The Proceedings of International e-Learning Conference 2015

July 20-21, 2015BITEC Bangna, Bangkok, Thailand

Thailand Cyber University Project, Office of the Higher Education Commission

http://iec2015.thaicyberu.go.th

International e-Learning Conference 2015July 20-21, 2015, Bangkok, Thailand

Conference Information

Aims1. To be a stage for exchanging knowledge, innovative practices and experiences on e-Learning among Thai

and international educators, researchers, faculty, and students.

2. To assemble knowledge on every aspect of e-Learning from Thai and international educators, researchers,

and faculty and to create the e-Learning knowledge asset.

3. To expand e-Learning knowledge to educators, researchers, faculty, and students via website, journal,

publication, etc.

Conference Theme Global Trends in Digital Learning.

Conference Sub-Themes 1. Trends and Directions of Digital Learning

2. MOOCs

3. Diversity of Technology in Education

4. M-Learning

5. Social Learning and Social Media

6. Emerging Technology for Online Education

7. Virtual Reality Applications

8. Educational Cloud

9. Learning Analytics

10. Gamification

Events 1. Lectures from keynote and invited speakers.

2. Paper presentation.

OverviewThe Thailand Cyber University Project (TCU), Office of the Higher Education Commission, Ministry of Education

has an aim to promote e-Learning by cooperating with national and international educational institutes.

The TCU, recognizing the importance of e-Learning knowledge management to create comprehensive

knowledge for educational personnel, has organized the International e-Learning Conference 2015 (IEC2015):

"Global Trends in Digital Learning" The conference objective is to assemble knowledge on every aspect

of e-Learning from Thai and international experts. Conference topics will include the quality and standard

of learning management and evaluation, effective utilization and implementation of new technologies,

understanding of new generation learners' behavior, and cost-effective and sustainable learning management.

The TCU will accumulate knowledge from the conference and produce the knowledge asset to be a reference

for educators, researchers, faculty and students.

The Sixth TCU International e-Learning Conference 2015 Global Trends in Digital Learning

July 20-21, 2015 BITEC Bangna, Bangkok, Thailand http://iec2015.thaicyberu.go.th

#IEC2015Thailand

15.10 – 15.30 Refreshment Break

Session C2 15.30 – 15.50 The Result of a Collaborative Learning Model on Web-Based

Instruction Using Learning Together (LT) for Enhancing Metacognition Sirinan Thanudca Surin Cortong Chaiyaphum Rajabhat University , Thailand

C2_1

Page 151

15.50 – 16.10

Hindsight Imbalance Online and Offline Life: Qualitative Feedback from Online Self Disclosure in Thailand Poonsri Vate-U-Lan Assumption University, Thailand

C2_2

Page 162

16.10 – 16.30

Development of Knowledge Transfer for Support Novice Researchers Pradit Songsangyos Rajamangala University of Technology Suvarnabhumi, Thailand Panita Wannapiroon King Mongkut’s University of Technology North Bangkok, Thailand

C2_3

Page 168

16.30 – 16.50

Improving Undergraduate Students’ Expectations Towards Learning Physics Through Blended Learning Model with Problem-Based Learning in Physics Course Phisit Suvarnaphaet Anirut Satiman Silpakorn University, Thailand

C2_4

Page 172

Day 1: July 20, 2015

Hindsight Imbalance Online and Offline Life: Qualitative Feedback from

Online Self Disclosure in Thailand

Poonsri Vate-U-Lan Ed.D.

Graduate School of eLearning, Assumption University, Bangkok, Thailand

poonsri.vate@gmail.com

ABSTRACT

Internet technologies, especially social

networking and instant messaging,

reform people’s life style. Both online

and offline activity attract users due to

interest and necessity which may impact

on the work life balance for many people.

This research paper reports a qualitative

result of a larger study which aimed to

explore the knowledge, attitudes,

opinions, behaviors and perceptions of

Thai people in regards to their use of the

internet, social networking services and

computer games. The research survey

was conducted through the social

networking using a self-administered

questionnaire in Thai. Totally, there

were 838 participants in this online

survey. All details of demographic

background are reported below in the

article. There were approximately 253

respondents who expressed their opinion,

knowledge, behaviors and perceptions.

This research paper analyzes the key

responses into various categories and

selects some examples for presentation.

