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;+ljwfg lgdf{0f sf k|d'v bfloTj sf+u|] ;, Pdfn] , Pdfcf] jfbL, dw] zL bnf] + s] pmk/ x} . n] lsg Og bnf] + s] rl/ q d] + ceL ts sf] O{ kl/ jt{g gxL+ cfof x} . Ogs] aLr sf ljjfb 36g] s] ahfP lbgfg'lbg a9Þtf hf / xf x} . OgsL dfgl;stf d] + sf] O{ kl/ jt{g gxL+ cfof x} . cu/ P] ;f xL / xf tf] ;+ljwfg ag hfg] s] afb eL Sof km/ s k8Þ] uf < sxg] sf] tf] ceL eL xdf/ ] kf; cGtl/ d ;+ljwfg tf] x} xL . la|6g] h} ;f b] z lagf ;+ljwfg s] xL ;kmntfk"j{s k|hftflGqs Joj: yf sf ;~rfng s/ / xf x} , ha ts xd ckgL ;f] r gxL+ abn] +u] , ta ts ;+ljwfg xdf/ ] lnP Ps sfuh s] 6's8Þ] ;] clws s'5 gxL+ xf] uf . b] z ceL Oltxf; s] uDeL/

df] 8Þ k/ v8Þf x} . @)^@÷^# sf ljzfn hgcfGbf] ng, zflGt k|lqmof, ;+ljwfg;ef sf lgjf{rg tyf u0ftGq sL : yfkgf s] kl/ 0ffd: j¿k b] z d] + hf] kl/ jt{g sL nx/ cfO{ x} , ha ts xd ;+ljwfg gxL+ agf n] t] , ta ts O;s] uGtJo ts gxL+ kx'Frf hf ;stf . dw] z hg cfGbf] ng åf/ f : yflkt / fhgLlts zlQm lgik|efjL xf] tL hf / xL x} . b";/ L cf] / sf+u|] ;, Pdfn] sf] lk5n] cfd r'gfj d] + dw] z d] + en] xL s'5 clws ;L6 k|fKt xf] uof xf] , n] lsg dt k|ltzt d] + sf] O{ vf; j[l4 gxL+ x'O{ x} . ox dt dw] z s] lGb|t / fhgLlts bnf] + d] + xL ljeflht x'cf x} . O; sf/ 0f ceL dw] z d] + Ps / fhgLlts l/ Qmtf k} bf xf] uO{ x} . lh;g] ;Ls] / fpt sf] hGdfof x} . dw] zL o'jfcf] + sf] ljz] if s/ O; d] + cfzf sL ls/ 0f gh/ cf / xL x} . ceL lagf ;xL unt sf ljrf/ lsP lj/ f] w s] lnP lj/ f] w s/ g] sL k|j[lQ xfjL x} . sxL+ ;] eL sf] O{ eL k|: tfj cftf x} tf] b";/ f p;sf lj/ f] w s/ g] nu hftf x} . / fhgLlts bn xL O;s] lnP bf] ifL x} + . pGx] + ;xL cf} / unt sf ljrf/ s/ xL sbd p7fgf rflxP . cfhsn k|rf/ sf hdfgf x} . k|rf/ dfWod sf ;xf/ f n] s/ ;xL sf] unt cf} / unt sf] ;xL 7x/ f lbof hftf x} . ;+ljwfg s] k|d'v ljifof] + k/ cfd ;xdlt cf} / k|ltj4tf cfjZos x} . cfjZostf xf] tf] ljz] if1f] + sL eL / fo nL hf ;stL x} . lh;;] cNk;+Vosf] + cf} / dw] lzof] + s] lxtf] + sL / Iff xf] ;s] .

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O; jQmJo d] + ;Gof; ;] Hofbf / fi6«klt agg] sL sfdgf kl/ nlIft xf] tL x} . cu/ P] ;f x'cf tf] g] kfnL sf+u|] ; kf6L{ d] + k|wfgdGqL agg] s] lnP b] pjf sf / f: tf ;fkm xf] hfPuf . n] lsg ox ;a lge{/ xf] uf cfufdL cfd lgjf{rg s] kl/ 0ffd k/ . Pdfn] cWoIf s] kL zdf{ cf] nL sL ckgL xL OR5f cf} / cfsf+Iff x} . ;+ljwfg lgdf{0f s] kZrft\ pgsf eL ;kgf x} ls j] k|wfgdGqL ag] + . df] bL dGq sf k|efj x} of lkm/ s'5 cf} / n] lsg cfhsn ;xdtLo ;+ljwfg lj?4 cf] nL sf ;zQm k|lt/ f] w PsfPs sd xf] uof x} . ceL s] kl/ k|] Io d] + Pg] skf dfcf] jfbL sf] ;+ljwfg agg] ;] ;a;] Hofbf kmfobf ldng] sL ;Defjgf x} n] lsg ox bn ceL ;+ljwfg gxL+ agg] b] g] s] v] n d] + lnKt x} . ;+ljwfg agg] ;] p;] ox kmfobf xf] uf ls jx cfufdL lgjf{rg d] + ckg] Ph] 08Þf sL hLt sL 3f] if0ff s/ cfu] a9Þ ;stf x} . ceL sL l: ylt d] + jx kxn] ;] xL Ps 5f] 6f bn x} cf} / nuftf/ O;s] sfo{stf{ j} B of rGb s] v] df t/ km hf / x] x} + . O;s] s'5 sfo{stf{ Pdfn] sL t/ km eL cfslif{t xf] / x] x} + . ju{ ;+3if{ sf

/ fhgLlts ljrf/ 9Þf] g] jfnf / fhgLlts bn hftLo ;+3Lotf sf kIfw/ ag lrqaxfb'/ s] ;L s] ;fy k|lt: kwf{ d] + nLg x} . Pdfcf] jfbL cu/ ;ft of cf7 k|b] z d] + ;demf} tf s/ nf] stflGqs ;+ljwfg lgdf{0f d] + ;xof] u s/ tf x} tf] eljio d] + p;] O;sf nfe cjZo ldn] uf, cf} / p;sL / fhgLlts cj: yf ;'b[9Þ xf] uL . n] lsg Pdfcf] jfbL sf] ox ;demgf k8Þ] uf ls åGå sL / fhgLlt 5f] 8Þ zflGt sf / f: tf ckgfg] s] sf/ 0f xL p;] kxn] cfd lgjf{rg d] + hLt xfl;n x'O{ yL . n] lsg hgtf sL s;f} 6L k/ v/ f gxL+ pt/ g] s] sf/ 0f b";/ ] cfd lgjf{rg d] + p;] s/ f/ L xf/ sf ;fdgf s/ gf k8Þf . jt{dfg ;Qfwf/ L bn sf+u|] ; cf} / Pdfn] lhtgf eL nf] stGqjfb sf 9Þf] n ahfPF, jf: tljstf oxL x} ls ;/ sf/ , e|i6frf/ , gftfjfb tyf s[kfjfb

d] + lnKt x} . ;fwf/ 0f hgtf lstgL eL Ifdtfjfg Sof] + g xf] , ;/ sf/ d] + p;sL efuLbf/ L Go"g x} . blnt, dlxnf, dw] zL sf] en] xL cf/ If0f ldnf x} , n] lsg ox kof{Kt gxL+ x} . cfjZostf x} , hftLo ljjfb sf] 5f] 8Þ s/ cfly{s cfwf/ k/ sfd s/ g] sL .

;+ljwfg lgdf{0f sf d'Vo bfloTj ;+ljwfg;ef sf x} . ;+ljwfg lgdf{0f

s] ;Gbe{ d] + ;+ljwfg;ef ;fj{ef} d x} . k|wfgdGqL ;+ljwfg;ef sL ;fj{ef} lstf sf / Ifs x} . p;sL e"ldsf Ps ;+of] hs sL x} , lh;;] ;+ljwfg;ef jfb ljjfb d] + gxL+ pnem] . 8f= afa'/ fd e§/ fO{, k'iksdn bfxfn, dfwj g] kfn tyf emngfy vgfn cflb ckg] k|wfgdlGqTj d] + ;+ljwfg lgdf{0f gxL+ s/ f ;s] cf} / Ps c;kmn k|wfgdGqL ;flat x'P . ca b] vgf ox x} ls jt{dfg k|wfgdGqL ;'zLn sf] O/ fnf ckg] sfn d] + ;+ljwfg lgdf{0f s/ f s/ Ps ;kmn k|wfgdGqL sf ;] x/ f kxgt] x} + of lkm/ k"j{ k|wfgdlGqof] + sL t/ x c;kmn k|wfgdGqL sL ;"rL d] + ckgf gfd bh{ s/ ft] x} + . Pdfcf] jfbL cWoIf k'iksdn bfxfn g] tf] ca bxf8Þgf eL z'? s/ lbof x} ls cu/ sf+u|] ; cf} / Pdfn] gxL+ dfg] tf] ;8Þs cfGbf] ng sL z'?cft xf] uL . h} ;] –h} ;] ;+ljwfg hf/ L s/ g] sL tf/ Lv ghbLs cf

/ xL x} , / fhgLlts bnf] + cf} / g] tfcf] + s] aLr ;dembf/ L sL hux b"l/ ofF a9ÞtL hf / xL x} . g] skf Pdfcf] jfbL tyf Pdfn] s] aLr tf] zLto'4 hf/ L x} . bfxfn g] cf] nL sf] b] z sf 7] s] bf/ tyf dxf/ fhflw/ fh ts sL ;+1f b] bL, hals cf] nL sf sxgf x} ls Pdfcf] jfbL sL wdsL a] dfgL x} cf} / O;;] xd nf] u 8Þ/ g] jfn] gxL+ x} . O; kl/ l: ylt d] + ;ef;bf] + sL pbf;Lgtf eL cf;fgL ;] b] vL hf ;stL x} . ;+;b d] + OgsL pkl: ylt gu0o / xtL x} . hgtf g] OGx] + ;+ljwfg lgdf{0f h} ;f dxTjk"0f{ sfo{ s] lnP e] hf x} n] lsg Ogsf] O;;] sf] O{ jf: tf xL gxL+ x} . b] z lkm/ wL/ ] –wL/ ] clglZrtf sL t/ km cu|;/ x} . sdn yfkf Ps t/ km / y ofqf sL t} of/ L d] + x} + tf] b";/ L t/ km k"j{ / fhf 1fg] Gb| t/ fO{ e|d0f d] + Jo: t x} + . aGb cf} / x8Þtfn sL eL 36gfPF z'? xf] r'sL x} + . cGt/ f{i6«Lo ;ef u[x s] sd{rfl/ of] + g] ckgL ;'ljwfPF a9Þfg] s] lnP aGb cf} / x8Þtfn sf ;xf/ f lnof, lh;s] kl/ 0ffd: j¿k ;+ljwfg;ef sL eL sf/ jfxL aflwt x'O{ . k] 6«f] lnod kbfyf] {+ s] d"Nof] + d] + sdL cfg] s] sf/ 0f sf7df+8Þ" sL hgtf ;/ sf/ k/ ef8Þf 36fg] s] lnP bafj agf / xL x} cf} / df+u k"/ f gxL+ xf] g] sL l: ylt d] + x8Þtfn sL wdsL b] / xL x} . ;+ljwfg hf/ L xf] g] d] + ca Ps dxLgf ;] eL sd ;do x} cf} / ljleGg ;+3–;+u7gf] + s] åf/ f ;do k/ ;+ljwfg hf/ L s/ g] s] lnP wgf{ cf} / k|bz{g hf/ L x} . n] lsg ceL eL ljjflbt ljifof] + s] ;DaGw d] + / fhgLlts bnf] + s] aLr ;xdlt gxL+ ag kfO{ x} . P] ;] d] + z+sf pTkGg xf] gf : jfefljs x} ls Sof lgot ;do k/ ;+ljwfg hf/ L xf] kfPuf <

ceL dw] z d] + Ps / fhgLlts l/ Qmtf k} bf xf] uO{ x} .

lh;g] ;Ls] / fpt sf] hGdfof x} . dw] zL o'jfcf] + sf]

ljz] if s/ O; d] + cfzf sL ls/ 0f gh/ cf / xL x} .

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s'df/ ;lRrbfgGb

lk5n] s'5 lbgf] + ;] g] kfn s] / fhg} lts j[Q d] + g hfg] s} ;L–s} ;L rr{fPF hux kftL / xL x} + . kxn] g] kfn s] l;SsdLs/ 0f cf} / e"6fgLs/ 0f sL aft sL hftL yL n] lsg O;;] pmk/ p7s/ s'5 lbg k"j{ o"s] |g sL rrf{ sL hfg] nuL . cfh o"qm] g sL aft eL kL5] k8Þ uO{ cf} / ?cf08Þf sL rrf{ hf] / f] + ;] cfu] a9Þ / xL x} . b] z s] sltko g] tfcf] + åf/ f g] kfn sL cfGtl/ s kl/ l: yltofF ?cf08Þf s] cg's"n atnfoL hf / xL x} . g] skf Pdfn] cWoIf g] kfn sf] ?cf08Þf g agg] b] g] sL aft s/ t] x} + cf} / nuftf/ s/ t] x} + . j} ;] eL cf] nL sL af] nL gsf/ fTdstf s] lnP Voft x} cf} / seL–seL ox a] h'afg of abh'afg sL >] 0fL d] + eL cf hftL x} tyf xf: of: kb eL ag hftL x} . pgsf ox aofg O;L >] 0fL sf dfgf hf ;stf x} . Sof] ls hf] ;+s6 x} gxL+ p;sL kl/ sNkgf s/ xjf d] + xfy lxnfgf of rnfgf ;+t'lnt ldhfh sf sf/ gfdf gxL+ dfgf hf ;stf . j: t'tM cf] nL cfh lh; d'sfd k/ x} + cf} / lh; dxTjfsf+Iff sf jxg s/ / x] x} +, jxfF OgsL o] aft] + k"0f{tM c;fGble{s lbvnfO{ b] tL x} cf} / O;s] åf/ f j] ckgL bl3{sfnLg : jLsfo{tf k/ eL hfg] –cghfg] k|Zg–lrx\g nuf / x] x} + .

ax/ xfn, * ut] df3 ;+ljwfg sf hf/ L xf] gf ;+efljt x} . n] lsg ;xdlt sL zQ{

k/ O;sL ;+efjgf sd x} cf} / lh; k|lqmof d] + hfg] sL aft sL hf / xL x} p;s] åf/ f O;sL ;j{: jLsfo{tf sL ;+efjgfPF eL sd x} + . n] lsg P] ;f sof; nufof hf / xf x} ls ;+ljwfg hf/ L xf] g] s] afb jQ{dfg k|wfgd+qL >L ;'zLn sf] O{/ fnf ld7fO{ sL yfn sL t/ x ;Qf pGx] + x: tfGtl/ t s/ b] +u] . ox kl/ sNkgf dfq pgsL cfjfh sL k|v/ tf lg/ Gt/ a9Þf / xL x} cf} / pgs] d'vf/ laGb ;] hf] aft] + ;fdg] cf / xL x} p;;] : ki6 x} ls g j] oxfF sL cfGtl/ s l: ylt sf] ;xL 9Þu ;] ;dem kf / x] x} + of ;dems/ eL g ;demg] sL d"9Þtf s/ / x] x} + . ox b] z g tf] ?jf08Þf x} cf} / g xL ?jf08Þf xf] ;stf x} , Sof] +ls O;sL ;LdfPF bf] dxfzlStof] + åf/ f e"kl/ j] li7t x} cf} / jxfF sfg"g sf zf;g x} . bf] gf] + sf g] kfn s] ;fy ;DaGw ldqjt x} cf} / O;s] ;DaGw d] + OgsL wf/ 0ffPF ;sf/ fTds x} + . xfF, kfls: tfg of ckmuflg: tfg s] safonL If] qf] + sL t/ x l: ylt cu/ ;Ldfcf] + k/ xf] tL tf] aft s'5 cnu yL . ca ;jfn p7tf x} ls O; t/ x sL c1ft cfz+sfPF Sof] + <

uf} / tna x} ls ?jf08Þf d] + ;g\ !(($ d] + hftLo g/ ;+xf/ x'cf yf cf} / ;f} lbgf] + sL cjlw d] + nueu b; nfv cfbdL df/ ] uP y] . d/ g] jfnf] + d] + t'T;L ;d'bfo s] nf] u nueu ;Q/ k|ltzt y] . d/ g] jfnf] + d] + s'5

pbf/ jfbL x't' ;d'bfo s] nf] u eL y] lhgsL xTof dxh O;lnP x'O{ yL ls j] t'T;L ;d'bfo s] k|lt lx+;s gxL+ xf] kfP y] . cfh eL ox b] z hftLo lx+;f ;] d'St gxL+ xf] kfof x} . oBlk cGo ck|mLsL b] z eL O; t/ x sL lx+;f ;] kLl8Þt cf} / k|efljt x'P x} + n] lsg Otgf Jofks k} dfg] k/ g/ ;+xf/ sL 36gf zfob xL sxL+ ldn] . O; lx+;f sf sf/ 0f ;g\ !(^@ d] + : jt+qtf s] afb ul7t ax';+Vos x't' ;d'bfo s] zf;g åf/ f ;[lht lje] b yf . Og nf] uf] + g] / fHo sL ;eL ;+/ rgfcf] + sf] ckg] cg's"n agfg] sL sf] lzz sL yL . xfnft oxfF ts lau8ÞL ls cNk;+Vos t'T;L ;d'bfo s] nf] uf] + sf] cGo b] zf] + d] + eL z/ 0f n] gf k8Þf . O;L hdLg k/ ;z: q ;+3if{ sL z'?cft x'O{ . oBlk ;demf} t] s] k|of; eL x'P cf} / x'P eL . ;fd'bflos cfwf/ k/ zlStof] + sf

ox g] kfn x} ?jf08f gxL+

Ps aft tf] lglZrt x} ls g] kfn sf / fhg} lts Pj+ k|zf;lgs dgf] lj1fg s'5 xb ts ?jf08 Þf sL kl/ l: ylt sf af] w s/ ftf x} cf} / ox c;+tf] if t/ fO{ cfGbf] ng s]

¿k d] + kxn] eL k|: km'l6t xf] r'sf x} .


ljZn]if0f

ljefhg eL x'cf n] lsg ax';+Vos s6\6/ k+yL / fhg] tf, ;} Go clwsf/ L O;] dfgg] s] lnP t} of/ gxL+ y] . O;L k[i7e"ld d] + !(($ sf g/ ;+xf/ x'cf .

