAlfa Romeo 164,Fiat

    CromaandLancia Thema;all rode atop a commonType Four chassis.The 9000 was Saab's first proper luxury

    car but failed to achieve the planned sales volume.

    1978 also was the first year for the 99's replacement: theSaab 900.Nearly one million 900s would be

    produced, making it Saab's best-selling and most iconic model.[14]A popular convertible version followed in

    1986, all of which were made at theSaab-Valmetfactory inFinland,making up nearly 20% of 900 sales. Even

    today, the "classic 900" retains a cult following among enthusiasts.

    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    General Motors and Investor AB (19892000)[edit source|editbeta]

    Saab 9-5

    In 1989, the Saab car division of Saab-Scania was restructured into an independent company, Saab

    Automobile AB, headquartered in Sweden;General MotorsandInvestor ABcontrolled 50% each. GM's

    investment of US$600 million gave them the option to acquire the remaining shares within a decade. General

    Motors' involvement spurred the launch of anew 900in 1994. The new carshared a platformwith theOpel

    Vectra.Due in large part to its success, Saab earned a profit in 1995 for the first time in seven years. However,

    the model never achieved the cult following of the "classic 900" and did not achieve the same reputation for

    quality.

    1997 marked Saab's 50th anniversary as an automaker. The company used their jubilee owner's convention to

    launch a replacement for the aging 9000: theSaab 9-5.The 900 received a facelift and renaming

    complementary to its new larger sibling: it would now be called theSaab 9-3.The 9-5 was the first Saab

    without a combi coupe bodystyle option in twenty years. Filling that space was a wagon variant, introduced in

    1999.

    General Motors (2000 2010)[edit source|editbeta]

    GM exercised their option to acquire the remaining Saab shares in 2000, spending US$125 million to turn the

    company into a wholly owned subsidiary.

    The newly close relationship yielded its first product in 2003's all-new 9-3. The new model, marketed as a sport

    sedan, dropped Saab's iconic hatchback in favor of a more conventional four-door approach. The model

    shared a co-developed platform (GM's "global Epsilon platform") and some other components with the Opel

    Vectra again, but the relationship was much more of a joint engineering effort than before.

    Under GM's direction, thebadge-engineeredSaab 9-2X(based on theSubaru Impreza)andSaab 9-7X(based

    on theChevrolet Trailblazer)were introduced in the American market in 2005 with the hope of increasing sales.

    Both models were a critical and commercial failure and were scrapped a few years after production. GM also

    delayed the 9-3 wagon by three years, shelved a hatchback derivative of the 9-3 sedan, stalled plans for all-

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    wheel-drive capabilities in Saab models until 2008, canceled a 95 replacement in 2005, and announced a

    planned shift of production away from Saab's historic home in Trollhttan toOpel's factory inRsselsheim.

    Saab 9-3sport combi

    Owing to fading fortunes across their entire business, GM announced that the Saab brand was "under review"

    in December 2008, a process which included the possibility of selling or shuttering the carmaker. Reportedly,

    27 potential buyers emerged, includingBMW,Fiat,Geely,Hyundai,Magna,RenaultandTata Motors;serious

    talks progressed with three bidders: the SwedishsupercarmakerKoenigsegg,MerbancoandRenco

    Group.[citation needed]

    As the talks progressed, GM's support receded, and the company went into administration, the Swedish

    equivalent of America'sChapter 11 bankruptcy.Saab's managing directorJan-ke Jonssonsaid that this was

    "the best way to create a truly independent entity that is ready for investment".[15]For its part, the Swedish

    government was reluctant to become involved, withMaud Olofsson,industry minister, stating: "The Swedish

    state and taxpayers in Sweden will not own car factories. Sometimes you get the impression that this is a small,

    small company but it is the world's biggest automaker so we have a right to make demands."[16]

    Saab Aero-X

    On 16 June 2009, Koenigsegg, announced their intentions to purchase the brand from GM.[15]The bid was

    backed by a group ofNorwegianinvestors and the Chinese car makerBeijing Automotive Industry Holding Co

    Ltd(BAIC). The following month, both parties announced that GM had consented to the deal. There were

    outstanding financial details, but a loan from theEuropean Investment Bankwas expected to cover them. The

    loan was approved in October, but on November 24, Koenigsegg announced that it had "come to the painful

    and difficult conclusion that it could no longer carry out the acquisition."[17]much because of the constant delays

    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    and the difficulties coordinating the involved parties; GM, the European Investment Bank, theSwedish National

    Debt Officeand BAIC.