The research found that people disclosed

their ideas in detail which reflected the

risks involved spending too much time

on the Internet. The imbalance of life

style, computer vision syndrome and

Internet addiction were commented

upon frequently in the feedback from

participants as the major concerns for

the majority of the informants.

Keywords

Computer games, Internet addiction,

Internet usage, problem work-life balance,

opinion, perception, qualitative feedback,

social networking

1) INTRODUCTION

The explosion of Internet technology is

characterized by an abundance of

“trappings” on occasion impact on the

obstacles of time and space to the

detriment of the user (Pew Research Center,

2015). There are positive aspects such as

the potential and function of social network

technologies to encourage people connect

to others all over the world on their

computer screen to maintain and

strengthen familial relationships, and

communicate effectively. There are also

other benefits that include research

collaboration within industry and academia

among many other positive factors. The

social networkers can, though, be

overwhelmed in an abundant number of

relationships through the Internet whilst it

is hard to prove that the quantity of these

associations is beneficial to a person’s

wellbeing.

The overuse of Internet technology

increased dramatically since the push

technology from social network web site

and instant messaging application (GfK

Bluemoon, 2011). The impact lead to

increased Internet addition and computer

vision syndrome given that a proportion of

users’ mental and physical health were

threatened (Owen, Sparling, Healy,

Dunstan, & Matthews, 2010). To examine

the root of problems, this current research

focuses on the main objective as

comprehending the Internet users’ behavior

and their attitudes toward and perceptions

to social networking technology and

computer games. This current paper will

disclose the broad information captured

162

within qualitative component of the study.

2) RELATED LITERATURE REVIEW

Traditional online activities influence

mainly people’s work and business. Many

parents provide mobile devices for security

reason for their children in Thailand.

People regularly spent time doing various

tasks on social network including post, like,

share, monitor and send stickers.

Research in developed country such as the

United States of America (USA) and

Australia, showed that the majority (85%)

of teenager 18-24 years of age agreed that

mobile devices were a central part of

everyday life (GfK Bluemoon, 2011; Pew

Research Center, 2015; Salesforce, 2015).

Nearly all (94%) of persons in this age in

Australia and U.S.A. are active online

through their mobile devices seven days a

week (Lenhart & Page, 2015). Users who

own smart phones tend to connect and

immerse themselves into the Internet more

often (Smith, 2015) while the tracking

system research in U.S.A. found that the

average hours spent on smartphone was 3.3

hours a day (Salesforce, 2015) while the

average hours spent on social networking

only was even higher being 3.7 hours a day

(Zocial, inc, 2014). Other research

compared 30 countries which represented

70 per cent of the world’s population

ranked Thailand at the seventh for viewing

smart phone screens with had average of

167 minutes per day (Brown, 2014).

Nigeria was ranked the first within the

world as having an average viewing time

on smart phone screens of 193 minutes per

day (Brown, 2014). Another research

survey collecting data with international

private university students indicated that

this group spend longer than 25 hours per

weeks on the Internet and majority of them

(70%) were rated as Internet addicts

according to the Internet Addiction Test

written by Kimberly Young (Park, 2012).

The annual report of the Internet found that

the average hours spent on line for Filipino

teenagers was 6.3 hours with social

networking occupying 4 hours a day

(Brown, 2014) as opposed to Australians

teenagers who averaged around 4.1 hours

of daily online activity with only 1.2 hours

spent on social networking (We Are Social

Singapore, 2015).

A research firm focused on Asian Pacific

Countries (APAC) concerning the social

network activity compared to population of

the country and reported that the average

global usage was 29 per cent while average

of APAC was lower at 27 per cent. The top

five countries of social media used in

APAC were 1st Singapore, 2

nd Taiwan, 3

rd

were Brunei and Hong Kong as equal, 4th

was the Maldives and 5th

was Australia {91,

71, 66, 59 and 58% respectively} (We Are

Social Singapore, 2015). These figures

indicate that almost all Singaporeans were

active on the social networking, while

Thailand was ranked at the eighth with 52

per cent of active users on social media

comparing to the overall population (We

Are Social Singapore, 2015).

