Hindi magazine November 2014

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;] ;fdGtzfxL g] kfn d] + a/ s/ f/ / x ;sL yL . O;s] ;fy xL ox eL hf] 8Þg] sL h¿/ t x} ls ef/ t–g] kfn ;Ldf s] klZrdL 5f] / sf] dxfsfnL c~rn d] + 5f] 6L–a} t8ÞL s0ff{nL jfnf cyjf pQ/ k|b] z laxf/ sf] ;} s8Þf] dLn 5"tf t/ fO{ jfnf e"–efu cfd cfbdL s] lnP cb[Zo cGt/ f{i6«Lo ;Ldf seL eL / f] sg] 6f] sg] jfnL gxL+ / xL . O; k"/ ] Onfs] d] + / xg] jfn] ef/ tLo cf} / g] kfnL v'zL–v'zL ckg] sf] bf] gf] + b] zf] + sL ;+tfg ;demt] / x] x} + cf} / efiff, wd{ d] + ;dfgtf s] sf/ 0f pgd] + cGt/ s/ gf a8Þf sl7g / xf x} . g] kfn Ps dfq P] ;f ljb] zL / fi6« x} , lh;s] gful/ s ef/ tLo ;] gf d] + etL{ lsP hft] x} + .

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d] + / xg] jfn] lxGb": tflgof] + ;] cleGg x} . / jLGb|gfy 7fs'/ sL sxfgL sfa'nL jfnf ;] ox aft emnstL x} ls pBdL k7fg lstgL b"/ ts kx'Fr hft] y] cf} / lxGb': tflgof] + s] lnP l;km{ k~hfa d] + xL gxL+, b"/ b/ fh Onfs] d] + eL hfg] kxrfg] e/ f] ;] s] ldq ;dem] hft] y] . ckmuflg: tfg sf P] ;f sf] O{ 3lgi7 gftf ckg] b";/ ] k8Þf] l;of] +, O/ fg of ;f] ljot ?; s] dWo PlzofO{ u0f/ fHof] + s] ;fy gxL+ / xf . s'n ldnfs/ , ckmuflg: tfg sL kxrfg blIf0f PlzofO{ xL x} , dWo PlzofO{ cyjf klZrd PlzofO{ gxL+ . dfnåLk sf eL 3lgi7 l/ Ztf ;lbof] + ;] >Ln+sf cf} / s] / n s] cnfjf ls;L cGo ljb] zL ;] gxL+ / xf x} . ha xd O; P] ltxfl;s k[i7e"ld sf] cf} / kf/ +kl/ s cg'ej sf] Wofg d] + / vt] x} + tf] ox aft ax't ljlrq nutL x} ls blIf0f Plzof d] + ;xof] u sL ck] Iff ;+3if{ s] bz{g Hofbf xf] t] x} + .

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cfjZostf sf] dx;"; s/ t] x'P slj ceo s'df/ g] ;fs{ ufg sL / rgf sL x} .

;xL cy{ sL / fhgLlt sf Wo] o dfgjtf sf] hf] 8Þgf x} . ox Ps

P] ;f zf: q x} hf] ;d: t dfgjtf sf] Ps cfk; d] + cfTdLo ;DaGw : yflkt s/ s] Ps cfbz{ ljZj lgdf{0f s] lnP lbzfaf] w s/ tf x} . cfbz{ ljZj sL kl/ sNkgf tyf cfbz{ ljZj lgdf{0f s/ g] sf k|of; dfgj ;Eotf s] z'?cftL ;do ;] xL xf] tf cfof x} . jt{dfg sfnv08 d] + dfgj åf/ f : yflkt ;+/ rgfcf] + sf] pbfx/ 0f s] tf} / k/ b] vf hf ;stf x} . P] ;L ;+/ rgfPF ;dfh s] cfwf/ e"t OsfO{of] + ;] n] s/ cGt/ f{i6«Lo: t/ ;+3 ;+: yfcf] s] ?k d] + sfd s/ / xL x} + . oBlk sltko dfgjLo : jfy{ z'? ;] xL cfbz{ ljZj s] lgdf{0f s] k|of; sf] cj?4 s/ t] cfP x} + . zfob oxL sf/ 0f x} ls Ifl0fs cf} / lgs[i6td lxtf] + sL k"lt{ s] lnP lsP hfg] jfn] / fhgLlts cEof; s] sf/ 0f / fhgLlt cf} / / fhgLlt1 ckgL ul/ df cf} / cfbz{ ;] b"/ hft] gh/ cft] x} + . sltko nf] uf] + sf dfggf x} ls / fhgLlt OG;fg OG;fg s] aLr b"/ L k} bf s/ tL x} , OG;flgot sf] afF6tL x} . ljZj sf jt{dfg / fhgLlts kl/ b[io / fhgLlt s] O; lgs[i6td\ : j¿k sL k'li6 s/ tf x} .

dfgj hLjg xd] zf ;] pTs[i6 k|lt cfslif{t xf] tf / xf x} . ox Ps P] ;L efjgf x} hf] cfbdL sf] cGo k|fl0fof] + ;] ljlzi6 agftL cfO{ x} . ox efjgf dfgj ;Eotf s] cl: tTj s] cf/ De ;] lg/ Gt/ ?k d] + ljsl;t xf] tL cfoL x} . ox sxgf a8Þf d'lZsn x} ls ox b'lgof dfgj ;Eotf s] pTs[i6 : j¿k sf] of cfbz{ ljZj lgdf{0f s] nIo sf] sa ts k|fKt s/ n] uL < jt{dfg kl/b[Zo d] + wd{, hflt, lnª\u, ;Dk|bfo, e"uf] n, / +u, efiff, hLjg z} nL, zlQm

cf} /

;d[l4 s] cfwf/ k/ xf] g] jfnL lje] bo'Qm / fhgLlt sf af] nafnf x} . xhf/ f] + nfvf] + glbofF nx"–n'xfg xf] r'sL x} +, s/ f] 8f] + x] S6] o/ hdLg ;LFr r'sL x} OG;fg s] v"g ;] , n] lsg x/ cfbdL s] v"g sf / +u nfn xf] tf x} ox aft OG;fg cfh ts gxL+ ;dem kfof x} . xfnf+ls OG;fg–OG;fg s] aLr b"/ L ld6fg] sL sf] lzz hf/ L x} n] lsg sltko / fhgLlts cfu|x k"jf{u|xf] + g] O; sf] lzz sf] xd] zf sdhf] / lsof x} . Sof / fhgLlt ;] Ot/ sf] O P] ;L rLh of dfWod xf] ;stf x} hf] OG;fg–OG;fg s] aLr sL b"/ L sf] ld6f ;s] < P] ;f sf} g ;f pkfo x} , hf] b'lgofe/ sL c;dfgtfcf] + sf] e'nfs/ ;f/ L OG;flgot sf] Ps ;fy v8Þf s/ ;s] <

pk/ f] Qm uDeL/ k|Zg sf pQ/ ls;L ;+j] bgzLn dg–dlitis d] + xL k|: km'l6t xf] ;stf x} . …k[YjLufgÚ s] dfWod ;] OG;flgot

sf] hf] 8Þg] sf k|of; sf] O{ ;dfGo aft gxL+ x} . uLt–;+uLt sL sf] O{ hflt gxL+ xf] tL . ox ljwf wd{, lnª\u, ;Dk|bfo, e"uf] n, / +u, efiff, hLjg z} nL, zlQm cf} / ;d[l4 h} ;] ljifof] + ;] d'Qm x} . ox Ps P] ;L ljwf hf] ;Lw] ;Lw] OG;fg sL cfTdf sf] cfNxflbt s/ b] tL x} . k] 8Þf] + ;] 6"6s/ lu/ t] ;"v] kQf] ;] lgsntf gfb, em/ g]

s] kfgL d] + lvnlvnft] ;'/ , afbnf] + ;] lgsns/ 6k–6k s/ s] lu/ tL a"Fbf] + sf / fu cf} / 3g] h+unf] + ;] xf] s/ u'h/ tL x'O{ xjf sL ;'/ –nx/ L sf] ls;L ;f] r of dfGotf sL a] l8Þof] + d] + s} b gxL lsof hf ;stf . sf] on sL s"s xf] of eFj/ ] sL e'g–e'g, iff] 8;L

s] cfln+ug d] + 5nstL uu/ L sL 5k–5k xf] of lzz' sL lsnsfl/ of] + d] ahtL

;/ ud / fhgLlts cf} / ef} uf] lns ;Ldfcf] + s] kl/ jt{g s] ;fy ckgL k|fs[lts : j?k d] + sf] O{ km] / abn s/ tL x} + < uLt–;+uLt sL e"ldsf OG;fg åf/ f agfP uP lgod cf} / sltko ;gsk"0f{ k|fjwfgf] + ;] cnu Ps ;femf ljwf s] ¿k d] + xd] zf ljZj aGw'Tj s] ;xL cyf] {+ sf] dfgj hLjg d] + : yflkt s/ g] sL / xL x} .

@@ gjDa/ ;] sf7df+8" d] + z'? xf] g] hf / x] ;fs{ lzv/ a} 7s sL t} of/ L o'4: t/ k/ x} . ;fs{ s] ;b:o / fi6« ef/ t s] ljb] z dGqfno s] sd{rf/ L tyf g] kfn l: yt ef/ tLo / fhb"tfjf; s] k|yd ;lrj ceo s'df/ s] lnP !* jf+ ;fs{ lzv/ ;Dd] ng dxTjk"0f{ x} . cf;Gg lzv/ ;Dd] ng d] + ceo s'df/ s] bf] cnu JolQmTj ;fdg] cfP+u] . kxnf Ps s"6gLlts clwsf/ L s] ¿k d] +, cf} / b";/ f Ps slj s] ¿k d] + . ;fs{ s] cl: tTj d] + cfg] s] afb ;g\ !(*% d] + kxnL af/ af+Unfb] z sL / fhwfgL 9fsf d] + lzv/ ;Dd] ng cfof] lht lsof uof yf . cg] s cj/ f] wf] + s] afjh"b aLt] x'P #) jiff] {+ d] !& lzv/ ;Dd] ng ;kmntf k"j{s ;DkGg xf] r's] x} + . lk5n] # bzs d] ;fs{ ;Dd] ng cfof] lht s/ g] sf g] kfn sf]

9lxdflngLgjDa/ @)!$

tL;/ L af/ cj;/ ldnf x} . ;fs{ ;+u7g ckg] p2] Zof] + sf] k"/ f s/ g] d] + lstgf ;kmn / xf < ;fs{ ;+u7g sL Sof–Sof pknlAwofF / xL of ;fs{ ;+u7g s] p2] Zo sL k"lt{ x] t' pTkGg xf] g] jfn] Jojwfgf] + sf] b"/ s/ g] s] lnP ls; t/ x s] pkfo ckgfP hfg] rflxP h} ;] ljifof] + k/ uDeL/ ljrf/ –ljdz{ cf} / clws u[xsfo{ sL cfjZostf x} . aLt] # bzs cf} / !& lzv/ ;Dd] ngf] + d] + ;fs{ If] q sL hgtf sL efjgfTds ?k ;] ;fs{ ;+u7g ;] h'8Þ kfoL x} + of gxL+ < ox Ps ljrf/ 0fLo ljifo x} . lgZro xL cltly ;Tsf/ , sltko cf} krfl/ s ;df/ f] x, dLl8of sj/ ] h h} ;] sfof] {+ s] cnfjf ;fs{ s] lzv/ ;Dd] ng xd] zf ;] xL / +uxLg, efjxLg, gL/ ; cf} / cf} krfl/ s lqmofsnfkf] + s] aLr ;DkGg xf] t] cfP x} + . pb\3f6g ;df/ f] x s] bf} / fg cfof] hgstf{ / fi6« s] åf/ f k|: t't lsP hfg] jfn] wfld{s ;f+: s[lts k|: t'ltof+] s] k|lt km/ s dfGotf jfn] / fi6«f] + s] k|ltlglwof] sL : jfefljs pbf;Lgtf ;] z'? xf] g] jfnL gL/ ;tf sL lg/ Gt/ tf s] ;fy ;Dd] ng ;dfKt xf] hftf x} . jf: tj d] + ;fs{ ;Dd] ng sL z'?cft Ps P] ;] sfo{qmd ;] xf] gL rflxP lh; d] + ;fs{ ;+u7g s] ;eL / fi6«f] s] k|ltlglwof] + sf] efjgfTds?k d] + Ps ;"q d] + hf] 8Þ ;s] .

uLt–;+uLt cfTdfcf] + s] aLr efjgfTds PSoj4tf sfod s/ g] sf Ps dha"t cfwf/ x} . ox Ps P] ;L ;f] r x} hf] l;km{ ls;L …slj lrQÚ cf} / ;flxlTos dg sL ux/ fOof] + ;] xL k|: km'l6t xf] ;stL x} . uLt–;+uLt sL zlQm sf] slj ceo s'df/ g] dx;"; lsof cf} / Ps ;femf uLt sL / rgf sL hf] ;fs{ ;b:o / fi6«f] + s] aLr Pstf tyf ;xofqf sf jftfj/ 0f lgdf{0f s/ g] s] lnP k|] / 0ff uLt s] ¿k d] + ;fs{ufg agg] sL t} of/ L d] + x} . / fi6«Loufg of g] zgn PGyd sf d"ne"t p2] Zo nf] uf] + sf] Ps–cfk; d] + hf] 8Þgf x} . ox ;';Eo, ;';+: s[t tyf ;'lzlIft dfgj tyf dfgj ;dfh sL kxrfg eL x} . ls;L eL ;dfh of ;d'bfo sL ;Eotf p; ;dfh of ;d'bfo sL snf,

;+: s[lt tyf ;flxTo s] ljsf; ;] k|ltlalDat xf] tL x} . blIf0f Plzof If] q s] / fi6«f] + sf cToGt uf} / jzfnL cf} / ;d[4 Oltxf; / xf x} . xfnf+ls ;do s] ;fy / fHof] + sf lgdf{0f cf} / ljlgdf{0f xf] gf Oltxf; sL Ps ;Lv x} . / fHof] + s] u7g cf} / lj36g s] sf/ 0f Oltxf; s] kGgf] + k/ bh{ x} + . n] lsg ;flxTo, ;+: s[lt cf} / snf / fHof] + s] lgdf{{0f cf} / ljlgdf{0f s] jfh"b ckg] k|fs[t cl: tTj s] ;fy hLljt x} + . hxfF ts / fi6«ufg sf ;Gbe{ x} , ox ls;L eL / fi6« ljz] if sL tfTsflns kl/ l: ylt sf] k|: t't s/ tf x} . ljZj s] jt{dfg / fi6«ufg sxL+ / fi6«lgdf{tf sL k|zl: t s/ t] x} + tf] sxL+ / fi6«Lo Wjh sL cf/ fwgf s] ¿k d] + x} . sltko / fi6« s] / fi6«ufg o'4 cf} / ljb|f] x s] efj ;] k|] l/ t lbvfoL b] t] x} .

ljut nDa] ;do ;] ;fs{ s] lnP ;femfufg sL cfjZostf sf] dx;"; lsof hf / xf yf . O;L cfjZostf sf] dx;"; s/ t] x'P slj ceo s'df/ g] ;fs{ ufg sL / rgf sL x} . cf;Gg !* j] + ;fs{ lzv/ ;Dd] ng s] pb\3f6g ;q d] + ;fs{ ;b:o / fi6« aLr sfod ;DaGwf] + sf] efjgfTds ¿k d] + cf} / clws ;'b[9 agfg] x] t' ;b:o / fi6«f] + s] ;femf ufg cyf{t\ …;fs{ PGydÚsL / rgf tyf ;fs{ PGyd sf] ;+u7g

s] cflwsfl/ s ufg sL dfGotf b] g] s] lnP g] kfn ;/ sf/ s] ljb] zdGqL dfggLo dx] Gb| kf08] g] cfjZos kxn s/ g] sf cfZjf;g lbof x} . ox Ps P] ;f P] ltxfl;s cj;/ xf] uf ha g] kfn ;/ sf/ sL cu|;/ tf d] + z'? lsP hfg] jfn] ;fs{ufg ;] ;fs{ ;+u7g s] ;b:of] + sf] Ps ;femf uLt cf} / ;+uLt ;] ;fy–;fy rng] sL k|] / 0ff sf] goL pmhf{ ldn] uL .

;fs{ufgsf ljrf/ O; If] q s] lnP gof k|tLt xf] ;stf x} . n] lsg If] qLo tyf cGt/ f{i6«Lo ufg sL cj: yf k/ b[li6 8fn] + tf] sltko If] qLo tyf cGt/ f{i6«Lo ;+u7g O; ljrf/ sf] cjnDag s/ r's] x} + . blIf0f–k"jL{ PlzofoL / fi6«f] + s] ;+u7g -cflzofg_ åf/ f …cfl;ofg j] Ú sf] ;g\ @))*d] + cflwsfl/ s uLt

sL dfGotf bL . o"/ f] lkog ;+3 g] layf] j] g l;Dkmf] gL g+= ( -cf] 8 6' hf] o_ tyf clk|msL ;+3 g] …n] 6\; cn o"gfO6 P08 ;] lna|] 6 6'u] b/ Ú sf] zLif{s uLt agfof x} . pk/ f] Qm ;eL ;+u7gf] + g] : jLsf/ lsof x} ls k|rng d] + nfP uP uLtf] + g] ;b:o / fi6«f] + s] aLr cfk;L Pstf tyf efjgfTds P]Soa4tf sf] clws ;'b[9 lsof x} . blIf0f Plzof If] q sL ( k|d'v efiffcf] + d] + / lrt tyf ;b:o / fi6«f] + sL] kxrfg, ;Ddfg, tyf ;d[l4 k|lt ;dlk{t ;fs{ ufg g] kfn s] / ] l8of] u'l~ht xf] / xf x} . snf / fO{, ;'dL l;+x, ;/ nf / fO{, cfef d'sf?ª, ;kg l3ld/ ] , tyf / f] zg yklnof s] : j/ f] + sf] ;kg l3ld/ ] g] v"a;"/ t c+bfh d] + ;+uLta4 lsof x} .

;fs{ ;+u7gs] * ;b: o / fi6« g] kfn, ef/ t, dfnlbJ;, >Ln+sf, af+Unfb] z, e"6fg, kfls: tfg tyf ckmuflg: tfg sL / fi6«Lo efiffcf] + d] / lrt ;fs{uLt g] cfk;L ;xofqf s] åf/ f ljsf; tyf ;d[l4 sL cf] / cu|;/ xf] g] sf ;Gb] z lbof x} . O; uLtd] + pNn] lvt gfu tyf rLg kj{t ;fs{ sL k"jL{ ;LdfPF x} + . dxfj] nL >Ln+sf sL ;a;] nDaL gbL x} cf} / P8D; kLs ;a;] k"hgLo lzv/ . lwj] xL dfnlbE; sL ;/ sf/ L efiff x} . uLt d] + blIf0f PlzofoL / fi6«f] + sL hLjg / ] vf s] ¿k d] + axg] jfnL l;Gw', u+uf tyf a|Xdk'q sf j0f{g x} . O; If] q sL hLjGt ;f+: s[lts ljljwtf Pj+ cfk;L P]Soa4tf sL zlQm ;] nIo k|flKt sL cf] / cu|;/ xf] g] sL cfsf+Iff sf cg'i7fg lsof uof x} . zflGt, aGw'Tj cf} / ;femf ljsf; sL ;xofqf s] d"ndGq s] ¿k d] + / lrt ;fs{ufg ls;L ;df/ f] x of cf} krfl/ s ufg s] ¿k d] + xL gxL+ O;] ;fs{ / fi6« sL hgtf s] ;femfuLt s] ¿k d] + : yflkt s/ gf ;fs{ ;+u7g sL k|fyldstf sf ljifo aggf h?/ L x} . * ;b: o / fi6« sL hgtf s] xf] 7f] + k/ gfrg] jfnf ;fs{uLt lgZro xL Ps cfbz{ dfgj ;Eotf lgdf{0f s] k|of; d] + dLn sf kTy/ ;flat xf] ;stf x} , O; k|of; sf] ;fy{s c+hfd ts kx'Frfgf ;fs{ ;b: of] + sf st{Jo eL x} . lll

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lk5n] # bzs d] ;fs{ ;Dd] ng cfof] lht s/ g] sf g] kfn sf] tL;/ L af/ cj;/ ldnf x} . ;fs{ ;+u7g ckg] p2] Zof] + sf] k"/ f s/ g] d] + lstgf ;kmn / xf < ;fs{ ;+u7g sL Sof–Sof pknlAwofF / xL of ;fs{ ;+u7g s] p2] Zo sL k"lt{ x] t' pTkGg xf] g] jfn] Jojwfgf] + sf] b"/ s/ g] s] lnP ls; t/ x s] pkfo ckgfP hfg] rflxP h} ;] ljifof] + k/ uDeL/ ljrf/ –ljdz{ cf} /

clws u[xsfo{ sL cfjZostf x} .

;do–;Gbe{


# gj+a/ sf] g] kfn u[x;lrj ;'/ Iff cf} / v'lkmof ljefu s] k|d'vf] + sf]

;fy n] s/ hgsk'/ kx'+r] y] . p;L lbg ef/ tLo / fhb"t / +hLt / fo eL ckg] s'5 clwsfl/ of] + s] ;fy hgsk'/ d] + df} h"b y] . g] kfn ;/ sf/ d] + d+qL / x] ladn] +b| lglw cf} / hgsk'/ s] sO{ ;ef;b eL jxf+ sfkmL Jo: t lbv / x] y] . ;'/ Iff anf] + sL ufl8ÞofF hgsk'/ sL t+u ulnof] + ;] n] s/ ef/ tLo ;Ldf gfsf ts w"n p8ÞftL gh/ cf / xL yL . ;Ldf k/ / x] P;P;aL s] hjfg cf} / ef/ tLo ;'/ Iff clwsf/ L eL sfkmL Jo: t lbvfO{ b] / x] y] . ox ;a ghf/ f p; zV; s] cfudg sL t} of/ L s] lnP yf hf] cfh ljZj g] tf agg] sL stf/ d] + v8Þf x} . ox ;a t} ofl/ of+ ef/ tLo k|wfgd+qL g/ ] Gb| df] bL s] hgsk'/ cfudg sf] n] s/ xf] / xL yL . pgs] hgsk'/ e|d0f sf] n] s/ ;/ sf/ sf] ox lr+tf yL sL s} ;] pgs] e|d0f sf] lagf ls;L afwf la£g s] ;kmn agfof hfP . ef/ tLo b"tfjf; sf] ox lr+tf yL sL s} ;] ckg] k|wfgd+qL s] O; bf} / ] sf] P] ltxfl;s agfof hfP cf} / ;'/ Iff anf] + sf] b'lgof s] ;jf{lws y|] 6 d] + / x] df] bL sL ;'/ Iff Joj: yf sf] s} ;] rfs rf} a+b agfof hfP .

n] lsg Og ;a;] b"/ wg'iff cf} / dxf] Q/ L s] ufFj s] nf] u Og ;a lr+tf ;] b"/ O; aft sf] n] s/ v'z y] ls rnf] ca ts hf] eL x'cf n] lsg ca zfob pgs] lbg eL lkm/ g] jfn] x} + . lh; cR5] lbg sf cg'ej ;Ldf kf/ s] nf] u s/ / x] x} + of s/ g] jfn] x} + p;L cR5] lbg s] c;/ sf ;'vb cg'ej ;Ldf s] Ow/ s] nf] u eL s/ gf rfxt] x} + . cflv/ Otgf xs tf] agtf x} pgsf . ljsf; cf} / t/ SsL sL hf] aof/ blIf0f d] + ax / xL x} p; xjf sf emf] +sf Ow/ eL cfP .

df] bL ;] l;km{ ef/ t sL ;jf s/ f] 8Þ hgtf sf] xL pDdLb gxL+ alNs pgs] k8f] ; d] + / xg] jfn] tLg s/ f] 8Þ g] kfnL hgtf sf] eL x} . cf} / ;a;] clws pDdLb ef/ t s] ;a;] s/ LaL / x] ;jf s/ f] 8Þ dw] zL sf] x} . Sof] +ls g] kfn cf} / ef/ t d] + olb wfld{s, / fhgLlts cf} / s"6gLlt ;+a+w x} tf] dw] z cf} / ef/ t d] + kfl/ jfl/ s ;+a+w x} . g] kfn cf} / ef/ t s] aLr lh; kfl/ jfl/ s cf} / a] 6L–/ f] 6L s] ;+a+w k/ bf] gf] + b] z uj{ s/ t] x} + jx ;+a+w

b/ c;n dw] z s] ;fy xL x} . dw] z s] ;fy ef/ t sf v"g sf l/ Ztf sf] O{ cfh sf gxL+ alNs ox q] tfo'u ;] xL rnf cf / xf x} . dxfk'?if sx] hfg] jfn] eujfg / fd s] hdfg] ;] xL xdf/ ] aLr kfl/ jfl/ s l/ Ztf a+wtf cfof x} hf] k/ +k/ f cfh eL hf/ L x} .

g/ ] Gb| df] bL g] ckg] kxn] g] kfn bf} / ] s] ;do bf] gf] + b] zf] + s] ;+a+wf] + sL JofVof s/ t] x'P ;+;b d] + sxf yf ls ha lxdfno ;] akmL{nL xjfP+ rntL x} + tf] 708 xd] + eL

k+sh bf;

df] bL hL dw] z cf / x] x} + ÛÛÛ Sof cR5] lbg eL nf / x] x} + <

g] kfn sL ;+;b d] + lbP uP df] bL s] efif0f s] afb oxfF s] kxf8 ÞL ;d'bfo s] nf] u sfkmL k|efljt x'P cf} / pgs] dg d] + ef/ t sf] n] s/ hf] s'5 cfz+sfP+ yL jx b"/ xf] uoL .

ljrf/

11lxdflngLgjDa/ @)!$

dx;"; xf] tL x} cf} / ha ;"/ h oxfF lgsntf x} tf] udL{ sL tkg d] + xd eL hnt] x} + . xf] ;stf x} g] kfn cf} / ef/ t s] aLr P] ;] ;+a+w xf] + n] lsg dw] z s] ;fy ef/ t sf ;+a+w O;;] eL Ps sbd cfu] x} . ha ef/ tLo lqms] 6 6Ld sL hLt xf] tL x} tf] ufnL dw] zL hgtf sf] vfgL k8ÞtL x} . ha ef/ t ls;L v] n d] + g] kfn sf] x/ f b] tf x} tf] e2L uflnof] + sf ckdfg dw] zL hgtf sf] xL ;xgf k8Þtf x} . cf} / cfh ;] gxL+ alNs bzsf] + ;] P] ;] ckdfg ;xg] sf cflb xf] uof x} dw] z . zfob O;L OGthf/ d] + ls seL lbg abn] +u] cf} / seL tf] cR5] lbg cfPFu] .

lk5nL af/ xL df] bL s] hgsk'/ cf} / n'lDagL hfg] sf sfo{qmd to lsof uof yf . n] lsg ;'/ Iff sf/ 0f sf] n] s/ c+ltd ;do d] + pgsf ox bf} / f / 2 s/ lbof uof yf . O; va/ ;] dw] z sL hgtf d] + dfo";L yL cf} / O; aft sf] df] bL cR5L t/ x ef+k uP y] . zfob O;lnP pGxf] +g] lk5nL af/ xL ;+;b ;] xL ckg] cun] g] kfn e|d0f s] ;do hgsk'/ cf} / n'lDagL sf e|d0f s/ dw] z sL hgtf sL ck] Iff sf] hLljt / vf yf . / fhgLlt s] rt'/ lvnf8ÞL cf} / b"/ b[li6 / vg] jfn] g/ ] Gb| df] bL g] kfn s] ldhfh sf] cR5L t/ x ;demt] x} + . jf] g] kfn s] kxf8Þ d] + km} n] ef/ t lj/ f] wL dfgl;stf sf] eL ;demt] x} + cf} / dw] z sL hgtf sL ef/ t ;] ck] Iff sf] eL hfgt] x} + . zfob O;lnP ckg] lk5n] bf} / ] d] + pGxf] +g] g] kfn d] + / x] ef/ t lj/ f] wL dfgl;stf sf] rL/ g] sf sfd lsof cf} / O;d] + jf] sfkmL xb ts sfdofa eL x'P . g] kfn sL ;+;b d] + lbP uP df] bL s] efif0f s] afb oxfF s] kxf8ÞL ;d'bfo s] nf] u sfkmL k|efljt x'P cf} / pgs] dg d] + ef/ t sf] n] s/ hf] s'5 cfz+sfP+ yL jx b"/ xf] uoL . pgs] kxn] g] kfn e|d0f ;] Ps aft tf] to x} ls nf] u ef/ t sf] yf] 8f ax't sf] ; eL n] n] lsg df] bL s] k|z+;s h¿/ ag uP x} + hf] ef/ t sL gh/ ;] sfkmL ;sf/ fTds x} .

lk5nL af/ ;+;b ;] dw] z zAb sf k|of] u gxL+ s/ gf pgsL / 0fgLlt sf lx: ;f yf . xfnf+ls lagf dw] z sf gfd lnP df] bL g] jf] ;a s'5 sx lbof yf hf] ls dw] z sf] pg;] ck] Iff yL . n] lsg oxL+ s] s'5 tyfslyt a'l4hLjL g] tf O; ;+s] t sf] ;dem gxL+ kfP cf} / b'ik|rf/ s/ g] sL sf] lzz eL sL . n] lsg p;sf sf] O{ kmfobf gxL+ x'cf . dw] z s] s'5 tyfslyt wd{lg/ k] Iftf s] kIfw/ cf} / jfdk+yL ljrf/ s eL df] bL s] efif0f ;] v'z gxL+ y] cf} / ba] h'afg xL ;xL pgsL

cfnf] rgf s/ g] ;] kL5] gxL+ x6] . n] lsg afjh"b O;s] cfd dw] zL hgtf d] + df] bL sf] n] s/ pDdLb] + ceL eL a/ s/ f/ x} . dw] zL hgtf sf] cfh eL ox nutf x} ls df] bL s] k|: tfljt hgsk'/ cf} / n'lDagL ofqf s] afb oxfF s] / fhgLlts xfnft abng] jfn] x} + . v'b sf] ljsf; k'¿if s] ¿k d] + : yflkt s/ r's] g/ ] Gb| df] bL s] dw] z e|d0f d] + ljsf; sL sO{ kl/ of] hgfcf] + sL 3f] if0ff s/ g] sL t} of/ L rn / xL x} . dw] z s] sO{ lhnf] + d] + lzIff, : jf: Yo, s[lif, k"jf{wf/ ljsf; sL wf/ f axg] sL pDdLb x} , n] lsg dw] z sL hgtf lzIff, : jf: Yo, ljsf; ;] k/ ] s'5 cf} / xL rfxtL x} . ckg] ;Ddfg cf} / kxrfg s] lnP bzsf] + ;] ;+3if{/ t dw] zL hgtf df] bL ;] l;km{ Otgf rfxtL x} ls jf] pgs] O; ;+3if{ sf] ckgL cfjfh agfP+ . pgs] O; n8ÞfO{ sf] hfoh 7x/ fP . xd] + k"/ f osLg x} ls pgsf ;fj{hlgs ¿k ;] dw] z s] clwsf/ cf} / kxrfg s] af/ ] d] + af] ng] ;] p;sf c;/ xf] uf cf} / hf] ;+3if{ bzsf] + ;] rnL cf / xL x} p; ;+3if{ sf] s/ g] d] + dw] zL hgtf sf xf} ;nf a9Þ hfPuf . ox n8ÞfO{ tf] dw] zL hgtf sf] v'b xL n8ÞgL x} n] lsg df] bL h} ;] zV; olb Ps af/ ;fj{hlgs tf} / k/ p;sf lhqm s/ b] t] x} + tf] oxfF s]

zf;s ju{ k/ yf] 8Þf bafa tf] k8] uf xL .g] kfn O; ;do cTo+t xL ;+j] bgzLn

bf} / ;] u'h/ / xf x} cf} / dw] z d] + Ps chLa t/ x sL szdsz x} ckg] cfg] jfn] eljio sf] n] s/ . Ps t/ km oxfF zf;s ju{ s] åf/ f p;s] clwsf/ f] + sf] s'rng] sL sf] lzz sL hf / xL x} tf] b";/ L cf] / dw] zL / fhgLlt s] k/ st/ g] sf if8\o+q eL rn / xf x} . P] ;] d] + dw] z cfg] jfn] lbgf] + d] + sfkmL p7f k6s cf} / czf+t xf] g] sL cj: yf d] + cf ;stf x} . g] kfn sL xfO8«f] kfj/ kl/ of] hgf, c: ktfn cf} / : s"nf] + sL pmFrL-pmFrL Odf/ t] +, kSsL ;8Þs, 5fqf] + sf] ldng] jfnf : sf‘n/ zLk ;] dw] z d] + nug] jfnL cfu sf] zf+t gxL+ lsof hf ;stf . cf} / df] bL hL v'b sxf s/ t] x} + ls ef/ t teL zf+t cf} / ;d[4 ag ;stf x} ha p;sf Ps Ps k8Þf] ;L d] + ;'v cf} / r} g xf] . ef/ t s] ;a;] ghbLs cf} / v'nL ;Ldfcf] + d] + / xg] jfnf dw] z tf] l;km{ teL zf+t xf] ;stf x} ha p;] ;+ljwfg s] åf/ f / fhgLlts clwsf/ ldn hfP cf} / p;sL kxrfg sf] sf] O{ ;+s6 gxL+ xf] . g] kfn d] + dw] zL sf] af/ af/ ckgL / fi6«Lotf gxL+ atfgL k8Þ] cf} / dw] zL hgtf sf] af/ af/ v'b s] / fi6«jfbL xf] g] sf ;a"t gxL+ b] gf k8Þ] . lll

ljrf/


kfls: tfg d] + c•f hdfP a} 7] tyf jxL+ ;] ljZj e/ d] + O: nfdL

cft+s km} nfg] jfn] …cn–sfobf ;'k|Ldf] Ú tyf s'Voft cft+sjfbL cf] ;fdf lag nfb] g s] cd] l/ sL xdn] d] + df/ ] hfg] s] afb, nfb] g sL u2L ;Dxfng] jfn] cn hjflx/ L g] xfn xL d] + hf/ L ckg] %% ldg6 s] Ps jL8Lcf] 6] k åf/ f ef/ t sf] ckg] lgzfg] k/ n] g] sf ;g;gLk"0f{ v'nf;f lsof x} . pQm 6] k d] + sxf uof x} ls ca jx ckgL ;f/ L cft+sjfbL ultljlwof] + s] ;+rfng sf s] Gb| ef/ t sf] agfP+u] .

cn hjflx/ L s] O; v'nf;] g] hxf+ ef/ t ;/ sf/ sL gL+b p8Þf bL x} , jxL+ b";/ L cf] / g] kfn k/ p;s] k8Þg] jfn] vt/ gfs c;/ k/ g tf] g] kfnL dLl8of d] + sf] O{ rrf{ x} cf} / g xL / fhgLlts ulnof/ f] + d] + . tf] lkm/ , ef/ t s] ;fy g] kfn sL hgtf sL r} g sL gL+b 5Lg n] g] jfn] O; …v'nf;] Ú k/ oxf+ rfn" ;+;b ;q d] + cn hjflx/ L s] vt/ gfs O/ fbf] + sL rrf{ sf tf] ;jfn xL gxL+ k} bf xf] tf .

cn hjflx/ L s] O; r} sfg] jfn] km/ dfg k/ ef/ t ;/ sf/ g] hxf+ ckg] cfw] bh{g ;] clws ;+j] bgzLn / fHof] + d] + / ] 8–cn6{ hf/ L s/ lbof x} , jxL+ b";/ L cf] / ef/ t s] bf] bh{g ;] eL clws d'l: nd ;+u7gf] + g] eL cn hjflx/ L s] O; wdsL e/ ] km/ dfg sL 3f] / eT;{gf s/ t] x'P, ef/ t s] d';ndfgf] + sf] bxztubL{ s] ls;L eL lqmofsnfk ;] ] b"/ / xg] sL ckLn sL x} .

hflx/ x} ls cn hjflx/ L s] bxztubL{–;] G6/ agg] jfn] ;+efljt / fHof] + d] + laxf/ cf} / pQ/ k|b] z sf] ;a;] clws ;+j] bgzLn dfgf uof x} , Sof] +ls Og bf] gf] + xL / fHof] + sL ;Ldf g] kfn ;] h'8ÞL x} + cf} / bf] gf] + xL b] zf] + s] gful/ sf] + sf] Ps b";/ ] b] z

d] + lagf ls;L k|j] zf1f kq -kf;kf] 6{–jL;f_ s] cfg] hfg] sL ;'ljwf x} . O;s] ;fy xL ox eL ljz] iftf x} ls g] kfnL ;Ldf s] lhg–lhg : yfgf] + k/ cR5L–vf;L d'l: nd cfafbL x} , p; : yfg s] ;Ldf kf/ ef/ tLo uf+jf] +, s: af] + cyjf zx/ f] + d] + eL d';ndfgf] + sL j} ;L xL cR5L vf;L cfafbL x} . ;a;] a8ÞL aft tf] ox x} ls laxf/ cf} / o"kL tyf p;;] nu] g] kfnL ;Ldf d] + a;] d';ndfgf] + d] + clwsf+z u/ La cf} / hflxn x} + tyf d'ÝL e/ vft] –kLt] d';ndfg, g] tfcf] + tyf df} naL–d'Nnfcf] + s] ef/ L k|efj d] + x} + . kmn: j¿k, dhxa s] gfd k/ of dfd"nL ?ko] –k} ;] s] ;+rfng ;] pg ef] n] –efn] d';ndfgf] + s] aLr …bxztubL{Ú km} nfg] jfnf] ] + sL 3';k} 7 c;fgL ;] xf] g] sL ;+efjgf x} . ox ;xL x} ls ;eL d';ndfg …cft+sjfbL of bzxtub{Ú gxL+ x} +, n] lsg g] kfn–ef/ t ;Ldf If] qf] + ;] g] kfnL cf} / ef/ tLo k'ln; åf/ f ceL ts ks8Þ]

uP …e6snÚ h} ;] ;eL vf} kmgfs bxztub{ d';ndfg x} + . oxL lrGtf sf sf/ 0f ag hftf x} . klZrdL cf} / k"jL{ g] kfn cf} / ;Ldf kf/ s] s'5 P] ;] eL uf+j, s: a] Pj+ zx/ x} +, lhGx] + : yfgLo hfgsf/ …ldgL kfls: tfgÚ gfd ;] xL k'sf/ t] x} + . Sof] +ls, g] kfn d] + uf] xTof …k|lta+lwtÚ / xg] s] afjh"b jxf+ lbg–bxf8Þ] uf} P+ sf6L hftL x} +, lh;;] lxGb" hgdfg; sf] dfld{s kL8Þf xf] tL x} , lkm/ eL pg If] qf] + d] + cNk;+Vos xf] g] s] sf/ 0f jx s'5 s/ gxL+ ;st] x} + . O; k|sf/ s] ef/ tLo If] qf] + sL tf] O;;] eL abt/ l: ylt x} , Sof] +ls ef/ t d] + uf] xTof k/ k|lta+w gxL+ x} .

ca ox aft ls;L ;] eL n'sL–l5kL gxL+ / x uO{ x} ls lk5n] s'5 xL jiff{] + d] + g] kfn–ef/ t ;Ldf s] g] kfnL uf+jf] +, s: af] + cf} / zx/ f] + d] + ef/ L ;+Vof d] + Ps ;] a9Þs/ Ps 5f] 6] , a8Þ] cf} / eJo dl: hb–db/ ;f] + s] lgdf{0f x'P x} +, lhgd] + kfls: tfg ;lxt cg] s

cfj/0f

cnsfob] s] lgzfg] k/ s] jn ef/ t xL gxL+M g] kfn eL <

cfh cn–hjflx/ L sf cft+s ef/ t d] + ;g;gL km} nfP x'P x} hals g] kfn sL ;/ sf/ cf} / k'ln; of g] kfn s] d'l: nd ;+u7gf] + sL cf] / ;] p;sL 3f] / lg+bf Sof] + gxL+ sL uO{ < ;/ sf/ ckgL

sf/ {jfO{ sL 3f] if0ff Sof] + gxL+ s/ tL </fdfzLif

cn sfobf g] tf cn hjflx/ L


d'l: nd b] zf] + g] v'Nndv'Nnf efu lnof x} . atft] x} + o] xL j] dl: hb cf} / db/ ;] x} +, hxf+ kfls: tfgL–sZdL/ L z/ 0f lnof s/ t] x} +, : yfgLo nf] uf] + s] aLr 3'nldns/ ckgL efiff–e] if cf} / / xg ;xg sf] : yfgLo–cg's"n agft] x} + tyf df} sf kft] xL ef/ tLo ;Ldf d] ] + 3';s/ ckgL sf/ {jfO{of] + sf] cGhfd b] s/ g] kfnL l7sfgf] + k/ 5'k hft] x} + .

e} / xjf s] Ps o'js kqsf/ g] atfof ls …n'lDagL ;] ss/ xjf If] q d] + Og lbgf] + a's{] d] + ;h] o'js eL ufx] –aufx] lbvg] nu] x} + . pGxf] +g] atfof– Ps lbg jx ckgL df] 6/ ;fOlsn ;] n'lDagL ;] e} / xjf sL cf] / cf / x] y] . d'em;] cfu] Ps df] 6/ ;fOlsn sL lk5nL ;L6 k/ a} 7] a'sf{ kxgL Ps dlxnf a} 7L yL . crfgs t] h xjf d] + a'sf{ p8Þ uof cf} / ox b] vs/ d} + b+u / x uof ls jx ;jf/ dlxnf gxL+, clkt' Ps hLG; k} +6 cf} / cfw'lgstd h"tf kxg] Ps o'js yf . cflv/ Sof sf/ 0f yf pQm o'js åf/ f a'sf{ kxgg] sf <

dr{jf/ If] q s] Ps o'js g] tf] oxf+ ts atfof ls d'l: nd ax'n pQm If] q d] + ;ft–;f9Þ] ;ft km'6 nDa] go] r] x/ ] s] k7fgf] +, sZdLl/ of] + cf} / kfls: tflgof] + sf] lbvgf ;fdfGo aft x} . pGxf] +g] atfof …d} + ckg] gfgf hL s] oxf+ uof yf, b";/ ] lbg ;'ax d} +g] aun s] dl: hb ;] rf/ –kf+r nDa] sbsf7L s] go] r] x/ f] + sf] b] vf . d} +g] pg;] k"5 lbof cfknf] u sxf+ ;] cfP x} + < pgsf pQ/ yf – s/ fFrL ;] . dfdnf ;fkm yf ls j] nf] u kfls: tfgL k7fg y] . d} +g] k"5 lbof, cfk nf] u Sof] + cfP x} +, pQ/ ldnf– xdnf] u dhxa s] sfd ;] cft] –hft] / xt] x} + . n] lsg, ckgL aft abnt] x'P sxf j} ;] xdnf] u oxL+ / xt] x} + . oxL+ d'em] z+sf x'O{, n] lsg s/ tf Sof < oxf+ sf] O{ P] ;f lgsfo gxL+ x} , hxf+ O; t/ x sL ;"rgfP+ bL hf ;s] . cf} / : yfgLo k'ln; sf] O; t/ x sL hfgsf/ L ;] sf] O{ vf; dtna gxL+ .

e} / xjf s] xL lgjf;L vfg ;fxa atft] x} + ls jf: tljstf tf] ox x} ls O; ;/ sf/ sf] O; ;a;] s'5 n] gf b] gf x} xL gxL+, cGoyf ox ;demgf cf;fg x} ls bxztub{ g tf] ls;L wd{–dhxa sf xf] tf x} cf} / g xL pgsL sf] O{ hflt g b] z . cfh ha ox ;fkm xf] r'sf x} ls g] kfn d] + ef/ t lj/ f] wL bxztub{, PSzg s/ s] g] kfn d] + 5'kf s/ tf x} tf] oxf+ sL ;/ sf/ of k'ln; Sof] + xfy k/ xfy lbP a} 7L x} < cfh cn–hjflx/ L sf cft+s ef/ t d] + ;g;gL km} nfP x'P x} hals g] kfn sL ;/ sf/ cf} / k'ln; of g] kfn s]

d'l: nd ;+u7gf] + sL cf] / ;] p;sL 3f] / lg+bf Sof] + gxL+ sL uO{ < ;/ sf/ ckgL sf/ {jfO{ sL 3f] if0ff Sof] + gxL+ s/ tL <

klZrdL g] kfn d] + af+s] lhn] s] Ps ;fdflhs sfo{stf{ atft] x} +– …k"/ a–klZrd / fhdfu{ s] blIf0f l: yt zdz] / u+h, hGtk'/ , dlgsfk'/ , ejfgLk'/ , lkk/ xjf, ;fO{uf+j, h} ;k'/ cflb d'l: nd ax'n If] q x} + . Ogd] + ;fO{+ uf+j cf} / h} ;k'/ tf] t: s/ L s] eL s] +Gb| ag r's] x} + . oxf+ lbg bxf8Þ] uf} s';L x'cf s/ tL x} . k"j{ klZrd dfu{ s] xL blvg d] + a;] uf+j s6s'Oof+, nvgk'/ , g/ } gfk'/ , sfnf sf] 6f, ;6lxof, u+ufk'/ , ags/ L cflb uf+j s: af] + d] + eL uf} s';L cfd aft x} . g] kfnu+h ;] k"/ a

k'/ } gL–k'/ } gf, sDbL, a] txgL cflb P] l/ of eL d'l: nd ax't x} + cf} / jxf+ uf} s;L cfd aft x} . g] kfnu+h v'b ckg] cfk d] + d'l: nd ax'n x} cf} / O; Onfs] d] + …kfls: tfg lhGbfafb s] gf/ ] cf} / h'n"; eL ;'g] –lbv] hf r's] x} + .