Ps aft tf] lglZrt x} ls g] kfn sf / fhg} lts Pj+ k|zf;lgs dgf] lj1fg s'5 xb ts ?jf08Þf sL kl/ l: ylt sf af] w s/ ftf x} cf} / ox c;+tf] if t/ fO{ cfGbf] ng s] ¿k d] + kxn] eL k|: km'l6t xf] r'sf x} . n] lsg s6g] –d/ g] sf ox dgf] lj1fg ceL oxfF gxL+ cf} / eljio d] + eL P] ;L ;+efJotf gxL+ lbvnfO{ b] tL . Sof] +ls hats bf] gf] + xL ldq/ fi6«f] + ;] a] xt/ s"6g} lts ;aGw xdf/ ] x} + ta ts ;+xf/ s xlyof/ cfk"lt{ sf sf] O{ dfWod gxL+ . n] lsg lh; dgf] lj1fg d] + xdf/ L ;/ sf/ cf} / zf;g rn / xf p;d] + clx+;s cfGbf] ng sL ;+efjgf ;] O+sf/ gxL+ lsof hf ;stf . ox ;r x} ls dw] z sL / fhgLlt s/ g] jfn] / fhg} lts bn dw] z sL ;+j] bgfcf] + sf ;Ifd ¿k d] + jxg gxL+ s/ kfP x} +, n] lsg pGx] + cfwf/ z"Go eL gxL+ dfgf hf ;stf . lkm/ P] ;] eL tTj sf ;dfj] z dw] z sL / fhgLlt d] + ;dfj] z xf] r'sf x} hf] : jt+q dw] z sL aft s/ t] x} . sn ts pgs] kL5] lugtL s] nf] u y] . cfh pgsL tfbfb xhf/ f] + d] + kx'Frg] nuL x} . cu/ pgs] ;dy{s nfvf] + d] + kx'Fr hfPF, j] l;/ k/ clx+;s ¿k ;] xL ;xL, skmg afFw n] tf] xfnft cnu xf] ;st] x} + .

ca ;jfn p7tf x} ls oxfF sL / fhgLlt d] + zLif{: y / fhg] tfcf] + åf/ f Sof] + ?jf08Þf sL aft sL hftL x} cf} / j} ;L xfnt g kgkg]

b] g] sf bfjf lsof hftf x} < hals g j] xfnft x} + cf} / g xL j} ;L ;+efjgf . uf} / tna x} ls ?jf08Þf s] O; g/ ;+xf/ sf] c+hfd zf;s ju{ åf/ f lbof uof yf . lkm/ ;jfn ox p7tf x} ls Sof g] kfn s] zf;sju{ O;

t/ x s] aofg hf/ L s/ ljk/ Lt / fhg} lts ljrf/ wf/ f s] nf] uf] + sf] ox ;+b] z b] gf rfxt] x} + ls pgs] g] t[Tj d] + O; t/ x sL 36gf gxL+ 36] uL, ox / fi6« s] lnP s[kf sf ljifo x} of O;s] åf/ f j] cfufdL ;+ljwfg d] + ckgL dfFuf] + sf] ;+af] lwt g xf] g] k/ c;+tf] if k|s6 s/ g] jfnf] + s] k|lt efjL bdg sf ;+s] t b] / xL x} . Ps aft tf] lglZrt x} ls ;3Lotf cf} / zf;sLo : j¿k h} ;] d'2] k/ ;xdlt ag kfg] sL ;+efjgf laNs'n gxL+ x} . k|lqmof d] + hfg] sL aft hf] / zf] / ;] sL hf / xL x} . n] lsg ox eL to x} ls Og d'2f] + sf] ;'nemfP lagf cu/ ;+ljwfg hf/ L x'cf tf] cj: yf hl6n xf] uL cf} / xfnft lau8Þ ;st] x} + .

Ps aft tf] ls ;+ljwfg g] kfn d] + ax'k|ltlIft x} cf} / O;sf hf/ L xf] gf b] z sf] ;+qmd0fsfn ;] lgsfng] s] lnP cfjZos

x} . n] lsg cfwf–cw"/ f, dxTjk"0f{ d'2f] + sf] ;'nemfP lagf au} / ;xdlt l;km{ ;Qf s] x: tfGt/ 0f s] lnP ;+ljwfg hf/ L xf] tf x} tf] O;] / fhg} lts b'/ fu|x xL sxf hfPuf cf} / ox / fi6« s] lnP ls;L eL ¿k d] + ljwfoL gxL+

xf] ;stf . g] kfn d] + ;+ljwfg hf/ L s/ g] s] lnP ;xdlt

lstgf cfjZos x} O; aft sf ;+s] t

ef/ t s] k|wfgd+qL >L g/ ] Gb| df] bL g] ckg]

lk5n] bf} / ] d] + xL lsof yf cf} / ;asf] ;d] 6 s/ rng]

sL g;Lxt bL yL . n] lsg ox ;'emfj xdf/ L / fhgLlt s]

lnP ;'kfRo gxL+ x'cf cf} / O;s] v08Þg s] lnP cfGtl/ s : t/

k/ cg] s ts{–s'ts{ lbP uP . n] lsg rLg s] åf/ f eL O;L t/ x s]

;'emfj cfP x} + cf} / pGxf] +g] eL ;femf laGb' vf] hg] sL aft sxL x} . rLgL ljb] z d+qL g] ckgL sf7df08Þ" ofqf s] bf} / fg lgwf{l/ t ;do d] + ;+ljwfg cfg] sL aft tf] sxL xL n] lsg k|d'v bnf] + s] g] tfcf] + sf] ;xdlt s] laGb' tnfzg] sf ;'emfj lbof . n] lsg …lag o4] g s] zjMÚ s] dgf] lj1fg ;] u'h/ tL xdf/ L ;/ sf/ cf} / p;d] + zfldn bn Og ;f/ L aftf] + sL pk] Iff s/ Ps b'/ fu|x sL cf] / nuftf/ cu|;/ x} .

;+3Lotf hf] ;+ljwfg lgdf{0f sL ca ts sL ofqf d] + un] sf kmfF; ags/ pe/ L x} p;s] ;Gbe{ d] + dw] lzof] + cf} / cflbjf;L hghfltof] + sL ckgL JofVof x} cf} / ;/ sf/ tyf p;d] + ;xeflutf b] / x] bnf] + sL ckgL . ;r ox x} ls s'5 ;d'bfo s] nf] uf] + g] : jo+ sf] / fHo åf/ f zf] lift cf} / pk] lIft dx;";

cfh sf hf] / fhg} lts kl/ j] z x} p;s] cg';f/

;/ sf/ d] + ;xefuL bf] gf] + xL / fhg} lts bn k|an ;+3Lotf lj/ f] wL s] ¿k d] + ckgL 5lj k|: t't s/ / x] x} . g] skf Pdfn] tf] k|ant/ ¿k d] + . O; b[li6 ;] g] kfnL sfFu|] ; g] skf Pdfn] s] lk5nUu" sL e"ldsf d] + gh/ cftL x} .

;+3Lotf hf] ;+ljwfg lgdf{0f sL ca ts sL ofqf d] + un] sf kmfF; ags/ pe/ L x} p;s] ;Gbe{

d] + dw] lzof] + cf} / cflbjf;L hghfltof] + sL ckgL JofVof x} cf} / ;/ sf/ tyf p;d] + ;xeflutf b] / x] bnf] + sL ckgL . ;r ox x} ls s'5

;d'bfo s] nf] uf] + g] : jo+ sf] / fHo åf/ f zf] lift cf} / pk] lIft dx;"; lsof x} – rfx] / fht+qfTds

Joj: yf xf] of k|hftf+lqs .

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ljZn]if0f

lsof x} – rfx] / fht+qfTds Joj: yf xf] of k|hftf+lqs . O;lnP cfufdL ;+ljwfg d] + kxrfg ;lxt sL ;+3Lotf pgsL k|fylds dfFu ag s/ pe/ L x} . du/ ;+3Lotf s] O; ;"q d] + zf;s ju{ ljv08Þ0f sL 5fof b] vt] x} + . ox eL ;r x} ls 5f] 6] –5f] 6] hftLo / fHo ;|f] t, ;+;fwg cf} / cfly{s ;+efJotf sL b[li6 ;] cfbz{ gxL+ xf] ;st] n] lsg leGg kxrfg jfn] If] qf] + sf] ;xdlt s] cfwf/ k/ Ps O{sfO{ d] + cfa4 lsof hf ;stf x} . O;s] lnP ;xdlt sL cfjZostf x} . n] lsg xdf/ L b'/ fu|x–efjgf Otgf k|an x} ls ca ts xdg] O; lbzf d] + sbd xL gxL+ a9Þfof cf} / hfg] –cghfg] b] z sf] Ps clglZrttf, cl: y/ tf cf} / åGå sL cf] / ws] n / x] x} + .

cfh ;/ sf/ d] + zfldn bn cf} / pmk/ L : t/ s] / fhgLltsdL{ hf] ;+3Lotf sf lj/ f] w s/ / x] x} + cf} / kxrfg ;lxt sL ;+3Lotf sL dfFu sf] w"ldn s/ g] s] lnP pQ/ –blIf0f / fHof] + sf ljefhg s/ g] sf ts{ b] / x] x} +, pg;] k"5f hfgf rflxP ls cu/ k+rfotL Joj: yf s] sfn sf] 5f] 8Þ eL lbof hfP tf] k|hftf+lqs sfn cf} / hgfGbf] ng–@ s] afb eL / fhg} lts k|zf;lgs lqmofsnfkf] + d] + Sof] + gxL+ pGxf] +g] ox ;+b] z b] g] sf k|of; lsof ls …b] z sL ;f/ L hgtf cf} / ;f/ f ;d'bfo ;dfg x} . / fHo ;asf x} cf} / ;as] lnP x} . g] kfn Ps 5f] 6f b] z x} cf} / 5f] 6] –5f] 6] v08Þf] + d] = O;] ljeflht s/ gf g tf] plrt x} cf} / g xL j} 1flgs . O;lnP xd ;a ;dfgtf s] cfwf/ k/ Ps 5t/ L s] gLr] cf} / Ps OsfO{ s] ¿k d] + / x ;st] x} + .Ú sxf hf ;stf x} ls clehfTojfbL ljrf/ wf/ f, cltjfbL / fhg} lts lrGtg cf} / cb"/ lz{tf s] sf/ 0f xd O; cj: yf d] + kx'Fr] x} cf} / cfh eL xdf/ L / fhgLlt p;L lbzf d] + cu|;/ x} .

cfh dw] z ;] ;DalGwt dfFuf] + s] ;Gbe{ d] + hf] JofVof–ckJofVof k|: t't sL hf / xL x} p;s] d"n d] + dw] zL bnf] + sf ljrng cf} / lbzfxLg / fhgLlt x} . dw] z sL / fhg} lts bnf] + sL ;a;] a8ÞL ;d: of ox x} ls j] cfh eL p; dw'df; sL dgMl: ylt ;] u'h/ / x] x} + lh;sf ;'v pGxf] +g] k|yd ;+ljwfg;ef s] sfo{sfn d] + ef] uf yf . cfh kl/ l: yltofF abnL x} + cf} / ul0ftLo ;dLs/ 0f pgs] kIf d] + gxL+ x} . O;s] cltl/ St ;/ sf/ of zf;g t+q åf/ f pk] Iff sf bafa eL pgk/ ax't ux/ f x} . n] lsg kl/ l: yltof] + sL ox hl6ntf eL g tf] OGx] + ;+ul7t xf] g] sL k|] / 0ff b] kfoL cf} / g xL sf] O{ ;+o'St Ph] 08Þf xL Ogs] åf/ f k|sfz d] + cfof x} . oBlk ef/ t s] k|wfgd+qL df] bL s] cfudg ;] k"j{ ;+o'St nf] stf+lqs dw] zL

df] rf{ s] k'ghL{ljt xf] g] sL aft k|sfz d] + cfoL du/ O;sL sf] O{ ;lqmo sfo{–lbzf ca ts k|sfz d] + gxL+ cfO{ x} . dw] zL / fhgLlt sL oxL oyfl: yltjfbL k|j[lQ g] kfn sL / fhgLlt d] + dw] z s] lnP k|lts"n / fhg} lts lrGtg sf] k|f] T;flxt s/ tL x} . dw] zL bnf] + sL / fhg} lts lbzfxLgtf, : jfy{k/ stf cf} / cj;/ jflbtf pgsL / fi6«Lo kxrfg ag r'sL x} . O;lnP cfwf–cw"/ f ;+ljwfg hf/ L xf] g] k/ dw] z d] + p7g] jfn] c;+tf] if s] / Iffsjr s] ¿k d] + dw] zL bnf] + sf] ;/ sf/ d] + zfldn xf] g] sf cfd+q0f lbof hf / xf x} cf} / s'5

g] tf O;d] + ;'v{¿

n] / x] x} + . du/ O;s] åf/ f j] dw] z sf] Sof ;+b] z b] +u] , O; aft sf] jxL av"aL hfgt] x} + .

cfh sf hf] / fhg} lts kl/ j] z x} p;s] cg';f/ ;/ sf/ d] + ;xefuL bf] gf] + xL / fhg} lts bn k|an ;+3Lotf lj/ f] wL s] ¿k d] + ckgL 5lj k|: t't s/ / x] x} . g] skf Pdfn] tf] k|ant/ ¿k d] + . O; b[li6 ;] g] kfnL sfFu|] ; g] skf Pdfn] s] lk5nUu" sL e"ldsf d] + gh/ cftL x} . O;lnP pQ/ –blIf0f ;ft / fHof] + sf ;+o'St dfglrq pGxf] +g] hf/ L lsof x} . jf: tj d] + ;+3Lotf sL dfFu sf ox nIo sydlk gxL+ yf . n] lsg ;/ sf/ cf} / zf;g O; aft ;] k"/ L t/ x cgle1 x} ls k"j{ d] + cg] s r/ 0ff] + d] + cg] s bnf] + ;] lsP x'P ;+lw–;demf} t] eL x} + . cu/ O;sL pk] Iff sL hftL x} tf] O;;] ls;L g ls;L

¿k d] + ;/ sf/ sL ljZj;gLotf eL vl08Þt xf] tL x} . cfh bf] bnf] + sf] ldnfs/ k|fKt x'P bf] ltxfO{ ax'dt sf] cfwf/ agfs/ ;+ljwfg d] + hf] dfgb08Þ to lsP hf / x] x} +, p;;] c;Gt'i6 pgs] eL dtbftf x} ++ hf] cj;/ ldng] k/ ;Qf s] ;dLs/ 0f abn ;st] x} + . cfh hf] bn xflzo] k/ x} + sn d'Vo wf/ f d] + cf ;st] x} + . O;lnP p7L x'O{ dfFuf] + sL pk] Iff cf} / b'/ fu|x sf sf] O{ cfwf/ gxL+ . O;sf j} 1flgs ;dfwfg 9F"9gf xL O; ;+qmd0f sfn d] + a'l4dQf x} .

g] skf dfcf] jfbL cfh : jo+ sf] ylst dx;"; s/ / x] x} +, Sof] +ls g] kfn sL d'Vowf/ f sL / fhgLlt d] + kl/ jQ{g sf ;+jfxs ags/ j] cfP . n] lsg cfh ;Qf oyfl: yltjflbof] + s] xfy d] + x} cf} /

;+ljwfg lgdf{0f s] lnP hfb'O{ cfFs8Þf eL pgs] kf; x} . ;/ sf/ sf dgf] efj hfgs/ j] k|an lj/ f] w s] dgf] efj d] + x} . cGo cg] s c;Gt'i6 bn eL pgsf ;fy b] / x] x} + . g] skf dfcf] jfbL s] g] t[Tj

d] + @@ bnf] + s] df] r] { sf] O;L ;Gbe{ d] + b] vf hfgf rflxP . lkm/ j] bnut ljefhg sL kL8Þf eL ef] u / x] x} + . ox ;r x} ls ;+ljwfg ;ef s] eLt/ ckgL dfFu dgjfg] s] lnP OGx] + ck] lIft ax'dt gxL+ n] lsg ;8Þs s] åf/ f OGxf] +g] ;/ sf/ k/ bafa ;[lht s/ g] sf k|of; lsof tf] kl/ l: yltofF pnemM ;stL x} + . Sof] +ls ;/ sf/ sL ;+efljt ;+j} wflgs gLltof] + sf lj/ f] wL cg] s ju{ s] nf] u x} + cf} / ha ox cfu km} n] uL tf] t/ fO{ of kxf8Þ —sf] O{ eL If] q O;;] c5"tf gxL+ / x] uf .

/ fhgLlt l;km{ aofgf] + cf} / ghL/ f] + sf v'nf If] q gxL+, jx tsf] {+ cf} / s'tsf] {+ sf cvf8Þf eL gxL+, jx b'/ fu|x cf} / k"jf{u|x sf sf b+un dfq eL gxL+, oxfF / fi6«sNof0f c} / hgsNof0f sL efjgf ;] k|] l/ t xf] s/ ;do ;fGble{s lg0f{o n] g] xf] t] x} + . b] z ls;L bn dfq sf gxL+, cfd hgtf sf x} cf} / pgsL cfsf+Iffcf] + sf] Ps l;/ ] ;] s'tsf] {+ s] cfwf/ k/ gsf/ b] gf ls;L eL t/ x plrt gxL+ . Oltxf; s] h+un d] + ha seL xd u'h/ t] x} + tf] O;sf cy{ ;To s] , dof{bf s] cf} / k|sfz s] s0ff] + sf] a6f] / gf xL xf] tf x} , aofgf] + sL cfFwL åf/ f / f] zgL s] bLo] sf] a'emfgf gxL+ . O;lnP xdf/ L / fhgLlt sf] lbzf b] g] jfnf] + sf] ;demgf rflxP ls o"qm] g cf} / ?jf08Þf sf Oltxf; xdf/ ] lnP gLlt–lgwf{/ 0f cf} / kl/ dfh{g s] lnP cfjZos x} , l;km{ aofgf] + s] cfwf/ k/ c+wsf/ sf] ux/ fg] s] lnP gxL+ . xd] + ox ;demgf rflxP ls ox g] kfn x} , O;sL ckgL kl/ l: yltofF x} +, ?jf08Þf gxL+ .

dw] zL bnf] + sL / fhg} lts

lbzfxLgtf, : jfy{k/ stf cf} /

cj;/ jflbtf pgsL / fi6«Lo

kxrfg ag r'sL x} .