A further study found that people who

overuse of technology face at least two

obstacles: too little exercise and too much

sitting which leads illness (Owen et al.,

2010). Non-exercise behaviors can be

differentiated into two types 1) sedentary

behavior or sitting, lying down, and

expending very little energy (only about

1.0-1.5 metabolic equivalents), and 2)

light-intensity activity or standing, self-

care activities, and slow walking as these

activities require low energy expenditure

(only about 1.6-2.9 metabolic equivalents)

(Owen et al., 2010). The American

Academy of Pediatrics recommended

parents play an important role and restrict

screen time including television, DVDs,

and video games as declared not more than

two hours per day for children and

teenagers (Owen et al., 2010; Sallis, 2014).

The Taiwanese Government revised the

Protection of Children and Youths Welfare

and Rights Act to control future problems

on computer technology addiction, under

163

this law parents can be fined up to

US$2,150 if found that their children have

allowed to use electronic products to an

extent that causes them to become ill,

either physically or mentally, this agenda is

to stop children under 18 year of aged from

spending excessive and an unreasonable if

not dangerous amount of time on electronic

devices (Lee Seok, 2015). This research

will be further discussed in regards to the

findings from the Internet users’ qualitative

feedback who disclosed their thoughts

through the online survey as the center

piece in this paper.

3) RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

The qualitative data of the Internet users

originated from the online self-

administered survey that aimed to elicit the

behavior of Thai computer users. The open

online questionnaire was the only research

instrument that invited participants without

incentives offered through social network

web site and the web board for general

purposes. To reduce the prospect that

respondents may quit the online form,

there was no compunction of any item

requiring a written answer so participants

were freely able to check any item that

they wanted thus the detail of each item

earned a different value. The overall

demographic information was found that

61.39%, n=493 were female, and 38.61%,

n=310 were male. The majority of

participants selected their highest

education as bachelor degree followed by

graduated level and secondary school

students (36.80, 34.47 and 28.73%

respectively). The occupations of

participants revealed that most were

university students, lecturers, secondary

school students and other which including

general employer, and business persons

(33.82, 33.70, 18.44 and 13.31%

respectively). Approximately half of

participants resided in Bangkok and the

rest lived outside the urban area (52.01 and

47.99%) with a number of Thai

participants who lived overseas

participating as well. The pattern of

participants’ age groups generally youthful

as 36.42 per cent were less than 20 years

old; 23.9 per cent were aged 21-30 years

old, 16.52 per cent were 31-40 years old

and 13.52 per cent were 41-50 years old,

and 9.64 per cent were older than 51 years

old.

4) QUALITATIVE RESEARCH DATA

AND DISCUSSION

The majority of respondents who provided

qualitative feedback were female (70.75%,

n=179 from 253 respondents). The analysis

of open-ended questions found that most

prevalent of the ideas responded to within

the survey both in short message or long

message was “Computer and mobile

technology have dual effects, it provides

benefits to increase precious knowledge

towards work, study, entertainment and so

on but the dark side of it occurs when

people addicted to it and relies on it

inappropriately.” There were many

meaningful insights of participants that are

presented in Figure 1 and then more detail

as follow.

Fig. 1 Word cloud of feedback

A secondary school male student

living in Bangkok answered:

“Computer skill is so important, time

management can assist people to enjoy

both on screen and real activity.”

164

A bachelor degree female living

outside Bangkok answered: “Thai

society cannot say no to immersion in

computer and Internet technology

especially the new generation who

grow up in the high technology

environment. The huge worry should

focus on children who do not clearly

understand what enough is and

appropriate. They can be affected from

their own innocence or miss advice

from the parents. Many parents

support their children in the wrong

direction which give extra

complimentary when their young

children have some computer literacy

and very good at playing computer

game. With this kind of opinion,

children misunderstood that having

computer skill is better than other

skills. The kids should be taught that

there are lots of violent games, or

video clip that not suitable to involve.

Watching online video is not safe to

children since it freely access and none

of legal warning. Thailand seems to be

at risk since, none of system aims to

prevent or shape an appropriate

behavior of computer users.”

A bachelor degree female living

outside Bangkok answered: “Presently,

people really love go on social

networking then ignore real society.

People do not care who are physically

present around them but try to know

more about who are in the digital

world. The Internet provides both pros

and cons.”

A bachelor degree male living outside

Bangkok answered: “Technology is

the same as a coin which has both a

head and a tail. People need to be

concerned critically when consuming

computer technology. The awareness

need to start from young age. The

anxiety is that on the Internet, there

was none of limitation to watch online

video or movie which is different from

television or theatre that provides

warning or having monitoring.

Children are at risk to be threatened.”