O;L k|sf/ dWo tyf k"jL{ g] kfn sf] b] v] + tf] / f} tx6, af/ f cf} / k;f{ lhnf sf] eL ldgL kfls: tfg s] gfd ;] k'sf/ f hftf x} . k"jL{ g] kfn s] emfkf, df] / +u, ;'g;/ L, ;Kt/ L, wg'iff, dxf] Q/ L cf} / / f} tx6 lhn] d] + s'5 P] ;] Onfs] x} +, hxf+ cft+sjfbL ultljlwof+ rng] sL va/ ] + cftL / xtL x} + . dxf] Q/ L lhn] s] a} / luof, la;la§L, k;f{ bf] af/ , cWofgk'/ , / f} hf cf} / hL+ufyfg, e+j/ k'/ f cflb If] qf] + ;] ufx] –aufx] cft+sjfbL ks8Þ] eL hf r's] x} + . ef/ tLo ;Ldf a] nf kl/ xf/ ;] nu] kf+r 5x

uf+j P] ;] x} +, hxf+ g] kfn s] kj{ Tof] xf/ eL cf;fgL ;] gxL+ dgfof hf ;stf .

ox Ps P] ltxfl;s ;To x} ls / f} tx6 lhnf g] kfn sf kxnf lhnf x} , hxf+ s] Ps hfg] dfg] d'l: nd g] tf g] …g] kfn d] + eL kfls: tfgÚ agfg] sL df+u sL yL . n] lsg g] kfn s] dxfg\ / fi6«jfbL g] tf u0f] zdfg l;+x s] k] : tf} n g] O; df+u sf] ;bf ;bf s] lnP ;dfKt s/ lbof yf . aft !($*–$( sL x} . / f0ffzfxL lj/ f] wL qmflGt s] bf} / fg u0f] zdfg hL, ;Ldfkf/ s] ef/ tLo uf+jf] + ;] sf/ {jfO{of+ ;+rflnt lsof s/ t] y] . jx cf;kf; s] g] kfnL uf+jf] + ;] o'jsf] + sf] a'nfs/ qmflGt d] + ;xof] u sL df+u eL lsof s/ t] y] . pGxL+ lbgf] +

/ f} tx6 lhnf kf/ ef/ tLo uf+j d] + cfof] lht e"ldut a} 7s d] + t/ fO{ s] o'jsf] + sf] a'nfof uof yf . a} 7s s] bf} / fg pGxL+ d] + ;] Ps kxnjfg o'js g] ;jfn k"5 lbof– …xd tf] x/ ] s] dbb sl/ x] tf] t" xd/ f s] , sf lbx] Ú – cyf{t\ olb xd cfksf] ;xof] u s/ ] +u] tf] cfk d'em] Sof b] +u] < u0f] zdfg hL g] k"5f t'Dx] + Sof rflxP < o'js g] sxf …jf] x] b] g b hf] O+l8of g] d';ndfgf+] sf] lbof x} Ú . u0f] zdfg hL g] lh1f;fjz lkm/ k"5f t'd ;fkm ;fkm sxf] , t'Dx] + Sof rflxP < O; k/ o'js g] sxf …O+l8of g] d';ndfgf] ] + sf] kfls: tfg lbof x} , cfk eL xd nf] uf] + sf] g] kfn d] + kfls: tfg b] bLlhPÚ . O; k/ u0f] zdfg hL g] o'js k/ lk: tf} n tfg lbof, cf} / sxf nf] , t'Dx] + ceL ceL kfls: tfg e] htf x"+ .Ú 3a/ fs/ o'js

cfj/0f


efu v8Þf x'cf cf} / lkm/ nf} 6s/ gxL+ cfof . sf7df+8" ;] k|sflzt / fhwfgL b} lgs

d] + …g] kfn k/ eL O: nflds cft+sjfbL

ultljlwof] + sf c;/ k8Þ ;stf x} Ú zLif{s ;] Ps ;dfrf/ d] ] + sxf x} ls O;;] dfcf] jfbL g] tf eL lrlGtt x} + . ;dfrf/

d] + atfof uof x} ls k'ln; x] 8 Sjf6{/ k/ cfof] lht uf] i7L d] + Ps PcfO{hL g] : jLsf/ lsof ls O: nflds b] zf] + d] + cft+sjfbL ultljlwof+ a9Þg] ;] p;sf k|efj g] kfn k/ eL k8Þ ;stf x} . pGxf] +g] atfof ls g] kfn d] + cfof] lht lsP hfg] jfn] ;fs{ lzv/ ;Dd] ng k/ eL cft+sjfbL ultljlwof] + sf k|efj k8Þ ;stf x} . O;lnP ceL ;] xL k'ln; k|wfg sfof{no g] Ps sfo{of] hgf agfs/ ;'/ Iffsld{of] + sf] ;+rflnt s/ g] sf lg0f{o lsof x} . ;+efljt ;'/ Iff r'gf} tL s] qmd d] + O: nflds b] zf] + d] + b] v] uP cft+sjfbL ultljlw, g] kfn s] lnP eL …y|] 6Ú xf] ;stf x} . ;Ldf If] q d] + xf] ;sg] jfn] ck/ fw cf} / cfk/ flws of] hgf sf] lgo+lqt cf} / lg: t] h s/ g] s] lnP pQm lgb{] zg lbof uof x} . ;fs{ lzv/ ;Dd] ng s] kxn] ;fs{ b] zf] + s] u[xd+lqof] + s] ;Dd] ng d] + efu n] g] s] lnP sf7df+8" cfP ef/ t s] u[xd+qL / fhgfy l;+x g] ;'emfj lbof x} ls ;'/ Iff cf} / gsnL gf] 6f] + sL t: s/ L / f] sg] s] lnP låkIfLo ;+o+q agfg] sL cfjZostf x} .

cfj/0f

g] kfn d] + ;hutf cfjZosP; s] låj] bL

g] kfn s] s'5 / fhgLlt1f] + sL xTof cf} / ef/ tLo s"6gLlt1f] +

sf ckx/ 0f xf] ;stf x} , P] ;L r] tfjgL ;lxt ef/ t ;/ sf/ åf/ f Ps dxLgf kxn] e] h] uP uf] Ko kq ;] g] kfn d] + ;g;gL km} ngf, : jfefljs x} . vf;s/ ef/ t d] + df] bL ;/ sf/ u7g kZrft\ p;s] d'Vo b'Zdg s] ¿k d] + / x] kfls: tfg sf ef/ t s] k|lt cfqmfds / j} of a9Þtf hf / xf x} . kfls: tfg sL v'lkmof ;+: yf cfOP;cfO{ sL cf] / ;] g] kfn s] v'n] af] 8{/ sf nfe p7ft] x'P ;~rflnt cft+sjfb cf} / hfnL gf] 6 ;DaGwL sfd d] + s'5 sdL cfg] k/ kfls: tfg åf/ f ;~rflnt cft+sjfbL ;+u7gf] + åf/ f g] kfn d] + pyn–k'yn drfg] sL cfz+sf a9Þ uO{ x} . b";/ L cf] / g] kfn d] + cfOP;cfO{ cf} / rLg g] eL ce"tk"j{ ¿k d] + 3';s/ ef/ t–g] kfn ;DaGw sf] ax't xL lauf8Þf x} . n] lsg df] bL e|d0f s] afb bf] gf] + b] zf] + sL hgtf d] + ljsf; cf} / ;dembf/ L s] ax't ;f/ ] ;+s] t gh/ cfP x} + .

ef/ t åf/ f k|] lift kq sL uDeL/ tf

sf] b] vt] x'P ;hutf ckgfgf ax't h¿/ L x} . g] tfcf] + s] pmk/ hf] vt/ f lbvfO{ lbof x} , O;;] ;fj{hlgs ;'/ Iff cf} / dgf] lj1fg sf] k|efljt s/ ] uf . g] kfn d] + OlG8og d'hflx2Lg cf} / cnsfobf s] k|ltlglw 3';s/ ef/ tLo s"6gLlt1f] + sf ckx/ 0f cf} / g] kfnL / fhgLlt1f] + sL xTof sL ;Defjgf sL cf] / ;+s] t s/ t] x'P kq d] + ef/ tLo b"tfjf; s] sd{rf/ L cf} / jL/ u+h sG;'n clkm; tyf lj/ f6gu/ s] c: yfoL lzlj/ sL ;'/ Iff Joj: yf d] + cf} / Hofbf rf} s;L ckgfg] s] lnP cfu|x lsof uof x} . cft+sjflbof] + sL wdsL cf} / ;Defljt vt/ ] sf] seL gh/ cGbfh gxL+ s/ gf rflxP . s'5 ;do kxn] kf] v/ f ;] OlG8og d'hflx2Lg s] b";/ ] gDa/ s] sdf08/ ofl;g e6sn sL lu/ km\tf/ L, klZrd ;] nZs/ ] tf] ojf s] 6'G8 sL lu/ km\tf/ L cflb 36gf ;] d'l: nd cft+sjfbL ;+u7gf] + sL ;lqmotf g] kfn d] + a9L x} , ox k|dfl0ft xf] tf x} . vf;s/ kfls: tfgL v'lkmof ;+: yf cfO{P;cfO{ åf/ f ;~rflnt ultljlw g] kfn d] + Jofks ¿k d] + a9ÞL x'O{ x} , O;] gsf/ f gxL+ hf ;stf .

O; cf] / g] kfn ;/ sf/ sf] ;r] t cf} / ;lqmo xf] gf rflxP . b] z d] + c/ fhstf cf} / clglZrtf JofKt x} . kl/ jt{g ;+: yfut gxL+ x'cf x} cf} / g] kfnL hgtf sL k|ToIf ;+nUgtf s] lagf jx ;Dej eL gxL+ x} . g] kfn ef/ t ;DaGw, ef} uf] lns lgs6tf, P] ltxfl;s lg/ Gt/ tf, ;dfg ;+: s[lt, ;Dkbf, kfl/ jfl/ s ;DaGw cf} / dha"t cfly{s ;DaGw d] + cfwfl/ t x} . ;fy xL ef/ t d] + g] kfn g] zflGt : yfkgf cf} / nf] stGq s] ljsf; s] lnP cgj/ t ;xof] u k|bfg lsof x} . ef/ tLo hgtf g] g] kfnL hgtf sf] xd] zf ckg] 5f] 6] efO{ s] ¿k d] + dfgf x} tf] g] kfnL hgtf g] eL ef/ tLo hgtf sf] ckg] a8] efO{ s] : yfg d] + / vf x} . g] kfn ef/ t s] aLr k|frLg sfn ;] rn] cf / x] wfld{s, ;f+: s[lts, ;fdflhs ;DaGw x} + . ca cfg] jfn] lbgf] + d] + Og ;DaGwf] + sf Sof ¿k xf] uf < ef/ t g] g] kfn s] / fhgLlts cfly{s If] q d] + k|z+;gLo ;xof] u lsof x} , lkm/ eL g] kfn d] + s'5 JolQm cf} / ;d"x tfTsflns Pj+ ;+sL0f{ ;f] r ;] lgb] {lzt xf] s/ ;do–;do d] + g] kfn ef/ t ;DaGw sf] sdhf] / agfg] d] + nu hft] x} + .


cfj/0f

/ fi6«Lotf s] gfd d] + ef/ t lj/ f] wL cg] s k|f] kf] u08f km} nfs/ ;Lw] –;fw] g] kfnL hgdfg; d] + ef/ t s] lj?4 ljif 3f] nf hftf x} . ;Qf d] + g xf] g] ts seL sfnfkfgL, seL ;Ldf cltqmd0f, seL !(%) sL ;lGw OToflb ljifof] + d] + ljleGg gf/ f tyf lj/ f] wfTds sfo{qmd oxfF s] g] tf cf} / kfl6{of] + sL cf] / ;] xf] t] / xt] x} + . lh;s] rnt] g] kfn cf} / ef/ t s] aLr c;dembf/ L sf jftfj/ 0f ag hftf x} . Ps b";/ ] sL e"ld d] + ckgf lxt ;'/ lIft gxL+ x} , P] ;L dfgl;stf cf} / Ps b";/ ] s] cfzo sf] z+sf sL b[li6sf] 0f ;] b] vg] sL k|j[lQ bf] gf] + b] zf] + d] + dha"t xf] tL] hf / xL x} . g] kfnL g] tf ef/ t hf / x] x} +, P] ;f ;'gt] xL oxfF sL dLl8Þof cf} / g] tf cg] s e"m7] k|f] kf] u08f pTkGg s/ ef/ t lj/ f] wL k|rf/ z'? s/ b] t] x} + . lh;s] rnt] / fi6«Lotf cf} / g] kfn s] lxt ljkl/ t sf] O{ eL ;lGw ;demf} tf g s/ g] sL k|ltj4tf ;fj{hlgs ¿k d] + g] kfnL g] tfcf] + sf] b'x/ fgf k8Þtf x} . kmn: j¿k g] kfn cf} / ef/ t s] aLr xf] g] jfn] ;demf} t] cf} / ljsf; lgdf{0f s] sfd v6fO{ d] + k8Þ hftL x} .

ef/ tLo b"tfjf; g] g] kfn s] u[xdGqfno sf] ;] K6] Da/ @$ s] / f] h hf] kq e] hf yf, p; d] + ;hutf s] k|lt ;sf/ fTds xf] s/ ;tstf{ ckgfg] s] lnP sxf uof

x} . g] kfnL / fhLlt1f] + sL hfg vt/ ] d] + xf] gf, ef/ tLo s"6gLlt1f] + sf ckx/ 0f xf] gf, ox cToGt ;+j] bgzLn ljifo x} . sf7df+8" cGt/ f{i6«Lo ljdfg: yn ;] ef/ t s] lnP p8] Þ OlG8og Po/ nfOG; s] ljdfg sf ckx/ 0f jfnL 36gf ;] g] kfn sf] zld{Gbf xf] gf k8Þf . p;sL kL8Þf ef/ t g] ct'ngLo ¿k d] + ef] uL x} . ceL p7fP x'P ljifo sf ljZn] if0f s/ t] x'P O;s] k|lt g] kfn sf] ;Dj] bgzLn xf] gf ax't h¿/ L x} . blIf0f Pl;ofnL If] qLo ;xof] u ;+u7g -;fs{_ sf lzv/ ;Dd] ng g] kfn d] + xf] g] hf / xf x} . ef/ tLo s"6gLlt1 sf ckx/ 0f cf} / g] kfnL / fhgLlt1 sL xTof ;DaGwL c8ÞsnafhL sf] ljZj;gLotf s] ;fy ;Daf] wg s/ g] sf k|of; ;/ sf/ gxL+ s/ ] uL tf] ;fs{ s] ;b: o / fi6« O; 36gf sf] ls; t/ x n] +u] < ox ;f] rg] sL aft x} .

kq d] + ljdfg ckx/ 0f sL ;Defjgf eL lbvfO{ uO{ x} . !$ jif{ kxn] x'P ef/ tLo ljdfg sf ckx/ 0f ;] g] kfn sL 5lj a'/ L t/ x lau8ÞL x} . cf7 ;b: o / fi6«f] + s] sfo{sf/ L k|d'v ;fs{ ;Dd] ng d] + ;xefuL xf] g] cf / x] x} + . pg d] + pRr hf] lvd d] + / xg] jfn] ef/ tLo k|wfgdGqL df] bL, >Ln+sf s] / fi6«klt dx] Gb|f / fhfkIf] s] ;fy xL cGo ;af] + sL ;'/ Iff sL lhDd] jf/ L d] hjfg

b] z g] kfn k/ x} .ef/ t s] d'DaO{, lbNnL, agf/ ;,

k6gf sxL+ eL cft+sjfbL 36gf xf] tL x} tf] p; s] of] hgfsf/ g] kfn s] cGb/ 3';g] cf} / l5kg] sL ;Defjgf anjtL / xtL x} . O;lnP P] ;] cjfl~5t cfk/ flws cf} / lx+;fTds sfof] {+ sf] c~hfd b] g] s] lnP cfk/ flws dgf] j[lQ jfn] xd] zf t} of/ / xt] x} + .

O;lnP P] ;L ;Defljt b'3{6gf sf] a6dnfOg d] + / vt] x'P ;'/ Iff ;~hfn sf] d': t} bL s] ;fy km} nfgf h¿/ L x} . ckmufgL tflnjfg s] ;fy ;Dj4 -sfobf cn lhxfb_ gfds cnsfobf sf eft[ ;+u7g ef/ t d] + v'n uof x} , ox ;dfrf/ afx/ cfg] k/ p;] ckgf jr{: j : yflkt s/ g] s] lnP cf} / ;+;f/ sf Wofg ckgL cf] / cfs[i6 s/ g] s] lnP eL P] ;] dxTjk"0f{ ;Dd] ng, ;ef: yn cf} / JolQmof] + sf] ckg] cfk/ flws of] hgf d] + lx6ln: 6 s] cGb/ / vg] sL cfz+sf agL / xtL x} . O; aft sf] gsf/ f gxL+ hf ;stf . P] ;f sxt] ;do ox g ;f] rf hfP ls cf;Gg ;fs{ ;Dd] ng ax't xL vt/ gfs l: ylt ;] u'h/ / xf x} . x/ lx;fa ;] ;'/ Iff lgsfo cf} / ;DalGwt ljefu sf] s8ÞL ;ts{tf ckgfg] sL h¿/ t x} . lll

O;s] ;fy xL ef/ t ;/ sf/ g] cft+sjflbof] + åf/ f g] kfn s] dxTjk"0f{ g] tfcf+] sL xTof xf] ;sg] sL ;"rgf g] kfn ;/ sf/ sf] bL x} . sf7df+8" l: yt ef/ tLo b"tfjf; åf/ f bL uO{ ;"rgf d] + g] kfnL g] tfcf+] sL xTof s] ;fy xL ckg] b"tfjf; s] jl/ i7 clwsfl/ of+] s] ckx/ 0f xf] ;sg] sL ;+efjgf sf eL pNn] v x} . ef/ t g] Ps uf] kgLo tyf cf} krfl/ s kq g] kfnL g] tfcf] + cf} / ef/ tLo s"6gLlts clwsfl/ of] + sL ;'/ Iff ;] ;+a+lwt clt ;+j] bgzLn ;"rgf lk5n] @$ l;tDa/ @)!$ sf] bL yL .

ef/ t g] kq d] + O; aft sf pNn] v lsof x} ls p;] ox ;"rgf cToGt e/ f] ;] dGb tyf ljZjf;L ;|f] tf] + åf/ f ldnL x} . k/ / fi6« d+qfno åf/ f g] kfn sf] lnv] uP kq d] + lsg g] tfcf] + tyf s"6gLlts clwsfl/ of+] sL xTof lsP hfg] sL ;+efjgf sf v'nf;f gxL+ lsof uof x} n] lsg cGt/ f{i6«Lo cft+sjfbL ;+u7g cn sfobf cf} / O+l8og d'hflxbLg åf/ f O; k|sf/ s] sfo{ lsP hfg] sL ;+efjgf sf pNn] v pQm kq d] + x} . kq d] + cToGt xL

;'/ Iff vt/ fjfn] g] tfcf] + s] gfdf] + sf pNn] v gxL+ x} , s] jn …k|f‘ldg] G6 kf‘lnl6l;oG;Ú jfSof+z sf k|of] u lsof uof x} .

;|f] tf] + s] cg';f/ pQm ;"rgf d] + lqe'jg ljdfg: yn ;] ljdfg ckx/ 0f xf] ;sg] sL ;+efjgfcf] + sf] b] vt] x'P ;'/ Iff Joj: yf cf} / clws a9Þf bL uO{ x} . pQm ;"rgf d] + sxf uof x} ls cn sfobf cf} / O+l8og d'hflxbLg åf/ f sf7df+8" ljdfg : yn ;] g] kfnL of ef/ tLo ljdfg s] ckx/ 0f s/ g] sL of] hgf agfoL hf / xL x} .

g] kfn s] k/ / fi6« ;|f] t g] atfof …g] kfn d] + a8Þ] g] tfcf] + cf} / ef/ tLo b"tfjf; s] clwsfl/ of] + s] ckx/ 0f s/ g] sL of] hgf ;lxt, vt/ gfs lu/ f] x ;lqmo x} , O;s] af/ ] d] + lnlvt cf} / df} lvs hfgsf/ L cfoL x} tyf O;s] af/ ] d] + k'ln; cf} / ;'/ Iff lgsfof] + sf] eL hfgsf/ L b] bL uO{ x} . ;|f] t g] atfof ls b"tfjf; ;] cfP pQm kq sf] hfgsf/ L s] lnP k'ln; dxflg/ LIfs pk] Gb|sfGt cof{n sf] eL e] h lbof uof x} .

pQm kq d] + cft+sjflbof] + åf/ f ljiffQm

u} ;f] + sf k|of] u s/ , ;fdfGo gful/ sf] + s] ckx/ 0f lsP hfg] sf eL pNn] v x} . ;fs{ ;Dd] ng sL t] hL ;] t} of/ L rnt] / xg] sL jt{dfg cj: yf d] + ef/ t ;] xL j} ;] cfk/ flws lu/ f] xf] + s] g] kfn k|j] z s/ g] sL hfgsf/ L bL uO{ x} .

g] kfn d] + cGt/ f{i6«Lo cft+sjfbL ;+u7g cnsfobf cf} / O+l8og d'hflxbLg s] ;b: of] + s] ;lqmo xf] g] sL ;"rgf -Sof s] jn xNnf s] ¿k d] + tf] gxL+ cfO{ x} _ O; ;+a+w d] + ;'/ Iff lgsfof] + g] ljrf/ ljdz{ s/ gf z'¿ s/ lbof x} . ;'/ Iff ;|f] tf] + s] cg';f/ cf} krfl/ s kq åf/ f xL O; k|sf/ sL ;"rgf cfg] s] sf/ 0f ;+j] bgzLn xf] g] sL lbzf d] + ;eL sf Wofg cfs[i6 x'cf x} .

ef/ t g] / fhwfgL cf} / cf;kf; s] s'5 : yfgf] + sf gfd n] t] x'P pg : yfgf] + k/ cft+sjflbof] + s] l5k] xf] g] sL hfgsf/ L bL x} . ef/ t g] sf7df+8" cf} / afx/ s] ckg] ljleGg s"6gLlts sfof{nof] + tyf clwsfl/ of] + s] lgjf; s] cf;kf; ;'/ Iff uZtL t] h s/ g] sf cfu|x eL lsof x} . -Olt_ lll


g] kfn d] + Og lbgf] + hflt hghfltof] + s] lnP hftLo¿k;] xL / fhgLlts

clwsf/ f] + sf] kl/ eflift s/ g] cf} / p;s] Jojxfl/ s sfof{Gjog s] ;jfn k/ u} / ;fDojfbL xL gxL+ ;fDojflbof] + s] aLr eL ef/ L dte] b rn / x] x} + . ox pg rGb cxd\ d'2f] + d+] Ps x} lh; k/ bnf] + s] aLr ljjfb s] sf/ 0f kxn] ;+ljwfg;ef sf lj36g xf] uof yf cf} / b';/ ] ;+ljwfg;ef d] + eL ox ljjfb ca ts Hof] + sf Tof] + x} . hflt sf] / fhgLlts kxrfg s] ;fy hf] 8Þg] sL d+zf ckg] cfk d] + Ps a'/ L aft gxL+ x} . g] kfn h} ;] 5f] 6] b] z d] + ;f} s] cf;kf; 5f] 6L a8ÞL hflt hghfltof] + sf a;f] af; x} cf} / nueu ;eL lx: ;f] + d] + hftLo lx;fa ;] ldl>t cfafbL x} . s'5 ck] Iffs[t a8ÞL hfltof] + sL P] ltxfl;s ;f+: s[lts kxrfg sL lrGtf eL x} jxL+ k/ cGo 5f] 6L hfltof] + sL kxrfg sf] Jojl: yt s/ gf eL sd r'gf} ltk"0f{ gxL+ x} . P] ;] d] + ls;L Ps hflt sL kxrfg sf] k|fyldstf b] g] j cg] s hfltof] + sf ;femf kxrfg : yflkt s/ g] sf] n] s/ hf] ljjfb rn / xf x} p;] aLtt] ;do s] ;fy cx+sf/ sL rf;gL d] + 8fnf hf / xf x} . ;fDk|bflos cf} / hftLo ;b\efj g] kfnL ;dfh s] hf] u'0f ca ts sfod x} p;s] ;fdg] l;of;tbf/ f] + s] aLr hf] / : ;fs;L rn / xL x} p;d] + sf] O{ vf; bd lbvfO{ gxL+ b] tf . sO{ nf] u tf] O; dte] b sf] g] tfcf] + s] aLr d'5f] + sL n8ÞfO{ e/ dfgt] x} + . xsLst d] + ;+: s[lt nf] uf+] sL ckgL hLjg z} nL x} . O;lnP cfd nf] uf] + sL hLjg z} nL sf] ;d: of s] ¿k d] + cfu] nfs/ g] tfcf] + g] ax't a8Þf dhfs agf lbof x} . hftLo efjgfTdstf sf] cR5L t/ x g ;demg] s] sf/ 0f b'lgof s] sO{ b] zf] + d] + v'gv/ fa] x'o] x} + . hgtf zflGt cf} / k|ult rfxtL x} , v'gv/ faf gxL+ . jx qmflGt s] gfd k/ gfpDdLb sL x/ bd v'gv/ faf eL gxL rfxtL . O;L ;+be{ d] + O; cfn] v d] +

ljz] ifs/ ;dsfnLg ;fDojfb s] eLt/ ju{jfb cf} / hfltjfb sf] n] s/ rn / x] z+sfcf] + k/ gh/ 8fng] sf k|of; e/ lsof uof x} .

abnt] jSt s] ;fy ;fDojfb cf} / hfltjfb sf] ca laNs'n ?a? v8Þf xf] gf k8Þ / xf x} . cfhsn ;fDojflbof] + d] + Og bf] ;jfnf] + sf] n] s/ sfkmL c: ki6tf x} . ljZn] ifsf] + sf tf] oxf+ ts sxgf x} ls zLto'4 s] cGt s] ;fy ha b'lgof+ d] + sO{ ;fDojfbL zf;gf] + sf ktg xL gxL+ x'cf clkt' ;fDojfb s] k"+hLjfb cf} / u/ La hgtf s] aLr xf] g] jfn] ju{;+3if{ sf kf/ Dkl/ s l;4f+t k/ xL Jojxfl/ s ¿k;] ;jfn p7 / x] x} + . ox p;L ;] pTkGg lg/ fzf sf k|ltkmn x} . lh;sf k|efj b'lgof s] ;d"r] ;fDojfbL cfGbf] ng k/ k8Þf x} . ;fDojfbL u'6f] + d] +

s'5 g] tf] ca ju{;+3if{ s] zAb ts sf] pRrf/ 0f s/ gf aGb s/ lbof x} cf} / s'5 g] gfd tf] e'nfof gxL x} , k/ Gt' ;dsfn d] + ;+;bjfbL ax'njfb sL rf/ f] + cf] / af] ntL t"tL g] p;] Jojxfl/ s gxL+ agg] ] lbof x} . s'5 g] dfS;{ cf} / n] lgg s] hdfg] d] + xL pgs] v] d] + ;] k'+hLjfb s] bnfn s] ¿k d] + cf/ f] lkt ;fdflhs hgjfbL s] zSn d] + xL ?kfGtl/ t xf] gf plrt ;dem lnof x} . kf/ Dkl/ s ju{;+3if{ sf] dfgt] x'P : jo+ sf] kljq qmflGtsf/ L atnfg] jfn] ;fDojfbL tas] g] tf] ju{;+3if{ s] lxnt] v'+6] s] aun d] + xL hltjfb sf Ps cf} / v'+6] sf] uf8Þt] x'o] wfld{s, eflifs, ;f+: s[lts ;d'bfof] + aLr sL ;'if'Kt cGt/ lj/ f] w k/ qmflGtsfl/ tf sL v] tL s] hl/ P ;bfaxf/ åGb s] aLr ckg] sf] ud{ agfP / vgf

afa'/fd kf} 8\ofn

;fDojfbL ju{jfb cf} / hfltjfbabnt] jSt s] ;fy ;fDojfb cf} / hfltjfb sf] ca laNs'n ?a? v8 Þf xf] gf k8 Þ / xf x} . cfhsn ;fDojflbof] + d] + Og bf]

;jfnf] + sf] n] s/ sfkmL c: ki6tf x} .

ljZn]if0f


d'gfl;a ;demf . zfob j] ox ;dem / x] x} ls g] kfn s] cGb/ lhtgL ;a ;fdflhs cfGtl/ s cGt/ lj/ f] w x} + pg ;asf] ceL xL ;dfwfg s/ gf xf] uf cf} / oxL / f: tf pgs] ckg] lnP eL / fhgLlts kmfob] sf x} . ;j{xf/ fjfb s] d'sfan] hfltjfb xL pgsf lkmnxfn k|d'v cf} / k|ultzLn d'2f x} . Psaft ox eL x} ls dfS;{, n] lgg cf} / dfcf] sL ;f} bf] ;f} ;fn k'/ fgL l;4f+t cf} / Jojxfl/ stf sf] O; ;do ls; xb ts kl/ dfh{g lsof hfgf cfjZos x} , O;sf sf] O{ agfagfof ;"q gxL+ x} . O;lnP eL ;fDojflbof] s] aLr ox seL ;dfwfg g xf] g] jfnf d;nf agf / x] uf . ;fDojfb s] gfd k/ v'nL tdfd / fhgLlts bnf] + sL p;"nf] + d] + lbvtL ef/ L ljljwtf sf ox eL Ps sf/ 0f x} . O; l: ytL sf] ;fDojflbof] + sL a] OdfgL gxL+, cGof] n of dha'/ L sxgf Hofbf plrt / x] uf .

Ps z+sf ox eL x} ls sxL+ ;fDojfb sf ;a;] nf] slk|o cGt/ / fi6«jfb, b'lgof s] u/ La dhb"/ ls;fgf] + sf] tdfd lkm/ sf] + s] bfo/ ] xL gxL+ b] zf] + s] nsL/ f] + ts sf] nf+3t] x'o] Ps xf] g] sL ckLn hf] yL, ca p;sL hux sf} d cf} / dhxa sL ;fDk|bflos d'lSt sf gfd g cfP . s'5 xL ;do afb cu/ ;fDoafb s] gfd k/ qmflGtsf/ L lxGb', O;fO{, d'l: nd bn cf} / hflt s] gfd k/ t/ x t/ x s] ;fDojfbL sx] hfg] jfn] bnf] + sf] s''s'/ d'Qf] + sL t/ x km} ntf b] vgf eL k8Þ ;stf x} . Sof dfS;{jfb sf : j¿k cGt/ / fi6«jfb ;] / fi6«jfb cf} / p;;] ca hfltjfb sL cf] / : vlnt xf] / xf x} of lkm/ k|ult s/ / xf x} ־ ;dem kfgf cf;fg gxL+ x} . O;;] ox eL cGbfhf nufof hf ;stf x} ls zLto"4 s] ktg s] afb b'lgof s] ;fDojfbL cfGbf] ng d] + hf] ;} 4f+lts c;d+h;tf cfO{ yL, p;;] ;fd"lxs 9+u ;] lgk6g] sf sf] O{ cGt/ / fi6«Lo d+r ca pgs] kf; gxL+ yf . pgs] ckg] xL aLr cS;/ rng] jfnL h"tk} hf/ L s] sf/ 0f cGt/ / fi6«jfb tf] b"/ xdjtg ;fDojflbof] Ps b';/ f] + sf] cfb/ , ;nfx dzlj/ f s/ g] sL ;+: s[lt eL sfkmL kxn] xL kL5] 5'6 r'sL x} . P] ;] d] + x/ ] s ;fDojfbL u'6 g] ckg] : yfgLo ljlzi6 kl/ l: ylt s] gfd k/ ;} 4flGts t'saGbL sf] hf] 8ÞÞ s/ : jo+ sf] ckg] xL hdLg sf c;nL qmflGtsf/ L 3f] lift s/ gf z'? s/ lbof x} . ;+;bjfb s] cf;kf; xL 3'dg] sL pgsL dha"/ L g] ;d: ofcf] + ;] h'emt] lkm/ sfk/ : tf] + sL aft 5f] l8ÞP zf] ifs, bnfn,u'08f] + s] ;fy eL

bf] : tL s/ gf l;vf lbof, r"+ls pgsf] r'gfj d] + x/ xfn d] ] ] ] lhtg] sL rfx sL aLdf/ L nu r'sL x} . pgs] xL åf/ f hglj/ f] wL a'h{'jf sx] hfg] jfn] tfstf] + d] + cf} / : jo+ pgd+] kms{ s/ gf ca ;xh gxL x} . O; szdsz d] + pgsf d] xgtsz u/ La cfd nf] uf] + s] aLr sf ;DaGw eL ca laNs'n cnu־ynu k8Þtf lbvfO{ b] / xf x} . j] hflt sL lrGtf tf] s/ / x] x} k/ Gt' O; lrGtf ;] ;Lwf nfe hfltof] + s] vft] kLt] Pln6f] +, hf] seL k"j{jtL{ zf;sf] + s] zlStj[t d] + ef/ bf/ L s/ g] d] + dzu'n / xt] y] , sf] xL ldntf lbvtf x} , lgrn] tasf] + gxL+ . Ps cf} / lx: ;f x} hf] hltjfb sf] hftLo xL gxL+ jlNs b] z sf xL lav08g dfgt] x'o] p;] gsf/ tf x} cf} / kL5] nf} 6g] sf cfefif b] tf x} . o] bf] gf] + lrGtg b] z cf} / cfd d] xgtsz hgtf sL Pstf, cdgrog cf} / t/ SsL s] lnP a] xb vt/ gfs kl/ 0ffd b] g] jfn] x} . hltjfb ls;L eL zSn d] + cu/ ;Dk|bflos cx+sf/ sf ¿k n] n] tf] ;dfh cf} / b] z s] a'/ ] lbg lglZrt x} .

cf;kf; s] s'5 cg'ejf] + sf] b] vs/ P] ;f nutf x} ls ;fDojfb cf} / hfltjfb sf ax't b] / ts xd;km/ xf] gf gfd'dlsg x} . Ps sL k|ult s] lnP b';/ ] sf sdhf] / xf] gf cfjZos x} . ;fDojfb sL b'lgof+ d] + ca a'/ ] lbg rn/ x] x} + lkm/ eL g] kfn d] + ;fDojflbof] + s] k|lt hgtf sf ha/ b: t ;dy{g x} lh;] b] vs/ afx/ s] nf] u eL cfZro{ d] + k8Þt] x} . k/ Gt' u'6 cf} ] ] ] ] ] / km"6 s] sf/ 0f pgsL k|efjsf/ Ltf dxTjk"0f{ 38ÞL k/ af/ af/ sdhf] / lbvtf x} . pgsL gLltof] + d] + vfldof] + sf k'Vtf ;a"t x} ox . O;s] afah'b g] kfn d] + pgsL ca ts a9ÞtL nf] slk|otf sf ;a;] a8Þf sf/ 0f oxL x} ls g] kfn d] + PsLs/ 0f s] afb ljleGg sf/ 0f] +f ;] hfltjfb sdhf] / k8Þtf uof yf . ;g\ 1949 d] + : yflkt g] kfn sL ;fDojfbL kf6L{ sf] O;sf k|ToIf nfe ldnf . cu/ p; ;do hfltjfbL k|efj xf] tf ta ;fDojflbof] + sf ox ljsf; c;Dej yf .

hftLo cx+sf/ jfb sf ;a;] eofgs ?k ?jfG8f d] + x't' cf} / t'T;L hfltof] + s] aLr s] åGb d] + b] vf hf r'sf x} . ;fDojfbL k"j{ o"uf] : nfljof s] ljv08g s] afb ;j{ cf} / qmf] 6\; s] aLr sL v'gL j} dg: otf huhfx] / x} . k8Þf] ;L b] z ef/ t eL ;fDk|bflos cx+sf/ sL ;d: ofcf] + ;] h'emtf cf / xf x} . lxGb" d'l: nd b+u] -lh;] ef/ t kfls: tfg ljefhg sL lj/ f;t eL dfgf hf ;stf x} _ cf} / hftLo 6s/ fj

sL sO{ 36gfP+ ;'gg] sf] ldntL x} . ef/ t s] sZdL/ d] + wfld{s ;fDk|bflostf hf] / f] + k/ x} O;lnP jxf+ ef/ tLo ;fDojflbof] + sf seL eL km} nfj ;Dej gxL x'cf . dfcf] s] hdfg] d] + k"jf] {Q/ ef/ t s] gfuf cf} / dl0fk"/ L ljb|f] lxof] + sf] ;fDojfbL xlyof/ aGb cfGbf] ng s] ¿k d] + cfu] a9fg] sf k|of; a] Olhª g] lsof yf k/ Gt' jxf+ s] nf] uf] + sL k|an hftLo ;+j] bgf s] sf/ 0f ox k|of; ;kmn gxL xf] ;sf . ;g\ !(&! d] + c;d cf} / d] 3fno d] + a+unf eflifof] + s] lvnfkm a8] Þ b+u] x'o] . ox l;nl;nf / x / xs/ ca eL rn / xf x} . jxf+ eL seL ;fDojfbL ckgL kxrfg gxL agf kfo] . k+hfa : jwLgtf s] afbjfn] lbgf] + ;] xL ;fDojfbL k|efj s] lnP hfgf hftf yf k/ Gt' / fi6«jfb s] ¿k d] + p7] hfltjfbL vfln: tfgL cfGbf] ng g] ;fDojflbof] sf ;"k8Þf ;fkm s/ lbof . laxf/ sf ;fDojfbL cfGbf] ng eL cS;/ ju{jfb s] abn] pRrj0f{ lxGb'cf] + s] lvnfkm e8Þsfj sf lzsf/ agtf / xf x} } . dWok"jL{ s'5 / fHof] + d] + dfcf] jfbL cflbjfl;of] + s] aLr d] + ;lqmo x} + k/ Gt' pgnf] uf] + g] hgtf sf] uf] nf af?b tf] lbof x} , cfd nf] uf] + sf] zflGt cf} / ljsf; ;f] r ;] xL j+lrt / vf . dxf/ fi6« d] + pQ/ ef/ t s] lxGbL eflifof] + s] lvnfkm km} ntf hx/ cf} / p;L sLr8Þ d] + v] ntL+ s'5 / fhgLlts kfl6{of] + sf v] n zd{;f/ s/ b] g] jfnf x} . Sof g] kfn sL ;fDojfbL zlStof+ O; cf] / ;do / xt] Wofg b] kfo] +uL < ef/ t h} ;] hftLo ljljwtfjfn] b] z d] + eflifs cyf{t\ hftLo ¿k ;] / fHof] + s] lgdf{0f x'o] krf; ;fn k'/ ] xf] g] ;] kxn] xL cGo hfltof] + g] eL / fHo sL df+u sL . cs] n] k"jf] {Q/ ef/ t sf c;d / fHo sf] tf] 8Þs/ cGo 5x / fHo agfP uP . afbjfn] lbgf] + d] + ag] pQ/ fv08, emf/ v08, t] n+ugf hflt jf efiff s] gfd k/ gxL / v] uo] x} + . zfob ox / fHof] + s] gfd sf] n] s/ lbNnL s] abnt] ;f] r sf kl/ 0ffd x} .

a9t] hftLo,wfld{s ;r] tgtf, cf} / ;fDojfbL kfl{6{of] + sL O; d;n] k/ u} / lhDd] jf/ gf / j} o] s] sf/ 0f d} bfg d] + hfltjfb cf} / ;fDojfbL ju{jfb sf] zfob eljio d] + hLjgd/ 0f sf ;+3if{ s/ gf k8] uf . ox Ps oyfy{ ;] sxL+ clws ;+j] bgf ;] ;+alGwt aft x} lh;] Otg] xNs] 9+u ;] gxL+ n] gf rflxP ls cfg] jfnL kL9L sf] b] g] s] lnP x/ g] kfnL s] kf; sd–;] –sd zflGt cf} / ljsf; sL ;+efjgf eL g ar] ] . lll

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ljZn]if0f


/d]z emf

b] z d] + u0ftGq sf] ;+: yfut s/ g] s] lnP efjL ;+ljwfg cfg] jfnf x} . olb ;+ljwfg

ags/ nfu" xf] tf x} tf] lgZro xL s] Gb|Ls[t zf;g k4lt sf cGt xf] g] jfnf x} . kmn: j¿k gful/ sf] + s] lnP ;Defjgfcf] + s] cglugt åf/ v'n] +u] . O;s] lnP / fhg] tfcf] + d] + / fi6«Lotf, hg pQ/ bfloTjaf] w cf} / ;dk{0f efjgf cfgf cfjZos x} . hf] eL xf] xd ;'vb eljio sL sNkgf sf] ;fsf/ s/ g] sf k'/ hf] / k|of; s/ / x] x} +, k/ ;+ljwfg k/ nut] u|x0f sf] b] vt] x'P ;'vb eljio sf k6fIf] k Sof xf] ;stf x} <

/ fi6« ;+ljwfg s] cefj d] + kL8ÞfbfoL k|;j j] bgf d] + 56k6f / xf x} . b";/ L ;+ljwfg ;ef s] cfg] k/ eL olb k|;j kL8Þf nDaL x'O{ tf] lgZro xL / fi6«Lo cl: dtf vt/ ] d] + k8Þ ;stL x} . go] ;+ljwfg s] d'Vo cGtj{: t'cf] + -;+3Lotf, / fHo k'g;+/ rgf, zf;sLo : j¿k, gfdfs/ 0f cflb_ sf] n] s/ sf+u|] ;–Pdfn] ;Qf kIf cf} / Pdfcf] jfbL–dw] zjfbL h} ;] cGo k|ltkIfL aLr ljut s] lbgf] + d] + cu|;/ df] rf{aGbL g] ;du| / fhgLlts k|lqmof sf] w|'jLs[t s/ lbof x} . lh;;] k'gM b] z b'3{6gf sL cf] / a9Þtf lbvfO{ b] tf x} . pTkLl8Þt, bldt ;d'bfof] + sL ;f+: s[lts Pj+ efiffoL kxrfg h} ;] ;zQmLs/ 0f cf} / Ifdtf clej[l4 s/ gf dxTjk"0f{ kIf x} . ;f+: s[lts–eflifs l:ylt cfTdljZjf; a9ÞftL x} tf] ;zQmLs/ 0f cf} / Ifdtf clej[l4 ;] ;Ddfgk"0f{ hLjg hLg] sf dfu{ k|z: t xf] tf x} . …jfb] –jfb] hfot] tTj af] wMÚ h} ;L bfz{lgs plQm eL pQm aftf] + sL k'li6 s/ tL x} . dfgj ljsf; qmd sf] b] vf hfP tf] e|d0fzLn Pj+ lh1f;' : jefj, sNkgfzLntf, efOrf/ f cf} / ;xcl: tTj cfTdljZjf; s] / f: t] sf] lj: t[t s/ tf x} . cg] stf d] + Pstf cf} / Pstf d] + cg] stf k/ fk"j{sfn ;] xdf/ ] ;fdflhs, ;f+: s[lts w/ f] x/ / x] x} + . O;L bfo/ ] d] + xdf/ ] b] z d] + ;+ljwfg lgdf{0f s/ gf ;QfkIf Pj+ k|ltkIf bf] gf] + sf st{Jo agtf x} .

eljio lgdf{0f sL O; uDeL/ 38ÞL d] + pTkLl8Þt cf} / lje] b sf] ;xt] cf / x] juf] {+ d] + k'gM pk] Iff sf lzsf/ agfP hfg] sf qf; JofKt lbvfO{ b] tf x} , sf/ 0f g] kfnL sf+u|] ; xd] zf k~rfotL dfgl;stf sf] xL cfTd;ft s/ s] xL cfu] a9Þg] sL sf] lzz lsof x} cf} / ceL eL j} ;] xL cfu] a9Þgf rfxtf x} . h} ;] kxn] !$ c+rn y] , p;L th{ k/ g] kfnL sf+u|] ; cfh & k|b] z

sf k|: tfj n] s/ cfu] a9Þg] sL sf] lzz s/ / xf x} f] Pdfcf] jfbL–dw] zjfbL bn cf7 k|b] z ts cfg] sf] t} of/ x} + . O; ljifo d] + ;Qf tyf k|ltkIf bf] gf] + sf] ljrf/ –ljdz{ s] hl/ P ;dfwfg lgsfngf rflxP . ;a;] a8ÞL r'gf} tLk"0f{ ;d: of k|b] z s] gfds/ 0f Pj+ ;Ldf+sg ljifo sf] n] s/ kxnL ;+ljwfg;ef d] + eL yL cf} / cfh eL h; s] t; x} . vf;s/ k"/ a d] + emfkf, df] / ª PJ+ ;'g;/ L Pj+ klZrd d] + s0ff{nL, s} nfnL, s~rgk'/ lhnf] + sf] t/ fO{ k|b] z ;] x6fg] sf sfd g] kfnL sf+u|] ; g] lsof x} . lh;] Pdfn] g] eL ;'/ d] + ;'/ ldnf s/ ;dy{g lsof x} , hf] ;f] rL ;demL / fhgLlts rfn s] txt eljio d] + leGg leGg bf] ;+: s[ltofF cfk; d] + n8ÞtL / x] . oxL k~rfotL dfgl;stf sf kl/ rfos x} . ctM ;+3Lotf ;DaGwL bnLo ;+jfb O; ljifo k/ uDeL/ ¿k d] + xf] gf rflxP . k~rfotL dfgl;stf tyf cg] sfg] s ;+efljt pk] Iffcf] + s] lj?4 k|fb] lzs bnf] + åf/ f p7foL uO{ cfjfh sf] c: jfefljs gxL+ sxf hf ;stf .