O;lnP cfwf–cw"/ f ;+ljwfg

hf/ L xf] g] k/ dw] z d] +

p7g] jfn] c;+tf] if s]

/ Iffsjr s] ¿k d] + dw] zL

bnf] + sf] ;/ sf/ d] + zfldn

xf] g] sf cfd+q0f lbof hf

/ xf x} cf} / s'5 g] tf O;d] +

;'v{¿ n] / x] x} + .


cfj/0f

o] r+b zAb gxL+ xfnft x} + g] kfn s] . sdf] j] z cfh x/ g] kfnL Og zAbf] + d] + pnemf x'cf x,}

lsGt' ;a;] clws dw] z, Og zAbf] + s] hfn d] + km+;s/ clglZrttf sL bf} / ;] u'h/ / xf x} . sxL+ lh1f;f x} tf] sxL+ lg/ fzf . nueu to x} ls df3 * sL dWo/ flq d] + hgtf sf] ;+ljwfg ldng] jfnf gxL+ x} . n] lsg Og ;a s] aLr Ps HjnGt

k|Zg hf] pe/ s/ cftf / xf jx x} / fi6«Lotf . ;+3Lotf

s] ;jfn s] ;fy–;fy dw] z sL / fi6«Lotf

k/ eL

k|ZglrXg nutf / xf x} . seL p;s] kxgfj] k/ , seL p;s] / +u ¿k k/ tf] seL efiff sf] xlyof/ agfs/ dw] z cf} / dw] zL hgtf sf] tf} nf hftf / xf x} . Otgf xL gxL+ Og ;as] sf/ 0f pGx] + jiff] {+ ;] dfgl;s qf; ldntL / xL x} . pGx] + af/ –af/ ckg] xL b] z d] + v'b sf] : yflkt s/ g] sL n8ÞfO{ n8ÞtÞL / xgL k8ÞL x} . / fi6«Lotf, ;+3Lotf cf} / ;+ljwfg sxg] sf] o] tLg zAb x} + lsGt', OgsL Jofkstf O; cy{ d] + x} ls ox Ps k"/ ] / fi6« sf] kl/ eflift s/ tf x} . hxfF / fi6«Lotf Ps gful/ s sf] kxrfg b] tL x} , jxL+ ;+3Lotf / fHo sf] dha"tL k|bfg s/ tf x} cf} / ;+ljwfg rfx] lhtgf eL cR5f xf] , p;sL ;kmntf p;sL

zAbfjnL k/ gxL+,

k|To't\ p; efjgf k/ cjnlDat x} lh;;] jx sfof{lGjt sL hftL x} . hgtf s] b\jf/ f, hgtf s] lnP cf} / hgtf sL ;/ sf/ oxL rfxt x/ / fi6« sL ;hu hgtf sf] xf] tL x} . jiff] {+ ;] zf] lift dw] z sf] ;+3Lotf s] lagf ;+ljwfg sL rfxgf gxL+ x} cf} / ha jx ckg] clwsf/ sL JofVof ;Qf cf} / ;/ sf/ ;] rfxtf x} tf] ;jfn p;sL / fi6«Lotf k/ v8Þf lsof hftf x} . ljv08Þg sf bf] if pgs] pmk/ d9Þf hftf x} . p; jSt dw] z sL zxfbt ofb gxL+ / xtL x} . cf] nL h} ;] dxTjfsf+IfL g] tf s] b\jf/ f dw] z s] cl: tTj sf] xL gsf/ lbof hftf x} . g] kfn ;+qmd0f sfn ;] u'h/ / xf x} , x/ If] q ;+j] bgzLn x} cf} / ;Qf sf sQ{Jo x} ls jx ;eL sf] ;+af] wg

s/ ] . P] ;] gfh's If0f d] + lhDd] bf/

/ fi6«Lotf, ;+3Lotf cf} / ;+ljwfg s] e“j/ d] + pnemf dw] z

8f= Zj]tf bLlKt

jiff] {+ ;] zf] lift dw] z sf] ;+3Lotf s] lagf ;+ljwfg sL rfxgf gxL+ x} cf} / ha jx ckg] clwsf/ sL JofVof ;Qf cf} / ;/ sf/ ;] rfxtf x} tf] ;jfn p;sL / fi6«Lotf k/ v8Þf lsof hftf x} . ljv08 Þg sf bf] if pgs] pmk/ d9Þf hftf x} . p; jSt dw] z sL zxfbt ofb gxL+ / xtL x} . cf] nL h} ;] dxTjfsf+IfL g] tf s] b\jf/ f dw] z s] cl: tTj sf] xL gsf/ lbof hftf x} . g] kfn

;+qmd0f sfn ;] u'h/ / xf x} , x/ If] q ;+j] bgzLn x} cf} / ;Qf sf sQ{Jo x} ls jx ;eL sf] ;+af] wg s/ ] . P] ;] gfh's If0f d] + lhDd] bf/ g] tfcf] + s] P] ;] jStJo cf / x] x} + hf] dw] z sL hgtf sf] l;km{ ps;fg] sf sfd s/ / x] x} + cf} / 3/ 3/ d] + ;L=s] =

/ fpt s] k} bf s/ jfg] d] + ckgL cxd\ e"ldsf lgjf{x s/ / x] x} + .

13lxdflngLhgj/L@)!%

cfj/0f

g] tfcf] + s] P] ;] jStJo cf / x] x} + hf] dw] z sL hgtf sf] l;km{ ps;fg] sf sfd s/ / x] x} + cf} / 3/ 3/ d] + ;L=s] = / fpt s] k} bf s/ jfg] d] + ckgL cxd\ e"ldsf lgjf{x s/ / x] x} + . sfg"g tdfzf lsP x'P x} , / f] h ls;L sf] lagf sf/ 0f lu/ km\tf/ lsof hf / xf x} cf} / lkm/ 5f] 8Þ lbof hf / xf x} . ;Qf ox gxL+ b] v / xL x} ls p;sf ox sbd ls;L sf] hL/ f] ;] xL/ f] agfg] d] + lstgf sf/ u/ l;4 xf] / xf x} . p; xL/ f] s] kL5] hgtf sL eL8Þ ox ;flat s/ / xL

x} ls ld6\6L ;] h'8Þf jx zVz cfh dw] z s] lbn d] + ckgL hux agfg] d] + sfdofa xf] r'sf x} . dLl8Þof p;sf k|rf/ gxL+ s/ / xL alNs v'b ;/ sf/ p;] hg–hg ts kx'Frf / xL x} .

;+3Lotf sL df+u cu/ dw] z s/ / xf x} tf] , / fi6«Lotf sxfF ljvl08Þt xf] / xL x} < cGtl/ d ;+ljwfg d] + : ki6 pNn] v

x} , ax'hftLo, ax'eflifs, ax';fF: s[lts ljz] iftfo'St, ;dfg cfsf+Iff cf} / g] kfn sL / fi6«Lo : jtGqtf, cv08Þtf, / fi6«Lo lxt tyf ;d[l4 s] k|lt cf: yfjfg / xs/ Pstf s] ;"q d] + cfa4 / xs/ ;eL g] kfnL hgtf ;dli6 d] + Ps / fi6« x} . O; cj: yf d] + Ps j] z cf} / efiff sf tf] k|Zg xL gxL+ p7tf cf} / ha hfu?stf cfO{ x} tf] ;dfg cfsf+Iff sL k"lt{ tf] hgtf rfx] uL xL . ca cf/ If0f gxL+ clwsf/ sL aft] + x} + . O; cfsf+Iff sf] / fi6«Lotf ;] hf] 8Þs/ dw] z

cf} / dw] zL s] pmk/ zs s/ gf lgZro xL b'ef{Uok"0f{ x} . ;+3Lotf sL dfFu / fi6« sf] tf] 8Þgf gxL+ x} alNs ckg] clwsf/ f] + sf ckg] lxt d] + ;b'kof] u s/ gf x} . cu/ P] ;f gxL+ x'cf tf] ca ts lh; : j/ fh zAb sf k|of] u dfq clwsf/ s] lnP xf] / xf x} sn p;s] : j¿k sf] abng] ;] sf] O{ Ogsf/ gxL+ s/ ;stf x} . obf–sbf ox

;'gg] sf] ldn hftf x} ls cfGbf] ng s] ;do P] h] 08Þf d] + ;+3Lotf zAb yf xL gxL+ . lsGt' / fhg} lts bnf] + sL hf] ;+3Lotf s] lnP k|lta4tf yL p;] gsf/ f eL gxL+ hf ;stf x} . kxrfg s] cfwf/ k/ ;+3Lotf d] + hfg] sL aft yL lsGt' ox cfwf/ b] z s] lnP s'5 ts{;+ut gh/ gxL+ cftf x} . hxfF !@% hflt cf} / !@# efiffcf] + sf k|of] u xf] tf x} jxfF l;km{ hflt cf} / kxrfg s] cfwf/ k/ ;+3Lotf sf ;jfn s'5 ;xL gxL+ nutf . lkmnxfn O; kxrfg zAb sf] kl/ dflh{t s/ ;femf kxrfg cf} / ;Gt'ng s] ;fy ;Da4 s/ s] b] vf hf / xf x} . O;s] kfFr cfwf/ to lsP uP x} +—hfltut jf; sL l: ylt, efiff sf k|of] u, ;f+: s[lts kxrfg, P] ltxfl;stf cf} / ef} uf] lns kl/ l: yltofF . kxrfg zAb sf] ca Og cfwf/ f] + s] ;fy hf] 8Þs/ JofVoflot lsof hf / xf x} cf} / O;] xL cfwf/ dfgs/ ;ft k|b] zf] + sL ;+/ rgf t} of/ sL uO{ x} . lsGt' oxfF eL dw] z sf] sdhf] / s/ g] sL k"/ L t} of/ L x} . hf] k|b] z xd] zf ;] dw] zL If] q / x] x} + pGx] + kxf8Þ s] ;fy hf] 8Þg] sL sf] lzz sL hf / xL x} . k|] ; rf} tf/ L s] sfo{qmd d] + s] =kL=cf] nL g] sxf ls ;+3Lotf aRrf] + sf v] n gxL+ x} , cf} / ef} uf] lns cv08Þtf sf] sdhf] / s/ g] jfnL sf] O{ eL ;xdlt dfGo gxL+ xf] uL . b] z sf] kL5] gxL+ ws] ngf x} alNs cfu] n] hfgf x} cf} / O;s] lnP sd ;] sd k|b] z agfgf xf] uf . lsGt' pGx] + ox tf] ;demgf xL xf] uf ls hxfF k|lqmof of ax'dt sf ;jfn x} jxL+ ;xdlt s] lagf sf] O{ lgisif{ gxL+ lgsn ;stf x} . lkmnxfn df3 * s] db\b] gh/ dw] z sf] 5fjgL d] + kl/ 0ft s/ lbof uof x} x/ hux ;] gf sL 6'sl8ÞofF km} nL x'O{ x} + . Og aftf] + sf] b] vt]

Ps j] z cf} / efiff sf tf] k|Zg xL gxL+ p7tf cf} /

ha hfu?stf cfO{ x} tf] ;dfg cfsf+Iff sL k"lt{ tf]

hgtf rfx] uL xL . ca cf/ If0f gxL+ clwsf/ sL aft] +

x} + . O; cfsf+Iff sf] / fi6«Lotf ;] hf] 8 Þs/ dw] z cf} /

dw] zL s] pmk/ zs s/ gf lgZro xL b'ef{Uok"0f{ x} .

;+3Lotf sL dfFu / fi6« sf] tf] 8Þgf gxL+ x} alNs ckg]

clwsf/ f] + sf ckg] lxt d] + ;b'kof] u s/ gf x} .


cfj/0f

x'P ox tf] : ki6 xf] / xf x} ls bjfa s] txt ;+ljwfg nfu' s/ g] sL sf] lzz sL hf / xL x} . lk5n] lbgf] + d] + cf] nL s] hf] eL jStJo cf / x] x} + p;;] dw] z s] k|lt sf] O{ cR5] ;+b] z k|;fl/ t gxL+ xf] / x] x} + .

ljZj sL cfFv] + g] kfn sL cf] / nuL x} . ;+ljwfg lgdf{0f s] cfsfz k/ clglZrttf s] afbn d+8Þ/ f / x] x} + . 5M bzs ;] eL nDaL k|tLIff g] kfnL hgtf g] sL x} cf} / ;+ljwfg lgdf{0f s] lnP 5M jiff] {+ sf nDaf k|of; eL x} k/ lkmnxfn s'5 k|flKt sL cfzf gxL+ lbv / xL x} . lk5n] ;+ljwfg ;ef s] lj36g sL 5fof O; ;+ljwfg;ef k/ eL b[li6uf] r/ xf] / xL x} cf} / sf/ 0f x} cfh sL / fhgLlt d] + JofKt c/ fhstf, cl: y/ tf cf} / lbzfxLg ;f] r . ;QflnK;f O; sb/ xfjL x} ls ;+ljwfg lgdf{0f ;] Hofbf g] tfu0f O; ;f] r d] + clws nu] x} + ls sf] O{/ fnf s] afb k|wfgd+qL sf} g ag] uf cf} / / fi6«klt sL ub\bL ls;] ldn] uL . dw] zL bnf] + sL eL xfnt oxL x} , pGx] + eL s';L{ sL bf} 8Þ xL Kof/ L x} . ;+ljwfg ;xdlt sf b: tfj] h xf] tf x} k/ O; ;xdlt sf] h'6fg] d] + ;f/ f ;do u'h/ uof cf} / xfy d] + sf] O{ pknlAw gxL+ x} . sfFu|] ; cf} / Pdfn] sf hf] gf6sLo : j¿k pe/ s/ cf / xf x} jx b] z sf] b\jGw d] + ws] ng] s] lnP kof{Kt x} . ;+ljwfg lgdf{0f s] ;DaGw d] + ;+3Lotf, zf;sLo : j¿k, lgjf{rg k|0ffnL cf} / Gofo k|0ffnL ;] ;DalGwt ljifof] + d] + c;xdlt x} . ;+3Lotf s] ;Gbe{ d] + / fHo sL k'g;{+/ rgf s] kZrft\ ;+3Lo k|b] z sL ;+Vof lstgL xf] uL cf} / Sof gfd / v] hfPFu] , k|b] zf] + sL ;Ldf sf lgwf{/ 0f s} ;] xf] uf Og ;f/ L aftf] + d] + ;xdlt gxL+ xf] kfO{ x} . sfFu|] ; cf} / Pdfn] g] hf] k|: tfj ;fdg] / vf x} , p;d] + k+rfotsfnLg !$ c+rn sf] & c+rn d] + ;d] 6f uof x} . ox P] ;f k|: tfj x} hf]

ls;L eL t/ x ;] kxrfg, : jfoQf, lje] b cf} / pTkL8Þg sf] ;Daf] lwt gxL+ s/ tf x} . dw] zL hgtf, hf] k|ult rfxtL x} , jiff] {+ ;] x'P lje] b sf cGt rfxtL x} cf} / lh;s] lnP dw] z sL ld6\6L g] alnbfg lbP x} +, Og ;f/ L efjgfcf] + sf O; k|: tfj d] + sxL+ ;Ddfg gxL+ x} . ox lk5nL ;f] r sL k'g/ fj[lQ xL x} . kxn] ;+ljwfg ;ef d] + / fHo k'g;{+/ rgf s] ;Gbe{ d] + kxrfg sf] k|fyldstf b] t] x'P hftLo cf} / If] qLo pTkL8Þg cf} / lje] b sf cGt s/ : jfoQ k|b] z s] lgdf{0f k/ an lbof uof yf cf} / ;fy xL k|b] zf] + sf] : jzf;g d] + cfwfl/ t xf] g] tyf zlStzfnL xf] g] k/ ljz] if Wofg lbof uof yf . O; cfwf/ sf] / vs/ ;+3Lo k|b] zf] + sf lgdf{0f s/ t] ;do ;+Vof cf} / ;Ldf s] ljifo d] + b] z s] eLt/ hftLo cf} / If] qLo ¿k d] + jiff] {+ ;] lje] b cf} / pTkL8Þg s] lzsf/ hflt cf} / If] q sf} g sf} g ;] x} +, Og ljifof] + k/ Wofg lbof hfgf rflxP . cu/ P] ;f xf] tf x} tf] : jfefljs ¿k ;] hftLo, If] qLo pTkL8Þg cf} / lje] b sf lzsf/ dw] z cf} / dw] zL yf? tyf kxf8Þ

s] lnDa', / fO{, ls/ ft cflbof] + sL ;d: ofcf] + sf ;dfwfg : jtM xf] hfPuf . k/ ox ;f] r sxL+ gxL+ lbv / xL x} .

g] kfnL sfFu|] ; cf} / Pdfn] s] ;femf k|: tfj g] b] z sL / fhgLlt sf] bf] efuf] + d] + afF6 lbof x} —ax'dt cf} / cNkdt . cNkdt sf em'sfj dfcf] jflbof] + sL cf] / xf] gf eL : ki6 ¿k ;] ;fdg] x} . sfFu|] ; cf} / Pdfn] Og bf] gf] + d] + xL dw] z sf] of lkm/ k"/ ] / fi6« sf] ;Daf] lwt s/ g] sL Ifdtf sf cefj x} . g] kfnL / fhgLlt nuftf/ Ps hl6n k|lqmof s] ¿k d] + kl/ jlt{t xf] tf hf / xf x} . / fhgLlt cf} / / fhgLlt1 s] v] n sf] b] v s/ nutf x} ls o] ;+ljwfg lgdf{0f s] k|lt uDeL/ xL gxL+ x} +, a; uDeL/ xf] g] sf lbvfjf s/ / x] x} + . k|lqmof sL / 6 nufs/ cfGbf] ng cf} / pGdfb sf] a9Þfjf lbof hf / xf x} . ;+ljwfg s] ;+s6 sf] b"/ s/ g] sf Psdfq ljsNk x} ;xdlt cf} / O;] xL k/ ] 9s] n s/ ;Qf;Lg ckgL dhL{ nfbg] sL sf] lzz d] + x} +, hf] l;km{ cf} / l;km{ b\jGw sf] hGd b] uf cf} / s'5 gxL+ . en] xL dw] z sf] 5fjgL d] + tAbLn s/ lbof hfo k/ / fv d] + baL lrGuf/ L seL eL cfu sf ?v ks8Þ ;stL x} . ;xdlt xL O;sf ljsNk x} cf} / O;] xL jf] krf gxL+ kf / x] x} + . ox ;r x} ls jf] ax'dt d] + x} + k/ lh; hgtf g] ;Qf d] + cfg] sf clwsf/ lbof cu/ pgsL xL cjx] ngf s/ bL hfo tf] hgtf sL c;Gt'li6 ljs/ fn ¿k n] ;stL x} . hgtf s] b\jf/ f lbP uP cj;/ sf kxn] ;+ljwfg s] xL t/ x c;kmn agfg] sL cf] / cfh sL / fhgLlt cu|;/ xf] r'sL x} . cfh eL pgs] cGb/ ;Qf cf} / zlSt sf xL db xfjL x} . olb df3 * sf] ;+ljwfg nfgf x} ox ;f] r ;Qf kIf cf} / ljkIf bf] gf] + d] + x} tf] ;xdlt sf d;f} bf t} of/ s/ gf xL xf] uf lsGt' lkmnxfn P] ;L sf] O{ ;Defjgf gh/ gxL+ cf / xL x} .