    It was announced on 14 December that the Chinese automaker would acquire the intellectual property rights

    and production equipment for the previous generation Saab 9-3 and Saab 9-5 in a deal worth about US$197

    million, which was enough for the company to run for three months.[18][19]BAIC expressed their intent to create

    a new brand around the purchased technology and admitted to the purchase of "three overall vehicle platforms,

    two engine technologies and two transmission systems."[20]

    second generationSaab 9-5

    Following the collapse of talks with Koenigsegg, GM announced that the brand would be eliminated in 2010 if it

    failed to secure a buyer before the close of 2009.[21]As talks with several firms failed, including the

    Netherlands-based boutique supercar maker Spyker, GM formally announced their intention to wind down the

    Saab brand.[21]

    Undeterred, a new offer round materialized. Earlier bidders Spyker and Merbanco revised their offers and were

    joined by a submission from Luxembourg-basedGenii Capital,who boasted the support of F1 chiefBernie

    Ecclestone.[21]GM continued accepting bids until a self-imposed deadline of January 7, 2010. Acknowledging

    that the chances for reaching a deal with any party were very slim, they pledged to evaluate each offer with due

    diligence.[22][23]

    Spyker/Swedish Automobile (20102011)[edit source|editbeta]

    2010 - Purchase of SAAB[edit source|editbeta]

    On 26 January, General Motors (GM) confirmed that Spyker and GM had come to an agreement allowing

    Spyker to purchase Saab,[24]subject to regulatory and government approval; the sale was completed on

    February 23, 2010.[25]General Motors will continue to supply Saab with engines, transmissions and also

    completed vehicles in the shape of the new Saab 9-4x from GM's Mexican factory. The deal includes a loan

    from the European Investment Bank, guaranteed by the Swedish government. It comprises US$74m in cash up

    front, payable to GM by July 2010, and shares in Spyker to the tune of US$320m.

    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    Saab announced that it was going to build its US headquarters in Royal Oak, Michigan. A new Saab 9-3 was

    confirmed for 2012, while production restarted at the Saab plant in Sweden in March 2010.[26]Victor Muller,

    CEO and founder of Spyker Cars stated in an interview that the take-over was f inanced solely byVladimir

    Antonovwith the knowledge of General Motors.[27]

    In July, the Company expected to sell between 50,000 to 55,000 vehicles in 2010.[28]As part of its expansion

    program Saab announced plans to return to China after General Motors withdrew the brand from the Chinese

    market in 2008 due to theglobal financial meltdown,Saab planned to sell between 2,000 and 5,000 cars

    initially and should the reception of the vehicle go well, they planned to move production to China as well, as

    the deal would have seen 10 dealerships open. The deal was to be signed with China Automobile Trading Co.

    Ltd.[29]

    In October, the Company revised its production target for the year to 30,000 to 35,000 vehicles from 45,000

    vehicles as a result of longer time was needed to recover from plant shutdown for two months at the beginning

    of the year and reverse liquidation proceeding. It was reported that it was the second time forecast was cut in

    less than three months.[30]Eventually Saab sold 31,696 cars in 2010.[31]

    2011 - Bankruptcy[edit source|editbeta]

    On February 25, Spyker Cars N.V. announced they had agreed to sell the sports car arm to focus on Saab.