;+j} wflgs cGt/ ljifoj: t' sf] ;QfkIfåf/ f ;Qf sf] ;L9ÞL agfs/ cfu] a9Þg] sL sf] lzz s/ gf b'ef{Uok"0f{ dfgf hfPuf . sf+u|] ;–Pdfn] ;+o'Qm cjwf/ 0ff agfg] s] afb Pdfcf] jfbL tyf dw] zjfbL bn cGo hghftLo bnf] + sf] ;fy n] s/ efjL x'+sf/ k"0f{ cfGbf] ng sL k"j{ kLl7sf t} of/ s/ g] d] + zlQm ;+ro s/ / x] x} + . O;L k|sf/ k|d'v bnf] + s] aLr lbv / x] df] rf{aGbL s] sf/ 0f b] z s] cfGtl/ s / fi6«Lo / fhgLlt d] + cfGtl/ s åGå a9Þg] sL cj: yf ljz] if ¿k ;] lbvfO{ b] g] nuL x} , lh;s] sf/ 0f cfufdL df3 * ut] sL ;do ;Ldf s] eLt/ ;+ljwfg b] g] h} ;] / fhgLlts k|ltj4tf sf] u|x0f nug] jfnL x} , hf] b'Mvb lrGtf sf ljifo x} .

;+3Lotf : jo+ ;fWo gxL+ x} , ox ;fwg dfq x} . ;+3Lotf ;eL ;d: ofcf] + sf ;dfwfg x} cyjf ;+3Lotf k|fKt s/ n] g] ;] ;f/ L ;d: ofcf] + sf ;dfwfg : jtM xf] hfPuf, P] ;L sl/ ZdfoL zlQm sL sNkgf s/ gf d"v{tf x} , k/ ;+3Lotf s] dfWod ;] : yfgLo zlQm ;|f] tf] + sf kl/ rfng s/ t] x'P hgtf sf] clwsf/ ;DkGg s/ gf, / fhgLlts cf} / cfly{s ?k d] + ;d] t b] z cf} / ;dfh sf] lqmofzLn Pj+ ;[hgzLntf sL lbzf d] + cfu] a9f ;st] x} + . OGxL d'Vo p2] Zof] + s] ;fy ;+3Lo ;+ljwfg sL h?/ t x} . O;s] ;fy xL : yfgLo : t/ d] + JofKt lje] b, s'07f,

clwsf/ xLgtf h} ;L cfqmf] z sf] ;dfKt s/ g] s] lnP ;eL juf] {, wdf] {+ hfltof] +, ;d'bfof] + ;+: s[ltof] + tyf efiffcf] + sf] ljsl;t s/ g] sL b[li6 ;] cyjf pQm ;eL ;DalGwt ljifof] + s] cfwf/ sf] ;d'Ggt s/ g] s] lnP ;+3Lo ;+ljwfg agfgf ckl/ xfo{ x} . u0ftGqfTds g] kfn s] cfg] s] afb PsfTds cf} / s] Gb|Ls[t zf;g k4lt nfu" x} , lh;;] ;Dk"0f{ g] kfnL hgtf lk58Þ] kg sf lzsf/ xf] ljb] z knfog s/ g] sf] afWo x} , t;y{ ;+3Lo k|0ffnL sf] : jLs[t ;+3Lo ;+ljwfg s] cGtu{t b] t] x'P / fhgLlts, cfly{s, sfg'gL zlQm s] ;fy–;fy / fhsLo zlQm sf] ljs] Gb|Lt s/ t] x'P ;eL If] q sL hgtf sf] zlQm ;DkGg agfg] sL r] i6f xf] gL rflxP . ;fdGtL Joj: yf, If] qLo lje] b, cGofok"0f{ zlQm ;DkGgtf cf} / zf] if0fk"0f{ sfo{z} nL sf] cGt s/ g] s] lnP ;+3Lo ;+ljwfg sL ckl/ xfo{tf cg'ej sL hf / xL x} . ;fy xL xdf/ ] b] z cf} / ;dfh JofKt k/ d'vfk] IfL l:ylt, lgw{gtf, clzIff, a] / f] huf/ L cflb g] g] kfnL : jflddfg Pj+ / fi6«Lotf sf] cf3ft kx'Frf / xf x} , Og ljGb'cf] + sf] x[bo+ud s/ t] x'P eL ;+ljwfg agfgf cfjZos x} .

sf+u|] ;–Pdfn] h} ;] k|d'v ;QfjfbL bnf] + s] åf/ f / fHo k'g;+/ rgf s] ;fy ;fy cGo ljifof] + d] + cfh cfs/ cflwsfl/ s ljrf/ ;+ljwfg;ef s] ;dIf k|: t't s/ / x] x} + . sf+u|] ;–Pdfn] bf] gf] + ;+o'Qm ¿k d] + ckgL ljrf/ f] + sf] / fhgLlts ;+jfb ;ldlt d] + k|: t't s/ s] ox bafj b] gf rfxtf x} ls ;eL sf] xdf/ L ;+o'Qm cjwf/ 0ffcf] + sf] dfggf rflxP sf/ 0f bf] gf] + bnf] + sf ldnfs/ : ki6 ax'dt s] cfwf/ k/ ;+o'Qm cjwf/ 0ff agfs/ ;+ljwfg nfof hf ;stf x} . O;L cf] / ;+s] t s] ¿k d] + Pdfcf] jfbL cf} / dw] zjfbL bnf] + sf ;+o'Qm cfj] uk"0f{ k|ltlqmof kqklqsfcf] + d] + cfg] s] afb l: ylt clglZrt d] + abntL lbvfO{ b] tL x} . O;s] lg/ fs/ 0f x] t' cljnDa cfk;L ljrf/ –ljdz{ s] dfWod ;] c;xdlt sf] ;xdlt d] + abngf h¿/ L x} .

ljljw / fhgLlts ljrf/ f] + s] kIfkftL ;d'bfof] + h} ;] ldlynf, v'Da'jfg, lnDa'cfg, g] jfM cflb efjL ;+ljwfg d] + gxL ;d] 6f uof cyjf Og ;d'bfof] + sL efjgf sf] ;dfj] z s/ olb efjL ;+ljwfg gxL+ cftf x} tf] efjL ;+ljwfg ;j{hg ;+jB Pj+ ;j{hg dfGo gxL+ xf] uf .

larf/ dLdf+zf

;+ljwfg k/ nutf u|x0f;fdGtL Joj: yf, If] qLo lje] b, cGofok"0f{ zlQm ;DkGgtf cf} /

zf] if0fk"0f{ sfo{z} nL sf] cGt s/ g] s] lnP ;+3Lo ;+ljwfg sL

ckl/ xfo{tf cg'ej sL hf / xL x} .


…xd O; b] z sf] s} ;] ckgf sx] + < g] kfn s] d"n k|jfx d] + sxfF x}

xdf/ L kxrfg < oxfF ;] / fhwfgL hfg] s] lnP xd] + b";/ ] b] z ;] u'h/ gf k8Þtf x} . oxfF cTolws u/ LaL tf] x} xL cf} / ljsf; s] gfd d] + s'5 eL tf] gxL+ xf] tf . ;/ sf/ L lgj] z eL Ow/ z"Go s] a/ fa/ x} . sfd s] lnP, bjf–bf? s] lnP, pRr lzIff s] lnP b";/ ] b] z sL z/ 0f d] + hfgf xL k8Þtf x} . ;Ldf s] p; kf/ hft] xL lahnL sL rsfrf} +w b] vt] x} + . n] lsg ckg] b] z d] + ld§L sf t] n eL ;xh pknAw gxL+ x} . xf+nfls b] z g] xd nf] uf] + s] k|lt ;f} t] nf Jojxf/ lsof x} , lkm/ eL O; b] z s] k|lt xd nf] u lgi7fjfg x} + . / fHo ;do d] + xL O; d'2] k/ uDeL/ tf ;] ;f] r] cf} / xd nf] uf] + sL ;xgzLntf sf] xdf/ L sdhf] / L g ;dem] .Ú

…g] kfn sf ef} uf] lns PsLs/ 0f s/ La 9fO{ ;f} jif{ kxn] x'cf yf . n] lsg efjgfTds cf} / ;f+: s[lts ¿k ;] ceL

ts PsLs/ 0f gxL+ xf] ;sf x} . ljz] ifs/ sf7df+8"

cf} / xd] zf zf;g d] + / xg] jfn] ju{ s]

k|lt b] z sL ax't a8ÞL cfjfbL v'z gh/ gxL+ cftL . lk5n] s'5 jiff] {+ d] + O; d] + ;'wf/ s] s'5 k|of; tf] x'P x} +, lkm/ eL / fHo åf/ f gful/ sf] + s] k|lt e"uf] n cyjf ;+: s[lt s] cfwf/ k/ e] befjk"0f{ Jojxf/ rntf / xf . Gofo gxL+ ldnf .Ú

P] ;L cg'e"lt ax'tf] + sL / xL x} . n] lsg ax't a8ÞL ;d: of ox x} ls hf] P] ;L cj: yf sf cGt s/ ;st] x} + of cGofo sf] Gofo d] + kl/ 0ft s/ ;st] x+} , P] ;L x} l;ot / vg] jfn] nf] u O; kL8Þf sf] gxL+ ;demt] x} +, hfgsf/ eL cghfg agt] x} + . pmk/ ;] bDe cf} / cx+sf/ d] + 8"a] / xt] x} + . ox s6' ;To x} . d"n ;d: of eL oxL x} . p; ju{ d] + ceL eL ox e|d x} ls jx ckg] sf] bftf ;demtf x} cf} / xd l;km{ ox b] +u] , Otgf b] +u] sf / fu cnfktf / xtf x} .

b] z d] + gO{ lzIff of] hgf sf sfof{Gjog s/ t] ;do @)#! ;fn d] + cfjZos z} lIfs tYof+s ;+sng tyf gS;f+sg s] lnP ;"b'/ klZrd -;'k_ s] cf5fd cf} / afh'/ f lhnf l: yt x/ ] s ljBfno d] + xd] + hfg] sf cj;/ ldnf . c5fd s] aonkf6f d] + / ft u'hf/ g] s] lnP tTsfnLg lhnf k~rfot

s] ;efklt 8Da/ axfb'/ : jfF/ s] 3/ d] + xd nf] u cltly

x'P . j] vft] kLt] kl/ jf/ s] cf} /

k~rfotL Joj: yf d] + pbf/ wf/ s] k|ltlglwTj s/ g] jfn] dfg] hft] y] . xd nf] u / fhwfgL ;] kx'Fr] y] . ;d;fodlos ljifof] + d] + / ft b] / ts aftrLt x'O{ . ;'b"/ sf] pk] Iff s/ t] x'P ;f} t] nf Jojxf/ s] Gb| åf/ f lsP hfg] ;] oxfF xd nf] u lk58Þ] kg sf bb{ ef] u / x] x} +, –P] ;f pgsf cf/ f] k yf . sf7df+8" cf} / zf;sf] + s] k|lt cfqmf] z eL yf . pgs] syg sf lgisif{ yf– sf] O{ b";/ ] JolQm k/ cGofo s/ tf x} tf] Gofo s] lnP xd / fHo sL z/ 0f d] + hft] x} + . n] lsg ha / fHo xL cGofo s/ ] cyjf e] befj s/ ] tf] hgtf ljb|f] x k/ pt/ ] uL, b";/ f sf] O{ ljsNk gxL+ x} .

;'k sL l: ylt kxn] sL ck] Iff s'5 leGg x} , vf; s/ k"j{–klZrd / fhdfu{ agg] ;] cf} / s0ff{nL d] + k'n sL ;'ljwf xf] g] ;] . ;8Þsf] ;] h'8Þg] k/ kxf8L lhnf] + d] + eL s'5 cfly{s abnfj cfof x} . xf+nfls sf7df+8" ;] ceL eL ax't ;f/ ] ljifof] + d] + dte] b x} . b] z sf b";/ f a8Þf hnfzoo'Qm ;] tL hnljB't\ of] hgf cf} / dxfsfnL k~r] Zj/ h} ;L ljB't\ cfof] hgf s] sfof{Gjog ;] ckgf sfofkn6 xf] uf, O; ;f] r d] + ;'k jiff] {+ ;] cf; nufP a} 7f x} . / fHo ;~rfng d] + Ps x} l;ot sfod / vg] jfn] cf} / b] z rnfg] s] lnP s] Gb|ljGb' d] + / xg] jfn] ;'b"/ klZrd s] nf] u p; : yfg ts kx'Fr] x} + . : yfgLo 8f] 6] nL efiff cf} / 8\

ef]h/fh kf]v/]n

lje] bk"0f{ b[li6 cf}/ vf] vnL / fi6«Lotfgful/ stf s] lnP sfof{no kx'Fr] x'P sltko dw] zL gful/ s sf] u} / g] kfnL sL gh/ ;] eL b] vf uof . n] lsg kxf8 ÞL d"n s] nf] uf] + sf] P] ;L cfz+sf ;] u'h/ gf gxL+ k8 Þf . P] ;] Jojxf/ ;] dw] z s]

;Gbe{ d] + s} ;f ;Gb] z k|efljt xf] uf <

ljZn]if0f


ljZn] if0f

of} 8f sL ;+: s[lt sf] ceL–ceL sf7df+8" d] + k|j] z ldnf x} . j} jflxs ;DaGwf] s] rnt] eL s'5 ghbLlsof+ a9ÞL x} . / fhwfgL d] + 8f] 6] nL s] gfd k/ ckdflgt xf] g] sL l: ylt ca gxL+ x} .

dw] z ceL rrf{ sf s] Gb|ljGb' agf x'cf x} . / fgh} lts ljZn] ifs rGb|lszf] / emf s] cg';f/ dw] z sf7df+8" ;] ghbLsL rfxtf x} n] lsg sf7df+8" v'b sf] b"/ –b"/ / vgf rfxtf x} . pgsf ox ljrf/ dfggLo x} . g] kfn PsLs/ 0f s] afb sf Oltxf; b] vg] k/ / f0ffsfn, zfxsfn cf} / ax'bnsfn d] + eL / fi6«lxt ls;L sL eL k|fyldstf d] + gxL+ / xf . Ps dfq p2] Zo ;Qf cf} / zlQm k|fKt s/ gf xL lbvfO{ lbof . O;L ;Qf cf} / zlQm s] v] n d] + / fi6« sdhf] / xf] tf uof . ;d"r] / fi6« sf ljsf; s/ gf x} , P] ;f pRr ljrf/ gxL+ xf] g] k/ b] z ljsf; s] dfdn] d] + lk58Þtf rnf uof . kl/ 0ffd: j?k ;L=s] / fpt k|j[lQ sf hGd xf] / xf x} .

dw] z sL xL aft n] +, cfd kxf8ÞL lgDg dWod juL{o g] kfnL sL t/ x d} + eL O; syf sf kfq x"F . d] / f hGd cf} / kfng kf] if0f kxf8Þ d] + x'cf . qmdzM xd nf] u pj{/ hdLg sL vf] h d] + t/ fO{ d] + kx'Fr] cf} / 3"dlkm/ s/ sf7df+8" s] lgjf;L x'P . lh; hdLgbf/ sf] d} +g] afNosfn d] + b] vf yf, afb d] + ;Kt/ L sf jxL rf} w/ L b";/ ] sL z/ 0f d] + hf r'sf yf . p;s] ;Lw] kg sf

kmfobf p7f s/ dw] z s] cyjf sO{ afx/ ;] cfs/ a} 7] rfnfs nf] uf] + g] hdLgbf/ rf} w/ L sL h8Þ] lxnf bL . b] vt] –b] vt] hdLgbf/ rf} w/ L ;'s'Daf;L xf] uof . lkm/ eL ;'s'Daf;L cfof] u sL gh/ , p; k/ gxL+ k8ÞL . Otgf xL gxL+, rf} w/ L g] kl/ >d s] ;fy t/ fO{ s] h+un sf hf] ;+/ If0f lsof yf, p;sf unt cy{ nuft] x'P h+un cf} / gbL gfn] sf zf] if0f s/ g] jfn] ;'s'Daf;L ;d"x d] + rf} w/ L sf] bh{

s/ lbof uof . lh; ;'s'Daf;L sf] hdLg ldnL, jx tf] p; hdLg d] + a; uof . n] lsg a] rf/ f rf} w/ L b] vtf / x uof .

g] kfnL d"n s] z/ 0ffly{of] + sf] ;Ldf / Ifs s] ¿k d] + hdLg b] s/ / fHo g] a;fof . O; p2] Zo s] lnP s'5 ;+j] bgzLn ;LdfjtL{ huxf] + d] + kxf8ÞL d"n s] e"tk"j{ ;'/ Iffsld{of] + sf] a;fof uof . O;;] dw] lzof] + s] dg d] + z+sf pTkGg x'O{ . cf} / dw] lzof] + sf] nuf, b] z s] k|lt lgi7f s] af/ ] d] + xd nf] uf] + k/ cfz+sf sL uO{ . dw] z sL udL{ sf] gh/ cGbfh s/ t] x'P bf} / f ;'?jfn cf} / 6f] kL sf] clgjfo{ lsof uof . 6f] kL kxgf x'cf kmf] 6f] gful/ stf s]

lnP clgjfo{ dfgf hfg] nuf . lh;] ldngf rflxP p;] gful/ stf g ldngf cf} / lh;] gxL+ ldngf rflxP, p;] gful/ stf ldngf, P] ;] uf] / vwGw] ;] gful/ stf s] qmd d] + cg] s ljs[ltofF gh/ cfO{+ . gful/ stf s] lnP sfof{no kx'Fr] x'P sltko dw] zL gful/ s sf] u} / g] kfnL sL gh/ ;] eL b] vf uof . n] lsg kxf8 ÞL d"n s] nf] uf] + sf] P] ;L cfz+sf ;] u'h/ gf gxL+ k8 Þf . P] ;] Jojxf/ ;] dw] z s] ;Gbe{ d] + s} ;f ;Gb] z k|efljt

xf] uf <g] kfnL efiff sf] clgjfo{ lsP x'P

krf;f] + jif{ aLtg] k/ eL t/ fO{, sf7df+8" pkTosf, kxf8Þ cf} / pRr lxdfnL If] q s] sltko ;d'bfo ckgL dft[efiff s] cnfjf b";/ L sf] O{ eL efiff ;demg] sL l: ylt d] + ceL eL gxL+ x} + . Ow/ s'5 jiff] {+ ;] t/ fO{ cf} / kxf8ÞL hghfltof] + s] kj{ Tof] xf/ f] + sf] ;/ sf/ L dfGotf bL hf / xL x} . lkm/ eL ;lbof] + ts / fHo g] zf;sf] + s] kj{ sf] xL / fi6«Lo dfGotf bL yL . O; t/ x b";/ f] + sf ;f+: s[lts db{g eL x'cf .

dw] z–t/ fO{ sf] s'5 jif{ kxn] ts zf;sf] + s] lnP lzsf/ sf pko'Qm : yn, / fhZj sf ;|f] t, hf8Þ] ;] arg] sL pko'Qm hux cf} / ckg] rdrf] + s] lnP alVz; s] ¿k d] + bL hfg] jfnL hdLgbf/ L, latf{, df} hf cflb sf pko'Qm : yn dfgf hftf yf . dn] l/ of lgoGq0f s] afb t/ fO{ d] + cfGtl/ s ;'s'Daf;L -cfk|jf;L_ cf} / Ps hux ;] b";/ L hux hfs/ a;g] jfnf] sL af9Þ ;L cf uO{ . n] lsg O;sf nfe dw] z sf] sd ldnf, P] ;f cf/ f] k dw] z sf x} .

dw] z sL dfgjLo kL8Þf cf} / bf?0f x} . lxdfn, kxf8 jf / fhwfgL sxL+ eL k[ys j0f{ s] cfbdL sf] b] vt] xL g] kfnL s] abn] OlG8og ;demg] sL dfgl;stf ceL eL k"0f{ ¿k ;] gxL+ uO{ x} . j} ;f] + sf] ckzAb k|of] u s/ gf cf} / c;dfg Jojxf/ s/ gf Ps ;fdfGo ;L aft xf] uO{ . lstg] nf] u tf] ha s'5 gf/ fh xf] t] x} +, vf;s/ sf7df+8" d] + pgs] d'Fx ;] P] ;] JolQmof] + s] lnP …wf] tLÚ, …OlG8ogÚ cflb zAb lgsn xL hft] x} + . g] jf/ L ;d'bfo d] + tf] …dg' d?

k|zf;g, ;'/ Iff, k/ / fi6« h} ;] / fHo ;~rfng s] c+u d] + xL gxL+, ;dfh sf kyk|bz{s ;zQm dfWod dLl8of s] d"n k|jfx d] + eL kxf8 ÞL d"n sf jr{Zj x} . ;Dj] bgzLntf sf] gh/ cGbfh s/ t] x'P dLl8of ;] xf] g] jfn] sltko k|Zg dw] zL g] tfcf] + sL / fi6«Lotf

k/ cfz+sf bh{ s/ t] x} + . ox vt/ gfs ;f] r x} .


d: of{ vMÚ -cfbdL gxL+ dw] zL x} _ eL sxf hftf yf . s] jn efiff, ¿k / +u Pj+ ;+: s[lt d] + cGt/ xf] g] k/ b] z s] xL gful/ s sf] O; t/ x ckdflgt s/ gf zf] egLo gxL+ xf] tf . xf+nfls ljut s'5 jiff] {+ ;] ha ;] dw] z hfu/ 0f x'cf x} , P] ;L k|j[lQ d] + sdL cfO{ x} . / fi6«jfb ta ts dha"t gxL+ xf] uf, ha ts xd ;eL gful/ s sf] ;dfg gh/ ;] gxL+ b] v] +u] .

k|zf;g, ;'/ Iff, k/ / fi6« h} ;] / fHo ;~rfng s] c+u d] + xL gxL+, ;dfh sf kyk|bz{s ;zQm dfWod dLl8of s] d"n k|jfx d] + eL kxf8ÞL d"n sf jr{Zj x} . ;Dj] bgzLntf sf] gh/ cGbfh s/ t] x'P dLl8of ;] xf] g] jfn] sltko k|Zg dw] zL g] tfcf] + sL / fi6«Lotf k/ cfz+sf bh{ s/ t] x} + . ox vt/ gfs ;f] r x} . dw] z–t/ fO{ s] d'2] sf] u} / dw] zL åf/ f dxTj gf b] gf cf} / dw] zL åf/ f jx d'2f p7fg] k/ ox ljb] zL s] Ozf/ ] k/ x'cf x} cf} / b] z sf] ljvl08t s/ g] sL of] hgf x} , OToflb cfz+sf cf} / cf/ f] k nufg] ;] / fi6«jfbL dLl8of eL ax't a8ÞL e"n s/ / xL x} . p; d] + ckgL d~h"/ L htfg] jfn] ax't ;f/ ] nf] u ldn hft] x} + . ox Ps oyfy{ x} , s'5 bzs cfu] ts ;'/ Iff, k/ / fi6« h} ;] c+uf] + s] k|d'v d] + dw] zL sf] lhDd] bf/ L gxL+ b] gL rflxP, s'5 P] ;L dfGotf clnlvt ¿k d] + ljBdfg yL+ .

sf7df+8" s] lGb|t zf;s of kxf8L d"n s] gful/ s xL P] ;L cj: yf s] lnP lhDd] jf/ gxL+ x} . dw] z sf k|ltlglwTj s/ g] jfn] g] tfu0f ;Qf cf} / zlQm s] k|lt cTolws nfnrL xf] g] k/ j] eL ptg] xL lhDd] bf/ x} + . P] ;f lg: ;+sf] r sxf hf ;stf x} . vf;s/ t/ fO{ d] + xL hf] zlQmzfnL cf} / ba+u ju{ x} +, pgsf Jojxf/ sdhf] / , blnt cf} / lk58] ju{ s] ;fy l;km{ cfklQhgs xL gxL+, ckdfghgs eL x} . n] lsg P] ;f lk58Þf cf} / blnt ju{ / fHo åf/ f seL tf] Gofo ldn] uf, O;L cf; d] + ceL ts hL / xf x} . P] ;] xL Joyf, lstg] xL ;LdfGts[t hghflt eL e'ut / xL x} .

;+;f/ s] clwsf+z b] z ljljwtf d] + cfwfl/ t x} + . ljljwtf jfn] ;dfh s] Joj: yfkg d] + hl6ntf cf} / r'gf} tL tf] xf] tL xL x} . n] lsg hxfF / fHo åf/ f b] z s] cGb/ sL ljljwtf sL ;Dj] bgzLntf sf] Wofg d] + / vt] x'P Joj: yfkg x'cf x} , j] / fHo cf} / ;dfh / fhgLlts ¿k ;]

l: y/ xf] ;s] x} + . hxfF P] ;L ;Dj] bgzLntf k/ plrt Wofg gxL+ lbof uof cf} / Joj: yfksLo sdhf] / L / x uO{, P] ;] ;dfh sf] cg] s b'Mv em] ng] k8Þ] . O;sf lk5nf pbfx/ 0f ;'8fg x} . ljljwtf Joj: yfkg s] af/ ] d] + xd nf] uf] + sf] ef/ t cf} / ;+o'Qm / fHo cd] l/ sf ;] lzIff n] gL rflxP . xdf/ ] oxfF ;} s8f] + efiff–efifL x} + tf] pw/ xhf/ f] + x} + . ef/ t g] k|hftflGqs zf;g k|0ffnL s] åf/ f O;] Jojl: yt lsof . cd] l/ sf s] hf] d"n lgjf;L x} +, pgd] + eL cg] s ljljwtf x} . lk5n] jiff] {+ d] + tf] ljljwtf s] rnt] cd] l/ sf ;+;f/ sf Ps ;femf b] z h} ;f xf] uof . x/ ] s cd] l/ sL v'b sf] cd] l/ sg xf] g] k/ uj{ s/ tf x} . jxfF k|To] s gful/ s / fi6«Lo em08f ckg] 3/ d] + kmx/ ftf x} cf} / cd] l/ sL Pstf d] + dbbuf/ agtf x} . jxfF / fHo åf/ f : yflkt gLlt lgod cf} / dof{bf

s] cGb/ a} 7g] cf} / sfg"g åf/ f zfl;t xf] g] k/ j] nf] u uj{ s/ t] x} + . : yfgLo : t/ d] + clwsf/ sf lgIf] k0f Otgf clws x'cf x} ls sfpG6L -gu/ kflnsf cf} / uflj;_ ;] xL hgtf sf vf; ;/ f] sf/ / xtf x} . ;f/ ] sfd 6\ofS;, hdLg sf k|zf;g, cbfnt, k'ln; cf} / k|zf;g sf ;a sfd oxL+ ;] ;~rflnt xf] t] x} + . lzIff, : jf: Yo, ;8Þs, k] ohn nufot : yfgLo ljsf; sL lhDd] bf/ L sfpG6L sL xf] tL x} . ckg] b] z sL / fhwfgL sxfF x} , ox nf] uf] +

sf] hfgsf/ L gxL+ xf] g] k/ eL sf] O{ vf; cGt/ gxL+ k8Þtf x} .

jf: tj d] + ca|fXd ln+sg g] k|hftGq sL hf] kl/ efiff bL x} – hgtf sf, hgtf s] åf/ f cf} / hgtf s] lnP zf;g . O;sf jf: tljs gd"gf cd] l/ sf d] + b] vg] sf] ldntf x} . ln+sg sL ;f] r s] cg';f/ cd] l/ sf g] ox c;Dej sfd sf] ;Dej s/ lbvfof x} cf} / O;L ;] cfh cd] l/ sg Pstf pbfx/ 0fLo x} .

xdf/ ] oxfF ;+3Lotf sL ax; ceL hf/ L x} . ax; d] + ;/ sf/ cf} / clwsf/ hgtf s] 3/ f] + ts kx'Frfg] sL aft sf] k|fyldstf gxL+ bL uO{ x} . O;s] abn] xd nf] u lstgf k|b] z rflxP cf} / k|b] z sf Sof gfd xf] gf rflxP, O; d] + pnem] x'P x} + . ax't k|b] z sL df+u s/ g] jfn] hKt uP cf} / rf} w k|b] z x'cf tf] eL ;d: of sf lgbfg lbvfO{ gxL+ b] / xf x} . ceL sf7df+8" s] k|lt hf] cfqmf] z x} , eljio d] + P] ;f xL cfqmf] z k|b] z sL / fhwfgL s] k|lt b] vf hfPuf . p;s] afb k|b] zf] + d] + eL zlQm hgtf s] tx ts s} ;] kx'Fr] , O;sf ljjfb l58Þ] uf .

ljut d] + hfg] cghfg] , hf] sdL–sdhf] / L yL, of ls;L s] k|lt cGofo x'cf yf, pg ;eL d'2f] + sf] ;Daf] wg s/ g] sL dxTjk"0f{ 38ÞL d] + ceL xd x} + . xdf/ ] kf; ax't ;f/ ] cj;/ x} + . O;LlnP ca sf} g zf;s cf} / sf} g zfl;t <

/ fHo åf/ f e"uf] n, ln+u, ;d'bfo, efiff jf cGo ls;L sf/ 0f ;] hf] lje] b d] + / x] x} +, pgsf] yf] 8ÞL ;L eL tsnLkm g b] t] x'P ckg] –ckg] bnLo : jfy{ cf} / ;+sL0f{tf ;] pmk/ p7 s/ cNksfnLg jf] 6 sL / fhgLlt ;] v'b sf] cnu / v s/ b] z sL cj: yf sf] b] vt] x'P 7f] ; lg0f{o n] g] cf} / p;s] cg';f/ sfd s/ g] sf ;do x} , ox .

ca agg] jfn] ;+ljwfg ;] P] ;f ;dfh ag] , hxfF k|To] s g] kfnL gful/ s xd g] kfnL x} +, sx s/ ;Lgf tfg ;s] . ;a;] kxn] g] kfnL x} +, p;s] afb xd cd's ;d"x jf ;Dk|bfo s] x} +, P] ;f ;demg] cf} / sxg] sf jftfj/ 0f ;+ljwfg b] ;s] . ha x/ g] kfnL g] kfn sf] ckgf ;demg] nu] uf tf] / fi6«Lotf : jtM dha"t xf] uL cf} / g] kfn sL cIf'0ftf cgGtsfn ts sfod / x] uL . lll

-kf] v/ ] n lgjf{rg cfof] u s] k"j{ k|d'v cfo'Qm x} +_ . ;fef/ M sflGtk'/ b} lgs_

ljZn] if0f

sf7df+8" s] lGb|t zf;s of kxf8L d"n s] gful/ s xL P] ;L cj: yf s] lnP lhDd] jf/ gxL+ x} . dw] z sf k|ltlglwTj s/ g] jfn] g] tfu0f ;Qf cf} / zlQm s] k|lt cTolws nfnrL xf] g] k/ j] eL ptg] xL lhDd] bf/ x} + . P] ;f lg: ;+sf] r sxf hf ;stf x} . vf;s/ t/ fO{ d] + xL hf] zlQmzfnL cf} / ba+u

ju{ x} +, pgsf Jojxf/ sdhf] / , blnt cf} / lk58] ju{ s] ;fy l;km{ cfklQhgs xL gxL+, ckdfghgs eL x} .


Oltxf; ;fIfL x} , @)^# d] + ;+3Lotf sL dfFu sf] gh/ c+bfh s/ ha

c+t/ Ld ;+ljwfg agf tf] p;] hnfof uof . hnfg] sL gf} at cfh eL x} . p; jSt ha dw] zL hgtf g] ox sbd p7fof yf tf] pgsL ;+Vof gu0o yL . lsGt' ha zf;sju{ sL bdg gLlt g] ;/ p7fof tf] dw] z cfGbf] ng sL cfu P] ;L e8ÞsL ls p;sL tlkz sf] dx;"; s/ t] x'P cGtl/ d ;+ljwfg d] + ;+zf] wg s/ s] ;+3Lotf sf] kl/ eflift s/ g] sL sf] lzz sL uO{ . lsGt' cfh eL ox sf] lzz sf] O{ / +u gxL+ lbvf kfO{ x} . xd ;ag] arkg d] + Ps sxfgL k9ÞL xf] uL, …s5'P cf} / v/ uf] z sL sxfgLÚ . sxfgL d] + cx+sf/ sL db sL jhx ;] v/ uf] z sL tLj|tf g] dft vfO{ yL cf} / xd] + ox ;Lv ldnL yL ls w} o{ cf} / a'l4 ;] a8ÞL–;] –a8ÞL r'gf} ltof] + ;] n8Þf hf ;stf x} cf} / hLtf eL hf ;stf x} . oxfF O;sL rrf{ s/ g] sf tfTko{ ox x} ls ceL s] kl/ b[Zo d] + v/ uf] z sL tLj|tf sf tf] ;jfn xL gxL+ p7tf lsGt' s5'P sL lh; d+y/ ult sf] xd b] vt] cf / x] x} + O;d] + b"/ –b"/ ts ox pDdLb gxL+ lbv / xL ls p;sL w} o{tf ;] p;] sf] O{ ;xL d+lhn

ldng] jfnL x} . ;jfn ox x} ls O;d] + a'l4 sL sdL x} of Tofu sL < hxfF ts w} o{ sf ;jfn x} , tf] jx tf] dw] z sL ld6\6L d] + ax't x} cfh eL jx ckg] w} o{ sf kl/ ro b] / xL x} lsGt' sa ts < dw] z ljb|f] x s] ts/ Ljg cf7 jif{ aLt r's] x} + . Og cf7 jiff] {+ d] + dw] z g] Sof xfl;n lsof < xfF s'5 zAb p;s] lx: ;] d] + cjZo cfP d;ng ;dfj] zLs/ 0f, ;dfg'kftL, ;xeflutf cf} / Psfw pRrkb . zAbf] + g] s'5 If0f s] lnP t'i6 lsof cf} / kbf] + g] cf} / f] + sL lgufxf] + d] + dgf] an a9fof . / fHo d] + p;sf k|ltlglwTj l;km{ k|tLsfTds x} ;f/ e"t gxL+ . / fHo s] ;eL dxTjk"0f{ c+u d] + dw] z gu0o x} ox tYo cf} / cfFs8Þ] atft] x} + . cfh ha ;dfgtf s] clwsf/ sL aft xf] tL x} tf] s'5 kbf] + cf} / JolStof] + s] gfd sf] lugfs/ sxf hftf x} ls cf} / Sof rflxP . clwsf/ sL dfFu xf] tL x} tf] ljv08gsf/ L sf tduf ldntf x} . ljut s] s'5 xL dxLgf] + d] + dw] z d] + lhtgL eL 36gfPF 36L+ rfx] jf] km] za's sd] +6 sf08 xf] , ;L=s] =/ fpt lu/ kmtf/ L k|s/ 0f xf] , ljsf; sL dfFu s/ g] jfn] hogf/ fo0f k6] n sL df} t sf ;jfn xf] of k|x/ L lgo+q0f d] + tfhk'l/ of

xTofsf08 xf] , Og ;a d] + ;Qf kIf sL bdg gLlt cf} / dw] z s] k|ltlglwof] + sL vfdf] zL cf} / slyt bvnc+bfhL uf} / tna x} . k|To] s 36gf d] + ;Qf sL pk] Iffk"0f{ gLlt cf} / dw] zL g] tfcf] + sL vfgfk"lt{ : ki6 b] vg] sf] ldn / xL x} . v} / .

dw] z s] g] tfcf] + g] gf/ f lbof yf …Ps dw] z Ps k|b] zÚ . dw] zL hgtf pT;flxt yL ls ca pGx] + cf} / pgs] cl: tTj sf] kxrfg ldn] uL . pgsL d] xgt sf kmn eL pGx] + xL ldn] uf cf} / zf;g s] x/ If] q d] + pGx] + : yfg ldn] uf . kmn: j¿k ckg] k|ltlglwof] + sf] pGxf] +g] r'gf . lsGt' lhgs] xfyf] + dw] z sL ktjf/ yL pGxf] +g] xL sZtL sf] 8'af] of . Ps dw] z cf} / Ps k|b] z sL dfFu s/ g] jfn] v'b gf hfg] lstg] 6's8Þf] + d] + aF6 uP . Ogs] wgdf] x, kl/ jf/ df] x cf} / hfltdf] x g] dw] zdf] x sf] sxL+ k/ ] 9s] n lbof . dw] z v'b ;] 7uf uof . cj;/ jfbL g] tf cfh eL O;;] lgsn gxL+ kf / x] cf} / O;sL kL8Þf dw] z sL hgtf cfh ts e'ut / xL x} . dw] z sf] cfh eL s'5 xfl;n gxL+ xf] g] jfnf x} ox nueu to xf] r'sf x} . sn ts Ps dw] z Ps k|b] z sL dfFu cfh Ps dw] z bf] k|b] z

ljZn] if0f

v] n / fhgLlt sf cf} / lgolt dw] z sL

8f= Zj]tf bLlKt

dw] z ljb|f] x s] ts/ Ljg cf7 jif{ aLt r's] x} + . Og cf7 jiff] {+ d] +

dw] z g] Sof xfl;n lsof < xfF s'5 zAb p;s] lx: ;] d] + cjZo cfP

d;ng ;dfj] zLs/ 0f, ;dfg'kftL, ;xeflutf cf} / Psfw pRrkb .


d] + abn r'sf x} cf} / ;Qf;Lg tf] cf} / eL g hfg] lstg] 6's8Þf] + d] + afF6g] cf} / dw] z sL l: ylt sf] cf} / eL nr/ agfg] s] lnP t} of/ a} 7] x'P x} + . ;Qf gfds/ 0f cf} / k|b] z aF6jf/ ] d] + pnemL x'O{ x} . ;+jfb ;ldlt sL ;eL a} 7s] + lagf ls;L lgisif{ s] vTd xf] tL / xL+ cf} / ca tf] pgs] kf; ;do xL gxL+ x} . k|b] z aF6jf/ ] d] + eL p;] sdhf] / agfg] sL k"/ L sf] lzz sL hf / xL x} cu/ jx dfGo xf] uof tf] dw] z s] lnP jx cfTd3ftL xL ;flat xf] uf . dw] z sL l: ylt cfufdL lbgf] + d] + Sof xf] uL ox tf] cfGbf] ng s] kZrft\ xL sfod xf] r'sf yf . dw] zL hgtf ckg] pmk/ x'P lje] b s] sf/ 0f xL cnu k|fGt rfxtL yL lsGt' cfGbf] ng s] afb / fHo g] xL ox to lsof yf ls dw] z sf] : jfoQ k|b] z sL dfGotf bL hfPuL . lsGt' g] tfcf] + g] P] ;L gLlt ckgfO{ ls aft hftLotf, kxrfg

cflb d'b\bf] + d] + pnemtL rnL uO{ . cfh cu/ dw] z ;] lsP uP jfb] s] ljk/ Lt s'5 km} ;n] lnP hft] x} + tf] cfu] sL / fx cf} / eL pnem hfPuL ox tf] to x} . en] xL dw] z g] dw] zL g] tfcf] + sf] gsf/ f xf] lsGt' O;sf cy{ ox tf] sbflk gxL+ lgsfngf rflxP ls p;g] ckg] cfTd;Ddfg sf] lu/ jL / v lbof x} .

v} l/ ot x} ls ca sO{ ;an dw] zL g] tfcf] + sf] dw] z s] ;fy lsP uP jfb] ofb cf / x] x} + . lsGt' P] ;] dw] zL g] tfcf] + sL sdL eL gxL+ x} hf] dw] z sf] hftLotf, ;+: s[lt

cf} / kxrfg s] gfd k/ sO{ 6's8Þf] + d] + afF6g] s] lnP t} of/ x} + cf} / / f] h sf] O{ gf sf] O{ jStJo hf/ L s/ / x] x} + . ljho uR5bf/ hL : ki6 sx / x] x} + ls dw] z sf] Ps gxL+ bf] k|b] z d] + afF6f hfo, y?x6 t/ fO{ kf6L{ s] g] tf uf] kfn blxt sf dfggf x} ls t/ fO{ sf] tLg efuf] + d] + afF6f hfo jxL+ g] kfn gful/ s kf6L{ s] cWoIf / fhs'df/ n] vL sf sxgf x} ls kxf8Þ cf} / t/ fO{ sL hg;+Vof ;dfg x} O;lnP k|b] z sf aF6jf/ f eL ;dfg xL xf] gf rflxP . Og ;eL ljrf/ f] + d] + b"/ blz{tf sxL+ gh/ gxL+ cf / xL l;jf O;s] ls cfh eL hgtf sL efjgfcf] + sf] ps;fs/ / fhgLlt sL lvr8ÞL ksfO{ hf / xL x} . kxrfg, ;+: s[lt, efiff o] s'5 P] ;] efj's zAb x} + lh;d] + ls;L eL ;d'bfo ljz] if sf] pnemfs/ g] tfu0f ckgL : jfy{l;l4 s/ t] / x] x} + . lsGt' ls;L eL If] q sf ljsf; p;sL ;d[l4 cf} / ;fdYo{ k/

lge{/ s/ tf x} . cu/ cfks] kf; jxL gxL+ x} tf] cfksL kxrfg cf} / ;+: s[lt tf] : jo+ ld6 hfPuL . ;d[l4 cf} / ;fdYo{ s] lnP Psh'6tf sL cfjZostf xf] tL x} . ;f] rg] jfnL aft tf] ox x} ls cfhts dw] z lh; lje] b cf} / zf] if0f sf lzsf/ xf] tf cfof x} Sof jx hflt ljz] if yf, If] q ljz] if yf of ju{ ljz] if yf < gxL+ ox zf] if0f ;du| d] + yf . tf] cfh ha : jfoQf sL aft p7 / xL x} , clwsf/ sL aft p7 / xL x} , : jzf;g sL aft p7 / xL x} tf] Sof] + pGx] + cfk; d] + xL ljnufj sL / fx k/

n] hfg] sL sf] lzz sL hf / xL x} . ha ha clwsf/ sL aft x'O{ ls;L gf ls;L t/ x km"6 8fns/ p;] / f] sf uof . dw] z s] ljsf; d] + cfh jxL g] tf afwf ag] x'P x} + lhGx] + dw] z s] ljsf; s] lnP s] lnP r'gf uof yf . pgsL df} sfk/ : tL cf} / ;Qf df] x g] dw] z sf] aaf{bL s] suf/ k/ nf v8Þf lsof x} . cfh eL jf] O;;] afh gxL+ cf / x] x} + . dw] zjfbL bnf] + sf] lh; lje] b g] hGd lbof yf cfh pgsL cj;/ jflbtf cf} / kl/ jf/ df] x g] pGx] + ktg sL cf] / ws] n lbof x} .

ljut sf] b] v] + tf] gfds/ 0f, Psn kxrfg, ax'kxrfg cflb h} ;] cgfjZos aftf] + d] + ;do uFjfs/ kxnf ;+ljwfg;ef e+u lsof uof cf} / cfh sd ;] sd k|b] z agfgf, pgs] gfds/ 0f cflb h} ;] d;n] k/ pnem] x'P x} + lh;;] ox tf] hflx/ x} ls lgwf{l/ t ;do k/ ;+ljwfg hgtf sf] ldng] jfnf gxL+ x} . o] ;f/ ] k|of; P] ;] x} + hf] / fHo k'gM;+/ rgf cf} / ;+3Lotf sL dxQf sf] sdhf] / s/ / x] x} + cf} / Ps af/ lkm/ hf] lje] b cf} / c;dfgtf s] lzsf/ x} + pGx] + lsgf/ ] s/ g] sL ;flhz sL hf / xL x} . Ps kIf hftLo ;+3Lotf cf} / clwsf/ sL aft sf] 5f] 8Þs/ k|b] z gfds/ 0f ;+Vof cflb s] ;jfn d] + pnem] x} + tf] b";/ f kIf ckg] ax'dt sL wfs cf} / zf;sLo tfst s] db d] + ckgL O{R5f ha/ g yf] kg] s] c/ fhsLo v] n d] + Jo: t x} + . ox ;r x} ls / fhgLlt d] + Ps : j/ cf} / Ps ljrf/ gxL+ xf] t] , lsGt' ox eL Ps ;r x} ls ljZj d] + sO{ pbfx/ 0f P] ;] x} + hxfF oxfF ;] sxL+ clws hl6n ;d: of xf] g] s] afjh"b ;+ljwfg agf eL x} cf} / nfu" eL x'cf x} . jftf{ ;] a8Þ] a8Þ] d;n] xn x'P x} + tf] cflv/ O; b] z s] s0f{wf/ Otg] cIfd Sof] + xf] / x] x} + < of tf] pgd] + hHaf gxL+ x} of jf] dfdn] sL uDeL/ tf sf] ;xL gxL+ cfFs / x] x} + cf} / ;Qf zlSt sf cfgGb n] / x] x} + . lsGt' as/ ] sL dfF sa ts v} / dgfPuL o] b] vgf x} . lll

dw] z s] g] tfcf] + g] gf/ f lbof yf …Ps dw] z Ps k|b] zÚ. dw] zL hgtf pT;flxt yL ls ca pGx] + cf} / pgs] cl: tTj sf] kxrfg ldn] uL . pgsL d] xgt sf kmn eL pGx] + xL ldn] uf cf} / zf;g s] x/ If] q d] + pGx] + : yfg ldn] uf . kmn: j¿k ckg] k|ltlglwof] + sf] pGxf] +g] r'gf . lsGt' lhgs] xfyf] +

dw] z sL ktjf/ yL pGxf] +g] xL sZtL sf] 8'af] of .

ljZn] if0f


dw] zjfbL bn lkm/ cfGbf] ng sL cf] / <

ljgo s'df/

dw] z cf} / dw] zL / fhgLlts clwsf/ , cfly{s pGglt, ;f+: s[lts kxrfg, k|fs[lts >f] t ;fwgf] + s] pkof] u d+] ljut ;] xL lje] b xf] tf cf / xf x} . dw] z s] ;fy x'P bdg cf} / cTofrf/ ;] dw] zL kLl8 Þt x'P cf} / ha ;xg] sL Ifdtf hftL / xL tf] cfGbf] ng sf lau'n km\"+sf uof . p; cfGbf] ng ;] x'O{ pknlAw eL cfh r/ d/ fg] nuL x} . ;do abn r'sf x} cf} / kl/ l: ylt lau8 ÞtL hf / xL x} . b] z d] + s} ;L / fHo k'g{;+/ rgf, lgjf{rg k|0ffnL, zf;sLo : j?k xf] O; aft k/ ;+ljwfg;ef sL uf8 ÞL cfs/ ?sL x} . b] z sL jt{dfg cj: yf s] dfu{ c1ft x+} . 7Ls / fx k/ rng] s] lnP dfu{ lbvfg] jfnf sf] O{ lg0ff{os 6Ld gxL+ x} . * df3 cyf{t\ ;+ljwfg hf/ L xf] g] sf lbg t] hL ;] ghbLs cf / xf x} . / fHo k'g;{+/ rgf cf} / zf;sLo : j?k h} ;] ljjflbt ljifof] + k/ ;xdlt xf] g] sf jftfj/ 0f lbv gxL+ / xf x} .

b";/ ] ;+ljwfg;ef ;] tL;/ L kf6L{ ag] Pg] skf dfcf] afbL @@ bnLo ;+3Lotf kIfLo df] rf{ agfs/ cfu] lgsn k8Þf x} . wd{lg/ k] Iftf lj/ f] wL lxGb"/ fHo sf] ;+ljwfg d] + ;'lglZrt s/ g] s] lnP b] z e/ ckgf hgnx/ v8Þf s/ g] d] + h'6 r's] x+} . ;Qf;Lg sf+u|] ; cf} / Pdfn] g] & k|b] z sL ;femf cjwf/ 0ff k|: t't sL x} . O; t/ km df] rf{ s] g] t[Tj s/ / x] g] tf k|r08 g] P] ;] k|b] zLo vfsf ;] b] z d'7e] 8 sL cf] / hf ;stf x} P] ;L s8ÞL cleJolQm bL x} . dw] zjfbL bn t/ fO{ sf] 6's8Þ] –6's8] Þ agfg] sf sf+u|] ;–Pdfn] b'ik|of; ;kmn gf xf] g] b] g] s] cEof; d+] h'6] x} + . jt{dfg kl/ l: ylt d] + dw] zjfbL kfl6{of] + sL / fhgLlts cf} / ;f+u7lgs ultljlw k|: t't x} M

;+ljwfg hf/ L x'cf tf] ;+ljwfg;ef 5f] 8s/ ;8Þs cfGbf] ng åf/ f gof

;+ljwfg 3f] if0ff s/ g] sL r] tfjgL b] t] x} + .;+u7gf] + sf] ;lqmo cf} / dha"t agfg] d] +

kf6L{ h'6L x} . xfn xL d] + k;f{ d+] kf6L{ k|j] z sfo{qmd ;DkGg x'cf . dw] zL hg clwsf/ kmf] / d s] s] Gb|Lo ;b: o jL/ ] Gb| ofbj sL cWoIftf d+] cfof] lht kf6L{ k|j] z sfo{qmd d] + kf6L{ s] pkfWoIf cf} / ;ef;b nfnafa' / fpt, df} nfgf g"/ xf] bf, k|bLk ofbj, s] Gb|Lo ;Nnfxsf/ aRrf ofbj tyf sl/ df a] ud h} ;] jQmfcf] g] + eL ckg] larf/ JoQm lsP . sfo{qmd d] + dbg rf} xfg, df] xDdb ;nfp2Lg cG;f/ L ;lxt ;f} ;] clws clws sfo{stf{ ljleGg kf6L{ 5f] 8s/ kmf] / d g] kfn d] k|lji6 x'P . P] ;] sfo{qmd cf} / lhn] d] + eL hf/ L x+} .

