Hist 44 The Mexcian-American in United States History · • Proclamation of Las Gorras 1890 •...
Transcript of Hist 44 The Mexcian-American in United States History · • Proclamation of Las Gorras 1890 •...
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Topics
• Mexican-Americans 1848-1900 (Southwest)
• Tuesday Sept. 30 Exam 1
– Scantron
– Bluebook
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I. 1848-1900 the 1st Mexican-
American Generation
II. 1900-1929 Mexico Lindo Generation or Immigrant Gen.
III. 1930-1964 Mexican-American Generation
IV. 1965-1979 Chicano Generation
V. 1980-2000 Hispanic/Latino Gen.
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Explain how the 1st generation of Mexican-Americans dealt with the political and social changes in the U.S. Southwest after the signing of the Treaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo in 1848.
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Compromise of 1850
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1848-1900
Economy
Political
Control
Resistance Socialization
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Santa Fe Ring
• Group of lawyers & land speculators
• Largest landowners in New Mexico
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San Luis Colorado 1851 Land Grant Sangre de Cristo
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Doña Maria Gertrudis Barceló Doña Tules 1800-1852
• Santa Fe, New Mexico
• Independent business woman
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Miguel Antonio Otero
• Governor of New Mexico Territory 1897-1906
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Elfego Baca 1865-1945
• Deputy Sheriff in Socorro, NM
• Frisco Shootout with Texans 1884
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Las Gorras Blancas, Las Vegas, NM
• Founded in April 1889 by brothers Juan Jose, Pablo, and Nicanor Herrera
• Proclamation of Las Gorras 1890
• “Our purpose is to protect the rights and interests of the people in general; especially those of the helpless classes.”
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• Newspaper La Voz de Pueblo
• Santa Fe, NM 1889
• 1890 People’s Party (Partido del Pueblo Unido )
• Hispanics & Anglos
• Alternative to Democrats & Republicans
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New Mexico Constitution 1912
• ARTICLE II - BILL OF RIGHTS
• Sec. 5. [Rights under Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo preserved.]
• The rights, privileges and immunities, civil, political and religious guaranteed to the people of New Mexico by the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo shall be preserved inviolate.
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Arizona • Tucson
• 500 Mexican pop.
• Few Anglo-Americans in southern Arizona
• Apache Threat – Forces bicultural cooperation
• April 1874 Camp Grant Massacre
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• Geronimo captured in 1886
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• Pedro Aguirre 1852
• Merchant
• Estevan Ochoa 1831-1888
• Tucson Mayor 1876
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Don Mariano G. Samaniego 1844-1907
• Fought for the rights of the Mexican immigrants
• Encourage participation in the U.S. political process
• Leader of Tucson
• Supports Alianza Hispano-Americana 1894
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• History of Chicanos in Southern Arizona pt. 1
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PW6n9hMzVEY&feature=related
• History of Chicanos in Southern Arizona pt. 2
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dyGIhetHqEg&feature=relmfu
• History of Chicanos in Southern Arizona pt. 3
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=N1R2W7e0eNY&feature=relmfu
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Mariano Vallejo 1807-1890
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• Sept. 1849 Monterrey
• 7 californios
• 1849 Constitution
– Based on NY state’s Constitution
– Prohibited Slavery
– Required laws to be published in 2 languages
– Granted women the right to own property
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1849 California Constitution
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1849 California Constitution
• ARTICLE XI.
• Sec. 21. All laws, decrees, regulations, and provisions, which from their nature require publication, shall be published in English and Spanish.
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1848-1900
Economy
Political
Control
Resistance Socialization
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Diseño del Rancho de San Juan Bautista : [Santa Clara Co., Calif.]
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1851 California Land Act • Provided that claims to all lands in California be
presented within two years of the date of the act
• Many people didn’t know the requirements and therefore lost their land
• 200 families 14 million acres
• 1880-1890 only 5 % of Californios landowners
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1848-1900
Economy
Political
Control
Resistance Socialization
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1855 Vagrancy Act Greaser Act
• Defined vagrants as “all persons who [were] commonly known as ‘Greasers’”
• Anti-loitering act
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Gold Rush Jan.24 1848
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"California News"
A New York paper reported in 1849
that "gold news has unsettled the
minds of even the most cautious and
careful among us." (Gilman Paper
Company Collection)
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"California News"
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.
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View of the Place of Anchorage at Yerba Buena
(1846 hand-colored lithograph) F. Teschmaker
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E. Godchaux Vue de San Francisco, 1851
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Sunday Morning in the Mines by Charles Nahl
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• 48ers
• 49ers
• 3 Routes
– Around the Horn
– Via Panama
– Overland
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The California Gold Rush
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• Sutter’s Mill January 24, 1848
– James Wilson Marshall
– Sam Brannan
– 48ers
– Polk’s Message Dec.5, 1848
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Sonora
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48ers Sonorans
Batea Arrastre
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Nativism: a policy of excluding immigrants and non-whites
• Attacks on Chileans
• 1850 Foreign Miners’ Tax
• Lynching of Juanita
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Attacks on Chileans
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The Lynching of Juanita 1851
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Joaquin Murrieta
• Sonoran miner
• Brother & father killed
• Band of 5 Joaquins
• Bernardino Garcia ( 3 finger jack)
• California Rangers capture 3 finger Jack and one of the Joaquins
• http://www.laits.utexas.edu/jaime/cwp4/JMG/corido.html
• El Corrido de Joaquin Murrieta
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vBg6n0rosYc&feature=related
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yJ7irflWmm8
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Tiburcio Vasquez 1835-1875 Californio
Monterey family
“A spirit of hatred and revenge took possession of me. I had numerous fights in defense of what I believed to be my rights and those of my countrymen. I believed we were unjustly deprived of the social rights that belonged to us."
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Californios
• Antonio Coronel • Pio Pico
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Maria Ruiz de Burton 1832-1895
• Born in Baja California
• Married Henry S. Burton & moved to Monterey, CA
• 1853 Rancho Jamul
• Legal battle to keep her property
• Author: Who Would Have Thought It? (1872) and The Squatter and the Don (1885).
• First Mexican-American to write in English
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12th Governor of California ( was not elected) February 27, 1875 – December 9, 1875
Romualdo Pacheco
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El Clamor Publico 1855-1859
Franciso P. Ramirez http://vimeo.com/25162915
• Supporter of American democracy and equality
• Called for political participation & assimilation
• “... let us divest ourselves of all bygone traditions, and become Americanized all over—in language, in manners, in customs and in habits.” June 18, 1859, editorial in English
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1857 Californio Migration
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