History of Genetics/ INTRO TO DNA
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History of Genetics/INTRO TO DNA
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(1) Gregor Mendel“The Father of Genetics”
•A Monk: Studied pea plants in in a garden
» Discovered dominant and recessive traits
http://www.nlm.nih.gov/visibleproofs/galleries/technologies/dna.html
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(2) Rosalind Franklin
•Created images of the DNA molecule that showed its spiral shape. http://profiles.nlm.nih.gov/KR/B/B/J
/N/
http://www.accessexcellence.org/RC/AB/WYW/wkbooks/SFTS/SFTSg/1.jpg
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(3) James Watson & Francis Crick
•These two scientists discovered the complete structure of DNA
•“The Double Helix”http://www.achievement.org/autodoc/photocredit/achievers/wat0-001
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The Structure of DNA
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(4) Shape•DNA has a
double helix shape
•
•If you took a ladder and twisted it, it would look like DNA
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Composition
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(5) 1. DNA is made up
of phosphates, sugars,
and bases (purines and pyrimidines)
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2. A nucleotide is made up of 1 sugar, 1
phosphate and 1 base
(Circle a nucleotide on your paper!)
(5)
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A Nucleotide
SUGAR
PHOSPHATE
BASE
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3. The nucleotides are connected together
by the phosphate and
the sugar
(Think: SSugars and PPhosphates=
“SSide PPoles” of the Ladder)
(5)
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A
G
G
T
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Purines Pair With PyrimidinesAdenine
Pairs With Thymine
Guanine
Pairs With Cytosine
(5)4.
•When the bases pair together, they form a Double Helix.
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A
G
G
T
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AA CC TT TT CC GG AA TT CC GG