Ps dw] z Ps k|b] z s] lagf sf] O{ eL ;+ljwfg ls;L eL ¿k d] + dhkmf] g] kfn kf6L{ sf] dfGo gxL+ xf] uf . sf+u|] ; cf} / Pdfn] åf/ f ;xdlt s] lagf k|lqmof ;] ;+ljwfg hf/ L s/ g] k/ xdf/ L 3f] / cfklQ x} cf} / P] ;f ;+ljwfg kf6L{ sf] : jLsfo{ gxL+ xf] uf . ;+ljwfg ;ef ;] dw] zL, blnt, cflbjf;L, hghflt sf clwsf/ : yflkt gxL+ x'cf tf] ckgL dft[e"ld ;] clwsf/ s] lno] n8Þg] s] l;jf b";/ f cf} / sf] O{ pkfo gxL+ / x hfPuf . dw] z ls;L sf u'nfd gxL+ x} + dw] z zflGt rfxtf x} . dw] z s] clxt d] +

sf+u|] ;–Pdfn] g] ;+3if{ k/ pt/ g] s] lnP afWo lsof x} . sf+u|] ; Pdfn] s] u} / lhDd] jf/ fgf

/ j} o] cf} / ceL ts s] cfGbf] ng sL pknlAwof] + sf] ;dfKt s/ g] sL of] hgf ;] b] z ;+3if{ d] hf r'sf x} . tdnf] kf sf] ;+3if{ s/ gf k8] Þ xd ox gxL+ rfxt] y] . sf+u|] ; cf} / Pdfn] g] & k|b] z sL ;+3Lo ;+/ rgf k|: t't s/ s] ljut d] + x'P dw] z cfGbf] ng, blnt–hghflt, lk58Þ] ju{ s] ;fy x'P ;demf} t] sf] nnsf/ f x} , ox sbflk dGh"/ gxL+ x} . ljut s] cfGbf] ng ;] ldnL pknlAwof] + sf] arfg] cf} / ;+: yfut s/ g] s] lnP b";/ ] cfGbf] ng sL cfjZostf cf uO{ x} . ca O; ;+3if{ sf] sf] O{ / f] s gxL+ kfPuf, tdf] nkf O; ;+3if{ sf] cfu] a9Þfg] s] lnP cf} / cu'jfO{ s/ g] s] lnP t} of/ x} . kxrfg cf} / ;fdYo{ s] cfwf/ k/ ;+3Lotf lgdf{0f xf] gf rflxo] du/ sf+u|] ;

x[bo] z lqkf7L, pkfWoIft/ fO{ dw] z nf] stflGqs kf6L{

pk] Gb| ofbj cWoIf,dw] zL hgclwsf/ kmf] / d -g] kfn_

Pdfn] åf/ f k|: t't k|: tfj d] + gf kxrfg x} gf ;fdYo{ . o] lbjfnL s] ;do d] + sf} 8Þf sf v] n v] nf uof x} , Pdfn] cWoIf s] kL cf] nL sL cf] / ;] . j] seL rf} sf seL ltof df/ g] sf cEof; s/ / x] x} +, ox ;f} b] afhL tdnf] kf sf] : jLsf/ gxL+ . t/ fO{ dw] z sf Ps OGr e"–efu eL b";/ ] e"–efu ;] hf] 8g] s] kIf d] + xd gxL+ x} +, ox laNs'n : ki6 x} . ;du| dw] z Ps k|b] z gxL+ eL ag] n] lsg t/ fO{ dw] z sf e"–efu b";/ ] e"–efu d] gxL+ hfgf rflxo] . cGtl/ d ;+ljwfg !#*-s_ d] + / fHo k'g;{/ rgf cfof] u cf} / ;ldlt åf/ f : yflkt lsP uP d"No dfGotfcf] + s] ljk/ Lt x} . ;+3if{ s] lnP xd ckg] ;+u7g cf} / sfo{stf{cf] + sf] t} of/ / xg] s] lnP ckLn s/ t] x+} .

xd ckg] ;f+u7lgs ultljlw hf] 8Þtf] 8Þ s] ;fy cfu] a9Þf / x] x} + . ax't lhnf] + d] + clwj] zg, If] qLo ;ef–;df/ f] x ;DkGg s/ r's] x} + cf} / @÷$ hux af+sL eL x} . ca xd kf6L{ s] s] Gb|Lo dxflwj] zg sL cf] / hf / x] x} + . k|lzIf0f sf sfo{qmd eL to x'cf x} .

rrf{


;+3Lo ;dfhjfbL kf6L{ dw] zjfbL bnf] + s] aLr Jofks Pstf cf} / ;xsfo{ sL cfjZostf k/ hf] / b] tL x} . ;+3Lo ;b\efjgf kf6L{ g] lgjf{rg ;] kxn] eL dw] zL Pstf s] kIf d] k|oTg lsof yf n] lsg b";/ L dw] zjfbL kf6L{ cf} / g] tf s] bDe s] sf/ 0f ox ;Dej gxL+ xf] kfof . lgjf{rg d] + x'O{ xf/ sL Ifltk"lt{ cfk;L ;xdlt, ;xsfo{, cfGbf] ng cf} / ;+3if{ ;] xL ;Dej xf] g] sL aft xdf/ f dfggf x} . ;+ljwfg;ef ;] dw] z, dw] zjfb, ;+3Lotf, ;dfg'kflts k|ltlglwTj, ;dfj] zLs/ 0f agg] afn] ;+ljwfg d] + ;'lglZrt xf] gf rflxo] . @@ bn jfn] df] r] { ;] O; dfdn] d] + s'5 sfd xf] t] x'P eL cfjZos k"0f{tf ldng] sL pDdLb gxL+ x} . ;du| dw] z : jfoQ Ps k|b] z sf d'b\bf xd 5f] 8Þs/ cfu] gxL+ a9Þ ;st] . k|wfgdGqL sfo{sf/ L cf} / / fi6«klt cfn+sfl/ s xf] kf6L{ sL ox wf/ 0ff / xtL cfoL x} .

kf6L{ ceL ;f+u7lgs sfo{ d] ;lqmo x} . k"j{ d] + emfkf, df] / ª, ?kGb] xL, ;'g;/ L d] + sfo{qmd ;DkGg s/ r's] x} + . klZrd d] + eL alb{of d] + ;DkGg s/ s] s} nfnL, s~rgk'/ d] + eL ;+fu7lgs sfo{ rn / xf x} + lh; d] + xdf/ f Ps xL p2] ] Zo x} ;+3Lotf k/ hf] / b] gf .

clgn s'df/ emf, cWoIf;+3Lo ;b\efjgf kf6L{_

;+3Lotf kxrfg s] cfwf/ k/ xf] gf rflxo] g ls e"uf] n s] cfwf/ k/ . sf+u|] ; cf} / Pdfn] e"uf] n s] cfwf/ k/ ;+3Lotf nfP+u] tf] xdf/ L kf6L{ O;sf 3f] / lj/ f] w htftL x} . kf6L{ dxf;lrj dgLif ;'dg g] sxf, …sf+u|] ;–Pdfn] sf k|: tfj / fhf dx] Gb| sL gLlt sL k'g/ fj[lQ x} .Ú P] ;L ;+3Lotf k"j{ d+] / x] / fhj+zL, ;Gyfn, uGufO{, tfhk'/ Lof, p/ fj hflt sL kxrfg cf} / klZrd d] + / fgf yf¿ hflt sf Oltxf; ld6f b] uL .

xd ;+3Lotf s] d'b\b] k/ s'5 nrstf ckgfP x'P x} + . t/ fO{ d] + bf] k|b] z xf] uf tf] p; d] + kf6L{ sL eL ;xdlt x} . hj{b: tL ax'dt s] 3d08 ;] ;+ljwfg nfbg] sL sf] zLz sL uO{

dgLif ;'dg, dxf;lrj/ fi6«Lo ;b\efjgf kf6L{

ofbf] + s] em/ f] v] ;] lh;s] ;Dd'v o'u–o'u sf d: ts em's hfP .lh;sL ult s] cfu] , hu sL ult ?s hfP .lh;sL Jofkstf d] + O{Zj/ vf] hfP : jo+,lh;sL / rgf d] + ljlw sf j} ej r"s hfP .hf] ckgL d': sfgf] + ;] k|f0ff] + sf] an b] ,d} + dfgjtf s] p;L ¿k sf k"hs x"F .

–hubLz u'Kt

tf] ;b\efjgf g] ;bg ;] / fhLgfdf b] s/ ;8Þs ;+3if{ s/ g] sL r] tfjgL bL x} . g] kfn s] cGtl/ d ;+ljwfg @)^# s] åf/ f ag] pRr: t/ Lo cfof] u s] cg';f/ !! k|b] zLo ;+3Lo ;+/ rgf xf] gL rflxo] . !@ ;"qLo ;Demf} tf s] txt ;+3Lotf cf} / ;+ljwfg gxL+ agf tf] b'ef{Uok"0f{ xf] uf . ;b\efjgf kf6L{ efb| @^ ut] ;] ;++u7g lgdf{0f d] h'6L x'O{ x} .

ox qmd sflt{s df;fGt ts rng] sL hfgsf/ L x} . dw] z s] @@ lhn] d+] OGrfh{ sf rog lsof uof x} . ckg] – ckg] lhn] d] + If] qLo ;ef s/ s] ;+u7g ljefu eL agfof uof x} . ;+u7g s] k'g{{u7g, a} 7s, juL{o d~r sf sfd eL cfu] a9 / xf x} . dfu{zLif{ ! ut] sf7df8" d+] a} 7s xf] uL cf} / / fi6«Lo cWoIf ;lxt s] Gb|Lo g] tfu0f åf/ f k|lzIf0f b] g] sf sfo{qmd x} .

rrf{


k'/ fgL sxfjt x} , …afjrL{ Hofbf xf] tf] ;AhL v/ fa xf] hftL x} .Ú

of] hgfj4 9+u ;] a;fof uof g] kfn sf kxnf gu/ / fhlj/ fh sL xfnt eL s'5 P] ;L xL x} . ef/ tLo ;Ldf ;] h'8Þ] blIf0f–klZrdL O; zx/ sf] gu/ kflnsf sf bhf{ ldnf x} , n] lsg b'ef{Uo ox ;'Gb/ gu/ lbgf] lbg s'¿k agtf hf / xf x} . lk5n] bf] bzsf] + ;] oxfF ljsf; sf sfd nueu gxL+ s] a/ fa/ x} . ;/ sf/ sL pbf;Lgtf cf} / : yfgLojf;L d] + r] tgf s] cefj s] sf/ 0f ox gu/ ufFj sL cf] / pGd'v x} .

o'jf g] tf Pj+ g] kfnL sfFu|] ; s] ;ef;b / +lht s0f{ sf sxgf x} – / fhlj/ fh g] ax't ;] g] tfcf+] sf] hGd lbof n] lsg g] tfcf] + g] seL eL O; zx/ s] ljsf; s] af/ ] d+] gxL+ ;f] rf . s[lif, lzIff, : jf: Yo h} ;] ufFj cf} / zx/ bf] gf] + s] lnP cfjZos ;eL k"jf{wf/ s] xf] t] x'P eL g] tfcf] + g] / fhlj/ fh s] ljsf; sf] seL Ph] G8f agfof xL gxL+ . ef/ t sL ;Ldf ;] n] s/ g] kfn s] kxf8L Onfs] s] ;fy ;Lwf ;Dks{ xf] t] x'P eL ox zx/ ljsf; ;] sf] ;f] + b"/ xf] uof x} . hftLo gf/ f nufs/ kof{Kt ;+efjgf jfn] O; zx/ sf] g] tfcf] + g] tafx s/ lbof . ;ef;b s0f{ sxt] x} +– ax't xf] r'sf, ca sfd s/ g] sf ;do cf uof x} . ljsf; s] Ph] G8f k/ ;eL bnf] + sf] Ps xf] gf k8] Þuf cf} / hgtf sf] eL ;fy b] gf xL xf] uf .

;ef;b s0f{ sL aft ax't xb ts ;xL lbvtL x} . ckg] gu/ sf ljsf; xf] oxL ;f] rs/ hgtf jf] 6 b] tL x} . g] tf k/ ljZjf; s/ hgtf ckgf hgk|ltlglw agfs/ ;+;b d] + e] htL x} . n] lsg b'ef{Uo xL sxgf rflxP / fhlj/ fh ;] hgk|ltlglw r'g] uo] ljleGg bn s] g] tfcf] + g] zfob xL ;+;b d] + oxfF s] ljsf; s] af/ ] d] + ;jfn p7fof xf] . r'gfj

hLt s/ hfg] s] afb lkm/ jf] cunL r'gfj d] + xL bz{g b] t] x} + cf} / cun] lgjf{rg d] + j] lkm/ hftLo lje] b sf] d'2f agf n] t] x+} cf} / hgtf sL cfFvf] d] + w"n emf] +ss/ lkm/ ;+;b d] + kx'Fr hft] x} + .

PsLs[t g] skf dfcf] jfbL s] ;ef;b pd] z s'df/ ofbj sf eL dfggf x} ljleGg / fhgLlts bn s] g] tfcf] + g] / fhlj/ fh s] ljsf; sf] cj?4 s/ lbof . k|hftGq k'g: yf{kgf s] afb tf] / fhlj/ fh s] ljsf; sL ult xL ?s uoL . s] Gb| g] / fhlj/ fh gu/ kflnsf s] ;fy xd] zf xL lje] b lsof cf} / ;Qf d] + / x] bn s] : yfgLo g] tfcf] + g] p; lje] b sf] : jLsf/ lsof cf} / ca cfs/ / fhlj/ fh s] ljsf; sf ;a;] a8Þf b'Zdg sf] O{ x} tf] – ckmjfx . ;ef;b ofbj sxt] x+} ls– lgof] lht 9+u ;] ckmjfx km} nfoL uoL x} ls pBf] u, wGbf, sn sf/ vfgf s] lnP / fhlj/ fh sf jftfj/ 0f 7Ls gxL+ . b] ze/ sL aft s/ ] + tf] / fhlj/ fh h} ;f zfGt zx/ cf} / sf] O{ gxL+ n] lsg ckmjfx s] sf/ 0f pBf] uL–

Jofkf/ L cfgf gxL+ rfxt] x+} . cf} / ha ts pBf] u sL : yfkgf gxL+ xf] uL ta ts zx/ ult gxL+ n] kfo] uf . zfob oxL ;f] rs/ pGxf] +g] ;+ljwfg;ef d] + r'gfj sf gf/ f agfof yf– SnLg / fhlj/ fh, u|Lg / fhlj/ fh– b u|] 6 ;Kt/ L, b a] : 6 ;Kt/ L, cKkg ufd, ;'Gb/ 7fd . sfz ;ef;b ofbj sf gf/ f cEof; d] + pt/ hftf tf] cfh ;Kt/ L cf} / jxfF sf ;b/ d'sfd / fhlj/ fh s'5 cf} / xL / xtf . oBlk ckgL cf] / ;] ;ef;b ofbj k|of;/ t x} + . j] sxt] x+} – / fhlj/ fh hf] 8Þg] jfnL ;8Þs] +, ljdfg: yn cf} / c: ktfn s] ljsf; s] lnP k|of; xf] / xf x} .

/ fhlj/ fh ;] s/ La !) lsnf] dL6/ k"/ a d] + l: yt xg'dfggu/ zx/ seL Jofkfl/ s s] Gb| x'cf s/ tf yf . n] lsg sf] zL gbL ;] ;6] x'P O; zx/ sf] sf] zL gbL sL af9 g] af/ –af/ tafx lsof . ;g\ !(*^ d] + tTsfnLg ;/ sf/ g] / fhlj/ fh gu/ sL kl/ sNkgf sL yL . k"jL{ g] kfn s] tTsfnLg sdfG8/ hg/ n aAa/ zdz] / , pgs] ;xof] uL k|sfz

s~rgf emf

zx/ uGbuL ;] e/ f x'cf x} . d'Vo ;8Þs k/ a8] Þ a8] Þ u8\9] x+} . ;xfos ;8 Þs cltqmd0f s] sf/ 0f unL d] + kl/ jlt{t xf] uof x} cf} / unL tf] ;"c/ r/ g] sf cf} / 3/ sL uGbuL

km] +sg] sf cvf8Þf ag uof x} .

ljsf; sL / fx b] vtf / fhlj/ fhl/kf]6{


zdz] / g] / fhlj/ fh gu/ a;fg] sL sf] lzz sL . s/ La ^) aL3f hdLg n] s/ OGhLlgo/ l8NnLh+u / f0ff g] O; gu/ sf] a;fof . cf} / ;g\ !((* d+] O;] ;b/ d'sfd sf bhf{ ldn uof . ox gu/ ;Kt/ L lhnf cf} / ;u/ dfyf c~rn sf ;b/ d'sfd x} cf} / v'b eL Ps gu/ kflnsf x} . k|To] s rf/ 3/ s] afb 5f] 6L unL, lkm/ ;xfos ;8Þs cf} / d'Vo dfu{ agfof uof . Ps zx/ s] lnP cfjZos ;8Þs, 9n lgsf;, kLg] sf kfgL, ;f} Gbo{ ;eL s'5 x} O; gu/ s] kf; n] lsg ktf gxL+ ls;sL gh/ nuL ls ox zx/ cfu] s] abn] kL5] xL hf / xf x} .

jt{dfg / fhlj/ fh sL aft s/ ] + tf] , zx/ uGbuL ;] e/ f x'cf x} . d'Vo ;8Þs k/ a8] Þ a8] Þ u8\9] x+} . ;xfos ;8Þs cltqmd0f s] sf/ 0f unL d] + kl/ jlt{t xf] uof x} cf} / unL tf] ;"c/ r/ g] sf cf} / 3/ sL uGbuL km] +sg] sf cvf8Þf ag uof x} . gu/ kflnsf

s] lx;fa ;] b] v] + tf] krf; nfv ;] Hofbf ?kof ;kmfO{ s] gfd k/ vr{ lsof uof x} . n] lsg kl/ 0ffd sL aft s/ ] + tf] – ;xfos / f] 8 ;] rng] jfn] ofqL gfs aGb s/ rng] sf] afWo x} + . s'5 b] / afl/ z xf] hfo] tf] clwsf+z ;8Þs t/ 0ftfn ag hftL x} + .

g] skf Pdfn] sL ;ef;b / ~h' emf 7fs'/ sf dfggf x} ls hgtf ha ts r] tgzLn gxL+ xf] uL] ta ts ljsf; ;Dej gxL+ . pGx] ;demgf xf] uf ls ox hux xdf/ L x} O;] ;'Gb/ cf} / ljsf; s] dfu{ k/ nfgf xdf/ L lhDd] jf/ L x} . lzIff sf : t/ 36tf hf / xf x} , a] / f] huf/ L a9Þ / xL x} cf} / nf] uf] + d] + pR5[|+vntf eL a9ÞtL hf / xL x} . ;ef;b / ~h' 7fs'/ cfu] sxtL x+} s'gf} nL– / fhlj/ fh,

/ fhlj/ fh–?kgL / f] 8 nufot / fhlj/ fh s] ljsf; s] lnP s'5 goL of] hgf ah6 d] + ;dfj] z sL uoL x} n] lsg of] hgf sf sfof{Gjog eL : yfgLo jf;L k/ xL lge{/ s/ tf x} .

zx/ c;'/ lIft ag uof x} . nfu" cf} ifw ;] jgstf{ cf} / / fhgLlt s] gfd k/ v'nf ;z: q ;d"x zfd xf] t] xL ;lqmo xf] hft] x+} cf} / cs] n] rngf d'lZsn xf] hftf x} . n"6kf6, rf] / L cfd aft ag uoL x} . : yfgLo k|zf;g d"s bz{s ags/ / x uof x} . : yfgLo nf] uf] + sf sxgf x} – k|zf;g cf} / n'6] / f] + s] aLr ldnLeut x} .

: yfgLo kqsf/ x] dz+s/ l;+x sf

sxgf x} gu/ kflnsf ljut !@ ;fnf] + ;] hgk|ltlglw ljxLg x} . hgk|ltlglw gxL+ xf] g] s] sf/ 0f nf] u pR5[|+|vn ag uo] x} + cf} / ef} lts k"jf{wf/ ;fdu|L sf] tf] 8Þ s/ xf] of r'/ f s/ ckg] 3/ d] + n] hft] x} . zx/ d] + cltqmd0f a9Þ uof x} cf} / zx/ lbgf] lbg s'¿k agtf hf / xf x} . ca tf] xfnt ox

x} ls : yfgLo jf;L, gu/ kflnsf of cf} / sf] O{ eL lgsfo cs] n] s'5 gxL+ s/ ;stf x} . gu/ jf;L ha ts r] tgzLn gxL+ xf] +u] cf} / ljsf; s] lnP / fhgLlts x: tIf] k au} / ;fd"lxs k|of; ha ts gxL+ xf] uf ta ts / fhlj/ fh sf cfu] a9Þgf d'lZsn x} .

cf} Bf] lus ¿k ;] cfu] a9Þg] s] lnP ;g\ !(** d] + / fhlj/ fh d] + cf} Bf] lus If] q sL : yfkgf sL uoL . zx/ ;] s/ La rf/ lsnf] dL6/ pQ/ dn] 6 ufFj d] + @@ aL3f hdLg sf] n] s/ / fhlj/ fh cf} Bf] lus If] q agfof uof . ef/ tLo lgj] z d] + lgdf{0f lsof uof ox cf} Bf] lus If] q ;g\ !((# d] + g] kfn ;/ sf/ sf] x: tfGt/ 0f s/ lbof uof . n] lsg lagf sf] O{ pBf] u ;~rfng x'P ox If] q hL0f{ ag uof . ;+/ rgfP Wj: t xf] tL hf / xL x+} . b/ c;/ n cf} Bf] lus If] q tf] agfof uof n] lsg zx/ sf] / fhdfu{ cf} / ;Ldf ;] hf] 8Þg] sL aft k/ Wofg gxL+ lbof uof . s/ La !@ lsnf] dL6/ blIf0f d] + cjl: yt ef/ tLo zx/

ax't xf] r'sf, ca sfd s/ g] sf ;do cf uof x} . ljsf;

s] Ph] G8f k/ ;eL bnf] + sf] Ps xf] gf k8] Þuf cf} / hgtf sf] eL

;fy b] gf xL xf] uf .

hgtf ha ts r] tgzLn gxL+ xf] uL] ta ts ljsf; ;Dej gxL+ . pGx] ;demgf xf] uf ls ox hux xdf/ L x} O;] ;'Gb/ cf} / ljsf; s] dfu{ k/

nfgf xdf/ L lhDd] jf/ L x} .

l/kf]6{

lgof] lht 9+u ;] ckmjfx km} nfoL uoL x} ls pBf] u, wGbf, sn sf/ vfgf s] lnP / fhlj/ fh sf jftfj/ 0f

7Ls gxL+ . b] ze/ sL aft s/ ] + tf] / fhlj/ fh h} ;f zfGt zx/ cf} / sf] O{ gxL+ n] lsg ckmjfx s] sf/ 0f pBf] uL–Jofkf/ L cfgf gxL+ rfxt] x+} . cf} / ha ts pBf] u sL : yfkgf gxL+ xf] uL ta ts zx/ ult gxL+ n] kfo] uf .


s'gf} nL ;] hf] 8Þg] jfnL ;8Þs jiff] {+ ;] hL0f{ x} . pBf] u s] lnP cfjZos sRrf kbfy{ b";/ ] ;LdfjtL{ gfsf ;] nfg] d] + vr{ Hofbf xf] tf x} cf} / P] ;] d] + Jofkfl/ of] + s] lnP oxfF pBf] u : yfkgf s/ gf ptgf ;xh gxL+ .

ls;L ;do lzIff s] lnP / fhlj/ fh sf gfd lnof hftf yf . cR5] : s"n cf} / sf‘n] h y] . sfg"g sL k9ÞfO{ tf] k"/ j d] + l;km{ dx] Gb| laGb] Zj/ L SofDk; d] + x'cf s/ tL yLf . Goflos If] q d] + ceL eL b] z d] + lhtg] nf] u x} + clwsf+z O;L sf‘n] h ;] k9Þ] x'P x} + . n] lsg ceL / fhlj/ fh sf lzIff–If] q Wj: t agtf hf / xf x} . / fhgLlts x: tIf] k s] sf/ 0f sf‘n] h cf} / : s"n d] + k9ÞfO{ ;] Hofbf u'08fubL{ xf] g] nuL x} .

g] kfn sL / fhgLlt d] + / fhlj/ fh xd] zf g] t[Tj ;] ghbLs / xf . / fhtGq s] bf} / fg eL oxfF s] ax't ;] nf] u dGqL, c~rnfwLz / x r's] x} + . nf] stGqjfbL g] tf / fd/ fhf k|;fb l;+x cf} / dw] z d'lSt cfGbf] ng s] cu|0fL uh] Gb| gf/ fo0f l;+x sf sfo{If] q eL / fhlj/ fh xL / xf cf} / @)^# d] + dw] z cfGbf] ng sL z'?cft eL O;L zx/ ;] x'O{ yL cf} / kxnL zxfbt eL O;L gu/ jf;L g] bL yL .

jf: tj d] + b] vf hfo tf] O; zx/ s] kf; lxDdt, af} l4s Ifdtf cf} / k"jf{wf/ eL kof{Kt x} . ko{6g sL eL k|z: t ;+efjgfPF x} oxfF, n] lsg ;/ sf/ g] O; t/ km seL Wofg xL gxL+ lbof . jiff] +{ kxn] agf ljdfg: yn ceL ts sRrf xL x} , hxfF afl/ z z'? xf] t] xL hxfh sf p8Þfg cf} / cjt/ 0f aGb xf] hftf x} . b; lsnf] dL6/ blIf0f d] + lxGb"

wdf{jnDaL zlStkL7 l5Ggd: tf x} cf} / s/ La !* lsnf] ld6/ k"/ j d] + s+sflngL eujtL sf dlGb/ x} hxfF nfvf+] eSthg kxF'rt] x+} n] lsg Og wfld{s : ynf] + sf k|rf/ –k|;f/ cf} / ;+a4{g gxL+ xf] kfof x} . O;L t/ x ;ft glbof] + sf ;+ud ;Ktsf] ;L k/ agf a} / ] h, -hf] ;+ejtM g] kfn sf xL ;a;] a8f a} / ] h x} _ p;L ;] ;6L x'O{ sf] ;L 6Kk' aGohGt' cf/ If x} . ;g\ !(&^ d] + : yflkt ox cf/ If !&% ju{ lsnf] ld6/ d] + km} nf x'cf x} . hxfF nf] kf] Gd'v k|hflt sL h+unL e} +; cyf{t

cgf{ ;lxt : tgwf/ L hLj s] #! k|hflt sf jf; x} . O;L t/ x cf/ If d] + $*% k|hflt sL lrl8ÞofF cf} / @)) ;] clws k|hflt sL d5lnofF kfoL hftL x+} . ;g\ !(*& d] + O; cf/ If sf] / fd;f/ ;fO6 sf bhf{ ldnf yf . n] lsg k|rf/ –k|;f/ s] cefj d] + o] ;eL hux] + ko{6sf] + sL l;km{ k|tLIff s/ tL / xtL x} .

/ fhlj/ fhjf;L lg/ fz xf] r's] x} . ca tf] nf] uf] + g] ;/ sf/ ;] ck] Iff / vgf eL 5f] 8Þ lbof x} . zx/ s] ljsf; s] lnP j] v'b hfu?s agg] nu] x} + . z'?cft pGxf] g] ;kmfO{ ;] lsof x} . / fhlj/ fh gu/ kflnsf g] ckgf sfd 7Ls 9+u ;] gxL+ lsof, P] ;f

;f] rs/ ;kmfO{ cleofg z'? lsof uof x} . gu/ kflnsf ;] ldns/ : yflgojfl;of] + g] 6f] n ;'wf/ ;ldlt u7g lsof x} . ;eL ;ldlt d] + krf; k|ltzt dlxnf ;b: o x} + . : yfgLojf;L ljgLt emf sxt] x+} ls s'5 6f] n d] + ;'wf/ ;ldlt g] pbfx/ 0fLo sfo{ lsof x} . n] lsg s'5 ;ldltof] + sf] sfkmL k/ ] zfgL

em] ngL k8Þ / xL x} . 6f] n ;'wf/ ;ldlt g] l;km{ ;kmfO{ xL gxL+ alNs dlxnfcf] + sf] rf/ bLjf/ L ;] afx/ lgsng] sf cR5f cj;/ eL lbof x} . emf sf sxgf x} ls 6f] n ;'wf/ ;ldlt sf] Hofbf ;] Hofbf ;lqmo xf] gf rflxP .

n] lsg jiff] {+ ;] wf] vf vfP x'P / fhlj/ fhjf;L g] ckg] xL nf] uf] + k/ ljZjf; s/ gf 5f] 8Þ lbof x} . ;ldltcf] + d] + 5f] 6L–5f] 6L aftf] + k/ dgd'6fj xf] uof x} . : yfgLojf;L sf sxgf x} – g] t[Tj d] + hf] pbf/ tf xf] gL rflxP, 6f] n ;'wf/ ;ldlt s] nf] uf] + d] + gxL+ x} . 6f] n ;'wf/ g] s] ahfo ;ldlt s] kbflwsf/ L ckg] 3/ s] cfu] sf ;8Þs cf} / kf] n dd{t s/ jf / x] x} + . ckg] 3/ s] cfu] ;fkm s/ jf lnof tf] j] ;demt] x+} 6f] n ;fkm xf] uof . ;ldlt sf] ;f7 k|ltzt / sd gu/ kflnsf cf} / $) k|ltzt : yfgLo : t/ ;] ;+sng s/ gf xf] uf . n] lsg : yfgLojf;L sf] z+sf x} ls ;kmfO{ s] gfd k/ ;+slnt k} ;f ;ldlt jfn] xL xhd s/ hfP+u] . cf} / zfob oxL sf/ 0f x} clwsf+z 6f] n ;'wf/ ;ldlt sf] : yfgLojf;L sf ;xof] u gxL+ ldn / xf x} .

sf] O{ gof sfd z'? xf] tf] p;sf lj/ f] w xf] gf sf] O{ goL aft gxL+, / fhlj/ fh sf 6f] n ;'wf/ ;ldlt eL O; ;] c5"tf gxL+ / x ;stf . n] lsg 8"at] sf] ltgs] sf ;xf/ f cf} / / fhlj/ fhjf;L s] lnP 6f] n ;'wf/ ;ldlt xL clGtd ljsNk s] ¿k d] + / x uof x} . pGx+] rflxP ls j] ckg] zx/ sf] v'b xL agfo] +, ljsf; s] dfu{ k/ nfo] +, zx/ sf] ;'Gb/ agfo] + cf} / O;s] lnP s'5 vf] gf eL k8Þtf x} tf] t} of/ / x] + . z'?cft xf] r'sL x} cf} / h?/ L x} ls Oltxf; sf] e"n s/ jf] ca l;km{ ljsf; sL aft] + s/ ] + . lll

l/kf]6{

gu/ kflnsf ljut !@ ;fnf] + ;] hgk|ltlglw ljxLg x} . hgk|ltlglw

gxL+ xf] g] s] sf/ 0f nf] u pR5[|+|vn ag uo] x} + cf} / ef} lts k"jf{wf/ ;fdu|L sf] tf] 8 Þ s/ xf] of r'/ f s/ ckg] 3/ d] + n] hft] x} . zx/ d] + cltqmd0f a9Þ uof x} cf} / zx/ lbgf] lbg s'¿k agtf hf / xf x} . ca tf] xfnt ox x} ls : yfgLo jf;L, gu/ kflnsf of cf} / sf] O{ eL lgsfo cs] n] s'5 gxL+

s/ ;stf x} .

6f] n ;'wf/ ;ldlt g] l;km{ ;kmfO{ xL gxL+ alNs dlxnfcf] + sf]

rf/ bLjf/ L ;] afx/ lgsng] sf cR5f cj;/ eL lbof x} .


t:jL/]+

27

sf7df+8" d] + cfof] lht æef/ t–g] kfn lzIff d} qL sfo{qmdÆ d] + g] kfn l: yt ef/ tLo / fhb"tfjf; s] / fhb"t / +lht / ] , ;fy d] + cGo kbflwsf/ Lu0f . ox sfo{qmd g] kfn d] + ef/ tLo k|wfgdGqL g/ ] Gb| df] bL s] cudg k/ cfof] lht lsof uof yf . sfo{qmd sf] ;Daf] wg s/ t] x'P / fhb"t / ] g] sxf ls k|To] s jif{ @) 5fq–5fqfcf] + sf] ef/ tLo ljZjljBfno d] + ofqf s/ fO{ hfPuL, lh;;] ljBfly{of] + sf] ef/ tLo lzIff k4lt cf} / hLjgz} nL sf] ;demg] sf cj;/ ldn] uf .

ef/ tLo b"tfjf; cf} / jLkL sf] O/ fnf g] kfn–ef/ t kmfpG8] ;g åf/ f hgsk'/ d] + cfof] lht ;flxlTos sfo{qmd d] + ef/ tLo b"tfjf; s] ;+f: s[lts ljefu k|d'v ceo s'df/ .

jLkL sf] O/ fnf g] kfn–ef/ t kmfpG8] ;g åf/ f cfof] lht !*j] + EjfO;] h ;+: s/ 0f d] + ;xefuL alnp8 lkmNd lgb]{zs Zofd a]g] un s] ;fy ef/ tLo b"tfj; s] k|yd ;lrj ceo s'df/ .

lxdflngL gjDa/ 2014

30 lxdflngL gjDa/ @)!$28

BIRGUNJ INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

Affiliated to CTEVT, NepalSugar factory residential area, Birgunj-17 (Nepal)P.O.Box- 117, Tel. Phone: 051-528020, 621621

Mobile: 9845025100, 9806822552, Email: [email protected]

BITljhof bzdL, lbkfjnL cf}/ 57 kj{ –@)&! s] kfjg cj;/ k/ aL=cfO{=6L= kl/jf/ s] cf]/ ;] ;d: t b]zjfl;of]+, 5fq–5fqfcf]+ Pj+ cleefjsf]+ sf] xflb{s

d+undo z'esfdgfP+ .

ENGINEERING COLLEGE

lxdflngL gjDa/ 2014

31lxdflngLgjDa/ @)!$ 29lxdflngL gjDa/ 2014

32 lxdflngL gjDa/ @)!$30 lxdflngL gjDa/ 2014

dxfg\ kj{ ljhof bzdL, z'ebLkfjnL cf}/ 57 kj{ @)&! s] z'ecj;/ k/ ;d: t snjf/ aGw" tyf b] zjf;L d] + ;':jf:Yo Pj+ bL3f{o' sL xflb{s d+undo z'esfdgf JoQm s/ t] x}+ .

nIdLgf/fo0f rf}w/LcWoIf

snjf/ ;]jf ;bg;fg]kf–#, nlntk'/,

xflb{s z'esfdgf


) crfgs ;] ldnL O; kxrfg ;] Sof dx;"; s/ / xL x} + <– crfgs ;] tf] kxrfg gxL+ ldnL x} . d} + / fhgLlt d] + ax't lbgf] +

;] nuL x"F . tdnf] kf s] z'?cftL bf} / ;] xL d} +g] ax't d] xgt sL yL . d} + d} lyn dlxnf ;dfh sL cWoIf eL / x r'sL x"F . xfF, O;d] + cjZo ;RrfO{ x} ls d} + v'ns/ ;fdg] gxL+ cfO{ . d} + rfxtL yL ls kfl/ jfl/ s lhDd] jf/ L k"/ L s/ n"F lkm/ sf] O{ sfd s¿F . cf} / O;af/ ha d] / ] gfd sf k|: tfj / vf uof tf] d} +g] ;xif{ : jLsf/ s/ lnof . hxfF ts cg'ej sL aft x} tf] ] ;kmntf ls;] cR5L gxL+ nutL x} . d} + cfh ckg] k} / f] + k/ v8ÞL x"F ckgL cnu kxrfg x} tf] v'z xf] gf eL : jfefljs x} .

) kf6L{ sL cf] / ;] ha cfksf gfd ;dfg'kflts d] + / vf uof, ta kf6L{ s] eLt/ cf} / afx/ bf] gf] + huxf] + d] + sfkmL cfnf] rgf x'O{, s} ;f nutf yf cfksf] <

– rrf{ kl/ rrf{ xf] gf sf] O{ gO{ aft gxL+ x} . cfk s'5 eL s/ ] + cR5f of a'/ f nf] u tf] rrf{ s/ ] +u] xL . n] lsg nf] uf] + sL aft ;'gs/ d} + seL lg/ fz gxL+ x'O{, ?sL gxL+, a; sfd s/ tL / xL . cfk sfd s/ ] +uL tf] bfgf] + t/ x sL aft] + ;'ggL xL xf] +uL . d} +g] eL ;'gL .

) Sof cfksf] P] ;f gxL+ nutf ls cfksL] jhx ;] kf6L{ g] s'5 cR5] nf] uf] + sf] u'dfof x} <

– d'em] gxL+ nutf x} ls O; aft sf] n] s/ sf] O{ kf6L{ ;] cnu x'P x} + . ;eL s] sfd sf d"Nof+sg lsof hftf x} . kf6L{ g] d'emk/ ljZjf; lsof cf} / d] / f gfd / vf uof, lh;] d} + OGsf/ gxL+ s/ kfO{ . cf} / d'em] k"/ f ljZjf; x} ls d] xgt sf kmn ldnf x} . ;Lvg] sf cj;/ ldnf x} d'em] . k|of; s/ / xL x"F ls cR5] sfd s/ ;s"F .

) o] tf] x'O{ k'/ fgL aft] +, ca o] atfO{P ls lh; sfd s] lnP hgtf g] cfk sf] ;+ljwfg ;ef d] + e] hf x} , jx xf] uf < Sof g] kfnL hgtf sf] df3 * d] + ;+ljwfg ldn hfPuf <

– x/ sf] O{ rfxtf x} ls ;do k/ ;lljwfg hf/ L xf] cf} / ;eL bn k|of;/ t eL x} + . n] lsg s'5 uDeL/ ljifof] + k/ ceL eL ;xdlt gxLF ag kfoL x} . cfzf s/ ] + ls bnf] + s] aLr ;eL ljifo k/ ;xdlt ag] cf} / hgtf sL rfxgf cg's"n ;+ljwfg ag] . cu/ ;+ljwfg d] + hgtf sL efjgfcf] + sf] ;d] 6f gxL+ uof tf] kl/ l: ylt k|lts"n xf] ;stL x} .

) g] kfn d+] dlxnfcf] + sL cj: yf sf] cfk s} ;] b] vtL x} <– t'ngfTds ¿k d] + ;'wf/ tf] x'cf x} n] lsg d+lhn ceL eL ax't

b"/ x} . n} +lus lje] b, zf/ Ll/ s cf} / dfgl;s oftgf, of} g zf] if0f, bx] h, afn ljjfx ceL eL JofKt x+} g] kfnL ;dfh d] + .

) ca pgsf] ljsf; s] d"nwf/ d] + nfg] s] lnP Sof s/ gf xf] uf <– ;dfh sL ;f] r d] + kl/ jt{g nfgf xf] uf . cf} / O;s] lnP a[xt

: t/ k/ cleofg cfjZos x} . cleofg sL z'?cft lzIff ;] xL s/ gL xf] uL . P] ;f jftfj/ 0f lgdf{0f s/ gf xf] uf ls x/ dlxnf lzlIft xf] , x/ dlxnf ckg] ] k} / f] + k/ v8ÞL xf] ;s] . wL/ ] –wL/ ] ;d: of v'b–a–v'b vTd xf] hfo] uL . d+} v'b eL d} lyn dlxnf ;dfh s] dfkm{t O; cleofg d] + h'6L yL, n] lsg hVd k'/ fgf xf] tf] 7Ls xf] g] d] + eL ;do tf] nutf xL x} .

) cfk tf] dw] z ;] x} +, dw] zL dlxnf sL cj: yf cf} / eL bogLo x} . pGx] + cfu] nfg] s] lnP Sof s/ gf xf] uf <

– dw] z sL aft s/ ] + tf] dlxnf xL gxL+ k'?if eL ax't kL5] x} + . n] lsg cu/ dlxnf sL aft s/ ] + tf] ;a;] a8ÞL ;d: of x} ls dw] zL dlxnf sf] ckgL Ifdtf sf ktf xL gxL+ . lje] b s] sf/ 0f jx ckg] cfk sf] kxrfg xL gxL+ kfO{ x} . ;a;] kxn] pGx] lzlIft s/ gf xf] uf . lzlIft xf] t] xL j] v'b cfu] cf hfo] uL . pGx] sf] O{ / f] s xL gxL+ kfo] uf .

) ;ef;b ag] + x'P nueu b; dxLg] aLt r's] x} +, dw] zL dlxnf s] ljsf; s] lnP cfkg] ceL ts Sof lsof <

–rfxtL x"F ax't s'5 s/ gf, s'5 of] hgfPF eL agf / vL x} . a] / f] huf/ L , afn ljjfx cflb sf] n] s/ ;+;b d] + af/ af/ cfjfh eL p7f / xL x"F . n] lsg ;/ sf/ Wofg gxL+ b] / xL x} . lzIff, u/ LaL cf} / ;8Þs sf] n] s/ sO{ af/ ;+;b d] + aft p7fO{, n] lsg ;/ sf/ ;'gtL xL gxL+ .