15lxdflngLhgj/L@)!%

ljrf/

Ps sxfjt x} , nfnlrof] + sL j: tL d] + 7u seL e"vf gxL+ d/ tf . ;dsfnLg g] kfnL / fhgLlt d] + sf} g 7u x} cf} /

sf} g nfnrL < O;sf km} ;nf d} + ljåfg kf7sf] + k/ xL 5f] 8Þtf x"F . ax'k|rfl/ t Pj+ ax'k|tLlIft g] kfn sf ;+ljwfg hgj/ L @@ sf] cfg] jfnf x} . b] z s] ;Qfwf/ L / fhgLlts bn g] kfnL sf+u|] ; Pj+ g] skf Pdfn] s] g] tf oxL aft sx / x] x} + . ;+ljwfg;ef d] + ;+Vofan pgs] kIf d] + x} tyf o] bf] gf] + bn cu/ rfx] + tf] P] ;f s/ eL ;st] x} + . k/ Gt' O; d] + pT;fx clws, ljZjf; sd cf} / ;flh; clws lbvfO{ b] / xf x} . zf;sLo k|0ffnL, ;+3Lotf, lgjf{rg k4lt Pj+ ;+j} wflgs cbfnt h} ;] dxTjk"0f{ d'2f] + k/ cfd / fo gxL+ ag kfoL x} . dxh 8Þ] 9Þ–bf] ;Ktfx s] cGb/ pk/ f] Qm d'2f] + k/ Ps / fo ag hfP, P] ;L ;Defjgf b"/ –b"/ ts gxL+ lbvfO{ b] / xL x} . Pdfn] s] g] tf tf] O;] ckg] lnP hLjgd/ 0f sf ljifo agf r's] x} + . ls;L eL sLdt k/ ;+ljwfg hgj/ L @@ d] + xL hf/ L xf] , P] ;f j] rfxt] x} + . n] lsg Pdfn] s] g] tfcf] + sL hNbjfhL s] kL5] s'5 cf} / xL x} . jx x} – ;Qf sf g] t[Tj xlyofgf .

b/ c;n Ps jif{ k"j{ ha g] kfnL sf+u|] ; s] g] tf ;'zLn sf] O/ fnf ox k|of; s/ / x] y] ls Ps jif{ s] cGb/ d] + gofF ;+ljwfg hf/ L s/ g] s] lnP ;eL bnf] + sf ;xof] u cfjZos x} , lnxfhf Sof] + g sd ;] sd Ps jif{ s] lnP xL ;xL, ;/ sf/ d] + ;eL bnf] + sf] n] lnof hfP . k/ Gt' bf] –tLg jif{ ;] ;Qf ;] b"/ / x] Pdfn] kf6L{ sf] ox k;Gb gxL+ yf, lnxfhf p;g] cfFs8Þf] sf c+sul0ft b'?: t s/ g] kfnL sf+u|] ; sf] atfof ls cu/ ;dy{g yf] s efj d] + xL k|fKt xf] / xf xf] tf] v"b/ ] sf af] em Sof] + 9f] of hfP < ;/ n lx;fa sf+u|] ; sf] eL ef uof cf} / Ps jif{ s] afb l;l08Þs] 6 k|0ffnL s] cg';f/ Pdfn] sf] ;/ sf/ sf g] t[Tj b] g] s] lnP kf6L{ t} of/ xf] uO{ . kfFj / fvg] e/ sL hdLg sL tnfz yL Pdfn] sf] . lkm/ p;g] ckgf kfFj k;f/ gf z'? s/ lbof . Pdfn] sf] elnefFtL dfn"d x} ls b] z s] jt{dfg / fi6«klt g] kfnL sf+u|] ; ;dy{s x} + tyf a'/ ] lbgf] d] + / fi6«klt sfof{no xL+ p;s] lnP cfzf sL ls/ 0f eL x} . lnxfhf / fi6«klt sf gofF

lgjf{rg of lkm/ go] l;/ ] ;] ;+ljwfg;ef ;] cg'df] bg s/ fg] sf k|: tfj 8Þfns/ Pdfn] g] sf+u|] ; sL b'MvtL gz k/ xfy 8Þfn bL . abn] d] + Pdfn] sf] sf] O/ fnf dGqLkl/ ifb\ d] + dnfO{bf/ dGqfno k|fKt x'P .

^ dfx s] afb k'gM Pdfn] g] / fi6«klt s] cg'df] bg sf / fu 5] 8Þf . b/ c;n jx sf+u|] ; sf] ox ofb lbnfgf rfx / xf yf ls ca sL af/ L Pdfn] sL x} tyf O; d] + sf] O{ ukmnt g xf] . g] kfnL sf+u|] ; eL ;Qf sf dflx/ lvnf8ÞL x} . ;f] p;g] sx lbof ls cu/ Pdfn] rfx] tf] ;/ sf/ ;] x6 eL ;stL x} k/ Gt' ;+ljwfg s] lgdf{0f x'P lagf ;/ sf/ sf g] t[Tj 5f] 8Þgf sf+u|] ; s] lnP plrt gxL+ xf] uf . Sof] +ls p;s] s+wf] k/ b] z sL lhDd] bf/ L x} tyf O; lhDd] bf/ L ;] jx d'Fx km] / gxL+ ;stL . Pdfn] s] g] tfcf] + g] bzx/ f tf] ls;L t/ x latf lnof, k/ Gt' lbkfjnL Pj+ 57 s] / f} gs sf] j] lkmsf gxL+ dgfgf rfxt] y] . lnxfhf p;g] Pdfcf] jfbL ;lxt dw] zL

g] tfcf] + sf] rfo k] a'nfof n] lsg tLg rf/ ;fn s] cGt/ fn xf] hfg] s] sf/ 0f Pdfn] s] g] tf u0f O; aft sf] e"n uP ls dw] zL g] tfcf] + sf] rfo d] + clws lrgL eftL gxL+ x} . Sof] +ls sltko g] tf dw'd] x ;] kLl8Þt eL x} lkm/ eL clVtof/ s] 7] +uf sf 8Þ/ x} ;f] cnu ;] . Pdfn] g] ;dy{g kfg] s] rSs/ d] + sfkmL ld7L rfo lknf bL, lnxfhf rfo sf k|f] u|fd k|efjxLg ;flat x'cf . bfn d] + sfnf b] v g] kfnL sf+u|] ; g] ckgf d] Go' eL e] h lbof . hflx/ x} Pdfcf] jfbL Pj+ dw] zjfbLbnf] + sf] nuf ca PsfbzL j|t s/ g] h} ;L aft gxL+ / xL .

Pdfcf] jfbL Pj+ dw] zjfbL sf] dgfg] s] rSs/ d] + Pdfn sf …ltxf/ Ú eL lkmsf / xf . lnxfhf Pdfn s] cWoIf cf] nL g] ckgf zAbsf] if b'?: t lsof . Pdfcf] jfbL Pj+ dw] zjfbL bnf] + k/ bafj agfg] s] b[li6sf] 0f ;] hgj/ L @@ sf vf} km lbvfg] nu] ls ;+ljwfg ls;L eL cj: yf d] + xf] , h¿/ cfj] uf . Pdfn] sf] nuf ls lag' eo xf] P g k|Llt . t'n;L

bf; sL ox k+lQm sxL+ sfd s/ hfP cf} / dw] zjfbL g] tf 8Þ/ hfPF . pGx] + ;dy{g b] g] sL 3f] if0ff s/ b] + . n] lsg nfv pkfo s] jfb eL Pdfn] s] g] tf ca ts bfn gxL+ unf kfP x} + . sf+u|] ; g] tf] kxn] xL lvr8ÞL d] + cf+s8Þ 8Þfn lbof x} lnxfhf df3 * of hgj/ L @@ s] kmf} / g jfb ;/ sf/ sf g] t[Tj Pdfn] s] xfy hftf lbv gxL+ / xf x} . Pdfn] g] ckgL k"/ L tfst O;s] lnP emf] +s bL x} ls ls;L eL ;"/ t d] + ;+ljwfg hf/ L xf] hfP . k/ Gt' O;;] kxn] ls Pdfn] cf} / clws d'v/ xf] , Pdfcf] jfbL s] g] t[Tjjfnf tL; bnLo df] rf{ Pj+ df] xg j} B sf ;+u7g g] tf] hgj/ L s] tL;/ ] ;Ktxf ;] aGb, x8Þtfn sf P] nfg s/ lbof x} . g] kfn ;b\efjgf kf6L{, hok|sfz u'Ktf sf ;+u7g, dft[sf ofbj cflb g] tfcf] + s] åf/ f eL O; t/ x s] sfo{qmd 3f] lift xf] +u] xL . kxf8ÞL If] qf] + d] + hghflt s] g] tfcf] + sL eL s'5 P] ;L xL ;f] r x} . O; aGb, x8Þtfn s] sf/ 0f gP ;+ljwfg sf hf/ L xf] gf d'lZsn

nutf x} . j} ;] Pdfn] s] g] tfcf] + g] tf] ;g\ !(() s] ;+ljwfg sf] xL Plzof sf ;jf] {Ts[t ;+ljwfg atnfof, lh;] dxh !^ jif{ afb xL / 2L sL 6f] s/ L d] + km] +s lbof uof cf} / O;] tfnL ahfs/ ;dy{g htfg] sfd : jo+ Pdfn] g] lsof yf .

lkmnxfn g tf] ;+ljwfg sL ;Defjgf lbvtL x} cf} / g xL ;/ sf/ s] g] t[Tj kl/ jt{g sL . Pdfn] s] g] tfcf] + sf] cfOgf ;kmf s/ g] s] ahfo ckg] r] x/ ] k] hdL w"n sf] ;fkm s/ g] k/ Wofg s] Gb|Lt s/ gf rflxP . Pdfn] s] g] tfcf] + sf] Jofjxfl/ s xf] gf xf] uf . k"jf{u|x ;] b"/ xf] gf xf] uf tyf j] dt ;f] r] + ls b] z l;km{ pGxL s] s+wf] k/ l6sL x} . dw] zL g] tfcf] + sL dha"/ L x} ls ;+ljwfg hf/ L x'P lagf ;/ sf/ d] + hfgf pgs] lnP 3fts xf] uf . tyf dw] zL;dfh pGx] + dfkm gxL+ s/ ] uf . j} ;] ;/ sf/ g] ;Tolg¿k0f tyf d] nldnfk cfof] u sf u7g s/ Pdfcf] jfbL sf] ckgL cf] / vLrg] sf k|of; s/ ;stL x} . ;Qf dw] zjfbL bnf] + sL eL sdhf] / L / xL x} .

cf;fg gxL+ x} / fx

>Ldg gf/fo0f

zf;sLo k|0ffnL, ;+3Lotf, lgjf{rg k4lt Pj+ ;+j} wflgs cbfnt h} ;] dxTjk"0f{ d'2f] + k/ cfd / fo gxL+ ag kfoL x} . dxh 8 Þ] 9 Þ–bf] ;Ktfx s] cGb/ pk/ f] Qm d'2f] + k/ Ps / fo ag hfP, P] ;L

;Defjgf b"/ –b"/ ts gxL+ lbvfO{ b] / xL x} .


lgwf{l/ t ltly df3 * d] + ;+ljwfg hf/ L xf] ;stf x} , O;sL ;'lglZrttf gxL+ x} .

;+ljwfg hf/ L xf] of gxL+, n] lsg p; s] afb ;/ sf/ kl/ jt{g sL ax; / fhgLlts j[Q d] + k|d'v d'2f ag] uL, O; d] + sf] O{ z+sf gxL+ x} . O;LlnP df3 * s] afb k|wfgdGqL sf} g ag] uf < O; ljifo sf] n] s/ ax; hf/ L x} . ;fdfGotM ;'zLn sf] O/ fnf s] afb k|wfgdGqL s] lnP bfjL s/ g] jfn] kxn] kfq x} +– g] skf Pdfn] s] cWoIf s] kLzdf{ cf] nL . O;LlnP tf] ax't nf] u cf] nL sf] efjL k|wfgdGqL s] ¿k d] + b] v / x] x} + . n] lsg cf] nL sf k|wfgdGqL aggf ptgf cf;fg gxL+ x} . cf] nL sL t/ x xL k|wfgdGqL agg] sf Vjfa b] vg] jfn] g] tfcf] + sL Ps nDaL So" x} . j] ;a cf] nL sf k} / vLrg] sf k|of; s/ ] +u] . Otgf xL gxL+, ckgL kf6L{ g] skf Pdfn] s] eLt/ ;] xL cf] nL sf] k|wfgdGqL agg] ;] / f] sg] jfn] ;lqmo x} + . O;LlnP efjL k|wfgdGqL sf} g ag] uf, ox sxgf d'lZsn x} . xfF, ;'zLn sf] O/ fnf s] afb jt{dfg kl/ k|] Io d] + kxn] bfj] bf/ cf] nL xL x} + . p;s] afb qmdzM g] kfnL sf+u|] ; s] z] / axfb'/ b] pjf cf} / / fdrGb| kf} 8Þ] n eL ;Qf–lzv/ r"dgf rfxt] x} + . cf] nL, b] pjf cf} / kf} 8Þ] n sf] / f] sf hfP tf] …d} + xL k|wfgdGqL ag hfpmFufÚ, P] ;L ;f] r jfn] eL sd gxL+ x} . Pdfcf] jfbL ;] k'iksdn bfxfn, 8f= afa'/ fd e§/ fO{, Pdfn] ;] dfwjs'df/ g] kfn, emngfy vgfn ju} / x ju} / x . k|d'v tLg bnf] + sL ks8Þ ;] cu/ pQm kb 5Lg lnof hfP tf] …d} + xL k|wfgdGqL x"FÚ sxg] jfn] b";/ ] kfq eL x} +– kmf] / d nf] stflGqs s] cWoIf ljhos'df/ uR5bf/ . n] lsg s8ÞL k|lt: kwf{ tf] k|d'v tLg kf6L{ s] aLr xL xf] gL x} .

;a;] kxn] ;+ljwfg lgdf{0f sf sfo{ef/ k"/ f xf] ;s] , P] ;f ;f] rg] jfnf] + s] lnP ;Qf

kl/ jt{g sf v] n k;Gb gxL+ xf] ;stf . n] lsg ;r tf] oxL x} ls ls;L sL gfk;GbuL ;] / fhgLlt sf ox l3gf} gf v] n ?sg] jfnf eL gxL+ x} . Oltxf; ;fIfL x} – g] kfn sL sf] O{ eL ;/ sf/ ceL ts ckgf kfFr jifL{o sfo{sfn k"/ f gxL+ s/ kfO{ x} . ax't sd ;/ sf/ g] bf] ;fn ts sfo{ ;~rfng lsof x} . ljut @@÷@# jifL{o ;+;bLo zf;g Joj: yf sf Oltxf; b] v] + tf] O; b/ ldofg nueu @) ;/ sf/ agL x} + . cyf{t\ df} ;d sL t/ x x/ ;fn oxfF ;/ sf/ kl/ jt{g sf v] n xf] tf / xtf x} . O;;] eL : ki6 xf] tf x} –

jt{dfg sf] O/ fnf ;/ sf/ eL ca ckgL clGtd ;fF;] lug / xL x} .

;/ sf/ kl/ jt{g sf cfwf/ ;/ sf/ kl/ jt{g s] lnP / fhgLlts bnf] +

s] aLr Ps ;fn kxn] xL Ps cgf} krfl/ s ;xdlt x'O{ yL . p; ;do / fhgLlts bnf] + g]

k|ltj4tf htfoL yL ls lj=;+= @)&! ;fn df3 * ut] gof ;+ljwfg hf/ L s/ ] +u] cf} / p;s] afb ;/ sf/ kl/ jt{g s/ ] +u] . lgwf{l/ t ltly * df3 b/ jfh] d] + b: ts b] / xL x} , n] lsg ;+ljwfg hf/ L xf] g] s] cf;f/ gh/ gxL+ cft] . oxfF : jfefljs k|Zg p7tf x} – cu/ ;+ljwfg

hf/ L gxL+ x'cf tf] Sof ;/ sf/ kl/ j{tg ;Dej xf] uf < ax't xb ts ;Dej x} . l;k{m ;Qf sf] xL k|fyldstf b] g] jfn] / fhgLlts bnf] + s] lnP jt{dfg ;/ sf/ sL cfo' ;dfKt xf] rnL x} . Sof] +ls jt{dfg ;/ sf/ sf d'Vo sfo{ef/ Ps ;fn s] eLt/ ;+ljwfg lgdf{0f s/ s] p;] hf/ L s/ gf x} . lgwf{l/ t ltly d] + ;+ljwfg hf/ L xf] uf tf] ;dembf/ L s] cg';f/ jt{dfg ;/ sf/ : jtM lj: yflkt xf] hfPuL . cu/ ;+ljwfg hf/ L gxL+ xf] kfof tf] jt{dfg ;/ sf/ gsf/ f l;4 xf] uL . P] ;L xfnt d] + k|wfgdGqL

;'zLn sf] O/ fnf sf] ;/ sf/ ;] x6gf xL xf] uf . ;Qf s] b";/ ] bfj] bf/ tyf ljkIfL bnf] + s] lnP ;/ sf/ lj?4 cfGbf] ng s/ g] sf O;;] pko'Qm cj;/ b";/ f gxL+ xf] ;stf . O;LlnP ;/ sf/ kl/ jt{g sL ;Defjgf dha"t x} . sf] O{ axfgf agf s/ s'5 lbg s] lnP O;]

/ f] sf hf ;stf x} , n] lsg jx rf/ lbgf] + sL rfFbgL

;flat xf] uL .

bfj] bf/ cf} / pgsL ;d: of

;'zLn sf] O/ fnfM k|wfgdGqL

;'zLn sf] O/ fnf : jo+ df3 * s] afb eL ckg]

sf] sfod / vgf rfxt] x} + . O;LlnP tf] j] sx / x] x} +–

;+ljwfg hf/ L s/ g] ;] kxn] d} + ckg] kb ;] gxL+ x6"Fuf .

k|wfgdGqL sf] O/ fnf sf dfggf x} ls pgsf d'Vo sfo{ef/ ;+ljwfg

hf/ L s/ gf x} cf} / jx ceL k"/ f gxL+ xf] kfof x} . cu/ df3 * d] + ;+ljwfg hf/ L xf] tf x} tf] sf] O/ fnf sf] : jtM ckgf kb 5f] 8Þgf xf] uf . O;lnP pgs] cfnf] rs sxt] x} +– O{dfgbf/ L ;] sf] O/ fnf df3 * d] + ;+ljwfg hf/ L s/ g] s] kIf d] + gxL+ x} + . n] lsg Ps zt{ d] + jx

df3 * s] afb k|wfgdGqL sf} g <

nLnfgfy uf}td

jt{dfg ;/ sf/ sf d'Vo sfo{ef/ Ps ;fn s] eLt/ ;+ljwfg lgdf{0f s/ s] p;] hf/ L

s/ gf x} . lgwf{l/ t ltly d] + ;+ljwfg hf/ L xf] uf tf] ;dembf/ L s] cg';f/ jt{dfg ;/ sf/ : jtM lj: yflkt xf] hfPuL . cu/ ;+ljwfg

hf/ L gxL+ xf] kfof tf] jt{dfg ;/ sf/ gfsf/ f l;4 xf] uL . P] ;L xfnt d] + k|wfgdGqL ;'zLn sf] O/ fnf sf] ;/ sf/ ;] x6gf xL xf] uf .