    They intended to change their name, in May, to include the Saab name.[32]

    At the beginning of April several suppliers halted shipment of components to the Trollhttan assembly plant

    because of unpaid invoices. As a result Saab had to stop production on April 5.[33]

    On 3 May, Spyker Cars reached an agreement with Chinese automakerHawtai Motorto obtain emergency

    funding for Saab, aiming to restart production within a week.[34]On May 12, the deal with Hawtai collapsed

    when it failed to get the necessary approvals.[35]Spyker was still hopeful that a deal could be made with

    Hawtai.Great Wall Motor,another Chinese carmaker, was also rumoured to be in talks with Spyker about

    investing; however, this was denied by Great Wall on May 13.

    On May 16, Spyker announced that they have signed a Memorandum of Understanding withChina's Pang Da

    Automobile Trade Co.(Pang Da) that would give Saab the financing needed to restart production, and give

    Pang Da an equity stake in Spyker.[36]

    On June 8, Saab said it had stopped production due to an insufficient supply of parts. This occurring only two

    weeks after resuming production following a seven-week hiatus. A claim was made for production again

    starting August 9.[37]

    On June 23, Saab announced that they were unable to pay June salaries to the entire workforce of 3800

    employees due to lack of funding.[38][39]The trade unionIF Metallgave Saab seven days to pay the salaries to

    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tomobile#cite_note-31http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saab_Automobile#cite_note-30http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saab_Automobile#cite_note-29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Financial_crisis_(2007%E2%80%93present)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saab_Automobile#cite_note-28http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saab_Automobile#cite_note-27http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vladimir_Aleksandrovich_Antonovhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vladimir_Aleksandrovich_Antonovhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victor_Mullerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saab_Automobile#cite_note-26
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    their employees; otherwise, IF Metall threatened to force a liquidation of the company.[40][41]On June 29, Saab

    employees were paid.[42]

    In June,China Youngman Automobile Group(Youngman) and Pang Da announced their intention to buy 54%

    of Saab for 245million.[43][44]They also announced that they would finance three new models,Saab 9-1,Saab

    9-6 and Saab 9-7.[45][46]

    On July 26, Saab announced that they were unable to pay July salaries to 1,600white-collar workers.The

    company was also unable to verify when the salaries would be paid.[47]However, the entire workforce ofblue-

    collar workerswere paid on July 25.

    On July 27, it was reported that Bahama-based Gemini Fund would ensure employee salaries did not pay out

    to Saab, because of the uncertainty arising in securities that would protect the payment.[48]On the same day it

    was also confirmed by Russian businessman Vladimir Antonov's Swedish representative Lars Carlstrm that

    Antonov has close ties to the fund.

    [49]

    On July 28, the trade unionUnionenannounced that if Saab did not paythe white-collar workers within two weeks, Unionen will force the company into bankruptcy.[50]On the same

    day,European Investment Bank(EIB) announced they rejected the request from Vladimir Antonov to become

    part-owner of Saab.[51]In response to that decision, the director general ofSwedish National Debt Office,Bo

    Lundgren,severely criticized the EIB for their handling of Antonov in recent months.[52]On August 5, Saab paid

    the salaries to the white-collar workers throughequity issuancewhere the Gemini Fund bought five million

    shares in Saab.[53]

    On August 17, theSwedish Enforcement Administrationstarted adistraintprocess of Saab as a result of the

    company not settling its debts.[54]

    On August 19, it was confirmed that the Enforcement Administration had more than 90 cases with claims

    amounting to 169 million SEK ($25.5 million/18.4 million) against Saab, of which 22 are currently in the

    distraint phase.[55]On the same day, the Enforcement Administration found an account atSkandinaviska

    Enskilda Banken,which they hoped contained at least SEK5.1 million ($0.8 million/0.555million) which would

    be used to pay off Saab's debt toKongsberg Automotive.[56]

    On August 23, Saab spokesperson, Gunilla Gustav, announced there was a chance the August salaries may

    not be paid because of lack of funding. One reason is that Saab has not received the money they were

    promised. The President of Unionen, Cecilia Fahlberg, is highly critical of unpaid salaries becoming an issue forthe third time during the summer, and would restart bankruptcy proceedings unless the salaries were paid. As a

    result of the announcement, shares of Saab's parent company, Swedish Automobiles, plummeted by 20%.[57]