) c+t d] + ckg] lhnfjf;L s] lnP Sof s/ g] sL of] hgf x} <–d} + sf] O{ em"7f jfbf gxL+ s/ gf rfxtL x"F n] lsg / f] huf/ s]

cj;/ sL ;[hgf s/ gf rfxtL x"F, tfls o'jf ju{ sf] / f] huf/ L s] lnP ljb] z gxL+ hfgf k8Þ] . O;s] ;fy xL bx] h lgoGq0f cf} / a[4a[4f Pj+ ck+u s] lnP s'5 s/ gf rfxtL x"F . lll

Ps ;fn kxn] sL aft s/ ] + tf] O+lb/ f emf sL ckgL sf] O{ vf; kxrfg gxL+ yL, kxrfg yL tf] ;lrj pdfsf+t emf sL kTgL of d+qL pdfsf+t emf sL kTgL s] ¿k d] + . d} lynL dlxnf ;dfh cf} / / fhgLlt ;] h'8 Þ ] / xg] s] afah"b pGxf] +g] ckg] kfl/ jfl/ s lhDd] jfl/ of] + sf] lgefgf Hofbf h¿/ L ;demf . j} ;] tf] Ps af/ kxn] eL pgsf gfd ;+ljwfg;ef s] ;b: o s] lnP r'gf uof yf n] lsg pGxf] +g] : jLsf/ gxL+ lsof yf . ca aRr] a8 Þ ] xf] uo] , kfl/ jfl/ s lhDd] jf/ L eL xNsL xf] uO{ x} cf} / ;a;] a8 ÞL aft ls, ca jf] afx/ lgsn s/ sfd s/ ;stL yL+, oxL ;f] rs/ O; af/ ha t/ fO{ dw] z nf] stflGqs kf6L{ g] ;+ljwfg;ef ;b: o s] lnP OlGb/ f emf sf rog lsof tf] pGxf] g] ;xif{ : jLsf/ s/ lnof . ;lrj pdfsf+t emf sL kTgL ;] n] s/ ;ef;b agg] ts s] O; ;km/ s] af/ ] d] + k|: t't x} lxdflngL k|ltlglw s+rgf emf ;] x'O{ aftrLt s] s'5 c+z–

/ f] huf/ s] cj;/ ;[hg s/ gf rfxtL x"“

cfwf cfsfz–k"/L p8Þfg


lrGtg

nLnfgfy uf}td

x/ gful/ s sf clwsf/ s} ;] ;'/ lIft xf] ;stf x} , O; aft sf] n] s/ ;+ljwfg;ef d] + ax; xf] gL rflxP, n] lsg ljz] if hflt, efiff cf} / ;d'bfo sf clwsf/ sf] n] s/ g] tf nf] u l/ ;f] 6{ d+] ax; s/ t] x} + . ckgf JolQmut / fhgLlts eljio ;'/ lIft / vg] s] lnP cf} / xf] ;s] tf] efjL d'VodGqL agg] s] ;kgf] sf] ;fsf/ s/ g] s] lnP g] tf nf] u

;+3Lo df] 8] n sL aft rnft] x} + . P];L cj:yf d]+ ;+ljwfg s};] ag kfPuf <

…gof ;+ljwfg lgdf{0fÚ sf gf/ f ;'gt] –;'gt] nf] uf] + d] + OtgL

lg/ fzf k} bf xf] r'sL x} ls ca j] O; gf/ f sf] ;'ggf eL gxL+ rfxt] . lkm/ eL / fhgLlts kl/ j] z d] + O; sL rrf{ sd gxL+ x} . …df3 * ut] xL ;+ljwfg hf/ L xf] ufÚ sxt] x'P g] tf nf] u efif0f s/ / x] x} + . n] lsg pgsf] xL ckg] syg s] k|lt ljZjf; gxL+ x} . b] z, hgtf cf} / / fhgLlt s] k|lt pT;'s gful/ s O; gf/ f ;] t+u cf r's] x} +, lkm/ eL go] ;+ljwfg sL k|tLIff d] + x} + . go] ;+ljwfg s] gfd d] + jiff] +{ ;] rn / xL / fhgLlts a] O{dfgL, cfZjf;g cf} / wf] vfw8ÞL xL O;s] k|d'v sf/ 0f x} + . oxfF ts ls s'5 nf] u tf] sxg] nu] x} +– Otg] ;fnf] + ;] ;+ljwfg g xf] t] x'P eL b] z rn / xf x} , tf] ca ;+ljwfg gxL+ xf] g] ;] Sof cfsfz lu/ hfPuf < lkm/ eL …gof ;+ljwfg lgdf{0fÚ ;DaGwL rrf{ hf] / f] + k/ x} .

Sof] + gxL+ cf kfof ;+ljwfg <O; k|Zg sf Ps jfSo d] + pQ/ lbof

hfP tf] g] tfcf] + sf JolQmut : jfy{ xL O;sf k|d'v sf/ 0f x} . xfF ;+ljwfg lgdf{0f s] lnP ceL ts hf] k|of; xf] / xf x} , jx ;a Jofjxfl/ s cf} / oyfy{ s] w/ ftn d] + cfwfl/ t gxL+ x} . ;+ljwfg lgdf{0f s] gfd d] + lhtgf eL lqmofsnfk xf] / xf x} , pg d] + ;] lstg] tf] ljlw;Ddt eL gxL+ x} + . pbfx/ 0f s] lnP ;+ljwfg;ef s] eLt/ ax; s/ g] ;] lg0ff{os agg] jfn] sO{ P] ;] d'2] x} +, lhgsf] s'5 g] tf l/ ;f] 6{ d] + hfs/ ax; s/ t] x} + . kxnL ;+ljwfg;ef sL t/ x O; af/ eL jxL untL b'x/ fO{ hf / xL x} , lh;s] sf/ 0f kxnL ;ef pknlAwxLg ;flat x'O{ yL .

b";/ L aft, / fHo k'g;{+/ rgf ;DaGwL ;f] r cf} / lqmofsnfk pn6f 9+u ;] xf] / xf x} . cyf{t\ / fHo k'g;+/ rgf s] cfwf/ Sof x} + cf} / p; / fHo d] + / xg] jfn] gful/ s s} ;] clwsf/ ;DkGg xf] ;st] x+} < ax; O; k/ s] lGb|t xf] gf rflxP yf . n] lsg ;+3Lo / fHo sL ;+Vof lstgL agfO{ hfP cf} / gfds/ 0f

s} ;] lsof hfP < O; t/ x s] uf} 0f d'2] d] + / fhgLlts bn ljeflht xf] s/ ax; d] + ;+nUg x} + cf} / ;xdlt gxL+ h'6f kf / x] x} + . cyf{t\ bnf] + sf P] ;f xL / j} of ;+ljwfg lgdf{0f s] lnP afws l;4 xf] / xf x} . kxrfg s] gfd d] + ls;L hflt cf} / ;d'bfo ljz] if k/ hf] / Þ b] g] jfn] s'5 kIf x} + tf] b";/ ] kIf p;] : jLsf/ s/ g] sL dgMl: ylt d] + gxL+ x} + . OGxL+ k/ : k/ lj/ f] wL bf] ljk/ Lt w|'jf] + s] aLr rn / xf ;+3if{ xL ;+ljwfg lgdf{0f s] lnP afws agtf hf / xf x} .

Otgf xL gxL+, b";/ ] ;+ljwfg;ef s] lgjf{rg s] afb lgld{t zlQm ;Gt'ng eL ;d: of s] ¿k d] + lbvfO{ b] / xL x} . ;+ljwfg;ef sf] ckgf Ph] 08f bfjf s/ g] jfn] kxrfgjfbL kIfw/ b";/ ] ;+ljwfg;ef d] + sdhf] / ;flat x'P x} + . pg nf] uf] + sL k/ flht dfgl;stf cf} / / fhgLlts x7wld{tf s] aLr ;Gt'ng gxL+ xf] g] s] sf/ 0f eL kxrfg kIfw/ zlQm jf: tj d] + Sof rfxtL x} , ox : ki6 gxL+ xf] kf / xf x} . k/ : k/ lj/ f] wL ljrf/ cf} / zlQm ;d"x s] ¿k d] + kl/ lrt Pdfcf] jfbL g] t[Tj s] @@ bnLo df] rf{ cf} / p;sL

ultljlw O; tYo sf] ;flat s/ tL x} . pw/ kxrfg sf d'2f hgtf ;] k/ flht xf] r'sf x} , sxt] x'P k'/ fg] ;+;bjfbL zlQm ckg] bDe k/ v8ÞL x} + . ;+ljwfg lgdf{0f sfo{ OGxL+ bf] zlQmof] + s] d'7e] 8Þ d] + u'd xf] uof x} .

b";/ L t/ km g] kfn sf] k'gM lxGb" / fHo agfgf rflxP, O; df+u sf] n] s/ b] zJofkL cfGbf] ng xf] / xf x} . lh; s] sf/ 0f ;+;b sL ;a;] a8ÞL cf} / ;Qf sf] g] t[Tj k|bfg s/ g] jfnL g] kfnL sf+u|] ; d] + e"rfn cf uof x} . O;;] kxn] ox df+u l;km{ / fk|kf g] kfn sL xL yL, n] lsg ceL g] kfnL sf+u|] ; s] eLt/ / x] s'5 g] tf tyf ;ef;b\ eL O; d'2f sf] n] s/ hfu?s xf] uP x} + . P] ;] sf+u|] ; g] tfcf] + g] oxfF ts r] tfjgL bL x} ls efjL ;+ljwfg d] + g] kfn lxGb"/ fi6« 3f] lift gxL+ xf] g] k/ b] z d] + ljb|f] x sL cfu e8Þs p7] uL cf} / g] kfnL sf+u|] ; kf6L{ eL p; cfu sL nk] 6 d] + cf ;stL x} . ax';+Vos lxGb" a;g] jfn] O; b] z d] + p7 / xf ox d'2f cf;fgL ;] vTd xf] g] jfnf eL gxL+ x} . cGo ljifof] + d] + ;xdlt xf] g] k/ eL ox d'2f -lxGb" / fi6« g] kfn_ O; t/ x p7g] k/ ;Qf g] t[TjbfoL kf6L{ eL ;+ljwfg

Sof] + gxL+ ag kf / xf x} ;+ljwfg <


hf/ L s/ g] ;] kxn] bf] af/ ;f] rg] s] lnP afWo xf] ;stL x} .

unt lqmofsnfkx/ gful/ s sf clwsf/ s} ;] ;'/ lIft xf]

;stf x} , O; aft sf] n] s/ ;+ljwfg;ef d] + ax; xf] gL rflxP, n] lsg ljz] if hflt, efiff cf} / ;d'bfo sf clwsf/ sf] n] s/ g] tf nf] u l/ ;f] 6{ d+] ax; s/ t] x} + . O;L ax; d] + s] lGb|t / xs/ / fHo sL ;+3Lo ;+/ rgf lgdf{0f s/ g] sL aft xf] tL x} . ckgf JolQmut / fhgLlts eljio ;'/ lIft / vg] s] lnP cf} / xf] ;s] tf] efjL d'VodGqL agg] s] ;kgf] sf] ;fsf/ s/ g] s] lnP g] tf nf] u ;+3Lo df] 8] n sL aft rnft] x} + . O;LlnP ;+3Lo ;+/ rgf sL ;+Vof cf} / O;sf gS;f+sg af/ –af/ km] / abn xf] tf cf / xf x} . O;;] : ki6 xf] tf x} ls P] ;L ax; ;] l;km{ g] tf nfeflGjt xf] ;st] x} +, gful/ s gxL+ . cfh hf] kLl8t x} + cf} / ;Qf ;] lhgsf] 9Þ] / ;f/ L lzsfot] + x} +, sn agg] jfn] ;+3Lo / fHo s] zf;s s] ;dIf eL pgsL kL8Þf cf} / lzsfot j} ;L xL / x hfPuL tf] b] z sf] ;+3Lo : j¿k d] + n] hfg] sL Sof cfjZostf x} < cyf{t\ h} ;L Joj: yf cfg] k/ eL b] z d] + l;km{ lug] r'g] s'5 JolQm xL nfeflGjt xf] t] / x] +u] cf} / ;LdfGts[t hgtf kLl8Þt xL+ / x] uL tf] P] ;] kl/ jt{g sf Sof cy{ x'cf <

P] ;L k[i7e"ld d] + ;+ljwfg lgdf{0f s] gfd d] + xf] / xL s'5 ultljlwofF eL ljlw;Ddt gxL+ lbvfO{ b] tL . pbfx/ 0f s] lnP ;+j} wflgs / fhgLlts ;+jfb tyf ;xdlt ;ldlt sf] n] ;st] x} + . hxfF k/ : k/ bf] ljk/ Lt ljrf/ wf/ f jfnL / fhgLlts zlQm cf} / / fi6«Lo ljv08g sL cleJolQm b] g] jfn] sf] eL ;dfj] z s/ ;+ljwfg agfg] sf k|of; lsof hf / xf x} . hf] xjf d] + dxn agfg] h} ;f xL x} . xfF, P] ;] nf] u eL ax; d] + ;xefuL lsP hf ;st] x} +, n] lsg p;;] kxn] / fi6«Lotf, ;fj{ef} ldstf,

gful/ s clwsf/ , cGt/ f{i6«Lo ;DaGw tyf ;+ljwfg s] d"ne"t cfwf/ Sof x} + < O;sf lg0f{o xf] hfgf rflxP . n] lsg p;;] kxn] xL P] ;] tŒjf] + ;] ax; s/ g] sf dtnj l;km{ ;do u+jfgf x} . O;LlnP u0ftGq s] s§/ lj/ f] wL lrqaxfb'/ s] ;L xL gxL+, Oltxf; ag r'sf / fhtGq jfk; nfg] sf ;kgf b] vg] jfn] sdn yfkf cf} / g] kfn sf] xL vl08t s/ cnu b] z agfg] sf Vjfj b] vg] jfn] ;Ls] / fpt s] ;fy ;ldlt s] ;+of] hs 8f= afa'/ fd e§/ fO{ åf/ f lsof uof jftf{nfk sf] O{ eL dfog] gxL+ / vtf . O;LlnP jt{dfg kl/ k|] Io d] + ;+ljwfg lgdf{0f s] lnP k/ : k/ lj/ f] wL ;eL zlQmof] + sf ;dfj] z xf] gf rflxP, P] ;L dfgl;stf xL unt x} . lh;s] sf/ 0f ;+ljwfg lgdf{0f sfo{ cf} / ljnlDat xf]

hfPuf . cu/ ;r d] + xL ;eL / fhgLlts zlQm sf] ;d] 6s/ pgsL efjgf sf] efjL ;+ljwfg d] + k|ltlglwTj s/ gf rfx] +u] tf] ;+ljwfg;ef s] lnP rf} yL a8ÞL zlQm sdn yfkf sL df+u sf] eL ;Daf] wg s/ t] x'P / fh;+: yf k'gM: yflkt s/ gf k8Þ] uf, lrqaxfb'/ s] ;L s] cg';f/ ;+3Lotf ;DaGwL d'2f eL vf/ ] h xf] gf rflxP . Sof ckg] sf] a8Þ] cf} / ;j] {;jf{ sxnfg] jfn] sf+u|] ;, Pdfn] , Pdfcf] jfbL cf} / dw] zjfbL bn O; d] + ;xdt xf] ;st] x} + < cu/ ;xdt xf] ;st] x} + tf] )$& ;fn s] xL ;+ljwfg sf] k'g: yf{lkt s/ g] d] + Sof xh{ x} < cu/ gxL+ tf] P] ;] tTjf] + s] ;fy ax; s/ s] Sof] + ;do aaf{b lsof hf / xf x} <

l;km{ yfkf cf} / s] ;L h} ;] nf] uf] + åf/ f p7fO{ uO{ df+u xL gxL+, eljio d] + p7g] jfn] ;jfn sf] eL ;Daf] wg s/ t] x'P ;+ljwfg lgdf{0f xf] gf rflxP, ox cfh sL cfjZostf x} . p;s] lnP sf] O{ eL ljrf/ wf/ f n] s/ rng] jfnL kf6L{ cu/ lglZrt k|lqmof s] dfWod ;] ax'dt d] + cf ;stL x} tf] p;sf] ;+ljwfg ;+zf] wg s/ g] sf xs xf] gf rflxP, lh;sL Uof/ ] G6L ;+ljwfg d] + xL xf] gL rflxP . cu/ P] ;L Joj: yf s/ ] +u] tf] sdn yfkf ax'dt nfs/ / fh;+: yf k'g: yf{lkt s/ ;st] x} + cf} / lrqafb'/ s] ;L ;+3Lotf sf] vfl/ h s/ ;st] x} + . hf] / fhtGq sf gfd ;'gg] s] lnP t} of/ gxL+ x} + cf} / lhGxf] +g] u0ftGq Pj+ ;+3Lotf s] lnP ckgf ;f/ f hLjg s'jf{g lsof x} , j] P] ;L aft k/ / fhL gxL+ xf] ;st] x} + . n] lsg ;eL df+u sf] ;Daf] wg s/ g] sf ;a;] ;/ n pkfo oxL x} . zfob k|hftGq eL O;L sf] sxt] x} + . ox aft hfgt] x'P eL xdf/ ] g] tf nf] u O; aft sf] : jLsf/ s/ g] ;] 8Þ/ t] x} + . tfls eljio d] + pgsL JolQmut / fhgLlt vTd g xf] hfP .

lrGtg

k/ : k/ bf] ljk/ Lt ljrf/ wf/ f jfnL / fhgLlts zlQm cf} / / fi6«Lo ljv08g sL cleJolQm b] g] jfn] sf] eL ;dfj] z s/ ;+ljwfg agfg] sf k|of; lsof hf / xf x} . hf] xjf d] + dxn agfg] h} ;f xL x} . O;LlnP u0ftGq s] s§/ lj/ f] wL

lrqaxfb'/ s] ;L xL gxL+, Oltxf; ag r'sf / fhtGq jfk; nfg] sf ;kgf b] vg] jfn] sdn yfkf cf} / g] kfn sf] xL vl08t s/ cnu b] z agfg] sf Vjfj b] vg] jfn] ;Ls] / fpt s] ;fy ;ldlt s] ;+of] hs 8f= afa'/ fd e§/ fO{ åf/ f lsof uof jftf{nfk sf] O{

eL dfog] gxL+ / vtf .


xflb{s z'esfdgfljhof bzdL, z'e bLkfjnL tyf 57 kj{ @)&! sf] z'e cj;/df xfd|f

Oi6ldq, z'elrGts tyf ;Dk"0f{ g]kfnL bfh'efO, lbbLalxgLx?df ;'v, zflGt, ;d[l4 tyf ;'–:jf:Yosf] nflu xflb{s d+undo z'esfdgf JoQm ub{5'.

?jL ld>f

lhNnf ;b:odw]z /fli6«o ;dfhjfbL kf6L{

cWoIfdw]zL dlxnf pTyfg s]Gb|

hgsk'/–( wg'iff

Sof s/ ;st] x} + <;+ljwfg agfgf xL rfxt] x} + tf] k|lqmof

d] + hfg] s] lnP ljnDa gxL+ s/ gf rflxP . : d/ 0fLo x} – k|lqmof sf] c: jLsf/ s/ g] jfn] / fhtGqjfbL sdn yfkf cf} / u0ftGq lj/ f] wL lrqaxfb'/ s] ;L gxL+ x} + . pg nf] uf] + g] tf] sxf x} ls ;+ljwf;ef ;] ax'dt åf/ f kfl/ t ;+ljwfg pg sf] : jLsfo{ x} . n] lsg P] ;f s/ g] d] + d'Vo afws s] ¿k d] + ceL Pdfcf] jfbL cf} / dw] zjfbL bn lbv / x] x} + . Pdfcf] jfbL cf} / dw] zjfbL bn s] g] tf d] + 8/ x} – cu/ k|lqmof d] + hfP+u] tf] sf+u|] ;–Pdfn] xdf/ L sf] O{ eL aft gxL+ ;'g] uL cf} / ;+ljwfg d] + ckgf d'2f eL dha"t gxL+ xf] ;s] uf . O;LlnP Pdfcf] jfbL cf} / dw] zjfbL bn s] lnP kxrfg sf d'2f pgs] / fhgLlts eljio s] ;fy h'8Þf x'cf x} . Otgf xL gxL+, kxrfg sf d'2f vTd xf] g] k/ j] ckg] JolQmut / fhgLlts eljio sf eL cGt b] vt] x} + . O;LlnP j] sf+u|] ;–Pdfn] åf/ f lgdf{0f xf] g] jfn] ;Defljt ;+ljwfg ;] 8/ / x] x} + .

Ow/ sf+u|] ;–Pdfn] sf] eL 8/ x} ls Pdfcf] jfbL cf} / dw] zjfbL bnf] + s] dtfg';f/ ;+ljwfg lgdf{0f lsof hfP tf] ;+ljwfg d] + l;km{ j] xL nf] u xfjL xf] +u] cf} / p;s] afb sf+u|] ;–Pdfn] sf / fhgLlts eljio wf/ fzfoL xf] ;stf x} . O;LlnP sf+u|] ;–Pdfn] g] ef} uf] lns gfds/ 0f ;lxt ^ of & k|b] z s] ;+o'Qm cjwf/ 0ff eL ;fj{hlgs lsof x} . xfF, ox eL dfgf hf ;stf x} ls dfcf] jfbL cf} / dw] zL bnf] + s] cg';f/ kxrfg ;lxt sf ;+3Lo ;+ljwfg hf/ L xf] hfPuf tf] kxrfg lj/ f] wL bn s] ¿k d] + kl/ lrt sf+u|] ;–Pdfn] sf / fhgLlts cfwf/ Onfsf eL ;dfKt xf] hfPuf . O;sL lrGtf sf+u|] ;–Pdfn] s] g] tfcf] + d] + JofKt x} + . ljleGg bn s] g] tfcf] + s] dg d] + / x] P] ;] xL qf; s] sf/ 0f ;+ljwfg lgdf{0f sfo{ k|efjsf/ L ¿k

;] cfu] gxL+ a9Þ kf / xf x} . ljjflbt ljifo d] + ;xdlt h'6fg] s] lnP ul7t ;+jfb ;ldlt sL ;dofjlw af/ Daf/ k'g/ fjnf] sg xf] g] s] kL5] eL oxL sf/ 0f x} . ;+If] k d] +, ;Defljt efjL ;+ljwfg sf] n] s/ ;eL bn s] ;eL g] tfcf] + d] + qf; JofKt x} . ha ts pg nf] uf] + d] + P] ;f qf; / x] uf, ta ts ;+ljwfg lgdf{0f sfo{ cfu] gxL+ a9Þ kfPuf .

k/ Dk/ fut zlQm sf+u|] ;–Pdfn] åf/ f k|: tfljt / fHok'g;{+/ rgf ;DaGwL k|: tfj cf} / kl/ jt{gsf/ L zlQm Pdfcf] jfbL–dw] zjfbL bn åf/ f k|: tfljt / fHok';{+/ rgf ;DaGwL k|: tfj

sf b"/ ufdL k|efj s} ;f / x] uf < ox ljZn] if0f sf cnu d'2f x} . n] lsg bf] gf] + kIf åf/ f k|: tfljt k|: tfj sf] n] s/ Ps–cfk; d] + qf; JofKt x} – sxL+ O;;] d] / f / fhgLlts eljio tf] ;dfKt gxL+ xf] hfPuf < ofb / x] , pg nf] uf] + sL lrGtf ;Defljt ;+ljwfg sf b"/ ufdL k|efj b] z cf} / hgtf d] + s} ;] / x] uf, O; cf] /

gxL+ x} . ckgf / fhgLlts eljio ;'/ lIft xf] ;stf x} ls gxL+, O; dfgl;stf ;] u|: t xf] s/ g] tf nf] u / fHok'g;+{/ rgf, zf;sLo : j¿k, Gofok|0ffnL tyf lgjf{rg k|0ffnL s] ljifo d] + ;+ljwfg;ef s] abn] l/ ;f] 6{ d] + hfs/ ax; sf gf6s s/ / x] x} + . cu/ jf: tj d] + ;+ljwfg agfgf rfxt] x} + tf] P] ;L dfgl;stf cf} / lqmofsnfk sf] eL Tofu s/ gf rflxP .

ca tf] to x} ls lgwf{l/ t ltly df3 * ut] ;+ljwfg hf/ L xf] gf ;Dej gxL+ x} . P] ;L xL / fhgLlts cj: yf sfod / x] uL tf] cfufdL jif{ -)&@ s] df3 *_ d] + eL ;+ljwfg

hf/ L gxL+ xf] kfPuf . d'Vo aft tf] ox x} ls bnf] + s] aLr cfk;L qf; cf} / cfz+sf sfod / v s/ cfu] a9] +u] cf} / k|lqmof d] + hfg] ;] eL / fhL gxL+ xf] +u] tf] seL eL ;+ljwfg lgdf{0f gxL+ xf] ;s] uf . kl/ 0ffdtM kxn] sL t/ x xL lagf pknlAw ;+ljwfg;ef cGt xf] hfPuf .

O;LlnP ;+ljwfg hf/ L s/ gf x} tf] ljjflbt ljifof] + sf] ;d] 6 s/ d;f} bf lgdf{0f s/ s] p;s] kIf÷ljkIf d] + jf] l6+u s] lnP ;+ljwfg;ef d] + n] hfgf xL xf] uf . ofb / x] , ls;L eL xf+n d] + ljjfb/ lxt cf} / ;j{;Ddt t/ Ls] ;] ;+ljwfg hf/ L gxL+ xf] ;s] uf . O; oyfy{ sf] dgg s/ s] ;eL bn ax'dtLo k|lqmof d] + hfg] sf] t} of/ / xgf rflxP . teL ;+ljwfg hf/ L xf] kfPuf . l;km{ ;xdlt sf] / 6t] / x] +u] tf] / fhtGq k'g: yf{gf cf} / ;+3Lotf vf/ ] h s/ g] s] lnP eL t} of/ / xgf k8Þ] uf . ax'dtLo k|lqmof d] + hfP+u] tf] sd ;] sd kl/ jt{g lj/ f] wL dfg] hfg] jfnL zlQm k/ flht xf] ;stL x} cf} / ;+ljwfg eL hf/ L xf] kfPuf . gxL+ tf] kxn] sL t/ x lagf pknlAw ;+ljwfg;efsf d[Toj/ 0f xL k|tLIff sf ljifo / x] uf . v} / Û clGtd lg0f{o tf] g] tfcf] + s] xfy d] + x} xL+ . lll

lrGtg

cu/ ;r d] + xL ;eL / fhgLlts zlQm sf] ;d] 6s/ pgsL efjgf sf] efjL ;+ljwfg d] + k|ltlglwTj s/ gf rfx] +u] tf] ;+ljwfg;ef s] lnP rf} yL a8 ÞL zlQm sdn yfkf sL df+u sf] eL ;Daf] wg

s/ t] x'P / fh;+: yf k'gM: yflkt s/ gf k8 Þ ] uf, lrqaxfb'/ s] ;L s] cg';f/ ;+3Lotf ;DaGwL d'2f eL vf/ ] h xf] gf rflxP . Sof ckg] sf] a8 Þ ] cf} / ;j] {;jf{ sxnfg] jfn] sf+u|] ;, Pdfn] , Pdfcf] jfbL cf} / dw] zjfbL bn O; d] + ;xdt xf] ;st] x} + < cu/ ;xdt

xf] ;st] x} + tf] )$& ;fn s] xL ;+ljwfg sf] k'g: yf{lkt s/ g] d] + Sof xh{ x} < cu/ gxL+ tf] P] ;] tTjf] + s] ;fy ax; s/ s] Sof] +

;do aaf{b lsof hf / xf x} <


wd{

g] kf n ;/ sf / ;"rgf tyf ;~rf / dGqf no

;"rgf l jef u

xfdL g] kfnLx¿df h'g';s} If] qdf

klg sfd u/ ] / b] vfpg] ;Sg]

cj:yf 5 / ;kmn klg x'g

;lsG5 . gof“ tslgsL / gof“

If] qx¿df xfdL hfg} k5{ . d'VotM

xfdLdf k|lta4tf, nugzLntf, cf“6

/ ;fx;\ rflxG5 .


dw] zjfbL bnf+] s] pmk/ lkm/ ;] ;+s6 d+8/ f / xf x} . af/ f s]

l;d|f} gu9Þ d] + k'ln; sL uf] nL ;] o'js sL d[To' x'O{ . ;+ljwfg d] + dw] z sf clwsf/ ;'lglZrt gxL+ x'cf tf] …dw] z k|b] z gxL+, b] z ag] ufÚ cfjfh p7fof tf] ljv08gsf/ L sf cf/ f] k nuf s/ 8f=l;=s] / fpt sf] lu/ km\tf/ s/ lnof uof . cbfnt g] pGx] %) xhf/ ?ko] sL Uof/ ] G6L d] + l/ xf s/ g] sL aft sxL x} . p;s] afjh"b eL dw] zjfbL bnf] + sL cf] / ;] …r"+Ú ts cfjfh g lgsngf s'5 ;Gb] z tf] cjZo b] tf x} .

xf] ;stf x} – dw] zjfbL bn cu/ ls;L d'2f sf] n] s/ cfGbf] ng d] + pt/ t] x} + tf] pg k/ …;+ljwfg lj/ f] wLÚ cf/ f] k nu ;stf x} . hf] g] kfnL sfFu|] ;, g] skf Pdfn] ;lxt s] bn rfxt] x} + . O; dfog] d] + s'5 xb ts tf] 7Ls x} , n] lsg O;sf dtnj ox gxL+ ls Ps dw] zL s] pmk/ sx/ 9fxf hfP cf} / dw] z s] lhDd] jf/ bn r'krfk a} 7] / x] + . / f0ff zf;g cf} / / fhtGq d] + s[kf cf} / rfs/ L s] sf/ 0f dw] lzof] + sL kx'Fr pmk/ ts xf] tL yL . zfob O;L lnP dw] zL hgtf g] kfnL xf] t] x'P eL pGx] + b";/ ] bh] { sf gful/ s dfgf hftf yf . n] lsg nf] stGq d] + hgtf åf/ f r'gs/ e] hg]

k/ g] kfnL gful/ s sf] b";/ f bhf{ lbof hfP, O;;] zd{gfs aft nf] stGq d] + cf} / Sof xf] ;stL x} <

dw] z d] + xf+n xL d] + 3l6t tLg 36gfcf] + ;] : ki6 xf] tf ls / f0fftGq cf} / / fhtGq ;] Hofbf nf] stGq d] + dw] zL hgtf sf] cjx] lnt xf] gf k8Þf x} cf} / p;sL jfs\–: jtGqtf eL 5Lg nL uO{ x} . tLg 36gf x} +– ;Kt/ L d] + km] ; a's l6Kk0fL sf08, af/ f s] l;d|f} gu9 sL 36gf cf} / 8f=;L=s] / fpt k|s/ 0f .

8f=;L=s] / fpt sL untL a; OtgL x} ls pgs] kf; g tf] ls;L k|sf/ sf ;+u7g x} cf} / g j] a8Þ] bnf] + s] ;fy x} + . cu/ sf] O{ eL bn of ;+u7g b] z sf] ljv08g s/ gf rfxtf x} tf] jf: tj d] + jx ;a;] a8Þf ck/ fw x} . P] ;f cleofg rnfg] jfnf] + sf] Ps gLlt lgdf{0f s] txt ;hf ldngL xL rflxP . n] lsg nf] stGq d] + ls;L JolQm sf] af] ng] k/ b08–;hf lbof hfP tf] cleJolQm : jtGqtf sf Sof dtnj < ox g tf] / f0ff zf;g sfn d] + yf cf} / g xL+ / fhtGq d] + . cu/ nf] stGq d] + O;sL Joj: yf x} tf] ;a;] kxn] / fk|kf g] kfn s] cWoIf sdn yfkf k/ P] ;L sf/ jfxL Sof] gxL+ sL uO{ <

/ fhtGq sf] vTd s/ g] s] lnP ax'tf] + g]

ckgL hfg sL cfx'lt bL x} . b] z sL cfly{s l: ylt eL rsgfr"/ xf] uO{ . ta nf] stflGqs cf} / wd{lg/ k] If / fi6« agf . p; nf] stGq cf} / wd{lg/ k] Iftf s] lj/ f] w d] + / fk|kf g] kfn g] v'n] cfd …/ fhf cfpm, b] z arfpmÚ, lxGb" / fi6« 3f] if0ff u/ Ú cleofg rnfof tf] p; kf6L{ sf] P] ;L : jtGqtf sxfF ;] ldnL < cf} / dw] z d] + hGd] 8f= ;L=s] / fpt sf] / fhb|f] x < zfob ;L=s] = dw] z d] + gxL+ ls;L kxf8Þ d] + hGd] + xf] t] tf] cfh pGx] ox lbg b] vgf gxL+ k8Þtf .

dw] zL hgtf g] g] tfcf] sf] dt b] s/ lhtfof, / fHo sf] cR5f vf;f / fh: j lbof . lkm/ eL k'ln; sL uf] nL ;] dw] zL sL xTof xf] gf, h] n hfgf, ck/ fwL sf 7Kkf nugf, On] lS6«s o'u d] + km] ;a's s] ls;L ;dfrf/ k/ l6Kk0fL s/ g] k/ sf/ jfxL xf] gf, clwsf/ sL n8ÞfO{ d] + g] tf ju{ åf/ f df} g / xgf, xf] tf x} tf] P] ;f nf] stGq ls; sfd sf < O;;] kxn] eL PsLs[t g] skf dfcf] jfbL åf/ f ;+;b d] + ah6 aS; tf] 8Þf hftf x} tf] pGx] s'5 gxL+ lsof hftf . dw] zL g] tf åf/ f ;+;b d] + dfOs tf] 8Þg] cf} / s';L{ km] sg] k/ pGx] h'df{gf, h] n cf} / lgnDag ts sL cfjfh p7L, P] ;f Sof] < hals If] qkmn, hg;+Vof,

dw] zL bnf] + sL / fhgLlt sf} g ;L s/ j6 n] uL <

s}nfz bf;

dw] zjfbL bn ckg] cfk sf] lstgf eL zlQmzfnL ;dem] +, n] lsg j] ax't xL sdhf] / x} + . pg d] + : jR5 ljrf/ , / fhgLlts

kl/ kSjtf, Odfgbf/ L cf} / b"/ ufdL b[li6 sL sdL x} .

ljZn]if0f


/ fh: j k|To] s b[li6 ;] dw] z g] kfn sf dxTjk"0f{ e"efu x} . n] lsg clwsf/ cf} / : jtGqtf d] + xd] zf sdhf] / .

dw] zjfbL bn ckg] cfk sf] lstgf eL zlQmzfnL ;dem] +, n] lsg j] ax't xL sdhf] / x} + . pg d] + : jR5 ljrf/ , / fhgLlts kl/ kSjtf, Odfgbf/ L cf} / b"/ ufdL b[li6 sL sdL x} . cf} / ha ts O; cj: yf d] + ;'wf/ gxL+ xf] uf, ta ts dw] z ckg] clwsf/ f] + sf ;d'lrt k|of] u gxL+ s/ kfPuf .

;+ljwfg lgdf{0f sL aft dw] zL bnf] + s] lnP uf} 0f x} . j] kxrfg Pj+ ;+3Lotf ;lxt sf ;+ljwfg rfxt] x} + . n] lsg ;+;b d] + j] sdhf] / x} + . ;8Þs cfGbf] ng s] lnP dw] zL hgtf dw] zL bnf] + k/ ljZjf; gxL+ s/ t] . P] ;L cj: yf d] + j] Sof s/ ] + < g] kfnL sfFu|] ;, g] skf Pdfn] cf} / PsLs[t g] skf dfcf] jfbL s] lk5nUu" aggf pgs] lnP afWotf x} . n] lsg o] tLgf] + a8] Þ bn ;+3Lotf ;lxt s] ;+ljwfg nfg] s] kIf d] + gxL+ x} + . en] xL Pdfcf] jfbL ;+3Lotf cf} / kxrfg s] lnP s'5 zAbf] + sf] vr{ s/ / x] x} + . O;LlnP dw] zjfbL bn p;s] ;fy df] rf{ agf s/ a} 7] x} + .

oxfF Ps aft : d/ 0fLo x} , lh; ;do

Pdfcf] jfbL g] t[Tj sL ;/ sf/ yL, p; ;/ sf/ d] + dw] zjfbL bnf] + sL eL ;xeflutf yL . p;L ;/ sf/ g] ;+3Lotf ;DaGwL ljjfb s] sf/ 0f xL ;+ljwfg ;ef sf] lj36g s/ lbof yf . cfh jxL Pdfcf] jfbL s] ;fy u7aGwg s/ dw] zjfbL bn cfGbf] ng sL aft s/ / x] x} +, hf] dw] zL hgtf s] lxt d] + gxL+ x} .

dw] zjfbL bnf+] sL dfFu x} – kxrfg ;lxt sf ;+3Lo ;+ljwfg, : jfot dw] z Ps k|b] z . n] lsg df] rf{ d] + xL cfj4 Pdfcf] jfbL p;s] ljk/ Lt x+} . Pdfcf] jfbL k|r08 sL cleJolQm ;] : ki6 xf] tf x} ls jf] dw] z Ps k|b] z s] lnP j] seL / fhL gxL+ xf+] u] . Ps sfo{qmd d] + t/ fO{ dw] z / fi6«Lo cleofg s] ;+of] hs hok|sfz u'Ktf g] sxf ls k|r08 sL cleJolQm ;] bf] k|sf/ sL aft] + : ki6 xf] tL x} + . Ps dw] z : jfot k|b] z s/ lbof uof tf] cfg] jfn] sn d] +, hf] 8f= ;L=s] / fpt sf cleofg x} jx ;kmn xf] hfPuf . O;lnP dw] z d] + kfFr k|b] z cfjZos x} .

ox ax't xL uDeL/ aft x} . Ps t/ km dw] zjfbL Pdfcf] jfbL s] ;fy sGwf d] + sGwf ldnfs/ rngf rfxtf x} tf] b";/ L cf] / ljZjf;3ft sL aft cf / xL x} . P] ;] d] + Sof Pdfcf] jfbL s] ;fy u7aGwg s/ rngf 7Ls x} < sbflk gxL+ . Sof] rflxP Pdfcf] jfbL sf ;fy dw] zjfbL bnf] + s] u7aGwg sf] < cu/

;eL dw] zjfbL bn Ps xf] s/ Ps gf/ f, Ps cleofg cf} / ckgL dfFu s] k|lt b[9Þ / x] + tf] cfg] jfn] ;+ljwfg d+] dw] z sf ;d'lrt clwsf/ ;'lglZrt x} . j} ;] lh; k|sf/ ;] g] tfu0f sL cleJolQm cf / xL x} O;;] : ki6 xf] tf x} ls df3 * ut] ;+ljwfg gxL+ ag kfPuf .

ceL g] kfnL sfFu|] ; cf} / Pdfn] s] u7aGwg jfnL ;/ sf/ x} . lkm/ eL bf] gf] + kf6L{ s] g] tfu0f ljZj: t gxL+ x} ls ;+ljwfg df3 * ut] ag kfPuf . g] kfnL sfFu|] ; sL aft s/ ] + tf] k|wfgdGqL ;'zLn sf] O/ fnf sf sxgf x} ls ls;L eL xfnt d] + lgwf{l/ t ltly d] + ;+ljwfg ag] uf . cf} / p;L kf6L{ s] jl/ i7 g] tf z] / axfb'/ b] pjf O; aft d] + ;z+lst x} + . dw] zjfbL bnf] + sf] ax; p;;] gxL x} . dw] lzof] + sf] ;+ljwfg ls;L eL xfnt d] + rflxP < O;lnP Ps gLlt s] txt p; k/ bjfj ;[hgf s/ g] sL cfjZostf x} . ;+3Lotf ;lxt s] ;+ljwfg cf} / Ps dw] z : jfot k|b] z sL hf] dfFu x} , p;s] lnP Psh"6 xf] s/ s+wf ;] s+wf ldnfs/ rn] +, O;L d] + dw] z cf} / dw] zjfbL bnf] + sf enf lbvtf x} . cu/ O; ;do PsLs/ 0f gxL xf] ;sf tf] dw] z sL / fhgLlt xL vTd gxL xf] uL alNs dw] z sf] clwsf/ ;] eL xfy wf] gf k8Þ ;stf x} . dw] zL hgtf sL rfxgf cf} / efjgf s] cg';f/ cfu] a9Þg] d] + xL ;eL sf enf x} . lllEmail: [email protected]

;+ljwfg lgdf{0f sL aft dw] zL

bnf] + s] lnP uf} 0f x} . j] kxrfg

Pj+ ;+3Lotf ;lxt sf ;+ljwfg

rfxt] x} + . n] lsg ;+;b d] + j]

sdhf] / x} + . ;8Þs cfGbf] ng s]

lnP dw] zL hgtf dw] zL bnf] + k/

ljZjf; gxL+ s/ t] . P] ;L cj: yf

d] + j] Sof s/ ] + < g] kfnL sfFu|] ;,

g] skf Pdfn] cf} / PsLs[t g] skf

dfcf] jfbL s] lk5nUu" aggf

pgs] lnP afWotf x} . n] lsg

o] tLgf] + a8] Þ bn ;+3Lotf ;lxt

s] ;+ljwfg nfg] s] kIf d] + gxL+

x} + . en] xL Pdfcf] jfbL ;+3Lotf

cf} / kxrfg s] lnP s'5 zAbf] +

sf] vr{ s/ / x] x} + . O;LlnP

dw] zjfbL bn p;s] ;fy df] rf{

agf s/ a} 7] x} + .

ljZn] if0f


dfgj clwsf/ xgg s] lnP l;km{ dw] z sL ld§L pj{/ x} P] ;f sxgf

zfob ptgf hfoh gxL+ xf] uf . ;du| g] kfn d+] dfgj clwsf/ xgg sL 36gf xf] tL cf / xL x} . k/ +t' ,sO{ dfgj clwsf/ ;+: yfcf] s] cg';f/ lk5n] sO{ ;fnf+] ;] dw] z sL ld§L dfgj clwsf/ xgg s] lnP s'5 Hofbf xL pj{/ xf] tL hf / xL x} . dw] z d] + e"ldut / fhgLlt s] bf} / fg @*! o'jfcf] + sL u} / Goflos xTof xf] of, lkm/ u} / sfg"gL ¿k d] + bL hfg] jfnL oftgf xf] . dw] z d] + a9Þt] u} / Goflos lu/ km\tf/ L sf] xd cnu gxL+ / v ;st] x} + . ;du| d] + sxf hfP tf] , l;km{ ;+VofTds lx;fa ;] xL gxL+ alNs km} nfj6 s] lx;fa ;] eL O; d] + a9Þf] Q/ L x'O{ x} . teL tf] , dw] z d+] dfgj clwsf/ ;+: yfcf] sL ;+Vof d] + j[l4 x'O{ x} . Ps P] ;L xL dfgj clwsf/ ;+: yf t/ fO{ dfgj clwsf/ / Ifs ;~hfn -y8{ PnfoG;_ åf/ f x/ ] s tLg dxLg] d] + k|ltj] bg t} of/ s/ / fi6«Lo tyf cGt/ / fi6«Lo : t/ k/ cfjfh p7fO{ hftL x} . sf] lzz xf] tL x} , dfgj clwsf/ xgg d] + sdL nfg] sL .

aft xd s/ t] x} + @)!$ sL, lk5n] b; dxLgf+] sL, cu/ xd sx] + ls Og dxLgf+] d] + dfgj clwsf/ xgg d] + sdL cfO x} tf] zfob ckg] cfksf] em"7f ;flat s/ gf xf] uf . oftgf, u} / Goflos lu/ km\tf/ L, dlxnflx+;f of tf] lkm/ cleJolQm : jtGqtf sL xf] , Og ;eL sf u|fkm gLr] gxL+ cf kfof x} . g rfxt] x'P eL d'em] O; n] v sf zLif{s dfgj clwsf/ cf} / dfgl;stf / vgf k8Þf x} , s'5 P] ;L 36gf lhgd] + dfgj clwsf/ sL 36gf d+] : 6] 6 sL dfgl;stf k/ clwstd JolQmof] + åf/ f ;jfn v8Þf lsof uof x} . 36gf x} #! dO{ @)!$ sL, ;Kt/ L s] cAb'n / xdfg sL df] 6/ ;fOsn rf] / L cf} / p; 36gf sf] n] s/ km] ;a's k/ cAb'n sL k|ltlqmof, …Sof ;'w/ ] uL k'ln;, rf] / L sL uO{ v'b sL df] 6/ ;fOsn ktf nufg] s] lnP k'ln; sf] %),))) gub

b] gf k8Þf . a; O;L cleJolQm s] sf/ 0f cAb'n sf] ;fOa/ qmfOd s] txt u} / Goflos tl/ s] ;] lu/ km\tf/ lsof uof . O; 36gf s] 7Ls bf] lbg afb xL / fh" ;fx sf] lu/ km\tf/ s/ lnof hftf x} . / fh' ;fx, hf] ls k|;f;g cflkm; d] + cflkm;/ sL gf} s/ L s/ tf yf . dfdnf yf– ;fdflhs ;+hfn km] ;a's cf} / 6\jL6/ k/ u[xdGqL afdb] a uf} td sL Ps t: jL/ , lh;d+] uf} td 6«flkms lgodf] + sf pNn+3g s/ ;8Þs k/ nufP uP l8efO8/ sL / : ;L sf] p7f s/ ;8Þs kf/ s/ / x] y] . ;fdflhs ;+hfn d] + p; t: jL/ s] pmk/ ax't ;f/ ] sd] G6 lso] uo] y] . s'5 P] ;L k|ltlqmof eL cfO{ yL lh;sf] ceL oxfF k/ / vgf plrt gxL+ xf] uf . p;L t: jL/ k/ / fh"

;fx sL eL k|ltlqmof yL, P] ;] sf] tf] lk5jf8Þ] d] + uf] nL 7f] sgf rflxP . a;, p;s] afb jxL x'cf hf] bf] lbg kxn] cAb'n s] ;fy x'cf yf, / fh' sf] eL lu/ km\tf/ s/ lnof uof . / fh' sf] tLg lbg ts s] Gb|Lo cg';Gwfg Ao"/ f] d] + cg';Gwfg s] lnP / vf uof . dfgf] P] ;f nuf ls, u[x dGqfno åf/ f ;fdflhs ;+hfn k/ ljz] if lgu/ fgL / vf hf / xf yf . cleJolQm : jtGqtf xgg sL a] hf] 8Þ s8ÞL yL cAb'n cf} / / fh' sL lu/ km\tf/ L . nf] uf] + sf dfggf x} ls, : 6] 6 g] ox Sof] + gxL+ ;f] rf ls, km] ;a's k/ j} ;L k|ltlqmof cfgf Ps o'jf sL k|ltlqmof x} , pRr cf] xb] k/ cf;Lg JolQmTj s] u} / lhDd] bf/ fgf x/ st s] lnP .