A bachelor degree female living

outside Bangkok wrote: “Everybody is

focused on the screen and social

networking. The real physical

environment was ignored. I feel sick

of this behavior.”

A graduated degree male living

outside Bangkok said: “We cannot live

without technology but we need to use

it wisely, and avoid being technology

slaves.”

A graduated degree female residing in

Bangkok reported that: “Today, people

need to balance their real life which is

offline with their online activity; I

would recommend to concern about

computer vision syndrome as spending

too long time continuously computer

really affected to human’s eyes.

Moreover, the wrong position while

sitting and working on computer

screen can cause physical problems.

Computer game can occupy your time

and be more attractive rather than

textbooks and serious subjects, thus

students need to be aware of their

responsibility; do not play computer

games for too long.”

A graduate degree male working as a

lecturer and living outside Bangkok

remarked: “Everywhere I been through,

I saw each have mobile devices,

almost 100 per cent just look at their

screens all the time even at the

restaurant, people sit together but

monitor their screen without care

people who stay there. They lack of

participation with the person seated

beside them. I worry that this kind of

situation will worsen in the future but I

cannot change anything myself. I do

not know what to do and who should

solve this problem.”

165

A graduate degree female working as a

lecturer and living in Bangkok stated:

“Entertainment is the most attractive

that influence to the today’s teenagers.

While they need to improve their

knowledge by surfing the Internet they

found too much information that leads

them to inappropriate activity.

Research skill on the Internet is

important for university students while

they lack practices to evaluate and

screen only reliable resources. How to

avoid plagiarism needs to be taught as

the ease of copy and paste is

problematic.”

A secondary school male student

residing outside Bangkok observed

that: “The Internet connects me to

many great resources but the capacity

and Wi-Fi are so limited in rural areas

of Thailand. I need to have a good

Internet signal, this is for security

reason and it should to be fair for

people with poverty in Thailand too.”

A secondary school female student

living in Bangkok remarked that: “I

am an eleventh grade student under 18

years old. I am badly addicted to the

Internet which cause me think that I

am a bad person. My regular routine

was being at home, starting surf the

net from 8-11 pm. on weekday, on

weekend I spent more time from 7 pm

to 3 am. I am the only one in family to

have near-sightedness and I found my

myopia increasing. I suffer neck;

shoulder and back pain and sometimes

feel severe pain. I know that all this

behavior is so hard but it is harder to

change. Who can help me? I do not

know any organization that can assist

me or my friends who have similar

symptoms or worse. Hopefully, my

message is worth something.”

A graduate degree senior male

working as a lecturer lived outside

Bangkok said: “I want Thailand to

devote serious consideration to stop all

harmful behavior apparently from the

Internet technology and social

networking. Too many serious cases

happen while no legal rule cures the

problems.”

These select cases reveal insights that are

critical importance of how the

overwhelming impact of Internet

consumption for many and problems with

social networking abuse without the formal

treatment and policy at development in

Thailand to what the downside on online

activities experienced by many. This

feedback echoes many similar observations

from participants dotted all over Thailand

which were too numerous to report in this

limited paper space. Given the evidence

reported from this survey this research

should be considered at organization and

country level to assist the formulation of

well-focused policies, advertising

campaigns, acts and laws to secure the

society from threats aspects of technology

poses for the Thai society.

5) SUGGESTION AND CONCLUSION

In light of recent findings, Thai

government needs to plan and implement

policies supported by the judiciary to

control and improve a quality of life in

relation to what is now a digital society. In

recent decades, Thais have become

increasingly sedentary, with many

occupations requiring spending time sitting

in front of computer screens. Parallel with

this change, evidence has emerged

identifying typical light-intensity activity

which all caused a novel risk factor for

cardio metabolic disease and all-cause

mortality while people are not independent

of time spent in exercise (Owen et al.,

2010). This work/life imbalance report

emanating from this research and an

abundance within quality academic

literature devoted to this concern provides

evidence that warrants further research to

inform processes that lead to new relevant

166

laws concerning balancing healthy online

and offline activities being activated in

Thailand. Thailand as same as many

countries needs to be aware and awakened

from the Internet and social networking

technology nightmare that can and does

impact on a proportion of the Thai society.