    On August 25, it was confirmed that the August salaries had not been paid to the blue-collar employees, and

    most likely its white-collar workers also, whose salaries were rumoured to be paid on August 26.[58]On the

    same day, Enforcement Administration announced that it has foreclosed on about SEK50 million

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    (US$7.9 million/5.45million) and they are entitled to the money from the company's payroll account if they do

    not find the remainder earlier. Saab must have approximately SEK100 million (US$15.8 million/10.9million)

    each month in the payroll account in order to remunerate their entire workforce.[59]

    On August 26, Swedish Automobile announced that they have pushed forward the interim report until next

    week (week 35).[60]On the same day it was reported that Saab was preparing an application for reconstruction

    of the company. Saab was lacking the appropriate funds to start production, pay salaries to their employees,

    and debts to their subcontractors.[61]

    On August 31, after a 5-day delay, Saab released its interim report which announced a loss of 201.5million

    with revenues of 359million after the first six months.[62]It was also reported that Saab was preparing an

    application for reconstruction of the company. Again this is as a result of insufficient funds preventing the start

    of production, payment of employee salaries, and payment of subcontractor debts. In 2011 Saab's Trollhttan

    plant ended production.

    On September 7, Saab Automobile petitioned Swedish court for a voluntary reconstruction. The aim was to

    protect the company from creditor's claims until Chinese government approval could be completed for a 245

    million deal agreed in June 2011 with Pang Da andZhejiang Youngman Lotus Automobile(Zhejiang

    Youngman).[63]The following day, the Swedish courts rejected Saab's reconstruction petition, expressing doubt

    that the automaker could secure the funding necessary to continue.[64]

    On September 12, Saab announced that it had signed a technology license agreement worth 70million with

    Zhejiang Youngman.[65]On the same day, it became known that the trade unions Unionen andSwedish

    Organization for Managers(Ledarna) submitted the application requesting that Saab be put into

    liquidation.[66]Saab Automobile confirmed through a press release that the trade unions had petitioned for

    bankruptcy supervision of the company.[67]

    On September 22, Saab Automobile AB and its subsidiaries Saab Automobile Powertrain AB and Saab

    Automobile Tools AB (collectively Saab Automobile) received approval for their proposal for voluntary

    reorganization from the Court of Appeal in Gothenburg, Sweden.[68]

    On 28 October, media reports stated that the Chinese carmakerYoungmanand the Chinese automotive

    retailer Pang Da had agreed to a joint US$140 million takeover of Saab Automobile and its UK dealer network

    unit fromSwedish Automobile,with Youngman and Pang Da taking 60 and 40 percent stakesrespectively.[69][70][71]

    On 6 December, GM announced that it would not continue its licenses to GM patents and technology to SAAB

    if the company had been sold to Pang Da and Zhejiang Youngman, stating that the new owner's use of the

    technology is not in the best interest of GM investors. Because of this, Saab started working on a new proposal

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    which would not change the original ownership structure and would not include a Chinese partner as an owner

    of the company, but instead as a 50% owner of a new daughter company.

    On 19 December 2011 with no alternatives left after GM continued to block any form of involvement with a

    Chinese partner, SAAB officially filed for bankruptcy after a three-year fight for survival. Due to Sweden's

    bankruptcy laws, a party that files for bankruptcy can be bought out of bankruptcy. Therefore this may not yet

    be the end of SAAB.

    2012 - 3 billion claim[edit source|editbeta]

    In the aftermath, both Saabs CEO Victor Muller and Saabs Manager of Government Relations, Anna

    Petre,[72]have stated that the original deal with Pang Da and Youngman that would have given the two Chinese

    companies 54% of Saabs parent company, Swedish Automobile (SWAN), was cleared with GM.[73]The

    turbulence created by Saabs administrator, Guy Lofalk, leading the Chinese to believe they could take a 100%

    ownership, and the subsequent bid for 100% of SWAN, supposedly severely hurt the relationship with

    GM.[74]Muller blamed Guy Lofalk for the collapse of the talks. He claims that Lofalk had led the Chinese

    investors to believe they could become sole owners of the company. Muller also said he knew that sole

    ownership was impossible. GM's had strong concerns about licenses. "Until this problem arose the relationship

    with GM was excellent," Muller said.