Og bf] gf] + 36gf s] afb ;fdflhs ;+hfn

dw] z, dfgj clwsf/ cf} / dfgl;stf

/0fwL/ rf}w/L

dw] z ljb|f] x s] ts/ Ljg cf7 jif{ aLt r's] x} + . Og cf7 jiff] {+ d] +

dw] z g] Sof xfl;n lsof < xfF s'5 zAb p;s] lx: ;] d] + cjZo cfP

d;ng ;dfj] zLs/ 0f, ;dfg'kftL, ;xeflutf cf} / Psfw pRrkb .

ljrf/


d] + dw] ;L hgtf g] ckgL k|ltlqmof b] gL z'? sL, lh; sf] cu/ Wofg ;] b] vf hfo tf] , ;eL s] n] v j k|ltlqmof d+] dw] ;L s] ;fy e] befj lsP hfg] sL xL aft yL . nf] uf] + sf ox eL dfggf x} ls, Ps nf] stflGqs b] z d] + jf: tljs k|ltlqmof b] g] s] sf/ 0f km] ;a's h] g/ ] ;g sL lu/ km\tf/ L : 6] 6 sL kq ;+ !($* g] lsof x} . g] kfn s] ;Gbe{ d] + dfgj clwsf/ cfGbf] ng lj=;+ @)$^ s] afb xL kl/ is[t x'cf x} . ;+o'Qm / fi6« ;+3 s] Ps lhDd] bf/ ;b: o sL x} l;ot ;] dfgj clwsf/ s] sO{ dxTjk"0f{ dxf;+lwof] sf kIfw/ / fi6« eL g] kfn ag r'sf x} . lkm/ eL, O; b] z d] + dfgj clwsf/ sL cj: yf cu/ gfh's lbvfO{ b] tf] O; aft sf] : jLsf/ g] d] + xd] + h/ f eL ;+sf] r gxL dfggf rflxP .

lkm/ xd aft s/ +] p; 36gf sL, lh;g] lk5n] dxLg] ;] dw] ; cf} / g] kfnL / fhgLlt s] ulnof/ f+] d] + ;g;gL drfO{ x'O{ x} , ofgL 8f=;L=s] / fpt sL lu/ km\tf/ L . 36gf ;] K6] Da/ !# sL x} . 8f= / fpt ;Gyfn hflt s] åf/ f dgfg] jfnL 5ftf d] nf ;] nf} 6 / x] y] . p;L jQm pgsf] lu/ km\tf/ s/ lnof uof . nueu @ bh{g k'ln; pgsL ef8] Þ sL uf8ÞL sf] / f] s s/ lagf gf] l6; s] ks8Þ n] tL x} . k'ln; sf] cR5L t/ x ;] ktf xf] gf rflxP ls, g] kfn s] cGtl/ d ;+lawfg @)^# s] wf/ f @$ s] pkwf/ f -!_ d+] , sf/ 0f ;lxt sL ;"rgf s] afb xL ls;L sf] lu/ km\tf/ lsof hf ;stf x} . 8f= / fpt sL lu/ km\tf/ L k|s/ 0f g] ] tf] dfgj clwsf/ xgg sL ;Ldf xL kf/ s/ nL . lu/ km\tf/ L s] @ 3G6] afb 8f= / fpt sf] gf] l6; lbof hftf x} , cf} / lu/ km\tf/ L sf sf/ 0f atfof hftf x} , e8Þsfp efif0f . g] kfn s] cGtl/ d ;+ljwfg @)^# sL wf/ f !# -#_ lh;d] + : ki6 sxf uof x} , x/ ] s JolQm sf] cleJolQm : jtGqtf x} . sf] O{ eL JolQm ckgf ljrf/ zflGtk"0f{ t/ Ls] ;] / v ;stf x} . ;jf{] Rr Gofofno d+] aGbL k|ToIfLs/ 0f d'2f k8Þg] s] afb pgsf] sf7df+8" nfof uof, xg'dfg 9f] sf yfgf d] + / vf uof . 8f= / fpt s] cg';f/ pgsf] jxfF k/ dfgl;s oftgf bL uO{ . xd] + ktf xf] gf rflxP, g] kfn s] c=;+= s] wf/ f @^ sL pkwf/ f -!_ adf] lhd ls;L eL s} bL sf] oftgf b] gf dfgj clwsf/ sf 3f] / pNn+3g xf] tf x} . 8f= ;L=s] / fpt k/ / fHo ljKna, ;fj{hlgs ck/ fw cf} / ;fOa/

qmfOd s] txt d'sbdf rnfof uof x} . / fi6« ljefhg jfnL efjgfcf+] sf] ;lDdlnt s/ lstfa lnvg] sf cf/ f] k eL nufof uof x} . g] kfn s] cGtl/ d ;+ljwfg @)^# ;] ktf rntf x} ls, ;+ljwfg sL wf/ f -!_ d] : ki6 cIf/ f+] d] + lnvf uof x} ls, ls;L eL JolQm sf] s'5 k|sfzg s/ g] k/ / f] s gxL nufof hfouf . cf} / pk–wf/ f @, # d] + 5k hfg] s] afb p;sf] hkm\t eL gxL+ lsof hf ;stf . g] kfn d+] dfgj clwsf/ pNn+3g Ps cfd aft xf] r'sL x} . g] kfn Ps u/ La cf} / cljsl;t / fi6« x} . ljsf; s] lnP hgtf a] r} g x} . x/ ] s ;fn ah6 efif0f xf] tf xL x} . b] z ljsf; s] lnP ah6 ldnfof hftf x} . O; af/ eL ljsf; s] lnP cR5L / sd bL uO{ x} . aft s/ ] + ;8Þs ljsf; sL, ;8Þs ljsf; s] lnP hDdf #& c/ a ah6 cnu lsof uof, lh;d] + $ c/ a t/ fO{ sL ;8Þsf] + s] lnP x} . d} + gxL+ e"n kfof x"F, ha seL eL d} + t/ fO{ d] + ljsf; Sof] + gxL+ < ox ;jfn sf7df+8" s] ldqf] + ;] s/ tf yf tf] j] d'em] ax't xL cR5L t/ x ;] ;demft] y] – t/ fO{ s] nf] u hfu¿s gxL+ x} + cf} / ljsl;t xf] gf gxL+ rfxt] x} + . d} rlst / x hftf yf . aft O;L !! cS6'a/ @)!$ sL x} , af/ f s] l;d|f} gu9Þ, hxfF k/ : yfgLo åf/ f ;8Þs lgdf{0f s] lnP cfjfh p7fO{ uO{ cf} / ho gf/ fo0f k6] n sf] / fHo åf/ f rnfO uO{ uf] nL sf lzsf/ xf] gf k8Þf . / fHo sL t/ km ;] hjfa cfof l: ylt lgoGq0f ;] afx/ xf] r'sL yL . O;lnP uf] nL rnfgL k8ÞL . uf] nL rnfg] s] eL s'5 lgod–sfg"g xf] t] x} + . g] kfn s] : yfgLo k|zf;g P] g @)@* s] cg';f/ cu/ uf] nL rnfg] sL kl/ l: ylt cf xL uO{ tf] p;s] eL r/ 0f xf] t] x} + lh;s] txt, / fHo åf/ f eL8Þ sf] kxn] ;demfgf rflxP, c>' u} ; 5f] 8Þgf rflxP, kfgL sf kmJjf/ f k|of] u s/ gf rflxP, xjf d] + uf] nL rnfgf rflxP, / a/ sL uf] nL rnfgL rflxP . uf] nL rnft] x} + tf] O;

t/ Ls] ;] rnfPF lh;;] OG;fg sL df} t g xf] . n] lsg l;d|f} gu9Þ 36gf d] + Og lgodf] + sf zfgbf/ pNn+3g lsof uof x} .

ljsf; s] lnP cfjfh p7fgf OG;fg sf df} lns clwsf/ x} , lh; clwsf/ sf] oxfF P;=Pn=cf/ s] åf/ f baf lbof hftf x} . ox cfd dw] ;L hgtf sf sxgf x} . pgsf ox eL sxgf x} ls, u0ftflGqs g] kfn s] Oltxf; d+] ;DejtM ox kxnL 36gf x} .

xfF, h¿/ L x} dfgl;stf d] + kl/ jt{g nfgf . u0ftflGqs b] z d] + cleJolQm : jtGqtf sfod / xgL

rflxP . ljsf; s] lnP p7L cfjfh sf] clws ;] clws ;'ggf cf} / ;demgf rflxP . g] kfn s] tyfslyt dfgj clwsf/ sld{of+] sL r'KkL ;] hflx/ xf] tf x} ls dfgl;stf d] + kl/ jt{g ls ax't cfjZostf x} . bjfa k8Þg] s] afb ;L=s] / fpt k|s/ 0f d] + af] ngf cf} / l;d|f} gu9Þ uf] nLsf08 d] + a8ÞL r'KkL ;fwgf, O;;] ktf rntf x} ls dfgl;stf d] kl/ jt{g nfgf rflxP cf} / b] z sL hgtf sf] pgs] dfgj clwsf/ sf pkof] u s/ g] sf cj;/ ldngf rflxP . gjul7t / fi6«Lo dfgj clwsf/ cfof] u ;] xd] + cf; nufgf xL xf] uf, xfn xL d] + ul7t cfof] u s] cWoIf cg'k/ fh zdf{ sf sxgf x} ls cfof] u åf/ f lsP uP l;kmfl/ ; sf] nfu' gxL lsof uof tf] cfFwL t'kmfg nf b] +u] . cfd nf] uf] + sf dfggf x} ls, dw] ; d] + dfgj clwsf/ sf xgg g xf] g] b] g] s] lnP kxn] ;eL dfgj clwsf/ / Ifsf] + sL dfgl;stf d] + kl/ jt{g cfgf clt cfjZos x} . lll

ljrf/

lahofbzdL, z'ebLkfjnL

tyf 57 kj{ @)&! s]

kfjg cj;/ k/ ;Dk"0f{

z'elrGts tyf b] zjfl;of] +

d] + ;'v, zflGt, ;d[l4 Pj+

pQ/ f] Q/ k|ult s] lno] +

xflb{s d+undo z'esfdgf

AoQm s/ t] x} + .

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) krf; jif{ k'/ fgf cf} Bf] lus If] q x] 6f} 8f, ceL Sof] + abxfnL d] + hL / xf x} <

– P] ;L cj: yf sf d'Vo sf/ 0f b] z sL / fhgLlts cl: y/ tf x} . O; cl: y/ tf s] rnt] cf} Bf] lus gLlt, sfg"gL k|Tofe"lt ;eL efif0f cf} / sfuh d] + ;Lldt / x uP, ljsf; lk58Þ uof .) cf} Bf] lus gLlt d] + ;'wf/ sL cfzf sL hf ;stL x} <

– h¿/ sL hf ;stL x} . O;s] lnP / fHo cf} / / fhgLlts bnf] + sf] cfu] cfgf xf] uf . pBf] uL Joj;floof] + sf] olb cfjZos ;'ljwf / fHo ;] k|bfg sL hfP tf] kfFr ;] n] s/ ;ft jif{ s] cGb/ ljsl;t b] z sL t/ x ufx{: Yo cfdbgL sf] a9Þfof hf ;stf x} . h} ;] sf] O{ pBf] uL ;f} JolQm sf] / f] huf/ b] g] jfnf pBf] u : yfkgf s/ tf x} tf] / fHo sL cf] / ;] ljleGg lgsfo d] + l: yt lgliqmo k"FhL sf] sd ;] sd b; jif{ s] lnP Go"gtd Aofh n] s/ p; pBf] u sf] shf{ k|jfx s/ gf rflxP . P] ;f lsof hfP tf] o'jfcf] + sf ljb] z knfog eL sd xf] uf .) lkm/ eL o'jf ju{ sf ljb] z hfg] sf qmd tf] x/ / f] h a9 Þtf xL hf / xf x} , k|efjL gLlt sa ts cf ;stL x} <

– / f] huf/ L sL Uof/ ] G6L gxL+ xf] g] ;] cf} / ;/ sf/ tyf / fhgLlts bn eL O; dfdn] d] + uDeL/ g xf] g] ;] Ifdtfjfg kl7t o'jf ju{ s] lnP j} b] lzs / f] huf/ xL Ps ljsNk s] ¿k d] + lbvfO{ k8Þ / xf x} . b'ef{Uo b] lvP, oxfF s] 8fS6/ , OGhLlgo/ eL ljb] z hf / x] x} + . O;s] lnP k"0f{tM ;/ sf/ cf} / / fhgLlts bn lhDd] jf/ x} + .) n] lsg x] 6f} 8f d] + ax'/ fi6«Lo sDklgof] + d] + : yfgLo nf] uf] + sf k|j] z ax't sd x} . pRr kbf] + d] + k|foM afx/ s] xL nf] u x} + . ta s} ;]

ck] lIft gLlt ;fsf/ xf] uL <–b] z sL ;/ sf/ sf] sfg"g åf/ f ;~rflnt xf] gf rflxP . n] lsg

oxfF / fhgLlts ;d"x sf zf;g rn / xf x} . / fhgLlts bn cf} / / fHo bf] gf] + ldn s/ vf; gLlt lgdf{0f s/ / fHo sf ;~rfng xf] gf rflxP yf . n] lsg P] ;f gxL+ xf] kf / xf x} . Sof] +ls xdf/ f lgod–sfg"g sdhf] / x} . sfg"g sf sfof{Gjog eL sdhf] / x} . p; k/ g] kfn sf >d sfg"g eL ;dofg's"n gxL+ x} .) pBf] u aGb xf] g] sf qmd ceL eL hf/ L x} , P] ;f Sof] + <

–g] kfn ;/ sf/ åf/ f ;a ;] Hofbf k"FhL lgj] z s/ : yflkt krf; jif{ kxn] sf cf} Bf] lus If] q, O;L x] 6f} 8f gu/ d+] l: yt x} . Otgf xL gxL+, ax'/ fi6«Lo sDkgL eL oxfF ;~rfng d] + x} + cf} / lbgf] + lbg pgsL ;+Vof a9Þ / xL x} . n] lsg / fHo s] gLlt–lgdf{tfcf] + sf] O;s] af/ ] d] + g sf] O{ hfgsf/ L x} , g sf] O{ uj{ x} . g] kfn sf ;a;] a8Þf eG;f/ sfof{no oxfF ;] %)–%% lsnf] dL6/ sL b"/ L jL/ uGh d] + l: yt x} . g] kfn s] dWoefu d] + l: yt O; zx/ ;] / fhwfgL sf7df+8" kx'Frg] d] + l;k{m # 306] nut] x} + . oxfF sL hdLg l;km{ !& k|ltzt v] tLof] Uo x} . hnjfo' ;dzLtf] i0f x} . df} ;d cg's"n / xtf x} . Otg] ;an kIf xf] t] x'P eL O; zx/ sf] xd nf] u ljsf; s] b[li6sf] 0f ;] b] z sf b";/ f zx/ gxL+ agf kfo] . lkm/ eL O; gu/ L sf] ;'Gb/ cf} / ;DkGg agfg] s] lnP oxfF s] ;|f] t cf} / ;fwg sf pkof] u s/ t] x'P : yfgLo pBf] u jfl0fHo ;+3, oftfoft Joj;fo ;+3, lgdf{0f Joj;fo ;+3 cf} / h] l;; ;+: yfcf] + g] ;+o'Qm k|of; z'? lsof x} .) cf} Bf] lus ljsf; s] lnP cR5L ;8 Þsf] + sf ;~hfn xf] gf h¿/ L

xdf/ L cf} Bf] lus gLlt / fhgLlt ;] b'ik|efljt x}

dsjfgk'/ pBf] u jfl0fHo ;+3 s] k"j{ cWoIf, lkmnxfn dWodf~rn If] qLo pBf] u jfl0fHo ;+3 s] c?0f/ fh ;'dfuL{, Ps st{Jolgi7 ;dfh;] jL s] ¿k d+] eL hfg] hft] x} + . j] hj x] 6f} 8f pBf] u jfl0fHo ;+3 s] cWoIf y] , p; ;do pGxf] +g] ckg] : juL{o lktf dfwj/ fh ;'dfuL{ : d[lt sf] if s] Ps s/ f] 8 ¿ko] ;] x] 6f} 8f d] + k] ohn cf} / ;8s lgdf{0f sfo{ k|f/ De lsof yf . pg;] lxdflngL s] ;Djfbbftf uf] ljGb Gof} kfg] åf/ f sL uO{ aftrLtM

cGt/jftf{


x} . n] lsg oxfF ;8 Þsf] + sL cj: yf uO{–u'h/ L x} . P] ;f Sof] + <–;8Þsf] + s] af/ ] d] + ;/ sf/ ca cfs/ s'5 ;r] t x'O{ x} . b] z

s] Oltxf; d] + xL kxnL af/ k|wfgdGqL g] 8f] 6L ;jf/ L b'3{6gf s] s;"/ jf/ f] + sf] sf/ jfxL s/ g] s] lnP Ps 5fgaLg ;ldlt sf u7g lsof x} . oftfoft s] Oltxf; d] + O;] gjLgtd sxf hf ;stf x} . O;;] k|dfl0ft xf] tf x} ls ;DalGwt lgsfo cyf{t\ ;8Þs ljefu, 6«flkms k|x/ L, ;8Þs agfg] jfn] 7] s] bf/ Og ;af] + sL nfk/ jfxL cf} / u} / lhDd] bf/ fgf / j} o] ;] ;8Þs b'3{6gf xf] tL x} . ;jf/ L rfns sL bIftf sf] lagf b] v] nfO;] G; d'x} of s/ fg] ;] eL b'3{6gf d] + j[l4 x'O{ x} . b'3{6gf d] + d/ g] jfnf] + sf] zxLb 3f] if0ff s/ fg] s] lnP eL nf] uf] + g] sf] O{ s;/ afFsL g / vf . n] lsg b'3{6gf s] tx ts kx'Fr s/ ;'wf/ s/ g] sL lbzf d] + ls;L g] kxn gxL+ sL . ;8Þsf] sL xfnt bogLo xf] g] ;] xL b} jL k|sf] k ;] lhtg] nf] u df/ ] hft] x} +, ;8Þs b'3{6gf d] + p;;] Hofbf nf] u ckgL hfg u+jft] x} + . s} ;L lj8Dagf x} .) O; af/ ] d] + / fHo Sof] + uDeL/ gxL+ x} <

– / fhgLlts bn ljsf; of] hgf s] af/ ] d] + rrf{ tf] s/ t] x} + n] lsg ljsf; sf sfd xf] g] gxL+ b] t] . j] ;f] rt] x} +, ha ckgL ;/ sf/ ag] uL, ox ljsf; sf sfd p;L ;do d] + lsof hfPuf . cyf{t\ ljsf; sf >] o j] ls;L b";/ L kf6L{ sf] b] gf gxL+ rfxt] . OtgL 3l6of ;f] r / vg] jfn] g] tf ;] xd nf] u Sof cfzf s/ ;st] x} + Û) x] 6f} 8f If] q cGtu{t !# lsnf] dL6/ -lt/ lt/ ] wf/ ;] / ftf] df6] _ sL Ps ;8 Þs agg] jfnL yL, p;sf Sof x'cf <

– b] z s] ljleGg : yfg ;] x] 6f} 8f afhf/ xf] t] x'P sf7df+8" cf} / ;'b"/ –klZrd ts hfg] s] lnP xhf/ f] + uf8ÞL O; zx/ d] + x/ / f] h cftL x} . O;;] lgsnf x'cf sfa{g ;] s} ;] lgk6f hfP, ox Ps

;d: of x} . Ps afOkf; / f] 8 xf] tf] aft s'5 ag ;stL x} . O;L cfjZostf sf] Wofg d] + / vt] x'P ha d} + dsjfgk'/ pBf] u jfl0fHo ;+3 sf cWoIf yf, p; ;do d} +g] ckg] : juL{o lktf dfwj/ fh ;'dfuL{ : d[lt sf] if ;] Ps s/ f] 8Þ s] ;xof] u d] + afOkf; / f] 8 lgdf{0f sfo{ z'? lsof yf . jx sfo{ ceL aGb gxL+ x} . n] lsg lhlj; cf} / gu/ kflnsf sL cf] / ;] O;sf sf] O{ ;+/ If0f gxL+ xf] / xf x} . O; zx/ sf] ;'Gb/ agfg] s] lnP ox afOkf; ;8Þs h¿/ L x} . O;;] ;jf/ L rfk d] + sdL eL cfPuL cf} / zx/ sf ;f} Gbo{ eL arf / x] uf .) kfFr ;f} o'jsf] + sf] / f] huf/ b] g] sL aft rnL yL, p;sf Sof x'cf <

– j} b] lzs / f] huf/ d] + hfg] jfn] o'jsf] + sL ;+Vof lbgf] +lbg a9ÞtL hf / xL x} . O; ;d: of sf] uDeL/ tf ;] n] t] x'P Ps ;Rr] g] kfnL pBf] uL Joj;foL s] ¿k d] + xd nf] uf] + g] ljb] z ;] k"FhL cf} / / f] huf/ L bf] gf] + sf] nfg] sf cj;/ pknAw s/ fof x} . O; / f] huf/ , u|fdL0f zlQm -?/ n ;f] ;{_ sf] xd ljZj afhf/ d] + cgnfOg åf/ f ;] jf k|bfg s/ ] +u] . O; p2] Zo s] ;fy a] nfot s] cS;kmf] 8{ o'lgel;{6L cGtu{t ef/ t s] a} +nf] / d] + l: yt ?/ n ;f] ;{ s] ;fy ldn s/ s/ La kfFr ;f} o'jf zlQm sf] / f] huf/ k|bfg s/ g] sf p2] Zo x} . lj=;+= @)&@ s] kxn] dlxg] ;] O; sfd sf >Lu0f] z xdf/ ] u[xlhnf dsjfgk'/ ;] k|f/ De xf] g] hf / xf x} . O; sf b";/ f km] h n'lDagL d] + : yfkgf s/ g] sL of] hgf eL xd nf] uf] + g] agfO{ x} .) cfk sf] Sof nutf x} , lglZrt ;do s] cGb/ gof ;+ljwfg ag hfPuf <

– cjZo ag] uf, O;sf] h} ;] eL agfgf xL xf] uf . cfufdL df3 * ut] ts h} ;] eL ;du| g] kfnL s] lxt d] + O; go] ;+ljwfg sf] hf/ L s/ gf xL xf] uf . xd nf] u O; d] + cfzfjfbL x+} . lll

k':ts ;dLIff

;[li6 cfksL b[li6 xdf/ Lg] kfnL ;flxTo sL >Lj[l4 s/ g] d] + dlxnf

/ rgfsf/ f] + sf of] ubfg ;b} j : d/ 0fLo / x] uf . O;L l;nl;n] d] + gO{ kL9ÞL sL n] lvsf / Def kf} 8] n Ps ;zQm x: tfIf/ sL x} l;ot / vtL x} + . lxdflngL s] kf7s e"n] g xf] +u] , O;L : t+e d] + xdg] pgsL kxnL s[lt …afaf;Fusf ;Demgfx?Ú @)^( sf ;dLIffTds kl/ ro k|: t't lsof yf . ca pgsL ox b";/ L s[lt cfks] xfy d] + x} . O; t/ x ckgL / rgfwfld{stf sf] OGxf] +g] lg/ Gt/ tf k|bfg sL x} .

O; k': ts d] + Ogs] !$ lga+w ;+u|lxt x} +, hf] ;do–;do d] + cg] s kq–klqsfcf] + d] + k|sflzt xf] r's] x} + . ax't ;f/ ] lga+w tf] cGgk"0f{ / fi6«Lo b} lgs d] + …l;Ëf] ;+;f/ Ú : t+e cGtu{t k|sflzt xf] r's] x} + tf] b";/ ] efu sf] …ofqf ;+: d/ 0fÚ gfd lbof uof x} . ox ofqf ;+: d/ 0f kxnL af/ k': tsfsf/ d] + ;dflji6 x} . n] lvsf g] ckgL b";/ L s[lt xf] g] s] gft] O; s[lt sf gfds/ 0f P] ;f lsof x} . oflg ckgL snd sf b";/ f sbd . n] lvsf sf bfjf eL x} , gP cfg] jfn] + sf] ox k': ts k|] / 0ff k|bfg s/ ] uL . ofqf ;+: d/ 0f d] + rf/ lgaGw x} +, lhgd] agf/ ;, lx/ f] l;df, d'lQmgfy cf} / c3f{vfFrL s] ;+: d/ 0f ;d] 6] uP x} + . o] / f] rs, k7gLo Pj+ ;"rgfd"ns x} + .

n] lvsf ckg] 5fq hLjg d] + nDa] c;] { ts 5fq–/ fhgLlt ;] h'8ÞL / xL+ . gtLhtg Ogs] n] vf] + d] + …gf/ LÚ ;] ;DalGwt d'b\b] v'b–a–v'b p7t] xL x} + . n] lvsf s] ;sf/ fTds ghl/ of g] x/ lga+w sf] ;Gb] zd"ns tf] agfof xL x} , lkm/ eL ;/ ntf cf} / / f] rstf sxL+ eL vl08t gxL+ xf] tL . O; aft sL ujfxL d] + d} + s'5 lga+wf] + s] zLif{s k] z s/ tf x"F– g] kfndf dlxnf cfGbf] ng / o;sf pknlAwx?, ;dfj] zL : yfgLo lgsfo, xfd|f] g] tfn] dn] l;ofaf6 l;Sg] ls <, lg/ Gt/ ljBfyL{ aGg tof/ x'g] dflg; g} c;n lzIfs, ;zlQms/ 0fsf nflu lzIff, ljBfnodf dlxnf lzlIfsfsf] e"ldsf, afsf] d'v x] g] { lbg tyf r'gf} tLk"0f{ j} b] lzs / f] huf/ cflb . ;fdflhs cf} / kfl/ jfl/ s d'b\bf] + sf] eL O; lstfa d] + hfoh hux bL uO{ x} .

n] lvsf sL / fhgLlts ;r] tgf eL cg] s cfn] vf] + d] + d'vl/ t xf] tL lbvfO{ k8ÞtL x} . kxnf b";/ f lga+w k9Þt] xL ox aft : ki6 xf] hftL x} . ljifoj: t' sf] a8Þ] xL ;xh 9+u ;] k] z s/ gf ;/ n efiff sL t/ uf] + ;] vf; d'b\bf] sf] ;dembf/ L s] lsgf/ ] ts kx'Frf b] gf

n] lvsf sL

vfl;ot dfgL

hfPuL . hux–hux

;fGble{s lrqf] + s] k|of] u g]

k': ts sL / f] rstf a9ÞfO{ x} .

du/ xfF, Jofs/ 0fut eflifs

cz'l4of] + ;] kL5f 5'8Þfgf n] lvsf s] lnP nflhdL

nutf x} . lkm/ eL OgsL kxnL s[lt ;] b";/ L s[lt ckgL a] xt/ L tf] h¿/ k] z s/ tL x} . cfg] jfn] lbgf] + d] + xd OgsL snd ;] a] xt/ Lg sL pDdLb / v] + tf] u} / jflha gxL+ xf] uf .

–d's'Gb cfrfo{

s[ltM sndsf] bf] ;|f] kfOnf -snd

sf b";/ f sbd_/ rgfsf/ M / Def kf} 8] n

ljwfM lga+w ;+u|x±ofqf ;+: d/ 0f

k|sfzsM >L slj n] vgfy 1fjnL

: d[lt k|sfzg, z+s/ gu/ , ¿kGb] xL

k[i7 ;+VofM (!


O; k"/ L sfogft d] + ;a;] a8Þf ch"af OG;fg x} cf} / OG;fg sf] agfg] jfnf

tf] P] ;f hfb"u/ x} , lh;s] af/ ] d] + nf] u a8ÞL 5f] 6L x/ ;fOh sL aft] + agft] –atft] cfP x} + . lh; k/ osLg cfP, g cfP, ;'ggf cf} / uf} / s/ gf tf] k8Þtf xL x} . x} g <

aLt] s'5 lbgf] + s] b/ ldofg tLg Tof] xf/ ckg] tfdemfd s] ;fy cfP cf} / zfg ;] rn] eL uP . OQkmfs ;] o] tLgf] + Tof] xf/ u'h/ t] x'P d'em ;] eL ¿a¿ x'P y] . xf] uof bf] –bf] xfy Û

kxnL d'7e] 8Þ tf] bzx/ ] ;] x'O{ . d} + 7x/ f ufGwLjfbL z'4 zfsfxf/ L Ps cbb gd"gf . bzx/ ] s] bf} / fg nfvf] + a] h'jfg hfgj/ f] + sL s'jf{gL bL hftL x} . v"g sL glbofF axtL x} + . as/ ] , e} +;] , e] 8, sa"t/ , d'u{] , ;af] + sf sTn] cfd xf] tf x} , bzx/ ] s] O: tsafn d] + . ox bzx/ f / fIf; sL t/ x ;a 3f] +6 hftf x} , lag 8sf/ ] . h} ;] nf] u l/ Zjt sf] 3f] +6 hft] x} + . c+u"7f lbvf b] t] x} + . du/ xfF, seL–sef/ s'5 sRr] lvnf8ÞL clVtof/ s] xTy] eL r9Þ hft] x} + . a] rf/ ] === . vft] ;do s'5 eL gxL+ ;f] rt] , k/ krf gxL+ kft] .

d} +g] bzx/ ] sf] ntf8Þf x/ ;fn t'd nfvf] + hfgj/ f] + sf] vf hft] xf] , kL hft] xf] – lkm/ eL t'Dxf/ f k] 6 gxL+ e/ tf < d'Fx p7fP rn] cft] xf] x/ ;fn Û e'Sv8Þ sxL+ s] ÛÛ t'Dx] v'z s/ g] s] lnP nf] u gP–gP sk8Þ] v/ Lbt] x} + . en] xL sh{ n] gf k8Þ] . bfjtf] + sf tf+tf nuf / xtf x} . vfg] lvnfg] sf bf} / lbg–/ ft rntf / xtf x} . h'P cf} / z/ fa d] + kfgL sL t/ x k} ;] axfP hft] x} + . t'd ha cft] xf] , tf] …x'bx'bÚ cf} / …lgnf] km/ Ú sL t/ x cft] xf] . lstg] xL s/ f] 8Þklt / f] 8klt ag hft] x} + . seL–seL tf] t'd …;'gfdLÚ ag hft] xf] . nf] u tjfx xf] hft] x} +, ha t'd cft] –hft] xf] . t'Dxf/ f gfd tf] …cfkmtÚ xf] gf rflxP yf . nf] u t'Dx] + bzx/ f Sof] + sxt] x} + <

d] / ] ;f/ ] cf/ f] kf] + sf] l;/ ] ;] vfl/ h s/ t] x'P bzx/ ] g] ;kmfO{ k] z sL– nf] u ckgL sdL sdhf] l/ ofF 5'kfg] s] lnP d'em k/ tf] xdt nuft] x} + . s} ;] j] z/ d xf] uP x} +, cfh s] nf] u . d} + ls;L ;] gxL+ sxtf– hfgj/ f] + sL s'jf{gL bf] . nf] uf] + sf] hfos] bf/ safa rflxP, uf] Zt s] nhLh e] / fO6L rflxP . cf} / O;s]

lnP a] h'jfg hfgj/ f] + sL a] / xd s'/ jfgL sf l7s/ f d] / ] ;/ k] kmf] 8Þt] x} + . dSsf/ sxL+ s] . Sof o] 7u l;km{ bzx/ ] d] + …gge] hÚ n] t] x} + < v] t vfP ubxf, df/ vfP hf] nfxf . of/ , bzx/ f d'km\t d] + abgfd xf] / xf x} . ;a kfun xf] uP x} + .

Otg] d] + Ps v"a;"/ t df] xt/ df sf] b] v s/ xd ;f/ ] lun] lzsj] e'nf s/ k"5 a} 7] – cfksL tf/ Lkm < v"a;"/ t df] xt/ df g] d'em] lem8Þs lbof– cfk j} ;] tf] a'h'u{ gh/ cft] xf] , zfob cfksL cfFv] sdhf] / x} + . ;f/ L b'lgof d'em] …bLkfjnLÚ s] gfd ;] hfgtL x} . Kof/ ;] nf] u d'em] …lbjfnLÚ eL sxt] x} + . k9Þ] –lnv] nf] u d'em] afOHht …nIdL k"hgÚ eL sx n] t] x} + . d'em] …/ f] zgL sf Tof] xf/ Ú eL sxt] x} + .

d} +g] sxf, c/ ] tf] cfk sf] pNn" k/ ;jf/ xf] s/ cfgf rflxP yf . kf+j–k} bn Sof] + e6s / xL x} + < cfh sL gsnL b'lgofF d] + ;snL h] j/ f] + ;] nbL–kmbL 3"d / xL x} + . 8/ gxL+ nutf < nf] u tf] gsnL h] j/ kxg s/ eL 3"dg] d] + 8/ t] x} + . cfk xf] ls ==== Û cfk sf] ktf gxL+, g] kfn d] + sfg"g c+wf, u+"uf cf} / ax/ f xf] uof x} <

h] j/ f] + s] …zf] ?dÚ agL x'O{ df] xt/ df g] km/ dfof– c/ ] cf] csn s] cGw] Û b'lgof d] + lhtg] bf} ntd+b x} +, ;f/ ] s] ;f/ ] pNn" x} cf} / zfg ;] d} + pg k/ ;jf/ L s/ tL x"F . d} + t'Dx] + kfFj–k} bn gh/ cf / xL x"F < ;f/ L b'lgof d] / ] sbdf] + k/ s'jf{g xf] g] s] lnP t} of/ x} . ls; cefuf sf] / fd gf efj] < bf} nt ls;] gxL+ rflxP < d] / L gh/ ] Ogfot s] lnP ;f/ L b'lgofF s'ltof sL t/ x b"d lxnft] / xtL x} .

d} +g] , sxf, O;LlnP zfob nf] u lbjfnL s] axfg] ?kof] + d] + cfu nuft] x} + . k6fv] , km'nem8ÞL, cgf/ bfgf P] ;] g hfg] lstg] ;fdfg a] r] cf} / v/ Lb] hft] x} + . x/ ;fn nfvf] + s/ f] 8Þf] s] k6fv] k'ln; hAt s/ tL x} cf} / k6fvf] + sf] ckg] ;Llgo/ ckm;/ f] + s] kf; r'ks] ;] kx'FrftL x} . s'5 ckg] aRrf] + s] lnP eL / v n] tL x} . k} ;] d] + cfu nuf s/ nIdL sL k"hf s/ t] x} + .

r'krfk nIdL hL d': s/ f / xL yL . Ow/ d] / L asas hf/ L yL– a8Þ] xL tfHh'j sL aft x} . x] dft] Û xd lxGb" nf] u u0f] z hL sL k"hf s/ t] x} +, nIdL dfF s] r/ 0ff] + sL w"n cyf{t\ wg

ldn hfP P] ;L sf] lzz s/ t] x} + . h'uf8 a} 7ft] x} + . lkm/ eL ljZj d] + xd xL ;a ;] sdhf] / cf} / lgw{g xf] t] x} + . cf} / d'Nsf] + d] + gf sf] O{ u0f] z hL sf] n8\8" lvnftf x} cf} / gf sf] O{ nIdL hL d] / ] k/ ;jf/ xf] +, P] ;f ;f] r s/ pNn" agt] x} + . j} ;] gfl: ts nf] u xL cfh s] / f] h a8Þ] dh] d] + x} + . s'j] / s] ;dfg ;DkGg x} + . u0f] z hL sf gfd ts lh;g] seL gxL+ ;'gf, j] xd;] ax't Hofbf ;'/ lIft cf} / ;'vL x} + . o] s} ;f uf] / vwGwf x} dft] < h/ f d'em] ;demfcf] uL eL x] ljZj sL wg–bf} nt sL b] jL Û dft] Û d] / L ;dem d] + tf] s'5 gxL+ cft] Û

eb| dlxnf g] ckgL eb|tf lbvft] x'P sxf, x] gfbfg j[4 afns . t'Dxf/ L cSn sf] h+u nu uO{ x} . l;km{ dSvg nufg] ;] s'5 gxL+ xf] tf . klZrdL b] z jfn] av"aL hfgt] x} +– …js{ Oh jlz{kÚ cyf{t\ sd{ xL wd{ x} + . du/ cf} +wL vf] k8L jfn] lxGb" nf] u sd{ s/ g] sf] zd{ sL gh/ ;] b] vt] x} + . nIdL sL ;jf/ L pNn" sL x} , n] lsg nIdL : jo+ tf] pNn" gxL+ xf] tL . jx ;a ;demtL x} + . uLtf sf] tf] t] sL t/ x / 6 n] t] x} +, n] lsg sd{ sf dxŒj gxL+ ;demt] . tf] nIdL hL : k] zn bof lbvf s/ sfd rf] / f] + sL emf] nL s} ;] e/ b] uL < d] / L aft k/ osLg g cfP tf] 57L dftf ;] k"5 nf] . b] vf] j] Ow/ xL cf / xL x} + . kljqtf sL ;fIft\ d"lt{ x} +, cfhsn nf] uf] + d] + 5f uO{ x} + .

d} +g] 57L dftf sf] ;fi6f+u b08jt\ lsof cf} / k"5f– dfF t'd tf] ckg] ;f/ ] eQmf] + sf] d'Fxdf+uL rLh b] tL xf] g < dfF hf] xf] === Ú a] xb zfnLg dlxnf 57L dftf g] uDeL/ tfk"j{s sxf– jT; . sd{ xL ;a ;] anjfg xf] tf x} . sd{ s] kmn t'Dx] cjZo ldn] +u] . ch'{g ckg] wd{ cyjf ckg] : jfefljs sd{ ;] efu / xf yf . eujfg g] p;] sfg ks8Þ s/ o'4 d] + nufof . wd{ o'4 s] afb xL tf] kf08jf] + sf] xl: tgfk'/ sf / fHo ldnf . ;a ckgf st{Jo kfng s/ g] nu hfP+ tf] ;f/ L b'lgofF v'zxfn xf] hfPuL . d] / L k"hf l;km{ ;hfj6 s/ g] , t8Þs–e8Þs lbvfg] ;] ;DkGg gxL+ xf] tL .

d} +g] d: sf nufof– dft] Û t] / ] k|;fb 7] s'jf tf] xd eL vft] . lkm/ eL t] / f s[kfk|;fb xd Sof] + gxL+ kft] < 57L dftf g] d] / f sfg ks8Þ s/ sxf– o" g‘f6L Jjf‘o Û dfF ;] dhfs s/ t] xf] Û lll

d's'Gb cfrfo{

t] j/ Tof] xf/ f] + s] Ûu0f] z hL sf gfd ts lh;g] seL gxL+ ;'gf, j] xd;] ax't Hofbf ;'/ lIft cf} / ;'vL x} + . o] s} ;f uf] / vwGwf x} dft] <

Jo+Uo


cWofTd

xd d] + ;] sO{ nf] u ;bf c;To af] nt] / xt] x} + . O;s] kL5] d"n

sf/ 0f Ps k|sf/ sf eo xf] tf x} , hf] xdf/ ] dg d] + 3/ lsof xf] tf x} . ;r af] ng] d] + xd 8/ t] x} + . 3/ d] +, cf‘lkm; d] +, / f: t] d] +, 8fS6/ s] oxfF cS;/ xd em"7 af] n hft] x} + tyf P] ;f s/ s] xd dg xL dg k|;Gg eL xf] t] x} + . P] ;f nutf x} ls em"7 af] n s/ d} +g] ckgf ef/ L af] em xNsf s/ lnof . cS;/ em"7 af] ng] d] + dhf cftf x} cf} / seL–seL tf] P] ;f eL xf] tf x} ls xd] + nutf x} ls em"7 af] ns/ d} g] ax't a8Þf d} bfg df/ lnof . n] lsg ;r k"5f hfP tf] ox xdf/ f ef/ L e|d x} . cS;/ xd ;a e|d d] + hLt] x} + . ;r Sof x} < em"7 Sof x} < wd{ Sof x} < cwd{ Sof x} < sd{ Sof x} < csd{ Sof x} < ox ;a xd hfgt] xL gxL+ . hLjg af] em ag uof x} , lh;] n] s/ xd O;] 9f] g] s] lnP dha"/ x} + .

hLjg d] + ;'v–zflGt s] ;f] kfg sxfF cf} / ls; hux x} + < O;sL eL hfgsf/ L xd] + gxL+ xf] tL . cfh xdf/ f hLjg kfZrfTo ;+: s[lt ;] k"/ L t/ x k|efljt x} . xd o] g–s] g k|sf/ ] 0f clws ;] clws kb k|lti7f, wg bf} nt kfg] sL k|Tofzf d] + hL / x] x} + . ;'v, zflGt sf dfu{ sxfF x} tyf sf} g ;f x} < O;] hfgg] sL k'm/ ;t eL gxL+ . s] jn em"7 sf ;xf/ f n] s/ ldYof cf8Da/ s] ;fy lhP hf / x] x} + xd . xd] + kfk–k'0o sL eL hfgsf/ L gxL+ x} . k9Þ–lnvs/ pmFrL–pmFrL l8u|L k|fKt s/ n] g] s] afb eL dfgjtf sL ;] jf s/ gf gxL+ cftf . ox eL ktf gxL+ ls dg'io s] sf} g–sf} g ;] st{Jo x} + < ;jfn lhtgf c;fg x} p;sf pQ/ ptgf xL sl7g x} , xd ckg] wd{ cf} / ;+: s[lt sf] eL e"nf a} 7] x} . wd{ sxtf x} – …;bf ;r af] nf] .Ú em"7 sf ;xf/ f dt nf] , Sof] +ls em"7 sf ;xf/ f ;b} j sfo/ nf] u lnof s/ t] x} + . hf] sdhf] / cf} / sfdrf] / xf] tf x} , jxL

em"7 af] ntf x} . lh;] ckg] lg0f{o of ckg] cfTd–ljZjf; k/ e/ f] ;f gxL+, jx ;b} j b";/ f] + s] e/ f] ;] lhPuf cf} / em"7 af] ng] d] + xL ckgL enfO{ ;dem] uf . j: t'tM ox Ps k|sf/ sf rfl/ lqs cwMktg x} , lh;s] ;Gbe{ d] + xd] + ;f] rgf tyf ljrf/ s/ gf rflxP ls xdf/ ] st{Jo Sof x} + < xd ;r af] n Sof] + gxL+ ;st] < xd eLt/ ;] Sof] + sdhf] / ag] a} 7] x} < xd ls; ;] Otgf eo vft] x} + < sf} g–;L c;kmntf xdf/ ] kf; bf} 8ÞL rnL cf / xL x} < em"7 af] ng] s] jQm xd] + ;f] rgf–ljrf/ s/ gf rflxP ls xd ls;L ;] sdhf] / gxL+ x} + . hf] eL af] n] +u] , ;r af] n] +u] . dg d] + ha ox efj hfu] uf, ta ;r aft] + : jod] j lgsng] nu+] uL . xdf/ ] eLt/ sf 8/ of eo sk"/ sL efFlt zL3| p8Þ hfPuf . ;r s] w/ ftn k/ sxL uO{ aft g s] jn l6sfpm xf] tL x} , alNs xdf/ ] dg, z/ L/ tyf cfTdf sf] : j: y, kljq cf} / dha"t agftL x} , kmntM dfgl;s : jR5tf km} ng]

nu] uL . xd ckg] hLjg d] + eo gfds zq' sf] ;bf s] lnP lgisfl;t s/ 8Þfn] +u] . ;r af] ng] ;] ldqf] + of k8Þf] l;of] + sf ljZjf; ;b} j agf / xtf x} cf} / xdf/ ] ;f/ ] sfd lglj{£g ;DkGg xf] t] hft] x} +, O; t/ x hLjg d] + ;xL t/ Ls] ;] ljsf; ;Dej xf] ;s] uf tyf xdf/ L rfl/ qs tyf dfgl;s zlQm sf kl/ isf/ xf] uf, teL jx z/ L/ dfgj hflt s] lnP k|] / 0ff sf sfd s/ g] jfnf ag] uf .

ox lgod x} ls hf] dg'io lh; u'0f sf] >4f s] ;fy ckgftf x} , p;sf : jefj eL j} ;f xL xf] hftf x} . olb xd hLjg d] + >4f Pj+ k"/ L lgi7f s] ;fy ;r af] ng] sf cEof; agf n] + tf] s'5 xL ;do d] + lglZrt xL xd ;] ;To sL k|lti7f xf] hfPuL, O; ;To ;] xL ljho xf] tL x} . ldYofjfbL ;bf xL k/ fho sf] k|fKt xf] tf x} –

;Tod] j holt, gfg[td\ctM …;To+ a|"oft\ lk|o+ a|"oft\Ú s] l;4fGt

sf] lge{otf s] ;fy ckgfgf rflxP . lll

/jLGb|f emf ‘z+s/’

;r af] ng] d] + lxrs] + gxL+

ox lgod x} ls hf] dg'io lh; u'0f sf] >4f s] ;fy ckgftf x} , p;sf : jefj eL j} ;f xL xf] hftf x} . olb xd hLjg d] + >4f Pj+ k"/ L lgi7f s] ;fy ;r af] ng] sf cEof; agf n] + tf] s'5 xL ;do d] + lglZrt xL xd ;] ;To sL k|lti7f xf] hfPuL, O; ;To ;] xL ljho xf] tL x} .

wg'iff lhnf k|zf;g sfof{no d] + ;"rLs[t >L dfg; tyf af] nad kl/ jf/ åf/ f @)&! >fj0f ;] k|To] s dfx Ps wfld{s sfo{qmd sf cfof] hg xf] t] cf / xf x} . tbg';f/ >fj0f d] + wg'iff uu'+nL d] + lbg] z ld> s] 3/ efb| d] + hgkf–$ / fh s'df/ emf s] 3/ cflZjg d] + / fdf0fo d] + jl0f{t ef/ t laxf/ d] + cjl: yt clxNof : yfg d] + >L xg'dfg c/ fwgf eJotf s] ;fy ;DkGg lsof uof . tbg';f/ sflQs @@ ut] lhk|sf wg'iff s] sDkfpG8 d] cjl: yt >L xg'dfg dlGb/ d] + eJo c/ fwgf sfo{qmd ;DkGgf x'cf . O;L k|sf/ )&! dfu{ dlxgf d] + sf7df8" l: yt >L kz'kltgfy s] k|fË0f d] + nfv lzj kfly{j k"hg eJotf s] ;fy xf] g] hf / xf x} . ctM : yfgLo nf] uf] + sf] pQm lzj kfly{j k"hg d] + >4fk"j{s clwstd ;+Vof d] + ;xefuL xf] g] s] lnP cfdlGqt lsof hftf x} .