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คาสงสานกงานคณะกรรมการการอดมศกษา

ท 178 /2558 เรอง แตงตงคณะกรรมการพจารณาคณภาพ

ประเมนและคดเลอกบทความ (Peer Reviewers) เพอนาเสนอผลงานวจย ในการจดการประชมวชาการนานาชาตดานอเลรนนงป 2558 The Sixth TCU International E-learning Conference 2015

“Global Trends in Digital Learning” ------------------------------------------

สานกงานคณะกรรมการการอดมศกษา โดยสานกงานบรหารโครงการมหาวทยาลยไซเบอรไทย จดการประชมวชาการนานาชาตดานอเลรนนงป 2558 The Sixth TCU International E-learning Conference 2015 “Global Trends in Digital Learning” ในระหวางวนท 20-21 กรกฎาคม 2558 ณ ศนยนทรรศการ และการประชม ไบเทค ซงเปนการจดประชมนานาชาตประจาปทดาเนนการมาอยางตอเนองทกป โดยมวตถประสงคเพอเปนเวทแลกเปลยนความร ระหวางนกวชาการ นกวจย คณาจารย และนสตนกศกษา เปนการประมวลความรดานอเลรนนง ในทกดานทสาคญจากนกวชาการดานการศกษาทงในประเทศ และตางประเทศ โดยกาหนดใหมการบรรยายพเศษ จากวทยากรรบเชญทงใน และตางประเทศ และการนาเสนอผลงานวจยดานอเลรนนง

เพอใหการดาเนนการดงกลาว บรรลถงวตถประสงค จงกาหนดใหมกรรมการ โดยมองคประกอบ ดานการพจารณาคณภาพ และคดเลอกบทความ (Peer Reviewers) ประเมนเพอนาเสนอผลงานวจยดานอเลรนนง ดงน

1. ผศ.เชาวเลศ เลศชโลฬาร ทปรกษา 2. ผศ.สพรรณ สมบญธรรม ทปรกษากรรมการ 3. ผศ.ฐาปนย ธรรมเมธา ประธานกรรมการ

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รองผอานวยการสานกงานบรหารโครงการมหาวทยาลยไซเบอรไทย

/9.นอ.ผศ.ธงชย…

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คณะครศาสตร จฬาลงกรณมหาวทยาลย 15. ผศ.เอกนฤน บางทาไม กรรมการ

คณะศกษาศาสตร มหาวทยาลยศลปากร 16. ผศ.นามนต เรองฤทธ กรรมการ

คณะศกษาศาสตร มหาวทยาลยศลปากร 17. อาจารยอนรทธ สตมน กรรมการ

คณะศกษาศาสตร มหาวทยาลยศลปากร 18. อาจารยจารวรรณ กฤตยประชา กรรมการ

มหาวทยาลยสงขลานครนทร วทยาเขตสงขลา 19. อาจารยธรวด ถงคบตร กรรมการ

คณะครศาสตร จฬาลงกรณมหาวทยาลย 20. อาจารยพรสข ตนตระรงโรจน กรรมการ

คณะครศาสตร จฬาลงกรณมหาวทยาลย 21. อาจารยวรสรวง ดวงจนดา กรรมการ

ผอานวยการสานกการจดการศกษาออนไลน มหาวทยาลยศรปทม 22. อาจารยวตสาตร ดถยนต กรรมการ คณะศกษาศาสตร มหาวทยาลยเกษตรศาสตร 23. Prof. Yoshida Masami กรรมการ

Professor of Chiba University, JAPAN 24. Prof. Insook Lee กรรมการ

Professor of Sejong University, Korea (South) 25. Prof.Howard Combs กรรมการ

San Jose State University, United States 26. Prof. Mei-Yan Lu กรรมการ

San Jose State University, United States

/26.Assoc.Dr.Daniel…

-3-

27. Assoc.Daniel Tiong Hok Tan กรรมการ

Taylor's Education Group, Malaysia 28. Prof. Daniel Churchill กรรมการ University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of the People's

Republic of China 29. Prof. Yoshimi Fukuhara กรรมการ Meiji University, Japan

อานาจหนาท และความรบผดชอบ

1. พจารณาคณภาพ ประเมน และคดเลอกบทความ (Peer Reviewers) เพอนาเสนอผลงานวจยดานอเลรนนง

2. ประสานงานกบหนวยงานทเกยวของใหสามารถดาเนนงานไดตามวตถประสงค

ทงน ตงแตบดนเปนตนไป

สง ณ วนท พฤษภาคม พ.ศ. 2558