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17lxdflngLhgj/L@)!%

k|wfgdGqL sf kb 5f] 8Þg] s] lnP t} of/ xf] ;st] x} + . jx ox x} ls efjL / fi6«klt s] lnP pgsf] clu|d ;'lglZrttf bL hfP tf] . O; ljifo sf] n] s/ l;km{ g] kfnL sf+u|] ; s] eLt/ xL gxL+, b";/ ] a8Þ] bn g] skf Pdfn] s] cWoIf tyf efjL k|wfgdGqL s] bfj] bf/ s] kLzdf{ cf] nL s] ;fy eL pgsL c3f] lift ;xdlt ag r'sL x} , P] ;f eL ;'gg] d] + cfof x} . cfnf] rsf] + sf] dfggf x} ls cu/ / fi6«klt gxL+ ag] +u] tf] sf] O/ fnf ;+ljwfg;ef sL ;dofjlw ts h} ;] eL k|wfgdGqL ag] / xgf rfx] +u] . sf] O/ fnf sf] ;xof] u s/ g] jfn] b";/ ] kfq x} +– jt{dfg / fi6«klt 8f= / fdj/ 0f ofbj . Sof] +ls ;+ljwfg hf/ L xf] g] s] afb b";/ ] / fi6«klt s] lnP pDd] bjf/ cfu] cfPFu] cf} / 8f= ofbj : jtM kb d'Qm xf] hfP+u] . O;LlnP 8f= ofbj eL gxL+ rfxt] x} + ls pg sf kb cf;fgL ;] sf] O{ b";/ f n] n] . n] lsg sf] O/ fnf cf} / ofbj sL dxTjfsf+Iff OtgL cf;fgL ;] k"/ L xf] uL, ox ;Dej gxL+ lbvtL . Sof] +ls p; kb s] lnP Pdfn] s] g] tf emngfy vgfn, dfwjs'df/ g] kfn, Pdfcf] jfbL cWoIf k'iksdn bfxfn cflb g] tf nnrfoL gh/ ;] b] v / x] x} + .

s] kL cf] nLM sf] O/ fnf s] afb k|wfgdGqL s] lnP k|d'v bfj] bf/ x} } +– cf] nL . ckg] cfk sf] efjL k|wfgdGqL s] ¿k d] + pGxf] +g] ax't af/ k|: t't eL lsof x} . ckg] kIf d] + dfxf} n agfg] s] lnP pGxf] +g] s'5 ;do kxn] c;kmn k|of; eL lsof yf . n] lsg lh; kf6L{ s] s+w] k/ r9Þs/ cf] nL k|wfgdGqL aggf rfxt] y] , p;g] : ki6 ;+s] t s/ lbof x} ls kf6L{ sL cf] / ;] ;xof] u ldng] jfnf gxL+ x} . Pdfcf] jfbL, dw] zjfbL cf} / cGo s'5 5f] 6] bnf] + d] + ;] ;+;b d] + ax'dt h'6fs/ cf] nL goL ;/ sf/ agfgf rfxt] x} + . n] lsg dfcf] jfbL cf} / dw] zjfbL bnf] + g] cf] nL s] O; k|: tfj sf] c: jLsf/ s/ g] sf : ki6 ;+s] t b] lbof yf . ;fj{hlgs ;ef–;df/ f] x d] + cf] nL s] d'Fx ;] uf] nL sL t/ x lgsng] jfn] s6'–jrg sf] n] s/ ax't g] tf pg;] gf/ fh x} + . b";/ L aft, Pdfcf] jfbL tyf dw] zjfbL bn cf] nL sf] ;+3Lotf lj/ f] wL g] tf s] ¿k d] + n] t] x} + . O;LlnP cf] nL k|wfgdGqL ag] +, dfcf] jfbL cf} / dw] zjfbL bn ox gxL+ rfxt] . kf6L{ s] eLt/ ;] eL cf] nL sf] ;xof] u gxL+ ldn / xf x} . kf6L{ k"j{dxf;lrj tyf k|wfgdGqL dfwj g] kfn ;d"x gxL+ rfxtf x} ls cf] nL k|wfgdGqL xf] + . O;LlnP cf] nL sL dxTjfsf+Iff ceL e|"0f cj: yf d] + x} . lkm/ eL cf] nL k|wfgdGqL agg] s] lnP cg's"n / f: tf tnfz / x] x} + . ;+ljwfg hf/ L xf] ;s] tf] s'5 ;xh jftfj/ 0f lgdf{0f xf] ;stf x} . O;LlnP tf] cf] nL h} ;] eL xf] df3 * d] + ;+ljwfg nfgf rfxt] x} + . p;s] afb kf6L{ s] g] tf dfwjs'df/ g] kfn sf] dgfgf sd cf;fg gxL+ xf] uf . / fi6«klt s] pDdLbjf/ ;'lglZrt gxL+

s/ ] +u] tf] emngfy vgfn eL pg;] gf/ fh xf] +u] , Sof] +ls kf6L{ dxflwj] zg d] + vgfn sf] / fi6«klt agfg] sf c3f] lift ;Demf} tf cf] nL g] lsof yf . b";/ L t/ km k8Þf] ;L d'Ns ef/ t eL cf] nL s] k|lt ;sf/ fTds gxL+ x} , P] ;f ljZn] if0f dLl8Þof sf / xf x} . O; dfxf} n d] + ;sf/ fTds kl/ jt{g nfgf eL pgs] lnP r'gf} tLk"0f{ sfo{ x} .

z] / axfb'/ b] pjf cf} / / fdrGb| kf} 8] nM cf] nL s] afb ;dfg ¿k d] + cfu] a9Þ / x] bf] bfj] bf/ x} +– sf+u|] ; s] jl/ i7 g] tf z] / axfb'/ b] pjf cf} / kf6L{ pk;efklt / fdrGb| kf} 8Þ] n . sf+u|] ; ;/ sf/ s] afb k'gM sf+u|] ; sL xL ;/ sf/ agfgf plrt / x] uf < O; k|Zg sf] b/ lsgf/ lsof hfP tf] ax'tf] + g] efjL k|wfgdGqL s] ¿k d] + z] / axfb'/ b] pjf sf] b] vf x} . g] skf Pdfn] s] eLt/ cf] nL sf] k|wfgdGqL agg] ;] / f] sg] jfnf ;d"x xL z] / axfb'/ b] pjf sf] efjL k|wfgdGqL s] ¿k d] + k|: tfljt s/ / xf x} , P] ;L rrf{ / fhgLlts j[Q d] + hf/ L x} . Ow/ sf+u|] ; s] eLt/ b] pjf ;d"x eL sx / xf x} – sf] O/ fnf s] afb tf] b] pjf xL k|wfgdGqL x} + . Pdfn] cWoIf cf] nL sL t'ngf d] + b] pjf sf] ;fy b] g] s] lnP Pdfcf] jfbL tyf dw] zjfbL bn eL t} of/ xf] ;st] x} + . O; t/ x kf6L{ ;] afx/ sf dfxf} n b] pjf s] k|lt ;sf/ fTds xf] t] x'P eL kf6L{ s] cGb/ b] pjf s] lnP ;xh jftfj/ 0f gxL+ / x] uf . b] pjf k|wfgdGqL xf] +, ox tf] jt{dfg k|wfgdGqL ;'zLn sf] O/ fnf eL cGt/ dg ;] gxL+ rfxt] x} + . b] pjf s] lnP sf] O/ fnf ;] eL a8Þ] zq' x} +– kf6L{ pk;efklt / fdrGb| kf} 8Þ] n . Sof] +ls kf} 8Þ] n eL k|wfgdGqL s] lnP cfsf+IfL x} + . sf] O/ fnf s] afb k'gM sf+u|] ; s] g] t[Tj d] + ;/ sf/ agfg] sf jftfj/ 0f lgdf{0f xf] ;s] tf] …d} + xL k|wfgdGqL ag hfpmFufÚ P] ;L ;f] r n] s/ kf} 8Þ] n ;lqmo x} + . kxnL ;+ljwfg;ef d] + k|wfgdGqL sf pDd] bjf/ ag s/ !& af/ d'Fx sL vfg] sf s6' cg'ej sf] e'nfg] s] lnP of k] m;;] leª s] lnP eL kf} 8Þ] n k|wfgdGqL aggf rfxt] x} + . n] lsg kf} 8Þ] n s] lnP ;a;]

a8Þ] cj/ f] ws z] / axfb'/ b] pjf xL x} + . kf6L{ s] jl/ i7 g] tf cf} / k"j{k|wfgdGqL sL x} l;ot ;] b] pjf dha"t bfj] bf/ lbvfO{ b] t] x} + .

k'iksdn bfxfn cf} / afa'/ fd e§/ fO{ M cg] s h'uf8Þ s/ s] ;Qf sf g] t[Tj sf+u|] ; cf} / Pdfn] d] + hfg] ;] / f] s ;sf tf] d} + xL k|wfgdGqL ag"+uf, P] ;f ;f] r s/ vofnL n8Þ\8Þ" vfg] jfn] x} +– k'iksdn bfxfn cf} / afa'/ fd e§/ fO{ . ;+ljwfg;ef d] + kxnL zlQm s] ¿k d] + pe/ ] sf+u|] ; ;Qf sf g] t[Tj s/ r'sL x} . b";/ ] a8Þ] bn s] bfj] bf/ Pdfn] cWoIf s] kL cf] nL k|wfgdGqL ag] +, P] ;f rfxg] jfn] sd xL x} + . P] ;L cj: yf d] + bdbf/ s"6gLlts kf;f km] +sf uof tf] tL;/ f bn Pdfcf] jfbL sf] ox cj;/ k|fKt xf] ;stf x} . O;LlnP tf] df3 * s] afb ckg] sf] k|wfgdGqL kb s] lnP k] z s/ / x] x} + Pdfcf] jfbL g] tf . n] lsg sf} g– k'iksdn bfxfn of afa'/ fd e§/ fO{ < cu/ ;r d] + Pdfcf] jfbL kf6L{ sf] ox cj;/ k|fKt xf] tf] , Og bf] g] tfcf] + d] + cfk;L n8ÞfO{ z'? xf] uL . kf6L{ cWoIf tyf ;+;bLo bn s] g] tf sL x} l;ot ;] bfxfn åf/ f k|wfgdGqL sf bfjf xf] gf c: jfefljs gxL+ x} + . n] lsg bfxfn sf] k|wfgdGqL agfg] s] lnP sf+u|] ; cf} / Pdfn] ;sf/ fTds gxL+ xf] ;s] +u] . Pdfn] cWoIf s] kL cf] nL tf] ls;L eL xfnt d] + bfxfn sf] k|wfgdGqL agfgf gxL+ rfx] +u] . bfxfn s] abn] cf] nL ;+;b sL rf} yL jf kfFrjL+ zlQm 9"F9] u] +, n] lsg bfxfn s] lnP t} of/ gxL+ xf] +u] , P] ;f cg'dfg lsof hftf x} . P] ;L cj: yf d] + k"j{k|wfgdGqL 8f= e§/ fO{ åf/ f k'gM k|wfgdGqL s] lnP bfjf s/ gf c: jfefljs gxL+ xf] tf . n] lsg 8f= e§/ fO{ s] lnP ;a;] a8Þf cj/ f] ws kf6L{ cWoIf k|r08Þ xL xf] +u] . sxg] s] lnP tf] Pdfcf] jfbL cWoIf df3 * s] afb / fi6«klt aggf rfxt] x} +, cf} / O;sL Uof/ ] G6L xf] tf] j] ;+ljwfg hf/ L s/ g] s] lnP / fhL xf] ;st] x} +, / fhgLlts j[Q d] + P] ;L rrf{ eL x} . n] lsg bfxfn sxt] x} + ls j] seL eL ;+j} wflgs / fi6«klt gxL+ ag] +u] , sfo{sf/ L / fi6«klt s] lnP pDdLbjf/ xf] ;st] x} + .

ljrf/


rrf{ d]+

Hfflx/ x} Og lbgf] + g] kfn d] + ljjflbt cf} / hl6n d'2f] + k/ ;+ljwfg agfg]

s] lnP ax; hf/ L x} . l;of;L xnsf] + d] + / : ;fs: ;L hf] / f] + k/ rn / xL x} . ckg] jfobf] + s] d'tflas / fhgLlts bn ;do k/ : jLsf/ s/ g] of] Uo ;+ljwfg b] kfo] +u] of gxL+, ;+b] x JoSt lsof hf / xf x} . 7Ls O;L ;do sf7df+8Þ" l: yt la|l6; / fhb"t PG8Þ«o" : kfs{; g] cfg] jfn] ;+ljwfg d] + wd{ kl/ jt{g sf] : jLsfo{ agfg] sL ;nfx b] t] x'o] ;+ljwfg;ef ;b: of] + s] gfd Ps n] v lnvf . pgs] O; n] v g] s"6gLlts xns] d] + x8Þs+k xL drf lbof . a9ÞtL aftf] + sf] b] vs/ k/ / fi6« dGqfno g] : ki6Ls/ 0f sL df+u sL tf] dxf] bo 5'§L dgfg] a] nfot hf r's] y] . sf7df+8Þ" l: yt pgs] bkm\t/ g] dxfdlxd s] ljrf/ f] + sf] ;bfzotf ;] k|] l/ t atft] x'o] arfj lsof . atfof hftf x} ls o"/ f] lkog o'lgog s] sf7df+8Þ" l: yt ;b: o b] zf] + s] / fhb"tjf;f] + d] + eL O;aft sf] n] s/ cGb/ xL cGb/ ba] cGbfh d] + ax; rntL / xL .

g] kfn zfob b'lgof sf Ps P] ;f b] z x} hxf+ ls;L eL s"6gLlt1 sf] ckg] bfo/ f] + sf] vofn s/ g] sL h¿/ t gxL+ k8ÞtL . oxf+ cfg] jfnf s"6gLlt1 xL gxL+ tLy{ofqL, ko{6s, / fhgLlt1 ts sf] jhx a] jhx pkb] z b] 8Þfng] sL cft'/ tf ;tftL x} . ox pgs] ckg] sf/ 0ff] + ;] sxL+ Hofbf g] kfn d] + tgtL hf / xL ;+qmd0fsfnLg / fhgLlts t/ ntf k/ t} / t] cfjZos cgfjZos d'2f] + ;] x} . / fhb"t dxf] bo sf] O; aft sL cjZo hfgsf/ L xf] uL ls g] kfn ca lxGb" b] z gxL+ / xf alNs Ps wd{lg/ k] If b] z ag r'sf x} . P] ;] d] + pgsL aofgafhL sf ;+s] t / fk|kf g] kfn sL k'gM lxGb" clw/ fHo 3f] lift s/ fg] s] lnP cfo] lbg rn / x] d] rL dxfsfnL / yofqf s] gfd k/ a9ÞtL ;lqmotf cf} / sf+u|] ; s] g] tf v'daxfb'/ v8Þ\sf s] g] t[Tj d] + rn/ x] lxGb' hfu/ 0f cleofg sL cf] / eL xf] ;stf x} .

j} ;] bzsf] + ;] g] kfn d] + O;fO{

ldzgl/ of] + sf : jf: Yo cf} / lzIff s] I] fq d] + dxTjk"0f{ of] ubfg sf] gsf/ f gxL+ hf ;stf, lkm/ eL clwsf+z nf] uf] + sf dfggf x} ls oxf+ sO{ t/ x s] k|n] feg b] s/ nf] uf] + sf] O;fO{ agfof hftf / xf x} . ljut bf] bzsf] + ;] O;fO{ wdf{jnlDaof] + sL ;+Vof d] + t'ngfTds ¿k ;] ef/ L j[l4 cf} / unL–d'xNnf] + d] + rrf+] { sL t] hL ;] a9ÞtL ;+Vof s] sf/ 0f nf] uf] + d] + t/ x–t/ x sL z+sfP+ a9Þ / xL x} . hflx/ x} wd{ s] lx;fa ;] g] kfn d] + lxGb'cf] + sL afx'Notf x} . lxGb" cleofgsQf{cf] + sf dfggf x} ls wd{ lg/ k] Iftf hgcfsf+Iff s] cg'"'n gxL+ x} . n] lsg oxf+ k/ ox ;f] rgf cfjZos x} ls g] kfn d] + en] xL lxGb"cf] + sL afx'Notf x} k/ Gt' oxf+ cGo wdf{jnDaL eL x} + lhgsL kxrfg g] kfnL x} . ox pgsf eL ;/ f] sf/ sf ;jfn x} . aLtt] lbgf] + s] ;fy wd{ s] k|lt ca

nf] uf] + sf ?v s'5 abntf ;f lbvfO{ b] / xf x} . kxnL ;+ljwfg;ef s] d'sfan] b';/ ] ;+ljwfg;ef s] r'gfj d] + / fk|kf g] kfn sf] ldn] cgk] lIft dtf] + sf] O;L d'2] ;] hf] 8Þs/ b] vf hf / xf x} . O;lnP / fk|kf s] g] tf sdn Yffkf O; d;n] sf] hgdt ;+u|x s] hl/ o] ;dfwfg b] g] sL dfu s/ t] cf / x] x} + . pw/ v'daxfb'/ sL v] dfaGbL wd{lg/ k] Iftf sf] : jLsf/ s/ r'sL pgsL kf6L{ sf+u|] ; s] lnP ;/ bb{ agg] sf] x} . atfof hftf x} , pgs] ;fy a8Þ] kf] i6/ s] s'5 u} / sf+u|] ;L eL zfldn x} + . sxL+ lxGb" s§/ tfjfb g] kfn sL / fhgLlt d] + lkm/ ;] xfjL g xf] O;L ds;b ;] eL / fhb"t dxf] bo sL lrGtf ;fj{hlgs xf] uof nutf x} .

Ps cf} / aft eL x} , ef/ t d] + eL Og lbgf] + wd{ kl/ jt{g sf d'2f hf] / ks8Þtf hf

/ xf x} . cats tf] lxGb'cf] + sf] O{;fO cf} / d'l: nd agft] ;'gf hftf yf k/ O;af/ s'5 lxGb" ;+u7gf] + s]

cfof] hg d] + O;fO{ cf} / d'l: ndf] + sf] 3/ jfk;L s] gfd k/ lxGb" agfg] sL k|: tfljt ;df/ f] xf] + sf] n] s/ ax't a8Þf ljjfb z'? xf] uof x} . ljsf; sL cfd dfgl;stf sf] cfslif{t s/ nf] slk|otf sL pm+rfO{ k/ rn / x] ef/ tLo k|wfgd+qL df] bL sf] pgs] xL kf6L{ s] cGb/ s] s§/ k+yL lxGb" ;b: of] + g] O; d;n] k/ aofgafhL s/ ;+s6 v8ÞL s/ bL x} . g] kfn d] + s'5 nf] u ef/ t d] + rn / x] O; wfld{s d'2] ;] ckg] sf] l/ rfh{ s/ g] sL tfs k/ a} 7] x} + . df} sf P jf/ bft k"j{ g/ ] z 1fg] Gb| eL dlGb/ f] + s] bz{g s] axfg] ;do ;do k/ t/ fO{ sL ?v s/ t] / x] ] x} . ;QfRo"t xf] g] s] afb g/ ] z 1fg] Gb| sf df] x lxdfn cf} / kxf8Þf] + sL ck] Iff t/ fO{ sL cf] / s'5 Hofbf xL lbvfO{ b] / xf x} . / fi6«Lo / fhgLlt d] + ha–ha s'5 df] 8Þ cft] x} ta ta j] tLyf{6g s] axfg] t/ fO{ sL ;} /

lkm/ Wfd{ s] gfd k/ a9ÞL ;/ uld{of+

afa'/fd kf} 8\ofn

wfld{s h] xfb s] gfd k/ cfh eL sO{ xlyof/ aGb u'6 v"g v/ fa] k/ pt/ / x] x} . O; kl/ 0flt s] lnP cfd

nf] uf] + sL dhxaL dfgl;stf sf] ckg] : jfy{ s] lnP afx/ L tfst] + g] af/ af/

e8 Þ\sfof x} cf} / O; aft sf] ;dem] au} / xL v'g v/ faf

sf bf} / rn xL / xf x} . O; ;] g] kflnof] + sf] ;do k/ xL lzIff n] g] sL cfjZostf x} .