nng 7fs'/ -cWoIf_>L dfg; tyf af] nd kl/ jf/

hgsk'/ wfd–$, wg'iff

xflb{s cfdGq0f ÛÛÛ


sxfgL

/ ft s] ls; ;do o] tf] ktf gxL+ k/ Ps r"xf kfgL s] afN6L d] +

lu/ s/ d/ uof yf . 5kfs sL cfjfh eL gxL+ cfO{ . kfgL ;fOn] G6 lsn/ ag uof yf . kfgL 9+s s/ / vgf rflxP yf . k|rf/ d] + eL oxL sxt] x} + cyf{t : jf: Yo s] lnP eL kfgL 9+sgf rflxP . kfgL 9+sgf rflxP o] tf] ;xL x} k/ ;jfn o] x} ls lh; gn d] + kfgL g cftf xf] p;] kfgL s} ;] lgsfnf hfo cf} / ls; at{g sf] 9+sf hfo . gn x} sg] Szg eL x} k/ kfgL gxL+ x} . xf] ;stf x} ;Ktfx d] + sxL+ Ps of bf] af/ kfgL cftf eL xf] k/ p;s] oxfF kfgL cfP sfkmL ;do u'h/ r'sf x} . gn ;] kfgL j} ;] xL ufoa xf] uof x} lh; t/ x gf] 6 k/ ;] / fhf sL t: jL/ . O;lnP jf] ;eL afx/ ;fj{hlgs gn d] + at{g nfOg nuf s/ kfgL e/ f s/ t] x} + .

kfgL gxL+ cftf c} l;km{ o] aft gxL+ x} .cfu] rns/ tf] cf} / eL si6s/ ;do cfg] jfnf x} . kfgL s] ;fy xL nf] 8;] l8+u sL eL ;d: of x} . lahnL kfgL seL cfPuf k/ k|ToIf d] + ox ;do cToGt hl6n cf} / si6s/ x} . eljio s] lnP kfgL Ps sfNklgs j: t' ag ;stf x} . ox eljio sL aft x} . ctLt eL sf] O{ vf; cR5f gxL+ / xf x} . / fhgLlt g] hf] ;kgf lbvfof yf jx eL cfh / fhf s] t: jl/ sL t/ x xL ufoa xf] r'sf x} . cfzf cf} / ;kgf] + s] kL5] bf} 8Þg] sL pgsL cfbt xf] uO{ x} .

sxg] sf] tf] o] b] z kfgL sf wgL b] z x} . p;d] + eL k] o hn sf . cfg] jfn] ;do d] + o'4, : qL, e" efu of ;Qf lj: tf/ s] lnP g xf] s/ k] o hn s] lnP xf] uf, P] ;f xd ;eL uj{ s] ;fy sxt] x} + . uj{ O; cy{ d] + ls xdf/ ] kf; kfgL sf ch: q ;|f] t x} , tf] o'4 xf] of zflGt xd tf] k] o hn s] seL g vTd xf] g] jfn] ch: q ;|f] t s] wgL x} + . afsL n8Þt] / x] + xd] + Sof . xd tf] xfy d] + kfgL sf af] tn n] s/ o] b[Zo b] v] +u] , cf] nlDks s] v] n sL t/ x . ceL tf] v] n oxL+ xf] / xf x} . vfnL ufu/ L cf} / aflN6ofF .

lsGt' o] r"xf < r"xf kfgL s] pmk/ k|Zg lrGx ag s/ t} / / xf x} . ox Ps afN6L kfgL pgnf] uf] + g] sfkmL ;+3if{ s/ s] sn / ft e/ f yf . k"/ ] kl/ jf/ s] ;b: of] + g] af/ L af/ L nfOg d] + nus/ kfgL e/ g] d] + ckgf of] ubfg lbof yf . kfgL s] nDa] nfOg d] + ckgf gDa/ cfgf tf] d'lZsn x} xL seL seL tf] nfOg cft] cft] kfgL

cfgf xL aGb xf] hftf x} cf} / gn s] cfu] / vf at{g sfsfs'n sL t/ x d'Fx vf] n] / x hftf x} . ls;g] ls; t/ x lstgf kfgL e/ f ox axfb'/ L sL aft x} cf} / O;sL rrf{ p;s] hdft d] + xf] tL x} . hf] kfgL gxL+ e/ kfof jx dxTjxLg xf] hftf x} . Ps s6f] / f kfgL eL sf] O{ gxL+ b] gf rfxtf x} . kfgL afF6 s/ wd{ sdfg] jfnL plSt ca 708L xf] uO{ x} .

p;g] ;/ sf] em6sf . w/ tL d] + tLg lx: ;f kfgL x} , Ps lx: ;f e" efu . xdf/ f b] z lxd;|f] t s] k] o hn ;] kl/ k"0f{ x} cflb . lsGt' cfg] jfnf ;do d] + dfgj d"q sf] l/ ;fOsn s/ s] kLgf k8Þ] uf ls Sof < k/ Gt' d'q eL s} ;] ag] uf lgh{nLo dg'io d] + . p;g] lbdfu sL o] ;f/ L aftf] + sf] vfl/ h lsof cf} / ;f] rf o] ;f/ L aft+] xf] tL / xtL x} . lsGt' ts{ cf>oljxLgf] + sL t/ x em'08 sf em'08 cf / xf yf . Ps ts{ g] sxf ceL sL ;d: of o] x} ls r"xf kfgL s] afN6L d] + s} ;] 8"a s/ d/ f < r"xf cf} / sxL+ d/ tf tf] 7Ls yf ca kfgL / v'F of km] s"F o] ;d: of x} . b";/ f ts{ yf ;al: 6Ro"6 d] + ldg/ n jf6/ . k/ / f] h tf] ldg/ n jf6/ v/ Lb s/ kL gxL+ ;stf . ldg/ n jf6/ eL lstgf z'4 x} O;sL sf] O{ ufO/ ] G6L gxL+ x} . ;/ sf/ sL xL sf] O{ ufO/ ] G6L gxL+ x} sG6«f] n sf} g s/ ] uf < ;asL ckgL xL dhL{ x} . hf] rfxf] ;f] s/ f] . tf] , l;km{ ldg/ njf6/ z'4 pRrf/ 0f s/ g] ;] tf] gxL+ xf] hfPuf, v/ Lbg] s] lnP k} ;f eL tf] rflxP . kfgL kLg] s] lnP cd] l/ sf tf] hf gxL+ ;st] . cd] l/ sf p;sL r] tgf d] + s'5 O; t/ x 3';f x} ls p;] nutf x} ls jxfF ;a z'4 ldntf x} . ;'/ Iff eL x} . Ps dfgj s] kL5] b; k'ln; . jfx Sof aft x} . xdf/ ] oxfF tf] 36gf : yn k/ kx'Frg] s] lnP k'ln; kf] zfs kxgt] kxgt] lbg latf b] t] x} + . s'5 lbg kxn] u'Ktf+u d] + lk: tf} n 5'kfs/ n] uP y] , cZnLntf s] lnxfh ;] jxfF ts

k'ln; hfFr gxL+ s/ kfO{ . h] n s] eLt/ xL xTof gxL+ xf] hftL x} <

tf] Sof o] r"xf eL ls;L u'Kt / f: t] ;] 3/ d] + cfof xf] uf . r"xf] + sL eL c/ fhstf x} . gxL+, o] eL kfgL sL vf] h d] + lgsn] xf] +u] . Kof; ;] k/ ] zfg xf] s/ k"/ ] afN6L sf kfgL kLg] s] nf] e ;] afN6L d] + s"b uof xf] uf . k/ Gt' O;] ktf gxL+ xf] uf ls o] Ps afN6L kfgL xdf/ ] kl/ jf/ s] lnP lstgf dxTj / vtf yf . O;sf eL ckgf kl/ jf/ xf] uf . jf] ;eL O;] vf] h / x] xf] +u] , 3/ ;] lgsn] ckx/ 0f xf] uP JolSt sL t/ x . o] r"xf eL nf} 6 gxL+ kfof, sxt] x} + ls r"xf] + sL hflt sL k|hgg Ifdtf cToGt tLj| xf] tL x} . dg'io eL j} ;f xL x} . xd bf] xdf/ ] bf] . P] ;f k|rf/ k|;f/ s] afb eL sf7dfG8" d] + kf] k'n] zg P] ;L a9L ls Ps nL6/ kLg] sf kfgL eL ldngf aGb xf] uof .

d/ f] . O; r"xf sf] eL d/ g] s] lnP cf} / sf] O{ hux gxL+ ldnL . O; kfgL ;] e/ ] afN6L d] + Sof] + d/ gf k8Þf . r"xf sf] n] s/ p;s] dg d] + sf] O{ syfTds ;f] r gxL+ pe/ kf / xL yL Sof] +ls p;g] nueu aL; nL6/ kfgL a/ afb s/ lbof yf . syf sflNklgs xf] ;stL yL, / f] rs xf] ;stL yL lsGt' ceL ox d[t r"xf oyfy{ d] + p;sf d"8 lauf8Þ / xf yf . d"8 gxL+ of/ kfgL, jx : jo+ ;] af] nf . p;s] dg d] + p; r"x] s] lnP crfgs 3[0ff pe/ cfO{ . ls; ;do d/ f xf] uf < afN6L d] + p;sL O; t/ x df} t xf] uO{ dg lsof p;sL cfTdf sL lr/ zf+lt sL sfdgf s/ t] x'P p;sL k"F5 ks8Þ s/ p;] afx/ lgsfn b"F . cflv/ d[To' xL ;To x} , d/ ] x'P z] / sL d"F5 lstgL pvf8"F . k/ Gt' p;] ceL d/ ] x'P r"x] s] k|lt 3[0ff xL xf] / xL yL .

p;g] ckg] dg d] + lg0f{o s/ lnof yf ls k"/ f kfgL jx afx/ km] +s b] uf . p;L s] ;fy r"xf eL ax hfPuf cf} / p;] ;b\ult ldn hfPuL . 3/ d] + ceL sf] O{ cf} / gxL+ huf yf . ;'ax ;'ax vfnL k] 6 z'4 kfgL kLg] sL p;sL cfbt yL . z'4 s] kL5] p;g] Ps a8Þf k|ZglrGx h8Þf . zx/ d] + Sof z'4 x} < z'4 kfgL kLg] sf p;sf kl/ jf/ xd] zf lj/ f] w s/ tf / xf x} . vfgf vfg] s] afb Ps lunf; kfgL kLgf tf] cfjZos x} . kfgL kLgf sd s/ f] , ljB't arfcf] gf/ f sL t/ x, ljB't arfg] sf cy{ x} ljB't pTkfbg . oBlk k"/ f b] z nf] 8;] l8+u ;] q: t x} , xd] zf ;] u/ LaL cf} /

c3f] / L efpkGyL


sxfgL

cljsf; sL t/ x . lahnL gxL+ x} , hnfof eL gxL+ uof x} , pTkfbg a9Þf x} . lkm/ eL gf/ f x} ljB't arfcf] .

;'ax sf Ps lunf; kfgL jx ax't t[lKt s] ;fy kLtf x} . Ps a8Þ] lunf; d] + jx kfgL n] tf x} cf} / lagf ls;L cfjfh s] k"/ f kfgL kL hftf x} . O; t/ x rf] / L–rf] / L kfgL kLg] d] + Ps / f] df+r cf} ? ly|n sf cg'ej xf] tf x} Sof] +ls p;] nutf x} ls jx kl/ jf/ sL hfgsf/ L s] lagf Ps lunf; kfgL kLg] sL Ifdtf / vtf x} . hg ljb|f] x sf km} zg xL x} , z's| x} Ps lunf; kfgL s] lnP kl/ jf/ g] seL hgljb|f] x sL wdsL gxL+ bL x} .

hf] xf] ;d: of lkm/ eL a/ s/ f/ yL . r"xf 5f] 6f yf . 5f] 6f xf] g] ;] Sof d/ f tf] yf Ps afN6L d] +, ca jx r"xf yf of r"lxof ox ktf gxL+ . ca kfgL ls;L sfd sf gxL+ / xf . lsGt', p;g] Ps If0f s] lnP ckgL ;f] r k/ lj/ fd nufof . p;g] cvjf/ d] + k9Þf yf . unt aftf] + sf] o] cvjf/ jfn] Hofbf pw] 8Þt] x} + . b] z s] ls; g] tf g] lstgf vfof O;sf lx;fa jf] / vt] x} + . g] tf ;fkm ;'y/ f / xt] x} +, rnt] x} + kh] / f] d] +, ;/ sf/ L k] 6«f] n vr{ s/ t] x} +, k'ln; sL ;'ljwf n] t] x} +, w"n w'cfF ;] art] x} + lkm/ eL cvjf/ jfn] g hfg] Sof] + pgsL 5lj lauf8Þt] / xt] x} + .

va/ o] yL ls kfgL s] d'Vo ;|f] t k/

dfgj dn hdf x} . Sof ktf jx kfgL d] + eL ldnf xf] < k/ o] aft cvjf/ d] + gxL+ lnvL x} . kfgL tf] cvjf/ jfnf eL kLtf xf] uf . ckgL aft gxL+ sxgL x} . afudtL ca dndtL ag uO{ x} . ax't crDef x} . p;] P] ;f nutf x} . / ] i6«f d] + vfgf : jflbi6 agfg] s] lnP j} ;] xL kfgL sf tf] k|of] u gxL+ xf] tf < dg'io xd] zf / ] l8d] 8 vfgf sL tnfz d] + / xtf x} . dxfgu/ Lo hLjg tf] P} ;] xL af;L xf] uof x} , O;] b"/ s/ g] s] lnP v6\6f, dL7f, tLvf, d;fn] bf/ tf] vfgf xL k8Þf .

kfgL s] ;|f] t k/ xL P] ;f x} tf] z'4 kfgL sxfF x} < lsGt' o] r"xf < jx tf] a] sf/ O; ts{ d] + kmF;f x} . r"xf xf] of s'Qf kfgL s] ;|f] t d] + jf] ;a eL tf] ;8Þ un s/ cftf xf] uf tf] O; afN6L d] + nfv nfv r"xf eL 8"a s/ cu/ d/ uof tf] Sof x'cf < dxfgu/ sf dg'io c3f] / L xf] uof x} . ls; aft sL 3[0ff < O; aft d] + bd x} . ts{ sf] dfgt] x'P jx wL/ ] ;] lgMzAb r"x] sL k"F5 sf] ks8Þtf x} , p;g] r"x] sf] tf] gxL+ lgrf] 8Þf k/ p;] yf] 8ÞL b] / n6sf s/ afN6L d] + 6ksftf / xf . k/ kL8Þs efjgf eL yL r"x] s] k|lt, nf] cf} / seL ls;L s] kfgL d] + 8"a d/ g] sL w[i6tf s/ f] u] < ox : jfefljs yf ls r"xf kfgL d] + xL 8"a s/ d/ f x} , O;lnP p;s] z/ L/ sf kfgL afN6L d] + xL 6ksgf rflxP .

p;] nuf ls r"x] sf] lgrf] 8Þ s/ eL kfgL lgsfn n"F . b"w d] + lu/ ] dSvL sf] lgrf] 8Þg] sL sxfjt p;] ofb cfO{ . cu/ P] ;f xf] ;stf x} tf] dSvL ;] tf] r"xf a8Þf xL x} hf] afN6L d] + 8"a s/ d/ f x} . lgrf] 8Þg] k/ sd ;] sd cfwf lunf; kfgL tf] h¿/ lgsn] uf . cfhsn tf] dxfgu/ c3f] l/ of] + sf c8\8f ag uof x} . c3f] / L .

p;g] r'krfk b/ jfhf vf] ns/ d/ ] x'P r"x] sf] afx/ lgsfnf . efUo sL aft yL ls b/ jfh] d] + sf] O{ r"F rfF sL cfjfh gxL+ xf] tL yL gxL+ tf] sf] O{ g sf] O{ hu xL hftf . lkm/ lstg] k|Zg xf] t] . r"x] sL k"F5 eLuL xf] g] s] sf/ 0f p;] : kz{ ;'v k|fKt xf] / xf yf . kfgL sf : kz{ ;'v . ls;L ub/ fP jIf : yn k/ xfy / vg] h} ;f . r"xf sf] km] +sg] hfg] ;] kxn] p;g] afN6L sf 9Ssg p7f s/ p;] 9s lbof . ls;L sf] ktf gxL+ rngf rflxP ls kfgL d] + r"xf d/ f yf . r"xf xL tf] 8"af yf sf] O{ s'Qf h} ;f a8Þf hfgj/ tf] gxL+ 8"af yf .

jx afN6L d] + 9Ssg nuf s/ cfZjf: t x'cf, r"xf s] d/ g] s] afb eL p;] P] ;f nuf ls h} ;] ca kfgL kljq xf] uof x} . hf] eL xf] kfgL sf] 9Fs s/ / vgf rflxP . : jf: Yo s] lnP cR5L aft x} . oBlk ca kfgL sf b";/ f afN6L sa e/ g] sf] ldn] uf ox ktf gxL+ yf . lll

j} ;] tf] g] kfnL ;flxTo sL xf: oJo+Uo ljwf sf Oltxf; s'5 nDaf rf} 8f xL x} . cflbslj efg'eQm cfrfo{ ;] rnf cf / xf xf: o Jo+Uo sf l;nl;nf ca tf] ax't xL ljsl;t xf] r'sf x} . cfw'lgs o'u d] + cft] –cft] e} / j cof{n, s] zj/ fh lk+8fnL, Zofd uf] tfd] , afn d's'Gbb] j kf08] , af;'b] j zdf{ n'O{6] n xf] t] x'P] / fd s'df/ kf08] ts Ps cljlR5Gg k/ Dk/ f rnL cf / xL x} . gO{ kL9L d+] tf] xf: oJoU+o n] vsf] + sL nDaL stf/ x} . v} / =========.

O;L l;nl;n] d] + xf: oJoU+o sf] x/ fe/ f agfP / vg] s] lnP ut #& jiff] { ;] …cfn"–kf6L{Ú xf: oJoU+o slj ;Dd] ng s/ t] cf / xL x} . lh; d] + b] z s] cg] s efuf] + ;] slj l;/ st s/ t] x} + cf} / ckgL / rgfcf] + ;] dfxf} n sf] xf: oJo+Uodo agft] x} + .

O;L …cfn"–kf6L{Ú d] k"j{ k|wfgdGqL Pj+ ;flxTosf/ nf] s] Gb| axfb'/ rGb cf} / / fh] Zj/ b] jsf] 6f eL ;l/ s xf] r's] x+} . s/ La ;f}

lstfaf] + s] / rlotf k"j{k|Wofks / fd s'df/ kf08] , : j= af;'b] j zdf{ n"O{6] n, : j= bftf/ fd zdf{ cflb k|d'v n] vsf] + g] O;sL z'?cft sL yL . ;j{>L / f] rs l3ld/ ] , anb] j dhu} +of, >Lw/ vgfn, ;"o{axfb'/ lkjf, Zofd uf] tfd] , z} n] Gb| l;dv8f, hob] j e§/ fO{, lz/ f] dl0f bjf8L, od ;'j] bL, af;'b] j u'/ fufO+{, g/ ] Gb|/ fh kf} 8] n, d's'Gb cfrfo{, czf] sdfg l;+x, pHHjn s'Gbg Hofk", sf] dn cf] nL, lji0f'nfn >] i7, df] xg Zofd dxh{g, j;Gt ;fksf] 6f, 6] saL/ d'lvof, gj/ fh sfsL{, b'uf{ a/ fn-jfT: ofog_, lht' g] kfn, bLks / fh lu/ L, bLkf >L lg/ f} nf, o'j/ fh gofF3/ ] , 1fg' jfs/ kf} 8] n, d"n ltx"g, ;'dL nf] xgL, ;'idf dfgGw/ , wg'iff l;+x, ljgf] b ltldlN;gf cf} / ls/ 0f s] =;L= cflb slj sjloqL g] ckgL ;xefuLtf ;] O; kf6L{ sL ul/ df a9foL x} .

xfn+fls g] kfnL ;flxlTos If] q d] + cf} / cg] s ;+3 ;+: yfP+ lqmofzLn x} + lkm/ eL …

cfn"–kf6L{Ú sL ckgL vf; ljz] iftfP+ x} + . O; kf6L{ d] + kb sL sf] O{ n8fO{ gxL+ x} . sfo{qmd d] + cfn" s] ag] cg] s Jo+hg sljof] + sf] k8Þf] ;f hftf x} . z'?cftL lbgf] + d] tf] !& k|sf/ s] cfn" s] ef] Ho kbfy{ k|: t't lsP uP y] . n] lsg dx+ufO{ s] rnt] ox ;+Vof 36s/ ^ ts cf uO{ x} . slju0f cfn" sL vL/ vft] x'P km"n] gxL+ ;dft] . zfob cfn" sf vL/ sf Ohfb O;L cfn" kf6L{ g] lsof x} .

O; cfn" kf6L{ g] / ] l8of] , l6eL cf} / l;g] snfsf/ f] + sL eL ;xefuLtf / xtL cfO x} . tf] b";/ L cf] / JoU+o gfl6sf, k|x;g, nf] suLt, d"sclego, Sofl/ s] r/ cflb ljwfcf] + sL eL / f] rs k|: t'lt xf] tL / xtL x} . cfg] jfn] lbgf] + d] + cfn" kf6L{ xf: o JoU+o s] gP gP kfbfg k/ r9Þt] hfg] sL pDdLb hflx/ s/ t] x} +, g] kfnL xf: o JoU+o sf] cGt/ f{i6«Lo : t/ d] + kl/ lrt s/ fg] jfn] k|fWofks / fd s'df/ kf08] . lll

xf: oJo+Uo sf k/ rd nx/ fg] jfnL cfn"–kf6L{


ljgo bLlIft

o'F af9Þ tf] lk5n] !! jiff] {+ ;] / fKtL gbL d] + cftL x} , p;;] kxn] eL cftL

yL n] lsg kms{ Otgf x} , ls ta l;km{ gbL d] + ;Lldt / xtL yL, cfh gbL sL af9Þ s] sf/ 0f ;/ sf/ sf] eL bafj cf} / k|efj sf lbg b] vgf k8Þ / xf x} .

af9Þ k|efljt s] gfd k/ ax'tf+] s] hLjg d] + axf/ cftL x} , ls;L k|sf/ sf kmfobf gxL+ xf] tf tf] jx x} k'ln; . ufla; sd{rf/ L ;] n] s/ cg'bfg s/ g] jfn] lgsfo ts x/ df] 8Þ k/ gh/ xf] tf x} ls sxL+ ;] s'5 / sd s} ;] k|fKt xf] , j} wflgs ¿k d] + ;/ sf/ tna b] tL x} n] lsg l;km{ jx sfkmL gxL+ x} .

>fj0f @( ut] lhn] d] + cfP af9 s] c;/ s] sf/ 0f k|efj hLjg k/ bf] lbvf xL ;fy xL ;a;] Hofbf k|efj cf} / hf] lvd jg h+un sf] em] ngf k8Þf . tTsfnLg lhnf clwsf/ L hLjg k|;fb jnL g] dfgjLo : jefj atfs/ d6] lxof uflj; s] ^% kl/ jf/ sf] : yfgLo u0fklt ;fd'bflos jg If] q d] + cf>o b] g] sL aft sL cf} / cfh d+h/ Otgf abn uof ls xhf/ f] + nf] u l;km{ 3/ xL gxL+ alNs jg d] + v] t eL agf / x] x} + .

;/ sf/ g] jg sf] ;d'bfo d] + x: tfGt/ 0f s/ jg ;'/ Iff sf Ps gfofa t/ Lsf tf] 9"+9f n] lsg sO{ huxf] + k/ jx sf/ u/ ;fljt gxL+ x'cf, lnxfhf ;fd'bflos jg sf hf] If] qkmn yf jx afFsL xL gxL+ arf alNs / fi6«Lo jg sf] ;fd'bflos g] ckgf cfwf/ l;nf agf lnof .

lhn] d] + kmQ] k'/ , ljgf} gf, a} hfk'/ , s';'d, u+ufk'/ , d6] lxof, g/ } gfk'/ h} ;] sO{ ufla; d] + ul7t ;fd'bflos jg p; If] q s] jg ljgfz s] d'Vo sf/ s ag] . af9 g] bh{gf] + ufjf] + d] + Iflt lsof, pg ufFj d] + eL kfgL kx'Frf hxfF nf] uf] + sf] pDdLb gxL+ yL . jhx jg ljgfz ;] n] s/ cj} w pTvgg ts xf] ;stf x} n] lsg jg d] + v] t agfgf uDeL/ ;d: of sf ;+s] t x} .

lhn] s] d6] lxof ufla; l: yt u0fklt ;fd'bflos jg If] q d] + lk5n] lbgf] + d] + @)) aL3] ;] Hofbf hdLg hf] ts/ : yfgLo nf] uf] + g] v] t agf lnof . / flq s] ;do d] + ;fd'bflos jg s] sf] iffWoIf 9f] 9] / f9, ;b: o / fdkm] / g

ofbj, e08f/ L ofbj nufot s] ;d"x g] 6] S6/ ;] h+unL hdLg k/ sAhf lsof .

u0fklt ;fd'bflos jg bf] lifof] + k/ sf/ jfxL s/ g] s] lnP a} 7s a'nfO{ cf} / lg0f{o k/ x: tfIf/ s/ g] s] lnP bafj 8fnf, n] lsg 9f] 9] / f9 s] ;dy{s s'5 ;b: of] + g] x: tfIf/ s/ g] OGsf/ s/ lbof lh;;] Ps aft to xf] uO{ sL 36gf s] kL5] / f9 sf xfy x} .

O; aft sL va/ ha dLl8of sf] nuL tf] p;g] dfxf] n d] + ;/ u/ dL a9fO{ cf} / lhnf jg sfof{no sL Ps 6Ld 36gf sL hfFr s/ g] d6] lxof kx'FrL ., lxdflngL ;] aftrLt d] + 6Ld s] Ps ;b: o g] atfof ls ;fd'bflos jg s] s'5 kbflwsfl/ of] + sL ;+nUgtf d] + jg sAhf cleofg ;+rfng x'cf x} , ;fd'bflos jg sf/ jfxL s/ g] d] + c;dy{ x} O;lnP cunf sbd ag sfof{no sf] p7fgf k8] Þuf .

lhnf ag sfof{no afFs] s] k|d'v hod+un k|;fb u'Ktf g] atfof ls lhn] !^@ ;fd'bflos ag d] + ;] s/ La cfwf r'/ ] cf} / lgs'Gh d] + k8Þ / x] x} + . af9Þ sf axfgf agfs/ nf] u l;km{ jg

sL cf] / s] lGb|t x} +, ckgL hdLg ;'/ lIft : yfg k/ x} n] lsg jg sAhf s/ g] sL gLot xL ag uoL x} nf] uf] + sL, u'Ktf g] sxf xs s] Gb|: t/ eL k|of; hf/ L / v / x] x} + .

lstg] + ufFj x} + jg d] + <lhnf jg sfof{no s] cg';f/ af9Þ ;]

kxn] of af9Þ s] afb bh{g ;] Hofbf ufFj jg d] + sAhf lsP x'P x} + . kmQ] k'/ sf d] xdfgk'/ , s';'d, zf] gjiff{, s'b/ a] 6jf, u+ufk'/ , ef] hk'/ , eujfgk'/ , cf} / g] jfhL ufFj d'Vo ?k ;] jg d] + ckgf cf>o : yn agf r's] x} + .

/ fKtL gbL s] t6jtL{ ufFj xf] g] s] sf/ 0f Og d] + x/ a/ ;ft d] + af9Þ sf sx/ hf/ L / xtf x} . sO{ af/ t6aGw cf} / Joj: yfkg sL aft] + eL afx/ cfO{+ x} n] lsg ;/ sf/ pbf;Lg xf] g] s] sf/ 0f nf] uf] + sf] h+un s] cnfjf b";/ f df} sf gxL+ ldnf .

h+un d] + cf>o lnP x'P nf] uf] + sf] ;+ljwfg ;ef s] r'gfj s] bf} / fg eL sfkmL cfZjf;g ldnf, n] lsg jf] 6 b] g] s] afb hgtf sL x/ pDdLb k/ l;km{ kfgL lkm/ tf gh/ cfof .

lll

af9Þ sf axfgf, h+un k/ lgzfgf;/ sf/ g] jg sf] ;d'bfo d] + x: tfGt/ 0f s/ jg ;'/ Iff sf Ps gfofa t/ Lsf tf] 9"+9f n] lsg sO{ huxf] + k/ jx sf/ u/ ;fljt gxL+ x'cf, lnxfhf ;fd'bflos jg sf hf] If] qkmn yf jx afFsL xL gxL+ arf alNs / fi6«Lo jg sf] ;fd'bflos g] ckgf cfwf/ l;nf agf lnof .

g]kfnu+h l/kf]6{


k|fb]lzs

) cfk eL sO{ jiff] {+ ;] O;d] nu] x'o] x} + g kmf6s agf x} g Jojl: yt 9+u ;] kfgL kx'Fr kftf x} O;k/ cfksf Sof sxgf x} <

– d} + !)–!% jiff] {+ ;] O; d] xfy aF6f / xf x"F . ;fyL zDe' kf7s sf sfkmL ;xof] u / xtf x} . oxfF kmf6s s] ;fy gbL cf} / gx/ ;+sL{0f x} + lh;s] sf/ 0f x/ ;fn af9Þ sL l: ylt ag hftL x} . dxb} of kmf6s ;] c;do kfgL 5f] 8Þg] s] sf/ 0f lbSst sf ;fdgf s/ gf k8Þtf x} . O;lnP l;8Lcf] afFw k/ kmf6s ;a;] pkof] uL xf] uf . Sof] +ls O;d] + Jojl: yt rf/ f] t/ km gx/ ;'rf? eL x} . ha ls nf] rgf ufFj d] agg] jfn] kmf6s d+] gx/ sL ;d: of s] sf/ 0f ufFj s] nf] u xL lj/ f] w s/ / x] x} + . hf] sfkmL ux/ fO{ d] + x} lh;;] l;+rfO{ ax't sd nf] uf] sf] k|fKt xf] uf . O;LlnP g] kfn ef/ ts] lnP ;a;] pkof] uL ox kmf6s agafg] s] lnP g] kfn s] ;fy ef/ t s] k|wfg dGqL df] bLhL ;lxt ef/ tLo / fhb'tsf] eL O;s] dfWod;] hfgsf/ L b] gf rfxtf x"F ls cljnDa O;k/ kmf6s agfg] s] lnP ;xof] u s/ ] + . kmf6s s] lnP dxf] Q/ L jf8{ g+= & s] k"j{ cWoIf / fd s[t ofbj ls;fg dhb'/ kN6'

g] kfn s] dxf] Q/ L lhnf sf ;L8Lcf] af“wg] kfn ef/ t s] ;} s8f] uf“jf] + sL l;+rfO{ ;dfwfg

sxf hftf x} ls lh; b] z d+] ls;fg v'z jx b] z h¿/ v'zxfn xf] uf P] ;f xL %) jiff] { ;] dxf] Q/ L lhnf s] ;L8Lcf] afFw hf] e|d/ k'/ f k'n ;] blIf0f, cg} 7f ;g'v/ f ufFj ;] pQ/ k"/ a ljUxL gbL d] afFw afwf hftf x} . lh;sf kfgL cg} 7f, ;g'v/ f Pj+ slj/ ufdf lkk/ f s] gx/ dfu{ ;] xf] t] x'P dxf] Q/ L, d8} , km'nx§f, kl/ sf} nL, lkuf} gf, lkk/ f hn] Zj/ , ;f/ L, ;'Uuf,

k;f{kt} nL xf] t] x'P laxf/ / fHo -ef/ t_ s] rsgL, sf] l/ ofxL, r/ f} t, af;f] k§L afl;sL ljxf/ L b'uf{k§L xf] t] x'P] ;fx/ 3f6 d+] hfs/ lu/ tf x} lh;s] kfgL ;] csfn s] ;do l;rfO{+ sf d'Vo >f] t agf / xtf yf . n] lsg s'5 jif] f{+ ;] afl/ z sL jhx ;] kfgL s] Hofbf 7x/ fj s] sf/ 0f nueu k|To] s ;fn nfvf] + ?kof sf afFw kfgL s] ;fy sf6gf k8Þtf x} lh;;] uO{ ufFj d] af9Þ sL l: ylt ag hftf x} . hxfF l;rfO{ sL hux k/ / f] 8 ;8Þs sL a/ afbL s] ;fy km;n g's;fg xf] hftf x} . lh;;] ls;fg sfkmL gf/ fh / xt] x+} O;LlnP jif] f{+ ;] ;L8Lcf] afFw k/ kmf6s agfg] sL dfFu hf/ L x} . tf] O;L afFw sf] cf] nL ;L=8L=cf] = s] afFwg] ;] O;sf gfd ;L8Lcf] afFw k|l;4 x} ;fy xL O;L afFw s] ;xf/ ] dx] Gb| / fo ;f+;b ;] dGqL eL ag] y] n] lsg ceL ts g p; afFw k/ kmf6s agf x} cf} / g ;xL 9+u ;] kfgL ;eL hux kx'Fr / xf x} . O;L ;Gbe{ d+] dGqL / x] dx] Gb| / fo dxf] Q/ L uf=lj=;= s] k"j{ k|wfg k+r / fd z+s/ ofbj ;lxt lk5n] !@ jif] f{+ ;] ufFj s] ls;fg Pj+ uf=lj=;= s] ;xof] u ;] afFw afFWfg] d] ljz] if ;xof] u Pj+ ?lr / vg] jfn] ;g'v/ fs] ;fdflhs sfo{stf{ ;'lgn / fo ;lxt ljleGg ufFj ;] ;xof] u s/ g] afn] ;fdflhs ls;fg sfo{stf{cf] + ;] nL uO{ jftf{ sf c+z—

) cfk O; afFw sf] afFwg] s] ;fy ;fy kmf6s s] lnP Sof–Sof lsof <

– d} g] ckg] sfo{sfn d] + ;"o{ axfb'/ cf] nL l;=8L=cf] = s] ;xof] u ;] sO{ af/ afFw aFwjfP y] . s[lif dGqL aGfg] k/ dfGfgLo hn>f] t dGqL kz'klt zdz] / hj/ f sf] x] nLsfk6/ ;] l: ylt sf d'cfogf s/ fs/ p; ;do ! s/ f] 8Þ ?kP sf kmf6s agfg] s] lnP / sd kf; eL s/ fof yf ;fy xL kxnL af/ 8f] h/ ;] gx/ sf p/ fxL s/ fP y] . n] lsg r'gfj s] afb ;f+;b / fdrGb| ltjf/ L hLt] y] cf} / j] dg ;] ;xof] u gxL lsP lh;s] sf/ 0f kmf6s sf sfd n6s uof cf} / cfh ts kmf6s g ag ;sf .

–dx] Gb| / fo, k"j{ ;f+;b

cfks] k~rfot ;] h'8Þf x'cf ox afFw kmf6s lh;d] + !) jif{ s] sfo{sfn d] + cfkg] Sof–Sof lsof <– d+} g] ckg] sfo{sfn d] + dGqL dx] Gb| / fo ;] ldns/ cf] nL l;8Lcf] s] lgb] {zg d+] gbL k/

afFw dhb"/ s] ljz] if ;xof] u ;] a+wjfof s/ t] y] . Psjf/ afFw s] ax hfg] s] sf/ 0f s'6d] Zj/ L k'n jfn] ns8ÞL ;] afFw aFwjfP y] . p; ;do afFw k/ kmf6s s] lnP dx] Gb| / fo dGqL s] jfb pRr : t/ Lo nuftf/ k|of; gxL+ xf] kfof lh;s] sf/ 0f ceL ts kmf6s sf lgdf{0f ljrf/ fwLg x} . xdnf] uf+] sf pd| s] cg';f/ cj: yf eL sdhf] / xf] r'sf x} lkm/ eL kmf6s s] lnP cfly{s, zf/ Ll/ s, dfgl;s ¿k ;] ;xof] u s/ g] s] lnP t} of/ x"F .

– / fdz+s/ ofbj, k"j{ k|wfgk+r dxf] Q/ L

) o'jf x ]fg] s] jfjh"b @)%( ;fn ;] cfk O; sfo{ d] + nu] x'P x} + ox efjgf cfks] dg d] + sxfF ;] cfoL < ;fy xL lj/ f] w sf eL ;fdgf s/ gf k8 Þf xf] uf, O; ;+be{ d] + lstg] ;xof] u ldn] cf} / cfk Sof–Sof lsP <

– ha d} + k9fO{ ;dfKt s/ s] 3/ cfof tf] @)%( ;fnd] cfsfn sL l: ylt agL x'O{ yL . rf/ f] t/ km kfgL s] lnP xfxfsf/ x'cf yf . dx] Gb| / fo dGqL Pj+ / fd z+s/ ofbj g] r'gfj xf/ g] s] afb lg/ fz xf] s/

afFw sf sfd 5f] 8Þ lbof yf . ta d} g] ls;L k|jrg d] + ;'gf yf cf} / zf: q d] eL lnvf x} ls x/ ;do pk/ jfn] s] e/ f] ;] gxL / xgf rflxP . k|s[lt åf/ f lgld{t w/ tL k/ l: yt gbL gfnf e"–efu ;Dkbf sf ;b'kof] u s/ hgdfg; sf sNof0f s/ gf ;a;] Hofbf nfek|b xf] tf x} . p;L s] cg';f/ ox sbd p7fof lh;d] ls;fg dhb"/ sf sfkmL ;xof] u ldnf ls;fg

eL sfkmL v'z x'P dxf] Q/ L s] ;fy ;fy 8fDxL d8Þ} , k|sf} nL , lkuf} gf, lkk/ f, ;'uf, k;f{kt} nL uf=lj=;= ;lxt laxf/ / fHo s] sO{ ufFj ;] cfly{s ;xof] u eL ldnf . rf/ f] t/ km cR5L km;n eL x'O{ cf} / p;L ;fn ;] O;d] nuf / xtf x"F . sO{ jf/ uf=lj=;= s] ;xof] u ;] afFw d] + sfd lsof x"F tf] / fhgLlts ljrf/ s] sf/ 0f yf] 8Þf lj/ f] w eL x'cf x} n] lsg ljz] if lbSst gxL xf] kfoL x} . afFw afFwg] d] ljleGg k~rfot s] k|d'v ;fdflhs, / fhgLlts nf] uf] + sf ;xof] u ldnf x} . lh;d+] dGqL dx] Gb| / fo, k|wfg k~r / fd z+s/ ofbj, k|sf} nL s] zDe' kf7s, ?b| gf/ fo0f kf7s, lkuf} gf s] / fdz+s/ ld>, lkk/ f s] e"if0f ld>, dxf] Q/ L s] ;'zLn emf ;lxt ;} s8f] + nf] uf] sf ;xof] u ldnf x} . n] lsg ;f+;b dGqL dx] Gb| / fo sf] 5f] 8Þs/ ;f+;b / fdrGb| ltjf/ L, u0f] z g] kfnL, jt{dfg ;f+;b / fd bofn d+8n hL s] ;fy pRr : t/ Lo nf] uf+] sf seL eL dg ;] ljz] if ;xof] u gxL+ ldNfg] s] sf/ 0f kmf6s sf sfd n6sf x'cf x} . O;LlnP l;8Lcf] afFw d] + ceL eL ;Rr] dg ;] pRr : t/ Lo nf] uf] + sf ;xof] u xf] uf tf] g] kfn ef/ t s] lnP pkof] uL ox kmf6s ;kmn ags/ ls;fg s] lnP Oltxf; ag ;stf x} .

dfemL, ;f/ L s] / fd s[kfn kf08] dxf] Q/ L s] lzIfs g/ ] z emf km'NxÝf s] / fh lszf] / l;+x / 3'gfy hL ;lxt ;} s8Þf] + nf] uf] + sf oxL ljrf/ x} ls hNb jxfF k/ kmf6s ag] . Og;eL k|d'v nf] uf] + s] ljrf/ sf] b] vt] x'P CDO afFw k/ kmf6s agg] ;] g] kfn ;lxt ef/ t s] ;} s8Þf+] ufFj d] l;rfO{ ;] ls;fg nfe n] ;s] +u] cf} / bf] gf] b] z s] ;DaGw cf} / eL cR5] ag ;s] +u] .

– ?b|gf/ fo0f kf7s, kl/ sf} nL

;'lgn / fo, ;g'v/ f

gjLgs'df/ gjn÷laxf/


sf7dfG8" ;] @) ;] @% 3+6] sL si6k"0f{ ofqf of lkm/ #) ldg6

sL xjfO{ ofqf s/ s] xn] ;L dxfb] j : yfg kx'Frf hf ;stf x} . ko{6g sL cTolws ;+efjgf ;] e/ k"/ x} g] kfn lsGt' ;/ sf/ sL pbf;Lgtf of ;/ +If0f sL sdL s] sf/ 0f sO{ P] ;] If] q x} + hf] ;+s6u|: t x} + tyflk bz{gfly{of] + cf} / wdf{jnlDaof] + sL eL8Þ sl7gfOof] + ;] h"emt] x'P eL jxfF ts kx'FrtL x} + . P] ;L xL Ps g} ;lu{s ;f} {+bo{ ;] e/ k"/ hux x} xn] ;L dxfb] j : yfg, hf] vf] 6f+u lhnf s] / fk'/ L d] + cjl: yt x} . k|fs[lts ;f} +bo{ sf hLtf hfutf pbfx/ 0f x} vf] 6f+u lhnf, lh;s] s0f–s0f d] + ;f} +Gbo{ sf jf; x} . vf] 6f+u ;d'b|L tn ;] !%@ ;] #^@) sL pmFrfO{ k/ cjl: yt x} . dgf] / d kj{t >[+vnf cf} / hn>f] t a/ j; cfksf] ckgL cf] / vL+rt] x} + . kj{tf] + sL rf] l6of] + ;] c7v] lnofF s/ t] afbn s] 6's8Þ] cf} / pgsL cf] 6 ;] emfFstf ;"o{ dg dl: tis sf] ;Ddf] lxt s/ g] s] lnP sfkmL x} + .

xn] ;L dxfb] j : jlgld{t u'kmf d] + l: yt x} + . ckg] ljlrq cfsf/ –k|sf/ sL jhx ;] ox u'kmf cgfof; xL ;asf] cfslif{t s/ tL x} . O; u'kmf sL agfj6 sf] b] vs/ O{Zj/ sL ;+/ rgf k/ JolSt ljl: dt xf] hftf x} . s'5 If0f ts O; sL chLaf] u/ La agfj6 sf] b] vg] d] + dg / d hftf x} . u'kmf d] + k|j] z s/ g] ;] kxn] eujfg u0f] z sf d+lb/ x} , eStu0f kxn] oxfF k"hf s/ t] x} +, tTkZrft\ u'kmf s] cGb/ k|j] z s/ t] x} + . eLt/ hfg] k/ dfF kfj{tL sL k|ltdf x} p;s] afb ue{u[x d] + eujfg lzj sf @ kmL6 pmFrL lzjln+u x} , hf] lznflgld{t x} . ue{u[x d] + k|j] z s/ gf sl7g gxL+ x} , gLr] pt/ g] s] lnP ;Ll9ofF agL x'O{ x} + . lsGt' lbg s] e/ k"/ phfn] s] afb eL u'kmf d] + kof{Kt / f] zgL sL sdL xf] tL x} . lahnL sL Joj: yf xf] g] s] afb eL cfk"lt{ gxL+ xf] tLm O;sL jhx ;] eSthg cf} / bz{sf] + sf] u'kmf cjnf] sg d] + sl7gfO{ xf] tL x} . u'kmf s] cGb/ rdufb8Þf] sL Wjlg cf} / sa"t/ f] +

sL u'6/ u"F Ps ;+uLtdo jftfj/ 0f t} of/ s/ tf x} , hf] eStu0ff] + sf k|j] z s/ t] s] ;fy xL : jfut s/ t] x} + .

u'kmf s] cGb/ lzjln+u s] cltl/ St k+rd'vL kz'kltgfy, u0f] z, kfj{tL cf} / eujtL cflb sO{ b] jL b] jtfcf] + sL d"lt{ofF x} + . ;fy xL k|s[lt åf/ f lgld{t sO{ chLaf] u/ La cfs[ltofF b] vg] sf] ldntL x} + hf] ls;L g ls;L ¿k sf cfef; s/ ftL x} . dfgf hftf x} ls lzjln+u s] gLr] hnfzo x} cf} / lzjln+u s] pmk/ uf} d'v cfsf/ agf x'cf x} , lh;s] lnP ls+jb+tL x} ls jx sfdw] g' sL cfs[lt x} cf} / k|frLg sfn d] + jxfF ;] clj/ n b'Uw wf/ axf s/ tL yL . oxfF sL k"hf dx+t dgf] x/ lu/ L s] k+rw/ cljjflxt n8Þs] k+rf] krf/ ljlw ;] ;'ax zfd lsof s/ t] x} + . ljZjf; x} ls ox d+lb/ k/ fk"j{ sfn ;] x} lsGt', O;sL ljlwjt k"hf sf k|f/ De / fhf / 0faxfb'/ åf/ f !*$) d] + ul7t u'7L s] åf/ f z'? x'O{ x} . ox If] q ls/ fFt hghflt afx'No If] q x} . O;lnP ls/ ftf] + s] åf/ f pgs] kf/ Dkl/ s tf} / t/ Lsf] + ;] eL oxfF k"hf cr{gf sL hftL x} . pgs] kf/ Dkl/ s j] ze"iff cf} / g[Toufg ;eL sf dg df] xt] x} + .

xn] ;L u'kmf s] eLt/ kTy/ f] + ;] lgld{t kfFr åf/ x} +, lh;] kfk cf} / k'0o s] efj ;] hf] 8Þs/ b] vf hftf x} . dfgf hftf x} ls hf] Og ;eL åf/ f] + ;] xf] s/ lgsn cft] x} + jf] k'0ofTdf xf] t] x} + . kxn] bf] åf/ tf] eSt cf;fgL ;] kf/ s/ hft] x} + n] lsg p;s] afb ox cf;fg gxL+ xf] tf x} . c+ltd åf/ : ju{ åf/ x} lh;] kf/ s/ gf ;Dej gxL+ x} . O; u'kmf s] afb a;xf u'kmf x} , lh;sf k|j] z dfu{ ;+s/ f x} n] lsg cfu] hfs/ O;sL rf} 8ÞfO{ a9Þ hftL x} . O; u'kmf d] + l;l4 k|fKt s/ g] x] t' ;+t tk: of s/ t] x} + . u'kmf s] s/ La xL af} 4 wdf{jnlDaof] + sf u'Daf x} . lxGb' wd{ cf} / af} 4wd{ s] cfk;L ;lxi0f'tf cf} / P] ltxfl;s ;DaGw sf kl/ rfos x} ox : yfg . lhtgL >4f ;] eSt lzjln+u sL k"hf cf/ fwgf s/ t] x} +, ptgL xL >4f ;] eujfg a'4 s] r/ 0ff] + d] + eL ;/ em'sft] x} + . oxfF af} 4 wd{ ;] h'8Þ] lzIffyL{ lzIff u|x0f s/ g] x] t' cft] x} + . jftfj/ 0f pgs] åf/ f pRrfl/ t d+qf] + ;] u'+lht xf] tf / xtf x} . af} 4 u'? kb\d;Dej g] oxL+ tk: of sL yL cf} / l;l4 k|fKt sL yL . O;lnP O; hux sf] dfgjlbsf sxf hftf x} . ox Ps ltAatL zAb x} lh;sf cy{ xf] tf x} s'dfu{ ;] ;'dfu{ sL cf] / , c;To ;] ;To sL cf] / , sl7g ;] ;/ n sL cf] / cf} / cwd{ ;] wd{ sL cf] / .

