HISPANIC ART: 20th Century Artists

GOALS Identify artists from Spain

Pablo Picasso Salvador Dalí

Identify how customs and beliefs of Spain are reflected in its art forms and work. Guernica The Persistence of Memory

Recognize some of Spain’s artistic contributions to the world community.

SPANISH ARTISTS OF THE 20TH CENTURY

TWO GREAT ARTISTS OF 20TH CENTURY

Pablo Picasso (Málaga, España) Best known for his

“Cubism” pieces Also known for

symbolism and surrealism

Considered “Father of Modern Art”

Sculpture Poetry and Playwright Draughtsman

Salvador Dalí (Cataloña, España) Best known for his

surrealism pieces Also known for

avant-garde, cubism, nuclear mysticism

Film surrealism Autobiography Salvador Dalí

Museum, Figueres, España

“Art is a lie that makes us realize the truth” —Picasso

PABLO PICASSO (1881-1973) Blue Period

(1901-1904)Period of Focus on

the Poverty and Inequality in Spain

Characterized by blue and green tones

The Old Guitarist (1903)

Rose Period (1905-1907) Warmer feel than the

Blue Period Characterized by pink

and orange tones Use of Harlequins

(comedic figure) as subject matter

Influenced by French artists

Garçon à la pipe (1905)

African-Influenced Period (1907-1909) Characterized by use

of African elements in paintings

First seen in painting Les Demoiselles d’Avignon

Use of “masks”

Mother and Child (1907)

Classicism, Surrealism, and Symbolism (1920s) Classic example of Symbolism is Guernica

Commissioned by Spanish Republican Government, 1937, in response to bombing of Basque town of Guernica by the Germans during Spanish Civil War

Majority of victims were women and children, elderly men, and animals.

Symbolizes the tragedy of war Symbolism

Shape and posture of figures Colors of black, gray, and white Flaming buildings Newspaper print Light bulb Broken sword

Guernica

Analytic Cubism (1909-1912)Use of

monochromic palate of browns and grays

Synthetic Cubism (1912-1919)Characterized by

addition of cut paper

First use of collage in fine art

Portrait of Daniel-Henry Kahnweiler (1910)

Three Musicians (1921)

OTHER PICASSSO PROJECTS Sculpture

Chicago Picasso (1967)

Draughtsman

PoetryWrote over 300

poems between 1935 and 1959

PlaysDesire Caught by

the Tail (1941)Four Little Girls

(1949)

“I am painting pictures which make me die for joy.” --Dali

SALVADOR DALI(1904-1989)

SurrealismDalí’s Repeating Symbolism

Elephants Eggs (hope and love) Ants (death and decay) Locusts (waste and fear) Snail (human head)

The Persistence of Memory (1931) Homage to Einstein’s Relative Theory of Time

Cubism

Portrait of a Seated Person Holding a Letter (1923)

Avant-Garde Bulletism Holography (first) Optical Illusion

The Dali Atomicus (1948)

Nuclear Mysticism Inspired by

quantum physics and the atom

Combination of symbolism and optical illusion

The Hallucinogenic Toreador (1968-1970)

OTHER DALÍ PROJECTS Film

Collaborated with film director Luis Buñuel on Un Chien Andalou (1929)

L’Age d’Or again with Luis Buñuel (1930)

Dream sequence in Alfred Hitchcock’s Spellbound (1945)

Impressions of Upper Mongolia (1975)

Destino with Walt Disney (posthumous completion 2003)

Literature: The Secret Life of

Salvador Dali (1942) Diary of a Genius

(1952-1963) Architecture

Dalí Theater and Museum in Figueres, España

House in Port Lligat Castle in Púbol

LOS ARTISTAS DE ESPAÑA DEL SIGLO XX

Pablo Picasso

Cubism SalvadorDalí

Surrealism