19lxdflngLhgj/L@)!%

rrf{ d]+

s/ g] lgsn k8Þt] x} . zfob t/ fO{ s] nf] uf] + sL lxGb' wfld{s cf: yf k/ pgsf e/ f] ;f ca eL x} cf} / ] j] O;] ckg] lnP ltgs] sf ;xf/ f ;demt] ] x} . lxGb"Tj sL udf{x6 k/ / f] 6L ;] sg] sL pgsL d+zf Sof / +u nftL x} ox ;do xL atfPuf . la|6L; / fhb"t dxf] bo ;] g] kfnL k/ / fi6« d+qfno s} ;f : kli6s/ 0f n] gf rfxtf yf ox tf] atfof gxL+ hf ;stf yf k/ Gt' ox aft ;fkm ;L nutL x} ls wd{ s] gfd k/ abnt] go] xfnftf] + s] db\] gh/ j] g] kfnL / fhgLlt sf] ;fjwfg s/ gf rfxt] x} .

pbf/ jfbL ;dfh d] + Wfd{ ls;L s] lnP jfWosf/ L gxL+ alNs lghL cf} / P] lR5s ljifo x} . lkm/ eL b} lgs hLjg d] + wd{ sf k} 7 Otgf ha/ h: t xf] tf x} ls nf] u p;L 8Þf] / ;] rnt] gh/ cft] x} . cfly{s ¿k ;] wd{ sf en] xL ca Otgf dxTj gxL x} lkm/ eL s'b/ tL / x: o, dfgjLo lg/ fzf cf} / s'+7f s] sf/ 0f wfld{s cf: yf cfh eL clwsf+z nf] uf] + d] + k|an x} . sfn{ dfS;{ sL ef} ltsjfbL b[li6 g] tf] wd{ sf] ckmLd xL s/ f/ lbof x} . pgsf dfggf yf ls wd{ dg'io sf] pTkfbg d] + ;+nUg xf] g] ;] cf} / efUojfb s] axfg] clwsf/ f] + sL n8ÞfO{ n8Þg] ;] ljd'v s/ tf x} . hf] eL xf] wd{ sf] k'/ fg] hdfg] d] + sfg"g sf x} l;ot k|fKt yf . / fHo, ;dfh cf} / JolSt ;eL s] lnP wfld{s d"No cf} / dfGotfP+ jfWosf/ L Yf] .

xdf/ ] lnP en] xL ca wd{ lghL cf} / k'/ ftg nu] , O: nflds b'lgof+ d] + cfh eL sO{ b] z dhxaL p;"nf] + k/ rng] sL lxdfot s/ / x] x} + . xdf/ ] ghl/ o] d] + pgsf ox k|of; ;dflhs ;dfgtf cf} / b";/ f] + s] cl: tTj sf] : jLsf/ s/ g] h} ;] cfwf/ e"t d'2f] + ;] a] va/ nutf x+} . wfld{s h] xfb s] gfd k/ cfh eL sO{ xlyof/ aGb u'6 v"g v/ fa] k/ pt/ / x] x} . O; kl/ 0flt s] lnP cfd nf] uf] + sL dhxaL dfgl;stf sf] ckg] : jfy{ s] lnP afx/ L tfst] + g] af/ af/ e8Þ\sfof x} cf} / O; aft sf] ;dem] au} / xL v'g v/ faf sf bf} / rn xL / xf x} . O; ;] g] kflnof] + sf] ;do k/ xL lzIff n] g] sL cfjZostf x} .

O;fO{ cf} / d';ndfgf] + s] aLr kljq

o?;] nd sf] ckg] sAh] d] + n] g] s] gfd k/ t] / xjL ;bL d] + o'4 sf nDaf l;nl;nf rnf . lh;] wd{ o'4 cyf{t\ æxf] nL qm';] 8ÞÆ s] gfd ;] hfgf hftf x} . la|6] g d] + kGb|xjL ;bL d] + dfl6{g n'y/ s] g] t[Tj d] + rn] wd{ ;'wf/ cfGbf] ng g] O{;fO{ wd{ k/ kf] k cf} / kfbl/ of] + sL cf8Þ d] + kgk / xL k'/ fgL s§/ tf sf] tf] 8Þf . p;sf k|efj ls;L g ls;L ¿k d] + ;d"r] o"/ f] k k/ k8Þf . p;s] afb O;fO{ot s] eLt/ xL k|f] 6] : 6] «G6 cf} / s} yf] lns ;Dk|bfo s] aLr nDaf v'gL bf} / rnf . O: nfd s] cGb/ sf] k|d'v bf] ;Dk|bfo l;of cf} / ;'GgL aLr s] 6s/ fj ls; sb/ dfgjLo d"Nof] + ts sf] k} / f] + tn] / f} +btf / xf x} , ;eL hfgt] x} . jxL+ ef/ tLo k|foMåLk d] + a|fDx+fjfb sL wfld{s s§/ tf sf] lgu+7 gfyk'Q -jw{dfg dxfjL/ _ cf} / uf} td a'4 g] O{;f s] hGd s] nueu ;f9Þ] rf/ ;f} ;fn kxn] xL

tf] 8Þ s/ gP ;fdflhs d"Nof] + sL z'?cft sL . O; dxfcleofg d] + a8Þ] v'g v/ fa] s] k|df0f ca ts gxL+ ldn] x} + . ;+ejtM clx+;f cf} / zflGt s] cfwf/ k/ rn] O; cleofg s] sf/ 0f xL ox ;+ej xf] ;sf yf . ox l;nl;nf : jfdL bofgGb ;/ : jtL cf} / ljj] sfgGb ts ljleGg ¿k ;] rntL / xL . O;s] aLr P] ;f eL ;do cfof ls O; k|foMåLk d] + ljz] ifs/ pQ/ klZrd sL cf] / ;] sO{ hfltof] + cf} / wfld{s sflkmnf] + sf cfudg x'cf cf} / ;dofGt/ d+] oxL+ sL cGo ;+: s[ltof] + s] ;fy ;lDdng ;] ;femf d""Nof] + sf eL ljsf; x'cf . Og d"No] f+ sf ljsf; xf] g] ts eofgs 6s/ fj sf bf} / rnf cf} / nf] uf] + sf] a8ÞL s'af{lgof+ b] gL k8ÞL .

af/ xjL+ ;bL ;] ef/ t d] + sO{ d';ndfg zf;sf] + g] zf;g s] bf} / fg lxGb'cf] + k/ æhlhofÆ gfds dhxaL s/ f] + sf eL P] nfg

lsof . lh;;] sO{ lxGb' d';ndfg agg] sf] jfWo x'o] cf} / s'5 u+uf cf} / od'gf sL pkhfpm d} bfg ;] g] kfn sL cf] / efug] sf] ljjz x'o] . g] kfn sL kxf8ÞL e"–efu k/ k|s[lt k"hs ls/ ft, af} 4 wdf{jnDaL v;f] + cf} / lxGb'cf] + sL cfjfbL yL . s'5 ljåfgf] + sf dt x} ls v; cfo{ xf] t] x'o] eL j} lbs ;Eotf d] + ;+nUg gxL+ y] . cg'dfg nufof hf ;stf x} , ef/ t d] + d';ndfgf] + s] afb g] kfn d] + lxGb'cf] + sL cfjfbL cf} / k|efj bf] gf] + d] + ef/ L lj: tf/ x'cf . g] kfn s] / fhf k[YjLgf/ fo+f zfx g] ckg] / fHo sf] æc;nL lxGb': yfgfÆ sxf x} . hf] eL xf] zf;g k/ wd{ o'u ca c;fGble{s x'cf nutf x} . wd{ cf} hflt s] gfd k/ b'lgof+ lhtgf / Stkft xf] r'sf x} ptgf ls;L eL d'2] gxL+ .

tjfl/ v sL Og aftf] + ;] xd+] lzIff tf] n] gL rflxP k/ Gt' k|ltzf] w gxL+ .

dhxaL k/ rd s] gLr] kgktL zfdGtjfbL ;Qf

s] 8Þ"at] cf} / k+"hLjfbL ;Qf sL

pbo s] ;fy ;fy wd{ Ps j} olSts ljifo

ags/ / x uof x} . lkm/ eL ;dfh d] + O; sf

efjgfTds ;+j] bgzLntf ca eL a/ s/ f/ x} lh;] ;do b/ ;do s'5 ;sf/ fTds cf} / gsf/ fTds tfst] + pkof] u s/ g] sf k|of; s/ tL kfoL hftL x} . abnt] ;do s] ;fy wd{ sf eL j} ZjLs/ 0f xf] / xf x} . g] kfn sL Ps rf} yfO{ hg;+Vof b'lgof s] sO{ lx: ;f] + d] + / f] hL / f] 6L s] lnP kx'+r uoL x} tf] p;] jxf+ sO{ dhxaL ;+: s[ltof] + ;] ?a? xf] gf k8Þ / xf x} . en] xL / fhgLlt s/ g] jfnf] + g] wd{ cf} / ;+: s[ltof] + sf] Ps : yfO{ kxrfg agfs/ p;] cl: TfTj s] ;fy hf] 8Þ lbof x} . cfh ;] ;f} ;fn kxn] sL wd{ cfh p;L ¿k d] ] + gxL+ x} gf xL cfg] jfn] ;} f ;fnf] + d] + cfh s] ¿k d] + / x kfPuL . wd{ hflt cf} / ;+: s[lt s] p;L xb ts cfu] a9Þfgf rflxP lh; xb ts ;fdflhs ;b\efj cf} / zflGt sf] a9Þfjf ldn] .

baburampoudyal352gmail.com

pbf/ jfbL ;dfh d] + Wfd{ ls;L s] lnP jfWosf/ L gxL+ alNs lghL cf} / P] lR5s ljifo x} . lkm/ eL

b} lgs hLjg d] + wd{ sf k} 7 Otgf ha/ h: t xf] tf x} ls nf] u p;L 8 Þf] / ;] rnt] gh/ cft] x} .


b[li6sf]0f

g] kfn sL sf] O/ fnf ;/ sf/ g] …g] kfn d] + a9ÞtL x'O{ ef/ t lj/ f] wL …rLgL–v'lkmof

ultljlwof] + ;] ;+a+lwt ef/ tLo lrGtfÚ sf] gsf/ t] x'P, …ef/ tLo ¿ko] d] + g] kfn–ef/ t Jofkf/ Ú sL th{ k/ xL, …rLg s] ;fy rLgL d'b|f d] + Jofkf/ –Joj;foÚ s/ g] s] lnP Ps a} +s ;demf} t] k/ x: tfIf/ lsof x} .

g] kfn / fi6« a} +s s] ujg{/ o'j/ fh vltj8Þf sf sxgf x} ls rLg s] s] Gb|Lo a} +s s] ;fy lk5n] ;Ktfx rLg d] + ;DkGg Ps ;demf} t] s] cg';f/ g] kfn sf rLg s] ;fy Jofkf/ , k"+hL–lgj] z tyf ko{6sLo sf/ f] af/ d] + pNn] vgLo j[l4 xf] uL . ;fy xL, kLk'N; a} +s cfkm rLg cf} / g] kfn s] / fi6« a} +s s] aLr rLg d] + x: tfIfl/ t …lx;fa ldnfg cf} / ;xof] uÚ ;+a+wL O; k"/ s ;demf} t] ;] , rLgL d'b|f d] + låkIfLo Jokf/ lsof hf ;s] uf .

ujg{/ vltj8Þf atft] x} + …ca g] kfn cf} / rLg s] aLr Jofkf/ s/ g] s] lnP xdnf] uf] + sf] 8ÞfÞn/ sL cfjZostf gxL+ xf] uL . ca xd ;Lw] rLgL d'b|f d] + Jokf/ s/ ;s] +u] . ;fy xL, ljlgdo b/ sL hf] lvd cflb eL sd xf] tL rnL hfPuL . jx atft] x} + ls ox ;demf} tf, g] kfnL a} +sf] + sf] , rLg s] ls;L eL a} +s d] + rLgL d'b|f d] + vftf vf] ng] sL cg'dlt b] uf . / fi6« a} +s sf sxgf x} ls ox ;demf} tf rLg ;] xf] g] jfn] cfoft sf e'utfg s/ g] , cGo Jofkfl/ s k|of] hgf] + s] lnP rLgL d'b|f …o"cfgÚ d] + k|tLtL kq (Pn . ;L . ) vf] ng] tyf cGo sf/ f] af/ f] + sf] ;xh agfg] d] + dbbuf/ ;flat xf] uf .

…oxL gxL+, O; ;demf} t] d] + g] kfn d] + eL rLgL d'b|f d] + vftf vf] ng] sL Joj: yf sL uO{ x} . jx atft] x} + – …ca rLgL

d'b|f s] cefj d] + cj} w t/ Ls] ] ;] Jofkf/ s/ g] jfnf] + of sl7gfO{ dx;"; s/ g] jfnf] + sf] eL ;x"lnot xf] uL tyf cj} w Jokf/ s] wGw] ;] pGx] + d'lQm ldn] uLÚ . s'n ldnfs/ rLg xdf/ f b";/ f a8Þf cfly{s ;+a+w jfnf b] z x} O;lnP p; b] z sL d'b|f s] ;fy, ;xh e'utfg of ;] 6\nd] G6 sf sfd xf] , Otgf xL xdnf] uf] + sf p2] Zo x} Ú .

g] kfnL ko{j] Ifsf] + sf sxgf x} ls ckg] blIf0fL k8Þf] ;L tyf ;a;] a8Þ] Jofkfl/ s ;fem] bf/ b] z ef/ t s] ;fy, ef/ tLo ¿ko] d] + sf/ f] af/ s/ tf cf / xf g] kfn, ca p;L k|sf/ sL ;'ljwfcf] + s] ;fy, ckg] pQ/ L k8Þf] ;L tyf b";/ f ;a;] a8Þ] Jofkfl/ s ;fem] bf/ rLg s] ;fy, eL Jofkf/ s/ g] sf åf/ vf] n lbof x} . hals, g] kfn d] + ef/ tLo lxt lrGtsf] + sf sxgf x} ls …rLgL d'b|f …o"ofgÚ sL v'n] cfd rng–rntL ;] rLgL v'lkmof t+q ca g s] jn / fhwfgL clkt' ef/ tLo ;Ldf gu/ f] + d] + ckgL 6f+u k;f/ ;s] uf .

pNn] vgLo x} ls rLg s] ljb] z d+qL g] xfn xL d] + g] kfn sf tLg lbj;Lo e|d0f ;DkGg lsof x} . cf} / , ef/ tLo k|wfgd+qL g/ ] Gb| df] bL åf/ f g] kfn s] lnP 3f] lift !) xhf/ s/ f] 8Þ ¿ko] s] ;xof] u tyf ;x"lnotk"0f{ C0f / flz sL th{ k/ xL, !# c/ a ¿ko] s] cfly{s ;xof] u sL 3f] if0ff sL x} . cf} / , O;s] ;fy xL sxf x} ls g] kfn sf] rLg cf} / ef/ t s] aLr sf …;+a+w–k'nÚ agfof hfgf rflxP .

hals, ef/ t, rLg sL O; k|sf/ sL bf] d'+xL af] nL tyf bf] unL gLlt s] sf/ 0f ef/ L ;+j] bgzLn x} . Sof] +ls, lxGbL–rLgL efO{–efO{ sf gf/ f nufg] jfn] rLg g] ef/ t s] k|yd k|wfgd+qL k+l8Þt hjx/ nfn g] x¿ h} ;] ;Rr] bf] : t sf] eL wf] vf lbof, kL7 d] + 5'/ f 3f] +kf cf} / ;g !(^@ d] + ef/ t k/ xdnf s/ ef/ tLo ljsf; sf] bzsf] + jif{ kL5] ws] n lboff yf . hals, cfh k|wfgd+qL g/ ] Gb| df] bL s] nueu 5x dxLg] s] sfo{sfn d] + xL rLgL kmf} hf] + g] ef/ tLo ;Ldf sf cltqmd0f s/ t] x'P, ef/ t d] + 3';k} 7 s/ g] sL Pst/ kmf sf/ {jfO{ sL x} . cf} / , lgn{Hhtfk"0f{ rLgL wf] vfw8ÞL sL ;Ldf tf] ta nf+3 uO{ ha Ps cf] / rLgL / fi6«klt

ef/ t s] e|d0f s] l;nl;n] d] + gO{ lbNnL d] + ckgf kf+j / v / x] y] , ef/ t åf/ f pgsf / fi6«Lo ;Ddfg lsof hf / xf yf cf} / b";/ L cf] / rLgL kmf} h ef/ tLo ;Ldf d] + lbgbxf8Þ] 3';k} 7 s/ / xL yL . O;;] a8Þf wf] vf cf} / zd{gfs s[To cf} / xf] eL Sof ;stf x} <