OtgL dxQf sf] ;d] 6] ox If] q ;+/ If0f sL sdL s] sf/ 0f c;'/ lIft xf] tf hf / xf x} . u'kmf s] pmk/ j[Iff] + sL h8Þ] + km} ntL hf / xL x} +, lh;sL jhx ;] u'kmf Ifltu|: t xf] / xf x} cf} / k|sfz sL plrt Joj: yf gxL+ xf] g] ;] seL eL sf] O{ b'3{6gf xf] g] sL ;Defjgf ;] O+sf/ gxL+ lsof hf ;stf x} . ;DalGwt lgsfo, d+lb/ Joj: yfkg cf} / ;/ sf/ sf Wofg O; cf] / hfgf cTofjZos x} . lll

lx=;+=

ko{6g

xn] ;L dxfb] j


lxdflngL 8]:s

g] kfn g] o'uf08f sf] ^@ / g ;] k/ flht s/ t] x'P ut sflt{s !# ut] s] / f] h cfO;L;L jN8{ lqms] 6 lnu l8lehg–# d] + lvtfa xfl;n lsof . O; t/ x g] kfn cf} / o'uf08f bf] gf] + 6Ld ca l8lehg–@ d] + v] ng] s] bfj] bf/ x'P x} + . ox l8lehg @ k|ltof] lutf ;g\ @)!% hgj/ L !& d] + gfldleof d] + ;~rfng xf] g] hf / xL x} . p; d] + g] kfn cf} / o'uf08f s] ;fy xL s] Gof, g] b/ Nof08, gfldleof cf} / Sofg8f eL x} + .

g] kfnL 6Ld g] Oltxf; sf] b'x/ ft] x'P b";/ L af/ l8lehg # sL pkflw ckgL emf] nL d] + 8fnL x} . O; af/ kxn] v] n d] + xL g] kfn, o'uf08f ;] @) / g ;] k/ flht x'cf yf . n] lsg b";/ ] v] n d] + g] kfn d] + a/ d'8f sf] * ljs] 6 ;] k/ flht lsof cf} / tL;/ ] v] n d] + l;+ufk'/ sf] !() / g ;] k/ flht lsof . p;L t/ x rf} y] cf} / kfFrj] + v] n d] + cd] l/ sf sf] !) / g ;] cf} / dn] l;of sf] #^ / g ;] k/ flht s/ t] x'P g] kfn k'gM l8lehg @ d] + rolgt x'cf x} . pkflw s] lnP O; le8ÞGt s] kxn] v] n d] + ckgL xf/ sf abnf n] t] x'P g] kfn g] o'uf08f sf] ^@ / g ;] x/ fof cf} / v'b sf] l8lehg # sf r} lDkog agfg] d] + ;kmn / xf .

g] kfnL lqms] 6 6Ld sL ;kmntf k/ h/ f ljx+ud b[li6 8fn] +– g] kfnL 6Ld g] ;g\ @))# d] + P;L;L Odlh{ª g] zg 6'gf{d] G6 sL pkflw hLtL yL . bf] ;fn afb cfO;L;L åf/ f ljZjsk ;] n] S;g d] + l8lehg– @ d] + tL;/ f : yfg p;] ldnf yf . p;L jif{ OG6/ slG6g] G6n sk sf pkljh] tf g] kfn x'cf . ;g\ @))% d] + cfof] lht tLg lbj;Lo k|ltof] lutf d] + eL g] kfn pkljh] tf x'cf . ;g\ @))* d] + cfO;L;L ljZjlqms] 6 lnu l8lehg– % d] + O;] tL;/ f : yfg ldnf . ;g\ @))( d] + P;L;L dlxnf 6L–@) r} lDkogzLk d] + pkljh] tf / xf . Ps jif{ afb ;g\ @)!) d] + l8lehg– % sf ljh] tf ag s/ l8lehg– $ d] + O;sL kbf] Gglt x'O{ . p;L ;fn P;L;L 6«kmL Pln6 sk sf pkljh] tf ag s/ l8lehg– $ sL k|ltof] lutf d] + g] kfn tL;/ ] : yfg d] + / xf . bf] jif{ afb ;g\ @)!@ d] + l8lehg–$ sf ljh] tf ag s/ v'b sf] l8lehg– # d] + kbf] Gglt k|fKt sL . lkm/ p;L ;fn P;L;L 6«kmL Pln6 sf ljh] tf x'cf . ;g\ @)!# d] + P;L;L dlxnf r} lDkogzLk d] + g] kfn sf] tL;/ f : yfg ldnf yf . ;g\ @)!# d] + l8lehg– # sf ljh] tf agt] x'P l8lehg–@ d] + k|j] z lsof yf . O; t/ x g] kfnL lqms] 6 6Ld lg/ Gt/ k|ult s] ky d] + cu|;/ xf] / xL x} .

cGt/ f{i6«Lo lqms] 6 sfplG;n s] cWoIf Pg >Llgjf;g g] cfO;L;L jN8{ lqms] 6 lnu l8lehg @ d] + k|j] z kfg] sL v'lzofnL d] + g] kfn cf} / o'uf08f bf] gf] + sf] awfO{ bL x} . k|wfgdGqL ;'zLn sf] O/ fnf g] g] kfnL lqms] 6 6Ld s] s} K6] g kf/ ; v8\sf sf] 6] lnkmf] g åf/ f O; hLt s] lnP xflb{s awfO{ bL . k|wfgdGqL sfof{no ;|f] t s] cg';f/ sf] O/ fnf g] g] kfn ;/ sf/ , g] kfnL hgtf cf} / ckgL t/ km ;] awfO{ b] t] x'P cGt/ f{i6«Lo v] n hut d] + g] kfnL / fi6«Lo em08f sf] pRrtd : yfg d] + kx'Frfg] k/ g] kfn sL zfg d] clej[l4 x'O{ x} , O;s] lnP v] nf8L cf} / k|lzIfs s] k|lt d} + uj{ sf cg'ej s/ tf x"F . pGxf] + g] cfu] sxf x} – cfg] jfn] lbgf] + d] + lqms] 6 d] + pTs[i6 v] n sf k|bz{g s/ t] x'P pRrtd : yfg xfl;n s/ g] d] + g] kfn ;kmn xf] , P] ;L sfdgf sL x} . p;L t/ x g] skf Pdfn] g] eL r} lDkog x'P g] kfnL lqms] 6 6Ld sf] awfO{ bL x} . Pdfn] ;lrj k[YjL;'Aaf åf/ f u'?ª hf/ L lj1lKt

d] + g] kfnL 6f] nL r} lDkog xf] g] k/ g] kfn sf l;/ pmFrf x'cf x} , P] ;f pNn] v lsof uof x} . dn] l;of s] lsG/ f/ f d} bfg d] + ;DkGg cfO;L;L jN8{ lqms] 6 lnu l8lehg # sf ljh] tf agg] k/ g] kfnL lqms] 6 6Ld s] lnP rf/ f] + cf] / ;] awfO{ sL jiff{ xf] / xL x} . n] lsg cfg] jfn] lbgf] + d] + l8lehg @ d] + v] nt] ;do g] kfnL 6Ld sf] cf} / Hofbf d] xgt s/ g] sL cf} / r'gf} ltof] + sf ;fdgf s/ g] sL h¿/ t k8Þ] uL .

v]n hut

lqms] 6 d] + g] kfn sL zfgbf/ ljhoL 5nf+u


skf]{/]6 hut

/ ljgf b] z/ fh g] hLtf b";/ f cGt/ f{i6«Lo cjf8{

a} +s/ / ljgf b] z/ fh >] i7 s] vft] d] + b";/ f cGt/ f{i6«Lo cjf8{ eL cfof x} . d] uf a} +s g] kfn lnld6] 8 s] gfoa dxfk|aGws eL / xL+ >] i7 l;+ufk'/ ;] k|bfg lsP hfg] jfnL …n] 8L ckm PlS;n] G; cjf8{Ú hLt r'sL x} . cjf8{ cfg] jfn] hgj/ L % d] + OG8f] g] l;of s] / fhf s] k|d'v cfltYo d] + l;+ufk'/ d] + eJo ;df/ f] x s] aLr k|bfg lsof hfPuf . dgf] gog d] + k8] Þ Plzof s] ^ ;o !# dlxnfcf] + d+] >] i7 @) s] cGb/ r'gL uO{ x} + .

O; cjf8{ s] lnP @& / fi6« sL ;kmn dlxnfP+, pBdL Pj+ Joj;foL k|lt: kwf{ d] + yL+ . a} +lsª If] q s] ;fy ;fy b] z s] cfly{s ljsf;, dfgjLo tyf ;fdflhs sfo{ d] + ljz] if of] ubfg b] g] s] sf/ 0f >] i7 sf] r'gf uof k'/ : sf/ k|bfg s/ g] jfnL ;+: yf P;O{Pl;of g] hfgsf/ L bL . >] i7 g] sxf …O; cjf8{ ;] d} + ax't v'z x"+Ú . pGxf] +g] O; ;] kxn] ut efb| @( ut] eL dn] l;of d] + k|bfg lsP hfg] jfn] …@! jL+ ztfAbL uf] N8] g kmf] lgS; cjf8{Ú eL hLtf yf . cjf8{ s] lnP g] kfn ;] OKnfg] 6 k|fln s] ;Gtf] if ;fksf] 6f g] Ogsf dgf] gog lsof yf . cjf8{ ljh] tf >] i7 d] uf a} +s g] kfn lnld6] 8 s] gfoa dxfk|aGws s] ;fy rLkm lahg; clkm;/ x+} . ef/ t s] snsQf l: yt db/ 6] / ] ;fh xf] d km/ b cf] N8 P08 lrN8«g ;] ckgf sl/ c/ ;'¿ s/ g] jfnL >] i7 : 6\of088{ rf6{8{ a} +s, glan a} +s d+] eL sfd s/ r'sL x+} . O; ;] kxn] eL a} +lsª tyf ;fdflhs If] q s] 9] / ;f/ ] k'/ : sf/ tyf ;Ddfg OGx] k|bfg lso] uo] x} + .

cf7 c/ a s] lgj] z d] + ag / xf ‘z] / f6g xf] 6n’s/ La rf/ jiff+] { sL t} of/ L s] afb sf7df8" d] + kfFr l;tf/ f

…z] / f6g sf7df8" xf] 6nÚ agfg] sf sfd z'? x'cf x} . cfi6] «lnof s] PdcfO{6L u|'k xf] lN8ª\; s] s/ La cf7 c/ a lgj] z d] + ag / x] xf] 6n d] + ztk|ltzt cfi6«] lnog k"+hL x} . xf] 6n s] Joj: yfkg cf} / ;~rfng l;+ufk'/ s] : 6f/ j'8 u|'k åf/ f xf] g] sL hfgsf/ L sDkgL s] l;Ocf] z] if 3n] g] bL . …z] / f6g sf7df+8" xf] 6nÚ s/ La !$ / f] kgL If] qkmn e"–efu d] + ag] uf .

xf] 6n Dofg] hd] G6 d] + b'lgof e/ d] + k|l;l4 kfP x'P : 6f/ j'8 xf] 6n P08 l/ ;f] 6{ jN8jfO8 O+s u'0f: t/ Lo ko{6s nfg] d] + cGt/ f{i6«Lo

;~hfn ;] b'lgof e/ d] + dfs] {l6ª s/ ] uf . xf] 6n sf k|d'v nIo u'0f: t/ Lo ko{6s g] kfn d+] nfg] sf x} . cGt/ fi6«Lo : t/ s] k|ltli7t z] / f6g xf] 6n

g] kfn cfg] ;] b] z s] ko{6g pBf] u cf} / ;du| cfly{s lasf; d] + dxTjk"0f{ pknlAw dfgL uoL x} . b] z s] ;] jf If] q d] + cfP ;a ;] a8Þ] k|ToIf j} b] lzs lgj] z ;] g] kfn s] ko{6g pBf] u s] ljsf; d] + b"/ ufdL k|efj k8] Þuf ;LOcf] 3n] g] ljZjf; JoQm lsof x} .

kfFrl;tf/ f nSh/ L xf] 6n z] / f6g sf7df8" d] + @!* u] i6?d tyf ;'O6 ¿d / x] uf . x] Ny Snj, : kf, jftfg's"lnt : jLldª k'n cf} / lkm6g] ; ;] G6/ ;lxt sL ;'ljwf pknAw xf] uL . xf] 6n s] cGb/ l/ 6] n ;lkª ;'lawf cf} / : yfgLo cf} / cGt/ fi6«Lo : jfb s] vfg] sf cfgGb lnof hf ;stf x} . ljjfx tyf ;ef ;df/ f] x s] lnP s/ La Ps xhf/ ;L6 Ifdtf sf ;efsIf xf] uf hf] o] ;efsIf sf7df+8" d] + ca ts sf ;a ;] a8Þf xf] g] sf bfjf lsof uof x} . ejg sL dha"tL cf} / ;'/ Iff s] lnP cfw'lgs …kf] i6 6] G;G8 s+ls|6Ú ljlw ;] lsof hfPuf, sf7df8" d] + P] ;f k|of] u kxnL af/ lsof hf / xf x} . xf] 6n agg] s] qmd d] + s/ La %) xhf/ k|ToIf / f] huf/ cf} / ;~rfng s] afb $%) bIf hgzlQm sf] / f] huf/ ldn ;stf x} . ox xf] 6n ljZj s] sl/ a Ps ;f} b] zf] + d+] ;~rflnt x} . O; xf] 6n sf lznfGof; k|wfgdGqL ;'zLn sf] O/ fnf g] lsof yf .

d] uf a} +s, 8f] ln8f/ cf} / cfOPncf] aLr lqkIfLo ;Demf} tf

d] uf a} +s, : yfgLo k"jf{wf/ ljsf; tyf s[lif ;8Þs ljefu -8f] ln8f/ _ cf} / cGt/ fi6«Lo >d ;+u7g-cfOPncf] _ s] aLr lqkIfLo ;Demf} tf x'cf x} . g] kfn ;/ sf/ cf} / ljZj a} +s g] cfufdL % jiff] {+ s] lnP ## lhn] d] + 8f] ln8f/ sL cf] / ;] ;~rfng lsP / fi6«Lo u|fdL0f oftfoft sfo{qmd-P;Pgcf/ 6LkL_ d] ;Da4 kIff] + sf] ;xof] u xf] g] s] p2] Zo s] ;fy ox ;demf} tf lsof uof x} . ;demf} tfkq

d] + d] uf a} +s s] k|d'v sfo{sf/ L clws[t clgns] z/ L zfx, 8f] ln8f/ s] dxflgb] {zs hLjgs'df/ >] i7 cf} / cfOPncf] s] lgb] {zs hf] z c;flngf] g] x: tfIf/ lsof . 8f] ln8f/ s] sfo{qmd cGtu{t # xhf/ # ;o !! lsnf] dL6/ u|fdL0f ;8Þs agfg] sf p2] Zo x} . lh; d] + !% ;f} sfdbf/ ;xefuL xf] +u] . d] uf a} Fs s] ;LOcf] clgns] z/ L zfx g] O; ;demf} t] s] cg';f/ d] uf sL zfvf jfn] If] q d] + ;8Þs lgdf{0f d] + ;xefuL sfdbf/ P+j Joj;floof] + sf] ljQLo ;] jf lj: tf/ lsP hfg] sL hfgsf/ L bL . b] z e/ a} +s ckgL @* zfvf s] åf/ f cf} / $* huxf] + d] + zfvf gxL+ xf] g] k/ eL a} +lsª ;] jf dfkm{t u|fdL0f If] qf] + d] + ;] jf k|bfg s/ tL cf / xL x} .

Sof cfk PG8«f] O8 kmf] g k|of] u s/ t] x} + < cf uof nf‘nLkf‘k cf‘k/ ] l6ª l;: 6d, OG: 6f‘n s/ ] u] + tf] kfP+u] ox ;'ljwf u'un g] ckgf 6} an] 6 cf} / : df6{kmf] g nlIft gP cf‘k/ ] l6ª l;: 6d nf‘nLkfk ;fj{hlgs lsof x} . u'un g] PG8«f] O8 cf] kg ;f] ;{ k|f] h] S6-Pcf] P;kL_ ;lxt nf‘nLkf‘k %=) ;fj{hlgs lsof x} . PG8«f] O8 e;{g !=^ 8'g6


s] ;fy ;'¿ x'cf df] afOn cfk/ ] l6ª l;: 6d ofqf ceL %=) e;{g nf‘nLkf‘k ts cf kx'+rf x} . nf‘nLkf‘k PG8«f] O8 ck/ ] l6ª l;: 6d d] + ;a ;] lk5nf x} .

nf‘nLkf‘k go] + l8hfOg d] +nf‘nLkf‘k d] + cfP go] + l8hfOg cf} / ;'wf/ ;] k|of] ustf{ PG8«f] O8 d] +

cfsif{s kl/ jt{g cg'ej s/ +] u] . ox ;fj{hlgs s] ;fy–;fy d] 6] l/ on l8hfOg PG8«f] O8 d] + l;km{ ;Lldt gxL+ xf] uf . ox ;: t] n} k6f‘k d] + k|of] u xf] / xf s|f] d cf] P; ts s] cfOsG; ts ;Lwf ;DaGw / v] uf . nfnLkf‘k s] ck8] 6 gf] e] Da/ # ;] z'¿ x'P u'un cfkmLl;on Anu g] lnvf x} . ckg] l8efO; s] ck8] 6 cfg] s] t'/ Gt afb k|of] ustf{ ckg] df] afOn d] + O;sf gf] l6lkms] ;g k|fKt s/ ;stf x} . u'un sf 6} an] 6 g] S;; & cf} / !)-@)!@–@)!#_ g] ;a ;] kxn] ck8] 6 kfPuf . nf‘nLkf‘k d] g' af/ sf] af] N8 sn/ lbof x} lh; ;] O; d] + k|of] u x'P / ª sL ux/ fO{ emnstL

x} . a} su|fpG8, d] g', a6g ;] ;eL Plgd] ;g e/ f x'cf nf‘nLkfk ˆNo'O8 l8hfOg d+] x} . PG8«f] O8 %=) nfnLkfk g] Ps ;] Hofbf k|of] ustf{ d} qL dN6L o'h/ sL ;'ljwf bL x} . O; ;] kxn] l;km{ s'5

6} an] 6 d] + xL P] ;L ;'ljwf pknAw yL . u] i6 o'h/ eL ckgf 8f6f kf;j8{ / v s/ ;'/ lIft s/ ;st] x+} . O; ;] k|f] kmfOn sL txt k|of] ustf{cf] + s] PlKns] ;g k|of] u d] + ;d] t aGb] h s/ g] sL ;'ljwf bL x} . ca go] l8efO; d] + ckgf PsfpG6 ;] 6 s/ g] s] lnP kxn] ;] ;xh xf] uf .

nfnLkfk g] gf] l6lkms] ;g k"0f{ ¿k ;] aGb s/ g] sL tyf p; sf k|fof] l/ l6 ;] 6 s/ g] sL goL+ ;'ljwf k|bfg sL x} . ckgf cTofjZos df] afOn sG6ofS6 tyf PKnLs] ;g sf gf] l6lkms] ;g xL lbvfg] s] lnP ldn] uf lh; ;] sl7gfO{ cf} / c;fGble{s gf] l6lkms] ;g sf] x6fPuf . O; d] + a} 6«L sL vkt Hofbf s/ g] jfn] PK; kxrfg s/ g] h} ;] ;ˆ6j] o/ cf6{ O; d] + k|of] u lsof uof x} . lh; ;] a} 6«L sL vkt sd xf] uL . nf‘nLkf‘k k|of] ustf{cf] + sf] l8efO; d+] nu Og s/ g] s] lnP s'5 gof+ ljsNk ldnf x} . km] ; / ] sugfOh] ;g, x] 8kmf] g, l: ks/ , : df6{ jfr cf} / Pg=Pkm=;L= 6\ofu l8efO; sf] cgns s] lnP ljsNk lbof uof x} . df] afOn s] / ] Gh ;] afx/ o] l8efO; d+] hfPuf tf] kmf] g : jtM nf‘s xf] hfPuf .

7gsf k|lt/ f] ws ;f] gL a|fleof o'Pr8L 6LeL afhf/ d] +hfkfgLh 6] lnlehg lgdf{tf sDkgL ;f] gL g] goL+ ;Ll/ h sf

o'Pr8L 6] lnlehg g] kfnL afhf/ d] + nfof x} . g] kfn d] + ;f] gL 6] lnlehg g] kf lxdf 6] «8 ln+s laqmL ljt/ 0f s/ tL cf / xL x} . sDkgL ;f] gL a|fleof

kmf] / ] s s] tLg ;Ll/ h, km'n Pr8L 6LeL s] rf/ ;Ll/ h cf} / cf/ ;Ll/ h 6LeL s] bf] ;Ll/ h g] kfnL afhf/ f+] d] k|If] lkt lsof uof x} . sDkgL s] txt kmf] / s] PnO8L s] PS; ()) aL df] 8n ̂ % OGr cf} / %% OGr d] + cf} / PS; *%)) aL df] 8n %%

OGr cf} / $( OGr d] + pknAw x} + . a|fleof s] PS;6« k|f] 6] S;g df] 8n $@ cf} / #@ OGr d] pknAw / xf x} . zfgbf/ l8hfOg, ;dofg's"n kl/ jt{g xf] g] jfn] cTofw'lgs k|ljlw tyf j[xt sfo{z} nL s] sf/ 0f ;f] gL b'lgof e/ d] + ;a ;] Hofbf k;Gb sL hftL x} . o] ˆNof6 l: qmg 6LeL d+] seL eL gxL+ b] vf uof j] h : 6«Sr/ x} lh; ;] ;eL k|sf/ s] pTs[i6 Wjlg k|;f/ 0f s/ g] sL Ifdtf / vtf x} . a|fleof cf/ #%@ aL cf} / #)^ aL 6LeL d] EoflG6n] ;g s] sfd s/ g] jfn] 5f] 6] –5f] 6] l5b| x+} hf] 6LeL sf] u/ d xf] g] gxL+ b] +u] . sDkgL s] txt O; sL agfj6 ;] eL 6LeL s] eLt/ jfo' k|;f/ 0f ;xh xf] tf x} . Ogd] ( lsnf] ef] N6 ts 7gs] s] em6s] sf] / f] sg] sL Ifdtf x} lh; ;] h} ;L eL cf+wL cf} / afl/ z d] + eL a] w8Þs 6LeL sf cfgGb lnof hf ;stf x} .

kmf] 6f] kqsf/ s] lnP s] h'd df] jfOn d] + 5"6

OlG6u|6] 8 df] laln6L ;f] n';g -cfOPdP;_ g] @) d] uf lkS;] n s} d/ f afn] : df6{kmf] g g] kfnL ;+rf/ sdL{of] + sf] 5"6 ;'ljwf d+] pknAw s/ fg] jfn] x} + . kmf] 6f] hgf{ln: 6 Snj s] l;kmfl/ ; d] + O; : df6{kmf] g v/ Lb d] + gf} xhf/ gf} ;o ?kP 5"6 k|bfg s/ g] sL hfgsf/ L sDkgL g] bL x} . df] jfOn v/ Lb s] lnP Unf] an cfOPdO{ a} +s OPdcfO ;'ljwf b] uf . %@ xhf/ d"No jfnf O; : df6{kmf] g d] + @) d] uflkS;n s] Sofd] / f cf} / !) PS; h'd x} . Sofd] / f s] zf} sLg tyf : df6{kmf] g s] kf/ vL kqsf/ s] lnP Ps xL ;] 6 d] + bf] ;'ljwf pknAw xf] g] sL hfgsf/ L x} . kmf] 6f] hgf{ln: 6 Snj åf/ f l;kmfl/ ; lsP uP ;~rf/ sld{of] + sf] Unf] an cfOPdO{ a} +s p; sf kmfOgflG;on slG8;g, ;DalGwt ;dfrf/ ;+: yf s] l;kmfl/ ; s] cfwf/ d] + OPdcfO{ s/ g] sL aft Unf] an cfOPdO{ a} +s s] gfoj k|d'v sfo{sf/ L clws[t hgs zdf{ kf} 8] n g] atfO{ . cfOPdP; g] nfof u} n] S;L gf] 6 kmf] / s] kfj/ ;] ol/ ª s] an, P; Eo" se/ cf} / lˆnk jfn] 6 ;} d;+u df] afOn s] g] kfn l: yt cflwsfl/ s ljqm] tf OlG6u|] 6] 8 df] laln6L ;f] n';g-cfOPdP;_ g] Uofn] S;L gf] 6 kmf] / s] lnP pkof] uL ;fdu|L k] z lsof x} . cfOPdP; Uofn] S;L gf] 6 kmf] / s] lnP pkof] uL kfj/ ;] ol/ ª s] an, Uofn] S;L gf] 6kmf] / P; Eo" se/ cf} / Uofn] S;L gf] 6 kmf] / lˆnk jfn] 6 nfof x} . o] ;fdu|L k|of] u s/ g] jfn] u|fxsf] + sf] gf] 6 kmf] / rfh{ s/ g] cf} / ;'/ lIft / fvg] s] lnP pkof] uL xf] g] sL hfgsf/ L sDkgL g] bL x} . sDkgL kfj/ ;] ol/ ª s] an s] Ps xhf/ cf7 ;o %) ?kof lgwf{l/ t x} . o] s] an ;fd;'ª Uofn] S;L P; kmfOj, Uofn] S;L 6\ofj cf} / cf} / f] Uofn] S;L l8efO; s] aLr kfj/ cfbfgk|bfg s/ g] s] lnP ldn] uf . O;L t/ x pRr u'0f: t/ s] ;] Gy] l6s n] b/ ;] agfP uP lˆnk jfn] 6 Uofn] S;L gf] 6 kmf] / s] lnP t} of/ lsof uof x} . O; se/ ;] df] afOn sf] v/ f] +r, w"n cf} / uGbuL ;] arftf x} . sDkgL g] O; sL sLdt rf/ xhf/ 5M ;f} ?kof lgwf{l/ t lsof x} . ˆNof6 cf} / Kofl8ª l8hfOg d] + pknAw Uofn] S;L gf] 6 kmf] / P; P] o" eL sfn] , phn] cf} / u'nfjL / ª d] v/ Lb ;st] x+} .

skf]{/]6 hut


jL/ u+h sf] k|fb] lzs / fhwfgL agfg] sL df+u

clgn ltjf/ L÷jL/u+h

k;f{, af/ f tyf / f} tx6 lhnf s] ;ef;bf] + g] dWot/ fO{ sf] ef] hk'/ f–l;d|f} gu9 k|b] z agfg] sL df+u sL x} . ljleGg bnf] + ;] ;+a4 ;ef;b\ ;lDdlnt kqsf/ ;Dd] ng d] + jL/ u+h sf] k|fb] lzs / fhwfgL agfg] s] lnP gjnk/ f;L ;] ;nf{xL ts ;Ldf+sg s/ t] x'P O; If] q sf] Ps cnu k|b] z agfg] sL df+u sL uO{ x} . k;f{ If] q g+= ! s] ;ef;b\ / fh] Gb|axfb'/ cdfTo sL ljz] if cu'jfO{ d] + cfof] lht ;fd"lxs kqsf/ ;Dd] ng d] + k;f{ s] ;ef;b\ ;'/ ] Gb|k|;fb rf} w/ L, hok|sfz yf?, h'g] b cG;f/ L, / fdrGb| ;fx t] nL, gfu] Gb|k|;fb rf} w/ L, / fhs'df/ u'Ktf, ljrf/ L ofbj cf} / af/ f ;] o'jf tyf v] ns'b dGqL k'?iff] Qd kf} 8] n, ;ef;b\ km/ d'Nnf dG;"/ , g] hdf cfnd, / fw] rGb| ofbj, anjL/ rf} w/ L, / fdcof] Wof k|;fb ofbj, dw'zfxL 7s'/ L, nfnafa' l;+x cf} / / f} tx6 sL cf] / ;] / fds'df/ e§/ fO{, 8f= j+zLw/ ld> cflb sL ;xeflutf yL .

kxrfg sL vf] h d] + df/ jf8 ÞL ;dfhgo] ;+ljwfg d] + df/ jf8L ;d'bfo eL ckgf clwsf/ ;'lglZrt

s/ gf rfxtf x} . P] ;L aft jL/ u+h s] df/ jf8ÞL ;d'bfo s] cu|0fL nf] uf] + åf/ f ;fdg] nfO{ uO{ x} . Ps sfo{qmd d] + jL/ u+h s] ljsf; s] ;fy xL df/ jf8ÞL ;d'bfo sf clwsf/ eL ;'lglZrt xf] gf rflxP, O; cfzo sf ;Daf] wg s/ t] x'P jQmfcf] + g] lsof cf} / ;ef;bf] + sf Wofgfsif{0f lsof . df/ jf8ÞL ;] js ;+3 sL cf] / ;] bLkfjnL s]

pknIo d] + cfof] lht : g] x ldng cf} / ;Ddfg ;df/ f] x d] + df/ jf8ÞL ;d'bfo s] ;ef;bf] + sf] sb/ kq k|bfg s/ t] x'P ;Ddflgt lsof uof . ;+3 s] cWoIf d'/ nLw/ ?+u6f s] ;efkltTj d] + ;DkGg pQm sfo{qmd d] + ;ef;b\ Zofd;'Gb/ l6j8] jfn, clgn ?+u6f, ljdn s] l8of, k"j{;ef;b\ cf] dk|sfz zdf{ cf} / df/ jf8ÞL ;dfh s] k/ z'/ fd ;/ fauL, lr/ ~hLjL ;/ fauL, xL/ fnfn s] l8of, afa"nfn cu|jfn, / fdcjtf/ v08] njfn cflb dxfg'efjf] + g] z'esfdgf JoQm sL yL .

k;f{ s] ufFj c+w] / ] d] +/ fHo sL unt gLlt s] sf/ 0f lbjfnL cf} / 57 h} ;] kj{ d] + eL

k;f{ s] afl;Gbf cGwsf/ d] + / xg] s] lnP afWo x'P . k;f{ s] Ps bh{g ;] Hofbf uf+j d] + hn] x'P 6«fG;kmd{/ sf] ;do d] + g abng] ;] Tof] xf/ sf dhf ls/ ls/ f xL gxL+ x'cf, clkt' k"/ ] cGwsf/ d] + Tof] xf/ u'hf/ gf k8Þf . g] kfn ljB't k|flws/ 0f, jL/ u+h ljt/ 0f s] Gb| d] + Ps eL j} slNks 6«fG;km/ d/ g xf] g] s] rnt] : yfgLo nf] uf] + sf] P] ;f b'Mv em] ngf k8Þf .

k;f{ s] / fdu9Þjf, l6x'sL, Ps6fªf, r} gk'/ cflb bh{gf] + ufFj s] lgjf;L dxLgf] + ;] cGw] / ] d] + hL / x] x} + . cf] e/ nf] 8 cf} / x'lsª s] sf/ 0f hn] x'P 6«fG;km/ d/ dd{t s] lnP If] qLo x] 6f} 8f sfof{no d] + e] h] uP x} + . P] ;f ljt/ 0f s] Gb| s] k|d'v Clifs'df/ j0f{jfn sf sxgf x} . pGxf] +g] atfof ls dd{t s] afb ljB't cfk"lt{ ;xh xf] uL . kf|lws/ 0f sf sxgf x} , u|fxs cf} / pkef] u, lh; cg'kft d] + a9f x} , p;sL t'ngf d] + k"jf{wf/ lj: tf/ g xf] g] ;] cfk"lt{ d] + ;d: of cfO{ x} . k|flws/ 0f g] jL/ u+h, kyn} of sl/ 8f] / d] + ljut bf] jiff] +{ ;] gofF cf} Bf] lus u|fxsf] + sf] nfOg ljt/ 0f gxL+ lsof x} . jL/ u+h ljt/ 0f s] Gb| g] ufx{: y k|of] hg s] lnP y|L km] h nfOgsf ljt/ 0f eL aGb lsof x} . …ufx{: y d] + gofF y|Lkm] h nfOg gxL+ lbof uof x} .

;dfrf/


hGdbtf{, d[To'btf{, ljjfxbtf{, a;fO{ ;/fO{ ;d] t #% lbgleq u/] df lgMz'Ns btf{ ul/g] / #% lbg gf3] df b08hl/jfgf nfUg] ePsf] x'Fbf

;j{;fwf/0fnfO{ hfgsf/Lsf] nflu cg'/f] w ub{5f}+ .

lbj;rGb| ld>;lrj

b]jl8xf uflj;, wg'iff

k'iknfn 7fs'/;lrj

d'lvofk§L d';x/lgof uflj;, wg'iff

/fdh"t ofbj;lrj

aurf}/f uflj;, wg'iff

lszf]/L ofbj;lrj

afnf afv/ uflj;, wg'iff

lbj;rGb| ld>;lrj

x;k'/ s7k'Nnf uflj;, wg'iff

z+s/gf/fo0f emf;lrj

cf}/xL uflj;, wg'iff

ah/+u rf}w/L;lrj

dfgl;+xk§L uflj;, wg'iff

a|x\db]j /fpt;lrj

wgf}hL uflj;, wg'iff

dx]Gb| l;+x;lrj

vl/ofgL uflj;, wg'iff

rGb|b]j ofbj;lrj

anaf uflj;, dxf]Q/L

gfu]Zj/ ofbj;lrj

;'Gb/k'/ uflj;, dxf]Q/L

ljho dxf;]7;lrj

;'uflgsf; uflj;, wg'iff

ljho dxf;]7;lrj

anxf s7fn uflj;, wg'iff

rGb|b]j ofbj;lrj

agf}6f uflj;, dxf]Q/L

lszf]/L ofbj;lrj

b]a|f ?k}7f uflj;, wg'iff

/fdk'sf/ ofbj;lrj

;tf]v/ uflj;, wg'iff

z+s/gf/fo0f emf;lrj

;a}nf uflj;, wg'iff

;'/]Gb| 7fs'/;lrj

Os/}lxof uflj;, wg'iff


d] ifM r"= r] = rf] = nf= nL= n"= n] = nf] = c=_ – d] if / flzjfnf] + s] lnP ox dfx z'ebfos gxL+ . dfx s] k"jf{4 d] + kL8f, lju|x–bf] x, wgxflg, : qL si6 tyflk ceo tyf cf+lzs nfe tyf pQ/ fw{ eL si6bfos xL sxf hf ;stf x} t;y{ cfk b'uf{ ;KtztL sf kf7 s/ ] + .

a[ifM -O= p= P=cf] =af= lj= a'= j] =jf] =_ – a[if / flzjfnf] + s] lnP ox dfx dWod kmnbfos / x] uf . dfx s] k"jf{4 d] + ;fdfGotof si6 tyf zf] s xf] t] x'P eL ;'v, wg k|flKt tyf ljho xf] uL k/ Gt' pQ/ fw{ ljz] if nfebfos gxL+ tyflk e|d0f of] u bz{gLo x} . cfk s] lnP …ç gdM lzjfoÚ sf hfk nfes/ l;4 xf] uf .

ldy'gM s= ls= s'= 3= ª= 5= s] = sf] = x_ – ldy'g / flzjfnf] + s] lnP ox dfx ldl>t kmnbfos x} . dfx s] k"jf{4 d] + hxfF dfgl;s tgfj, zq' j[l4 tyf / f] u x} , jxL+ dfgj[l4 tyf wgk|flKt xf] uL tyf pQ/ fw{ d] + clws Joo cf} / zq'cf] + ;] ;fjwfgL jt{gL xf] uL . k/ Gt' cGttM ljho xf] uL cfks] lnP lji0f';x: qgfd sf kf7 nfes/ xf] uf .

ss{M lx= x'= x] = xf] = 8f= 8L= s'= s] = sf] _ – ss{ / flzjfnf] + s] lnP ox dfx dWod x} , dfx s] k"jf{4 d] + nfe, ceo, wgk|flKt k/ Gt' dfgxflg tyf z q'j[l4 sL ;Defjgf x} . tyf pQ/ fw{ cfk s] lxt d] + gxL+ tyflk k'q;'v t;y{ cfk lji0f';x: qgfd sf kf7 s/ ] + .

l;+xM df= ld= d'= d] = df] = 6f= l6= 6'= 6] _ – l;+x / flzjfnf] + s] lnP ox dfx ;dfGotof z'ebfos x} dfx s] k"jf{4 d] + wgk|flKt, cfsl: ds nfe, k/ Gt' lrGtf tyf Jofs'ntf xf] uL . pQ/ fw{ d] + wgj[l4 M ;'v, rf} kfof nfe k/ Gt' dfgxflg tyf zq'j[l4 xf] uL . t;y{ xg'dfg rfnL;f kf7 s/ ] + .

sGofM z] = if= kL= k"= if= 0f= 7= k] = kf] _ – sGof / flzjfnf] + s] lnP ox dfx z'ebfos gxL+ dfx s] k"jf{4 d] eo, zq'j[l4, xflg, si6 tyflk wgk|flKt xf] uL tyf pQ/ fw{ eL ptgL z'ebfos gxL+ k/ Gt' cGttM ljho k|flKt xf] uL cfk s] lnP u'? pkf;gf tyf æç j[+ j[x: kto] gdMÆ hfk s/ ] + .

t'nfM / f=l/ =?=/ ] =/ f] =tf=tL=t'=t] _ –t'nf / flzjfnf] + s] lnP ox dfx ;fdfGotof z'ebfos x} dfx s] k"jf{4 d] + : yfg xflg, si6 xf] t] xP eL wgk|flKt, pGglt tyf sfo{ l;l4 xf] uL j} ;] xL pQ/ fw{ eL cfk s] lxt d] + x} k/ Gt' c1ft eo agf / x] uf t;y{ cfk b'uf{ ;KtztL sf kf7 s/ ] + .

j[lZrsM tf] gf= lg= g'= gf] = of= lo= o'_ – j[lZrs / flzjfnf] + s] lnP ox dfx si6bfos x} k/ Gt' k"jf{4 d] + lsl~rt ;'v tyf wd{k/ fo0f tyf pQ/ fw{ sf] O{ eL b[li6 ;] z'e gxL+ t;y{ cfk lzjk"hg tyf u'? pkf;gf s] ;fy dftf–lktf sL ;] jf s/ ] + .

wg'M o=of] =ef=eL=e"=w=km=9= e] =_– wg' / flzjfnf] + s] lnP ox dfx ldl>t kmnbfos x} dfx s] k"jf{4 d] wgk|flKt, nfe, ;'v, cfo'j[l4 k/ Gt' zq'j[l4 xf] uL tyf pQ/ fw{ cfk s] lnP lxts/ gxL+ t;y{ ;"o{ tyf xg'dfg cf/ fwgf s/ ] + .

ds/ M ef] = hf= hL= h'= h] = hf] = v= lv= v'= vf] = uf= uL_ – ds/ / flzjfnf] + s] lnP ox dfx clt z'ebfos x} , dfx s] k"jf{4 d] + wgk|flKt, dfgj[l4, ;'v tyf sfo{l;l4 sf of] u x} tyflk sfo{If] q d] + ;ts{ / x] + tyf pQ/ fw{ d] + wgk|flKt, ;'v, cfo'j[l4 tyf rf} kfof nfe xf] uf k/ Gt' zf/ Ll/ s si6 sf] gsf/ f gxL+ hf ;stf t;y{ …ç gdM lzjfoÚ sf hfk nfes/ xf] uf .

s'DeM u'=u] =uf] =;f=;L=;'=;] =;f] =b_ – s'De / flzjfnf] s lnP ox dfx dWod x} , dfx s] k"jf{4 d] hxfF ;'v, nfe xf] uf, jxL+ wd{xflg / f] u zf] s sf] gsf/ f gxL+ hf ;stf tyf pQ/ fw{ d] + dgd'6fj tyf cfly{s sdhf] / L s] afah"b eL ;'v tyf sfo{l;l4 xf] uL cfk s] lnP ;'Gb/ sf08 sf kf7 nfes/ xf] uf .

dLgM -bL=b'=y=em=`=b] =bf] =bL=r=rL_ – dLg / flzjfnf] + s] lnP ox dfx dWod x} , dfx s] k"jf{4 d] + kL8f, zf] s, Joo, zq'eo tyflk k'q;'v tyf cf+lzs nfe xf] uf pQ/ fw{ eL nfebfos gxL+ sxf hf ;stf t;y{ …ç j[+ j[x: kto] gdMÚ sf hfk s/ ] + .

-ox / flzkmn ! dfr{ ;] n] s/ #! dfr{ ts nfu" xf] uf_/ flzkmn k|: t't / flzkmn ! cS6"a/ ;]

#) cS6"a/ ts nfu" xf] uf

n] vsM k+=Hof] = x/ ] s[i0f emf -Hof] ltiffrfo{_df] = g= (*$$)&@!(^, sf7df+8"

lahofbzdL, z'ebLkfjnL tyf 57 kj{ @)&! s] kfjg cj;/ k/ ;Dk"0f{ cleefjs, ljBfyL{ tyf z'elrGts

tyf b] zjfl;of] + d] + ;'v, zflGt, ;d[l4 Pj+ pQ/ f] Q/ k|ult s] lno] + xflb{s

d+undo z'esfdgf AoQm s/ t] x} + .

chos'df/ ;fxlk|lG;kn

South point Boarding Schoolkmf]g g+=M )$!–%@@$*#, %#)$*#

yfkfrf]s -j+zLrf]s_hgsk'/–(, wg'iff

@& ;fn ;] lg/Gt/ ;]jf d]+

cflbjf;L, hghflt, dlxnf, dw]zL, a/f]huf/ o'jfx?sf nflu

tkzLn tflnd sfo{qmd ;~rfngdf NofpFb} u/]sf] Joxf]/f

kz'kfns s[ifsx?df cg'/f]w ub{5' . tkzLnM != u|fld0f kz':jf:Yo sfo{stf{ tflnd@= Joj;flos s'v'/f tflnd

u|fld0f ;|f]t ;fwg ljsf; s]Gb|(A venue for training Package)

kmf]g g+M )$!– %@$$^*hgsk'/ gu/kflnsf–( hgsk'/wfd, wg'iff

57lxdflngLgjDa/ @)!$ 55lxdflngL gjDa/ 2014

ef/ tLo gflosf / jLgf 6+8g xfn xL d] + sf7df+8" cfO{ yL . g] kfn / Tg tyf cfe"if0f ;+3 åf/ f cfof] lht sfo{qmd d] + ;xefuL xf] s/ g] kfnL df} lns cfe"if0ff] + sf] k|j4{g s/ g] s] lnP jx g] kfn cfO{ yL . p;L df} s] k/ s'5 g] kfnL gflosf, df‘8n tyf ;'Gbl/ of] + g] pgs] ;fy df‘8lnª s/ g] sf cj;/ k|fKt sL .

/ jLgf s] ;fy ¥ofk d] + cfg] sf cj;/ k|fKt s/ g] jfnL g] kfnL snfsf/ f] + d] + ld; g] kfn ;'lag lnDa', k"j{ ld; g] kfn ;bLIff >] i7, dlngf hf] zL, cleg] t[ lk|o+sf sfsL{, / Ldf ljZjsdf{ cf} / ;l~rtf n'OF6] n yL . O;L t/ x df‘8n gLlt zfx cf} / gUdf >] i7 tyf a} +s/ / ljgf b] z/ fh g] eL pg nf] uf] + sf ;fy lbof . b] lvP p; sfo{qmd sL s'5 emnlsofF–

dgf]/+hg

/ jLgf s] ;fy g] kfnL l;tf/ f] + sf df‘8lnª

Hindi magazine November 2014

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Transcript of Hindi magazine November 2014