    There is some doubt as to the validity of both Muller and Petre's opinions. Since 26 January 2010 Saab was

    managed by the board, Victor Muller presiding. It is very likely that these Chinese companies have based their

    decision to end the talks upon the dire situation of Saab not just upon the percentage of ownership. The board

    was in control for more than 20 months. During that period the board was confronted with declining sales and

    eroding confidence of suppliers (Saab did not pay them). The result was a complete stop of production. The

    overall management, and not the action of one person (Guy Lofalk) was responsible for the ever worsening

    state of Saab.

    Victor Muller, as CEO of Spyker cars, is now suing General Motors and claims they are accountable for the

    bankruptcy of Saab.[75]Victor Muller: "Ever since we were forced to file for Saab Automobiles bankruptcy in

    December of last year, we have worked relentlessly on the preparation for this lawsuit which seeks to

    compensate Spyker and Saab for the massive damages we have incurred as a result of GMs unlawful

    actions". Obviously Victor Muller changed his opinion and now blames General Motors instead of Guy Lofalk.

    In June 2013 the claim was dismissed by a US federal judge.

    On 29 January 2012 the receivers handling Saabs bankruptcy stated that discussions were being held with 4

    5 interested parties that had the intention of buying Saab out of bankruptcy.[76]Parties that publicly have shown

    interest are China'sYoungman,IndianMahindra and Mahindraand the Turkish private equity firm Brightwell

    Holdings. On 14 February 2012 the receivers of the bankruptcy let the press know that there were now six or

    seven interested parties to buy Saab as a whole and restart production of Saab vehicles and that they aimed to

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    have a final candidate before the end of February.[77]On March 6, 2012, three companies placed bids for

    complete SAAB Automobile buy out; Mahindra and Mahindra and Youngman with bids in the region of

    US$300m-400m,[78]and Tata Motors with a bid of US$350m, which was later denied.[79]

    On April 10, 2012, many documents regarding the bankruptcy became official and the deadline for final bids of

    Saab Automobile was reached. Since the first reconstruction in 2009, Saab has gathered a debt of

    approximately 1.3billion. The total value of all assets has been found to be approximately 360m. The

    potential sale of Saab will therefore mean that many with claims on Saab Automobile will be without money.

    GMs claim of approximately 220m will be prioritized because it consists of preference shares. The handful of

    previous interested parties in buying Saab Automobile out of bankruptcy have all been confirmed to have

    handed in final bids and are all intending to produce Saab cars in Trollhttan in one form or another. The

    receivers hope to have a deal done before summer. The receivers have also found that the sale of the Saab

    Automobile property in summer of 2011 may not have been legitimate and the property may have to be

    returned to Saab.[80][81][82]

    On 16 April 2012, a meeting on Saabs bankruptcy was held at the District Court of Vnersborg.[83]The official

    receivers in charge of the Saab liquidation valued the assets at us$500m and the debt at US$2,000m. After

    subtracting the value of the assets, Saab leaves a debt of US$1,500m.[84]

    On 29 May 2012,Saab AB(aerospace and defence company) CEO Hkan Buskhe spoke to the media for the

    first time in an interview regarding the bankruptcy of Saab Automobile.[85]Saab AB has the rights to the name

    Saab Automobile and has the possibility to block the use of the name for any potential buyer of Saab

    Automobile. He stated that as long as any potential buyer will continue production and development

    inTrollhttanthey will grant the use of the name but that they will block any deal with a buyer who has the

    intent of taking production and development outside the country. It is also mentioned that Saab AB has

    strategic partnerships with one of the interested parties in buying Saab Automobile, IndianMahindra,regarding

    aerospace and defence and that Saab AB is trying to sell itsJas 39 Gripenfighter jet to India. However, he did

    not want to comment onMahindra's offer on Saab Automobile.

    On 6 August 2012, Spyker, represented by the law firmPatton Boggsfiled a lawsuit against