O;lnP g] kfn s] lnP oxL jflhj xf] uf ls jx ckgL ef} uf] lns, ;fdflhs cf} / ;f+: s[lts cf} sft sf] Wofg d] + / vt] x'P xL rLg sL cf] / sbd cf} / ldnfg] s] lnP ckg] xfyf] + sf] cfu] a9ÞfP . Sof] +ls, wd{ cf} / ;+: sf/ f] + ;] sf] ;f] + b"/ / xg] jfn] dfcf] T;] t'+u sf rLg tyf p;sL cefuL hgtf sf] crfgs hgsk'/ wfd cf} / n'lDagL s] k|lt cufw k|] d pe/ cfof x} , ox ;f] rgLo ljifo x} . rLg cflv/ Sof] +, c/ af] + sL nfut ;] l;4fy{ uf} td sL hGde"ld n'lDagL s] ljsf; d] + k|ToIf tyf k/ f] If ¿k d] + cle¿lr lbvf / xf x} < O;L k|sf/ hub\hggL ;Ltf sL e"ld hgsk'/ wfd d] + rLgL ko{6sf] + sf / ] ndk] n Sof] + s/ jf / xf x} < Sof, Og sDo'lg: 6 rLlgof] + sf] crfgs eujb\–elQm s/ g] sL sf] O{ dfcf] –cfsfzjf0fL x'O{ x} <

dfn"d xf] ls n'lDagL ;] nueu ;ft lsnf] dL6/ blIf0f l: yt g] kfn–ef/ t ;Ldf s] ss/ xjf afÞ8Þ{/ k/ t} gft ef/ tLo ;z: q ;Ldf an s] hjfgf] + g] lk5n] ^–& lb;Da/ sf] bf] dlxnf ;lxt tLg rfOgLhf] + sf] ef/ tLo ;Ldf d] + lbgbxf8Þ] 3';k} 7 s/ t] x'P lu/ km\tf/ lsof cf} / d'xfgL yfg] d] + d'sbdf bh{ s/ p;] ef/ tLo h] n d] + e] h lbof . atft] x} + ls pQm tLgf] + rfOgLhf] + g] ;a;] kxn] ef/ tLo s: 6d cfÞlkm; s] / f: t] xL ef/ tLo ;Ldf d] + k|j] z s/ g] sL sf] lzz sL yL . n] lsg, ef/ tLo ;'/ Iffsld{of] + g] pGx] + ef/ tLo ;Ldf d] + 3';g] k/ dgf lsof tf] jxf+ ;] b"/ b/ fh s] Ps gbL s] lsgf/ ] –lsgf/ ] ef/ tLo ;Ldf d] + 3';g] sL pg tLgf] + g] sf] lzz sL yL . Sof, n'lDagL d] + ;lqmo nueu rf/ bh{g rLlgof] + sL ef/ t lj/ f] wL ultljlwof] + k/ g] kfn ;/ sf/ , g] kfnL k'ln; Pj+ g] kfnL ;'/ Iff t+q sL gh/ seL uO{ x} < Sof] +ls, g] kfnu+h ;Ldf gfsf] + s] åf/ f eL rLlgof] + g] O;;] kxn] eL ef/ t d] + 3';k} 7 s/ g] sL c;kmn sf] lzz sL yL .

g] kfn d] + rLgL d'b|f o"ofg sL rng–rntL k/ / f] s x6L

g] kfn–rLg a} +s ;demf} tfM ef/ tLo lrGtf sL 3f] / pk] Iff

/fdfzLif

21lxdflngLhgj/L@)!%

k8Þf];

x'cf ;j] / fHfdLg k/ lkm/ cba ;] cfsfzckg] ;/ sf] em'sf / xf x} ls aRr] : s"n hf / x] x} + gbL d] + : gfg s/ g] ;"/ h;'gx/ L dndn sLku8 ÞL afFw] ;8 Þs lsgf/ ] v8 Þf x'cf d': s'/ f / xf x} ls aRr] : s"n hf / x] x} + xjfP] + ;/ –;Ah 8Þflnof] + d] +b'cfcf} + s] uLt uf / xL x} +dxst] km"nf] + sL nf] l/ ofF;f] t] / f: tf] + sf] huf / xL x} +3g] / f kLknunL s] sf] g] ;] xfy ckg] lxnf / xf x} ls aRr] : s"n hf / x] x} + kml/ Zt] lgsn] / f] zgL s] x/ Ps / f: tf rds / xf x} o] jQm jf] x} hdL+ sf x/ hf/ f{dfF s] lbn ;f w8 Þs / xf x} k'/ fgL Os 5t k] jSt a} 7fsa"t/ f] + sf] p8 Þf / xf x} ls aRr] : s"n hf / x] x} + ls aRr] : s"n hf / x] x} +============ lgbf kmfhnL

ox P] ;f jQm x} ha ;f/ L dfgjtf Ps no Ps ;'/ d] + ljBfno sf] zflGt If] q agfg] sL aft s/ / xL x} . ls;L eL k|sf/ s] k|bz{g cf} / cfGbf] ng xL gxL+ o'4 Pj+ cft+sjfb b'Zk|efj ;] df;"d afnsf] + sf] arfg] sL h2f] hxb b'lgof e/ d] + hf/ L x} . s} nfz ;TofyL{ tyf dnfnf o';'km sf] ] ] afn clwsf/ f] + sL / Iff s] lnP rnfP uP cleofg s] cfwf/ k/ ;g\ @)!$ sf zflGt gf] a] n k'/ : sf/ ;] s'5 ;Ktfx kxn] xL ;+o'Qm ¿k ;] gjfhf uof yf . n] lsg Og ;eL sf] lzzf] + s] afjh'b !^

lb;Da/ sL ;'ax kfls: tfg s] k] zfj/ zx/ d] + l: yt cfdL{–klAns : s"n hf] cgxf] gL 36gf x'O{ p;g] dfgjtf sf] lxnfs/ / v lbof x} .

jx sf} g ;L rLh x} hf] OG;fg sf] hLg] s] lnP k|] l/ t s/ tL x} < ;Lw] –;kf6 zAbf] + O; d] + O; k|Zg sf pQ/ b] gf d'lZsn x} . j/ gf !^ lb;Da/ sL pQm aa{/ tfk"0f{ 36gf s] rZdbLb ujfx ;"/ h sf] xd] zf s] lnP ckgf d'Fx 5'kf n] gf rflxP yf . cf} / O; !#@ sL d'bf{ lugtL sf dtna Sof x} < dfgj ;Eotf s] d'Fx k/ sflnv kf] tg] jfn] pQm xTofsf+8Þ d] + hfg u+jfg] jfn] aRrf] + s] lh: d lugtL gxL+ y] , jx pgs] dfF afk sL cfvf] + d]+ t} / t] x'P ;kg] y] . jx eljio y] b'lgof s] lh; eljio sf] bxztubL{ s] ljs/ fn ¿k g] s'5 xL knf] + d] + ;dfKt s/ lbof .

…jx l;km{ d] / f a] 6f gxL+ yf, d] / f Ps ;kgf yf lh; ;kg] sf] cfh d} + bkmg s/ s] nf} 6 / xf x"+ .Ú – ckg] aRr] sf clGtd ;+: sf/ s/ s] 3/

nf} 6t] x'P k] zfj/ s] Ps b'MvL afk sL aofFgL x} ox . ox afk 36gf sL jf: tljstf sf] ;demg] sL lxDdt / vtf x} . j/ gf k] zfj/ s] ;'g;fg k8Þ] clwsf+z 3/ f] + s] cGb/ cf+;'cf] + s] bl/ of d] + 8Þ"a] x'P clwsf+z df+–afk xNsL cfx6 k/ b/ jfh] sL cf] / gh/ ] 8Þfn / x] x} +, sxL+ jx cfx6 pgs] sn] h] s] 6's8Þ] s] nf} 6g] sL tf] gxL+ < d+unjf/ sL ;'ax ls;] cGb] zf yf ls lh; sn] h] s] 6's8Þ] sf] jx : s"n e] h / x] x} + jx cfh s] afb seL nf} 6 s/ gxL+ cfPuf, j/ gf b'lgof sL sf} g ;L df+ cf} / sf} g ;f afk ckg] aRrf] + sf] df} t s] d'Fx d] + e] hgf rfx] uf .

!& lb;Da/ sL ;'ax kfls: tfg s] Jo: t zx/ k] zfj/ sL ulnofF cf} / / f: t] ;"g] k8Þ] Þ y] . aRrf] + sf] km6fkm6 gfZtf lvnfs/ : s"n e] hg] sL hNbafhL ls;L eL 3/ d] + gxL+ yL . ;eL s] hxg d] + Ps xL ;jfn yf ls d+unjf/ sL ;'ax k] zfj/ s] cfdL{–klAns : s"n d] + !#@ df;"d

aRrf] + sL aa{/ tfk"0f{ xTof ;] ls;L sf] Sof ldnf of ldn] uf < Sof df;"d aRrf] + sL xTof s] kL5] sf] O{ …jhxÚ eL xf] ;stL x} < tflnafg sf cy{ eL tf] ljBfyL{ xf] gf xL x} tf] Ps ljBfyL{ b";/ ] ljBfyL{ sL lgd{dtf k'j{s xTof s/ s] Sof k|dfl0ft s/ gf rfxtf x} < kxrfg s] lnP Og sf gfd s'5 eL / vf hf ;stf x} . n] lsg tflnafg s] gfd k/ k] zfj/ s] ljBfly{of] + sL ;fd'lxs xTof d] + ;+nUg O; ;d"x d] + OG;flgot sL efjgf k"/ L t/ x ;] vTd xf] uO{ x} . k] zfj/ sL 36gf sf] tf] kfzljs eL gxL+ sxf hf ;stf Sof+] ls kz'cf] + d] + eL bof cf} / k|] d xf] tf x} . ox tf] dzLgL lqmofsnfk x} cf} / P] ;L dzLgf+] cf} / dzLg agfg] jfnf] + sL O; b'lgof d] + sf] O cfjZostf gxL+ x} .

cfg] jfn] lbgf] + d] + b'lgof aRrf] + cf} / pg s] arkg sf] arfg] s] lnP ls; xb ts ;kmn xf] uL ox tf] ktf gxL+ . n] lsg hxfF ts d] / L lhGbuL d] + cfg] jfn] lb;Da/ !^ sL

tf/ LVÞf sL aft x} , O; tf/ LVÞf s] lbg d} + v'b sf] OG;fg s] ¿k d] + k} bf xf] g] k/ zd{ h¿/ dx;"; s?+uf .

xfn xL d] + kfls: tfg s] k] zfj/ d] + Ps cfd{L : s"n d] + x'P cft+sL xdn] sf] n] s/ af‘nLj'8Þ cleg] tf cg'kd v] / g] cft+lsof] + sf] Ps v'nf vt lnvf x} . kq d] + cg'kd v] / g] lnvf,

x/ ;do cfk cft+sjfb sf vfTdf s/ g] s] lnP k|lta4

lbvt] xf] ,d} + yf] 8Þf ;f d/ tf x"+ .;r x} , yf] 8Þf–yf] 8Þf s/ s] d} + yf] 8ÞL b] /

;] d¿+uf .d} + ta d/ tf x"+ ha l;ljlnog Pl/ of d] +

ad lu/ fP hft] x} ,ha xf] : 6] h s] ;fdg] nf] u v8Þ] / xt] x} +,

ha Po/ nfOg xfO{h} s s/ nL hftL x} + cf} / dbb s] cefj d] + nf] u df/ ] hft] x} + cf} / ha lgxTyf] + sf] u'nfdf] + sL t/ x a] rf hftf x} .

n] lsg cfh ha cfkg] !#) ;] eL Hofbf df;"d aRrf] + sf] Ps : s"n d] + df/ 8Þfnf,

d'em] 8Þ/ nug] nuf x} ls d'emd] + s'5 eL gxL+ arf x} .

d} + gxL+ hfgtf t'Dxf/ f p2] Zo Sof yf,n] lsg t'dg] d'em] lh+bf nfz d] + abn

lbof . [email protected]

aRr] : s"n hf / x] x+} <

c?0f 7s'/L


pmhf{

j} lZjs : t/ k/ g] kfn sf] cfly{s ¿k ;] Ps sdhf] / / fi6« s] ¿k d] + jiff] {+ ;] hfgf hftf / xf x} .

bIf] ; / fi6«f] + d] + eL g] kfn s] df} h"bf / fhg} lts ;+s6 s] sf/ 0f cfly{s hh{/ tf ls;L ;] 5'kL gxL+ x} . k8Þf] ;L d'Ns ef/ t d] + g/ ] Gb| df] bL sL dha"t ;/ sf/ cfg] ;] xL g] kfn sL hh{/ cfly{s l: ylt sf] paf/ g] sL sjfob / fhgLlts ulnof/ f] + d] + u"+htL cf / xL x} . n] lsg ef/ t s] a8Þ] ;xof] u sf] cdnLhfdf v'b ef/ tLo k|wfgd+qL g/ ] Gb| df] bL g] g] kfn s] ;+;b d] + b; xhf/ s/ f] 8Þ ¿ko] s] ;xof] u s] ;fy kxgfof . O; ;xof] u sf dxTj df] bL sL gO{ ;/ sf/ cfg] s] ;fy xL cl: y/ / fhg} lts dfxf} n s] afjh"b Ps bzs aLt hfg] s] afb eL g] kfn d] + ;+ljwfg g ag kfgf ljsf; sL wLdL / km\tf/ sf] bzf{tf x} . lhg / fhg} lts bnf] + g] nf] stf+lqs ;+3iff] {+ s] an k/ / fhzfxL sf vfTdf s/ g] d] + Psh'6tf lbvfoL, j} ;L xL k'/ hf] / sf] lzz ;+ljwfg lgdf{0f d] + gxL+ lbvL . gtLhtg, b] z cfh cfly{s abxfnL s] bf} / ;] u'h/ / xf x} .

cfh tfhf l: ylt ox x} ls lahnL ;+s6 a9Þ uof x} cf} / g] kfn s] nf] u / f] hfgf b; 3+6] ;] Hofbf c+w] / f em] ng] sf] dha"/ x} + . lh; t/ x ;+ljwfg lgdf{0f d] + ;xdlt of ax'dt s] v] n ;] ;+ljwfg ca ts gxL+ ag kfof, p;L t/ x kfgL s] 7] s] bf/ f] + cf} / df] 6L / sd s] Pjh d] + ;/ sf/ L dxsdf] + d+] / : ;fs: ;L s] aLr cfhts t] / f;L xhf/ d] ufjf6 lahnL s] ;+efJo b] z d] + dxh ! xhf/ d] ufjf6 lahnL pTkfbg gxL+ lsof hf ;sf . b] z s] a9Þt] pBf] uf] + sf] lgaf{w

¿k ;] lahnL rflxP . ef/ t s] ;fy cu/ g] kfn sf] ckgf Jofkf/ 3f6f sd s/ gf x} tf]

g] kfn d] + 3/ ] n" pTkfbg a9Þfg] s] cnfjf cf} / sf] O{ rf/ f gxL+ . P] ;] d] + ljb] z ;] cfg] jfn] lgj] z eL a9Þt] pmhf{;+s6 ;] 36 uP x} + . hf] ljb] zL oxf+ lgj] z s/ gf rfxt] x} +, atfof hftf x} pGxf] +g] eL ckgf d'+x km] / lnof . O;

sf a8Þf pbfx/ 0f 6f6f ;d"x sf g] kfn d] + sf/ sL a8ÞL km} S6«L nufg] sf k|: tfj / 2 xf] gf x} .

Otgf xL gxL+, sdhf] / dhb"/ gLltof] + sL jhx ;] ef/ tLo lgj] zs

g] kfn d] + lgj] z s/ g] sf] pT;'s gxL+ x} + . dhb"/

gLltof+ g] kfn d] + / fhg} lts bn s] cg';f/ kl/ jlt{t xf] tL

/ xtL x} + . ;g\ !(() s] bzs ;] ca ts g] kfn d] + @$ ;/ sf/ ] +

agL cf} / sdf] a] z ;eL ;/ sf/ g] lgj] z, dhb"/ cf} / ljb] z gLltof] +

sf] ckg] : jfy{ s] cg';f/ km] / abn sL . ;/ sf/ ] + cl: y/ xf] g] k/ gLltof+

eL cl: y/ xf] tL rnL uO{+ lh;;] g] kfn d] + pDdLb s] d'tflas j} b] lzs lgj] z gxL+ cfof . O; sf k|ToIf c;/ g] kfn s] ;sn 3/ ] n" pTkfb k/ k8Þf . pTkfb 36g] k/ ljb] z ;] cfoft a9Þtf rnf uof cf} / ca ox cfnd x} ls cfwf/ e"t h¿/ L rLh] + h} ;] bfn, rfjn

pmhf{ ;+s6 ;] abxfn g] kfn

k|Nxfb lu/L

x/ ] s ;bL{ s] df} ;d d] + g] kfn d] + lahnL–cefj sf / f] gf / f] of hftf x} . / f] hfgf af/ x 3+6] lahnL u'n xf] g] ;] k/ ] zfg nf] u

O;sL c;nL jhx zfob xL hfg kfo] xf] + .

g] kfn d] + ceL lahnL pTkfbg ;] Hofbf 6«f+;ldzg nfOg sf cefj x} . Og nfOgf] + sf] agfg] d] + lahnL pTkfb

s/ g] h} ;f sf] O{ of] hgfa4 sfd gxL+ lsof uof . lh; t/ x lk5n] sO{ jif{ lahnL agfg] cf} / a] rg] s] ;Demf} t] d] + ;/ sf/ dzu"n / xL, p;L t/ x pTkflbt lahnL sf]

ljt/ 0f s/ g] s] lnP 6«f+;ldzg nfOg sf] agfg] d] + cu/ ptgf xL Wofg lbof hftf tf] cfh af/ x 3+6] lahnL u'n

/ xg] sL gf} at gxL+ cftL .

g]kfn–ef/t d}qL ;dfhåf/f cfof]lht hn tyf pmhf{ ljsf; ;Dd]ng sf pb\3f6g s/t] x'P cy{dGqL 8f= /fdz/0f dxt tyf ;dfh s] cWoIf k]|]d n:s/L

23lxdflngLhgj/L@)!%

pmhf{

eL g] kfn k8Þf] ;L d'Ns ef/ t of b";/ ] b] zf] + ;] cfoft s/ tf x} . cfh g] kfn Jofkf/ 3f6f ;] k/ ] zfg x} . xfnf+ls g] kfn d] + Jofkf/ 3f6] s] pu| cf+s8Þ] Þ s] afjh"b ljb] zL / ] ld6] G; cfg] ;] ljb] zL d'b|f ;+lrlt d] + sf] O{ c;/ gxL+ k8Þf x} .

x/ ] s ;bL{ s] df} ;d d] + g] kfn d] + lahnL–cefj sf / f] gf / f] of hftf x} . / f] hfgf af/ x 3+6] lahnL u'n xf] g] ;] k/ ] zfg nf] u O;sL c;nL jhx zfob xL hfg kfo] xf] + . j} ;] b] vf hfP tf] g] kfn d] + afl/ z s] df} ;d s] d'sfan] b";/ ] ;do d] + lahnL sL df+u !@)) d] ufjf6 kx'+r hftL x} cf} / pTkfbg 36s/ %)) d] ufjf6 d] +

l;d6 hftf x} . ceL g] kfn d] + ef/ t ;] d+ufO{ lahnL sf] n] s/ s'n &%) d] ufjf6 lahnL cfk"lt{ xf] tL x} . O; d] + ef/ t ;] k|fKt @%) d] ufjf6 lahnL zfldn x} . ;eL sf] ktf x} ls lahnL ;+s6 ;] g] kfn sL cy{Joj: yf k/ a'/ f c;/ k8Þ / xf x} hf] kxn] ;] xL ;+s6 d] + x} .

