History of Record

Siddiquea Aktar 11u

Printing • Printing is a process for reproducing text and image, typically with ink on paper

using a printing press. It is often carried out as a large-scale industrial process, and is an essential part of publishing and transaction printing.

• Development of printing was preceded by the use of cylinder seals in Mesopotamia developed in 3500 BC, and other related stamp seals.

• Offset printing is a widely used printing technique where the inked image is transferred from a plate to a rubber blanket, then to the printing surface.

• Digital printing accounts for approximately 9% of the 45 trillion pages printed annually (2005 figure) around the world. Printing at home or in an office or engineering environment is subdivided into: small format (up to ledger size paper sheets), as used in business offices and libraries. Wide format (up to 3' or 914mm wide rolls of paper), as used in drafting and design establishments

Audio • The first music is put on record: cornetist Jules Levy plays "Yankee Doodle." • Clement Ader, using carbon microphones and armature headphones, accidentally

produces a stereo effect when listeners outside the hall monitor adjacent telephone lines linked to stage mikes at the Paris Opera.

• Emile Berliner is granted a patent on a flat-disc gramophone, making the production of multiple copies practical.

• In 1986 The first digital consoles appear. • 1998 The Winter Olympics open with a performance of Beethoven's "Ode to Joy,"

played and sung by synchronizing live audio feeds from five continents with an orchestra and conductor at the Olympic stadium in Nagano, Japan, using satellite and ISDN technology.

• Golden Anniversary celebration held in New York on March 11, the exact date of the first AES meeting in 1948, with ten of the original members present.

• MP-3 players for downloaded Internet audio appear.

• In 1999 the Audio DVD Standard 1.0 agreed upon by manufacturers.