History of American Farm Technology
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Transcript of History of American Farm Technology
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FOUNDATIONS OF AGRICULTURE AND NATURAL RESOURCES
History of American Farm Technology
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16th – 18th Centuries
Oxen and horses for powerCrude wooden plows, all sowing by hand,
Cultivating by a hoeHay and grain cutting with a sickle and
threshing with flail
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1776-1799
1790 Cradle and Scythe Introduced1793 Invention of the cotton gin1794 Thomas Jefferson’s Moldboard plow
tested1797 Charles Newbold patented first cast-
iron plow
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1800-1829
1819 Jethro wood patented iron plow with interchangeable parts
1819-1825 U.S. Food canning industry established
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1830’s
1830 About 250-300 labor hours required to produce 100 bushels of wheat (Five Acres).
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1834 McCormick reaper patented John Lane began to manufacture plows faced
with steel blades
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1837 John Deere and Leonard Andrus began manufacturing steel plows
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1840
1840’s the growing use of factory made agricultural machinery increased farmers’ need for cash and encouraged commercial farming
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1840’s
1841 Practical grain drill patented 1842 First grain elevator, Buffalo, NY 1844 Practical mowing machine patented1847 Irrigation began in Utah1849 Mixed Chemical Fertilizers sold
commercially
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1850’s
1850 about 75-90 labor hours required to produce 100 bushels of corn 2 ½ acres
1850-1870 Expanded market for ag products brought adoption of improved technology and resulting increase in farm production
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1850’s
1854 Self governing windmill perfected1856 2 horse straddle row cultivator
patented
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1860’s
Change from hand power to horse 1865-75 Gang plows and sulky plows came
into use 1868 Steam tractors were tried outSpring tooth harrow or seedbed preparation
appeared
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1870’s
1870’s silos came into use Deep well Drilling first widely used• 1874 Glidden barbed wire patented• Availability of barbed wire allowed fencing of
rangeland, ending era of unrestricted open-range grazing
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1880’s
William Deering put 3000 twine binders on the market
1884-90 Horse drawn combine used in Pacific coast wheat areas
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1890’s
1890-95 Cream separators came into wide use 1890-99 Average annual consumption of commercial
fertilizer 1,845,900 tons
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1890’s
Agriculture became increasingly mechanized and commercialized
1890 35-40 labor hours required to produce 100 bushels of corn 2 ½ acres
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1900’s
1900-1909 Average annual consumption of commercial fertilizer 3,738,300 tons
1900-1910 George Washington Carver, pioneered in new uses for peanuts, sweet potatoes, and soybeans, thus helping to diversify southern agriculture
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1910’s
1910-1915 Big open geared gas tractor came into use in areas of extensive farming
1915-20 Enclosed gears developed for tractors
1918 Small prairie-type combine with auxiliary engine introduced
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1920’s
1920-1929 Average annual consumption of commercial fertilizer 6,845,800 tons
1920-40 Gradual increase in farm production resulting from expanded use of mechanized power
1926 Successful light tractor developed
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1930’s
1930 One farmer supplied 9.8 persons in the United States and abroad
15-20 Labor hours required to produce 100 bushels of corn
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1940’s
1945 Change from horses to tractors – The second great ag. Revolution
10-14 labor hours required to produce 100 bushels of corn
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1950’s
1950-59 Average annual consumption of commercial fertilizer 22,340,666
1950 One farmer supplied 15.5 persons in the U.S. and abroad
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1950’s
1954 Number of tractors on farms exceeded the number of horses and mules for the first time
1955 6½ labor hours required to produce 100 acres of wheat
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1960’s
1960 One farmer supplied 25.8 persons in the United States and abroad
1965 5 labor hours required to produce 100 bushels of wheat
1965 Federal loans and grants for water/sewer systems began
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1970’s
1970 No tillage Ag. Popularized One farmer supplied 75.8 persons in the U.S.
and abroad 1975 3½ labor hours required to produce 100
bushels of corn
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1980-1990
1980’s More farmers use no till or low till 1987 2 ¾ hours required to produce 100
bushels of corn 1 1/8th acre1989 More farmers began to use low input
sustainable agriculture to decrease chemical applications