g] kfn s] ljsf; lgdf{0f d] + ;a;] a8Þ] cj/ f] ws g] kfn s] sdhf] / k"jf{wf/ x+} . ;a;] d'lZsn g] kfn sL lahnL pTkfbg s/ gf atfof hftf x} . ef} uf] lns ljs6tf, r/ d / fhgLlts cl: y/ tf, s'zf;g, e|i6 v/ Lb km/ f] Vt sL gLltof+, wLdf pTkfbg g] kfn s] cy{t+q sf] lr+ltt s/ tf x} . g] kfn d] + *# xhf/ d] ufjf6 kglahnL cf} / @^ xhf/ d] ufjf6 ;f} o{ pmhf{ sL ;+efjgf atfO{ hftL x} . n] lsg, a8ÞL–a8ÞL kglahnL of] hgf g agf

kfg] d] + / fhg} lts bnf] + sL cGt/ lgxLt : jfyL{ gLlt cf} / tyfslyt sldzgvf] / L ax't xbts lhDd] bf/ x} .ha–ha lahnL sf ;+s6 cftf, ta–ta g] tfcf] + sf] a8ÞL a8ÞL of] hgfcf] + sL ofb cftL x} . a8ÞL of] hgfPF ;do s] cg';f/ g ag kfgf, a9ÞtL dfu s] cg';f/ cfk"lt{ l;d6t] hfgf h} ;] cfwf/ e"t jhxf] + ;] Hofbf tTsfn ;dfwfg s] t/ km hft] ;/ sf/ L sbd sf] df} h"bf lahnL s] 6«f+;ldzg nfOg d] + sdL h} ;] cGt/ lglxt cj/ f] w s] rnt] , g] kfn k8Þf] ; ;] lahnL v/ Lb s/ eL lkmnxfn ;+s6 b"/ gxL+ s/ ;stf . g] kfn d] + ceL lahnL

pTkfbg ;] Hofbf 6«f+;ldzg nfOg sf cefj x} . Og nfOgf] + sf] agfg] d] + lahnL pTkfb s/ g] h} ;f sf] O{ of] hgfa4 sfd gxL+ lsof uof . lh; t/ x lk5n] sO{ jif{ lahnL agfg] cf} / a] rg] s] ;Demf} t] d] + ;/ sf/ dzu"n / xL, p;L t/ x pTkflbt lahnL sf] ljt/ 0f s/ g] s] lnP 6«f+;ldzg nfOg sf] agfg] d] + cu/ ptgf xL Wofg lbof hftf tf] cfh af/ x 3+6] lahnL u'n / xg] sL gf} at gxL+ cftL .

g] kfn sf x/ o'jf cfh go] cf} / ;d[4 g] kfn s] lnP ptfjnf x} . jx / f] huf/ , lzIff, cfly{s : jfjn+ag sfo{qmd h} ;] ;jfnf] + k/ sfkmL u+eL/ x} . gf} hjfg ;sf/ fTds abnfj rfxt] x} + . pGx] + tfst bL hfgL rflxo] . uf} / tna x} ls g] kfn d] + v'b s] pBf] u cf} / lahg] ; a9Þg] nu] x} + . k/ O; lx;fa ;] gf} hjfgf] + sf] gf} s/ L

gxL+ ldn / xL x} . j] nf] u ca eL gf} s/ L s] lnP b] z ;] afx/ hfg] s] lnP dha"/ x} + .;/ sf/ sf] rflxP ls b] z sL hgzlQm s] lnP / f] huf/ sL sf] O{ ljz] if of] hgf agfP . P] ;] / f] huf/ a9Þt] pmhf{ ;+s6 s] lnP to sL hfg] jfnL of] hgfcf] + d] + eL ag ;st] x} + .

pTkfbg sf nIo lgwf{/ 0f s/ gf cf} / nfO;] +; dfq b] g] ;] pmhf{ ljsf; d] + k|efjsfl/ tf gxL+ cf ;sL x} . lahnL pTkfbg cf} / p; s] pkef] u sL ;'lglZrttf s] lnP pTkfbg k|lqmof sf] ;do s] cg';f/ 9Þfns/ pTkfbgd'vL agft] x'P ljt/ 0f d] + Psflwsf/ sf cGTo eL xf] gf rflxP . teL u'+hfOz / x] uL lahnL pTkfbg cf} / O;s] ljt/ 0f sL . Ps ;] Hofbf ljt/ 0fstf{ / xg] k/ k|lt: kwf{ a9Þ] uL . nf] uf] + sf] ;: t] d] + lahnL ldn kfPuL . ha ts kglahnL h} ;] lgtf+t cfjZos k"jf{wf/ sf g] kfn d] + af] nafnf gxL+ xf] uf, ta ts Unf] an Osf‘gdL of afhf/ Joj: yf sf df‘8Þn of pbf/ Ls/ 0f sL cy{Joj: yf a+b unL s] b/ jfh] k/ / x] uL . pmhf{ ;+s6 dxf;+s6 x} . O;;] b] z d+bL d] + rnf hftf x} . b] z sh{ s] af] em ;] bas/ ut{ d] + rnf hftf x} . cfjZos x} ahf/ jfbL cy{Joj: yf nfgf . k/ , ox teL ;+ej x} ha / fhg] tf O;] ckgL sd{of] hgf agfP+ .

cfly{s pbf/ Ls/ 0f s] lnP ;/ sf/ sf] pbf/ cy{t+q s] dd{ sf] ;demgf rflxP . kglahnL ljsf; g] kfn s] ;d[4 xf] t] cfly{s zlQm sf] phfu/ s/ g] d] + kxnL ;L+9L x} . ;/ sf/ sf] rflxP ls pko'Qm Jofkf/ d} qL gLlt cf} / lgodgsf/ L ;+oGq agfP . O; d] + ahf/ Ls/ 0f lghL If] q sf] b] gf eL Ps dxTjk"0f{ lg0f{o xf] gf rflxP . b] z d] + pknAw >d, k|fs[lts ;+kbf cf} / lgj] z sf] a[xt cfo d] + cf} / lxt d] + s] +lb|t s/ g] s] lnP Ps a8ÞL ;f] r ;lxt pko'Qm gLlt cf} / dfxf} n cfjZos x} . b] z d] + a8Þ] k} dfg] k/ a] / f] huf/ L x} . ljsf; b/ d] + lu/ fj6 x} . h¿/ L rLhf] + sL sLdt] + cf;dfg 5" / xL x} + .

-n] vs a} +s;{ k|lzIf0f s] Gb| s] ;xfos lgb] zs x} +_

[email protected]

pTkfbg sf nIo lgwf{/ 0f s/ gf cf} / nfO;] +; dfq b] g] ;] pmhf{ ljsf; d] + k|efjsfl/ tf gxL+ cf ;sL x} . lahnL pTkfbg cf} / p; s] pkef] u sL ;'lglZrttf s] lnP pTkfbg k|lqmof sf] ;do s] cg';f/ 9Þfns/ pTkfbgd'vL agft] x'P ljt/ 0f d] + Psflwsf/ sf cGTo eL xf] gf rflxP . teL u'+hfOz / x] uL

lahnL pTkfbg cf} / O;s] ljt/ 0f sL .

;Dd]ng sf] ;Daf]wg s/t] x'P cy{dGqL 8f= /fdz/0f dxt


ljrf/ dLdf+;f

uf] wg sL dxQf–kljq–/ Iff sf j0f{ j] bf] +, k'/ f0ff] +, wd{ zf: qf] + d] + xL gxL+, k"jL{o cy{zf: q,

sf} l6No cy{zf: q tyf P] ltxfl;s u|Gyf] + d] + k9Þg] sf] , b] vg] sf] ldn ;stf x} . ;eL nf] u hfgt] –dfgt] cfP x} ls …jb] Ú o1fy{ k|s6 x'P x} . lh; j] b sf] Clifu0f g] b] vf …Cifof] dGqb|i6f/ MÚ . oxL j] b >'t k/ Dk/ f ;] cgflb sfn ;] cft] x'P lxGb" ;gftg wd{ sf …lz/ df} / Ú x} . j] b sd{sf08Þ k|wfg x} , hf] ljz] iftM o1fy{ k|ltkfbs x} . j] bf] + d] + o1 sf j0f{g s/ t] –s/ t] j} lbs dGqf] + d] + uf} s] dxTj sf] k|ltkflbt s/ g] s] lnP cg] sfg] s ;"Qm -dGq_ ;+u|lxt x} +, lhg d] + : jtGq ¿k ;] Uof/ x–afx/ ;"Qm x} + cf} / Ogs] cltl/ Qm ljleGg b] jtfcf] + s] ;"Qmf] + d] + eL xhf/ f] + dGq P] ;] x} , lhg d] + uf} ;DaGwL a8Þf xL dxTjk"0f{ Pj+ dfld{s j0f{g x} .

j] bf] + d] + ufo sf] …c3GofÚ sxf uof x} , lh;sf cy{ x} , cjWo . oxL cjWo uf} k|f0fL cfh g] kfn–ef/ t d] + If'b|: jfy{ s] sf/ 0f ljf{eGg ¿k d] + sf6] hf / x] x+} , hf] dxtL lrGtf sf ljifo x} . uf] jw lgif] w sf ;+s] t O; k|: t't Znf] s ;] ldntf x} –

dftf ?bf0ff+ b'lxtf j;"gf+: j;f˜˜lbTogfdd[t: o gfleM .k| g' jf] r+ lrlst'if] hgfodf ufdgf ufdlblt+ jlwi6 .. -CUj] b–

*.!)!.!%_cyf{t\ ufo zq'cf] + sf] ?nfg] jfn] jL/

d?tf] + sL dftf, j;'cf] + sL sGof, cflblt k'qf] + sL axg cf} / cd[t sL dfgf] + vfg xL x} . ctM d} + ljj] sL dg'iof] + ;] 3f] if0ffk"j{s sxgf rfxtf x"F ls lg/ k/ fw cf} / cjWo uf} sf jw g s/ ] + .

ufo sf] j] b d] + ljZj¿k sxf uof x} , hf] cfu] s] dGq ;] : ki6 xf] tf x} –

clblt Bf] / flblt/ GIfdlbltdf{tf ; lktf ; k'qM .

ljZj] b] jf clbltM k~r hgf clblt hftd lblth{lgTjd\ -C=!.*.!)_

cyf{t\ clblt xL B'nf] s x} , clblt xL cGtl/ Iff x} , clblt xL dftf x} , clblt xL lktf x} , clblt xL k'q x} , clblt xL ;f/ ] b] jtf x} , clblt xL ctLt sL j: t'PF x} cf} / eljio d] + xf] g] jfnf ;a s'5 clblt x} . clblt cyf{t\ uf} .

ufo dfgj sf] ;a k|sf/ ;] sNof0f s/ g] jfnL dftf x} . P] ;f efj O; CUj] bLo dGq d] + : ki6 lsof uof x} –

cf ufjf] cUdGg't eb|dqmG;LbGt' uf] i7] / 0foGTjj: d] .

k|hfjtLM k'?ifkf Ox : o'l/ Gb|fo k"jL{?if;f] b'xfgfM .. -C= ^.@*.!_

cyf{t\ ufo] + cf uO{ x+} , hf] xdf/ f sNof0f lsof . P] ;L ufo] + uf] zfnfcf] + d] + a} +7] tyf xd] ;'v b] +, oxFf pQd a58Þf] -aRrf] +_ ;] o'Qm Pj+ ljleGg ¿kjfnL xf] + . j] OGb| s] lnP piffsfn s] k"j{ b"w b] g] jfnL ag] + . cyj{j] b s] $.@!.! j} + ;"Qm d] + eL oxL efj ;dflji6 x} .

j] b d] + uf] bfg sL a8ÞL xL dlxdf ufoL uO{ x} , oyf–

Tj] cUg] : jfx't lk|of;M ;Gt' ;"/ oMoGtf/ f] o] d3jfgf] hgfgk"jf{g boGt

uf] gfd -C= & !^.&_ .CUj] b s] !.@%.!^ j] + ;"Qm d] + uf] r/ e"ld

sL dlxdf avfgL uO{ x} .j] b tyf j} lbs ;gftg wd{u|Gyf] + d] +

s] jn ufo sL dlxdf sf j0f{g xL gxL+ lsof uof clkt' uf] / ; b|Jo sL dlxdf sf j0f{g eL a9Þr9Þ s/ lsof uof x} . uf] / ; b|Jo ;] a9Þs/ sf] O{ b|Jo gxL+ x} . TjdUg] j;"Fl/ x ?b|fF cflbTofF pt .

ohf : jWj/ + hg+ dg'hft+ 3[tk|od\ .. -C= !.$%.!_

cyf{t\ x] cUg] Û t" O; o1 d] + j;', ?b|, cflbTo cf} / 3L ;] 8Þ"aL x'O{ cfx'ltofF b] g] jfn] tyf pQd o1 s/ g] jfn] dfgj sf ;fTsf/ s/ .

oxfF Ps kf} / fl0fs syf sf ;+If] k ;f/ lbof hftf x} , lh;] hfgg] ;] uf] wg sL dxQf s] af/ ] d] + kf7s ju{ hfg ;st] x} + ls uf} Sof j: t' x} , O;] Sof] + arfgf rflxP– lqj] 0fL s] hn d] + cfs07 8Þ"as/ dxlif{ tk s/ / x] y] . ls;L dNnfx s] hfn d] + d5lnof] + s] ;fy Ps tkf] lgi7 dxlif{ eL kmF; uP . dNnfx dxlif{ sf] 5f] 8Þgf rfxtf yf, dxlif{ sxt] y] ls d'em] eL d5lnof] + s] ;fy a] r bf] . dNnfxf] + cf} / dxlif{ s] aLr O; aft sf] n] s/ åGå a9Þf tf] ;d: of ;dfwfgfy{ p; / fHo s] / fhf s] kf; hfof uof . / fhf g] dxlif{ sf d"No b] gf rfxf– nfv, bf] nfv,

cfwf/ fHo, k"/ f/ fHo, hf] eL d"No / fhf b] tf dxlif{ qm'4 xf] hft] . Sof d] / f d"No

Ps / fHo xL x} < / fhf 3a/ f uof . cGt d] + åGå

;dfwfgfy{ Ps …uf} Ú ;fdg] pkl: yt sL uO{– ufo sf]

b] v dxlif{ xF;] cf} / af] n] – d} + xf/ uof, t'd hLt] . uf} s]

Ps / f] d a/ fa/ eL d] / f d"No gxL+ x} . tLgf] + e'jg d] + ufo ;]

a9Þs/ sf] O{ d"Nojfg rLh gxL+ x} . O;LlnP tf] lxGb'cf] + sf sf] O{ P] ;f d+unsfo{ gxL+ xf] uf, lh; d] + uf] bfg g xf] tf xf] . ufo sL k|blIf0ff s/ g] ;] k[YjL k|blIf0ff s/ g] sf kmn ldntf x} . uf} s] / f] d–/ f] d d] + Clifof] + sf af; x} , uf] d"q d] + u+uf, uf] a/ d] + nIdL lgjf; s/ tL x} + .

wd{zf: q tf] …uf] wg sL dxQf cf} / kljqtf sf j0f{g s/ tf xL x} , sf} l6No cy{zf: q d} + uf] kfng cf} / uf] / Iff sfo{ sf lj: t[t ljj] rg ldntf x} . sf} l6No g] sxf x} ls lh; e"ld d] + v] tL g xf] p; e"ld sf] uf] r/ agfof hfP . O; k|sf/ uf] wg cy{–wd{ bf] gf] + sf kf] ifs x} . cy{ ;] xL sfd sL cf} / wd{ ;] df] If sL l;l4 xf] tL x} . uf] wg ;] wd{–cy{–sfd–df] If sf] ;jf] {Rr : yfg k|bfg lsof uof x} . wd{zf: qfg'ofoL nf] u rt'j{u{ k|fKToy{ uf] wg sL ljz] iftf sf] ckg] hLjg d] + : yfg b] + uf] –;] jf Pj+ uf] / Iff s/ ] + . O;s]

uf] wg sL cfjZostf cf} / / Iff Sof] + <

/d]z emf

lxGb"cf] + sf sf] O{ P] ;f d+unsfo{ gxL+ xf] uf, lh; d] + uf] bfg g xf] tf xf] . ufo sL k|blIf0ff s/ g]

;] k[YjL k|blIf0ff s/ g] sf kmn ldntf x} . uf} s] / f] d–/ f] d d] + Clifof] + sf af; x} , uf] d'q d] + u+uf, uf] a/ d] + nIdL lgjf; s/ tL x} + .

25lxdflngLhgj/L@)!%

ljrf/ dLdf+;f

cltl/ Qm hf] nf] u wd{zf: q d] + cf: yf k|s6 gxL+ s/ t] xf] +, pGx] + cy{ sfd l;l4 s] lnP cy{zf: qcg';f/ uf] kfng Pj+ p;sL j+z j[l4 sf k|of; s/ ] +, lh;;] ;j{hglxt ;'/ lIft xf] –

uf} sL dlxdf atnft] x'P wd{zf: q g] sxf x} – ;j] {iffd] j e"tfgf+ ufjM z/ 0fd'Qmdd\ . cyf{t\ ;eL k|fl0fof] + sf] uf} sL z/ 0f d] + hfgf pQd x} .

cfh xdf/ ] ;dfh d] + kfZrfTo ;Eotf–;+: s[lt sf Otgf k|an b'ik|efj k8Þ / xf x} ls xd pgs] cGweQm xf] ckgL dxQL lzIff k4lt, ;Eotf, ;+: s[lt ;asf cGwfg's/ 0f s/ / x] x} + cf} / oxfF ts lu/ r's] x} ls ckgL hggL cf} / hGde"ld sf] eL Tofug] d] + ;+sf] r of zd{ gxL+ s/ t] . xd ckgL j] b, k'/ f0f, wd{zf: qg'df] lbt aftf] + ;] cgle1 xf] g] ;] hLjgf] +kof] uL uf} ;] jf s] ;fy ;fy zf: qLo wfld{s a'l4 ;] b"/ xf] t] hf / x] x} +, kl/ 0ffdtM ;fdflhs, wfld{s, ;f+: s[lts, cfly{s, z} lIfs ljz[+vntf xd cfks] ;fdg] x} . hf] dxfg ;fdflhs lrGtf sf ljifo ag uof x} .

cGofo–cTofrf/ a9Þ hfg] k/ >L eujfg s] kf; >Ls[i0f ¿k d] + cjtf/ u|x0f s/ g] sL k|fy{gf s/ g] s] lnP e"b] jL …uf] ¿kÚ wf/ 0f s/ s] uO{ yL . e"b] jL -w/ tL_ cf} / uf}

xdf/ L dftf+ x} , dxfslj sflnbf; O;L efj sf] O; k|sf/ k|s6 s/ t] x} +– h'uf] k uf] ¿k wf/ ldjf] jL{o

o+ ;j{z} nfM kl/ sNKo jT;+k[y"klbi6f+ b'x'x'w{l/ qLd\ cflb .eujfg >Ls[i0f ckg] cjtf/ sf

k|yd st{Jo ;dem o1f] + sL j[l4 s] åf/ f uf] –a|fXd0f sL / Iff s/ gf– gdf] a|Xd0o b] jfo uf] a|fXd0f lxtfo r . hul4tfo s[i0ffo uf] ljGbfo gdf] gdM . o1fy{ b|Jo z'l4 s] lnP ufof] + sf kljq 3L ;j{k|wfg x} tf] dGq z'l4 s/ gf a|fXd0f sf st{Jo x} . ctM uf] / Iff o1 / Iff sf k|wfg ;fwgf x} cf} / o1 / Iff ;] xL nf} lss–k/ nf} +lss k|k~r sL / Iff xf] tL x} + . cfw'lgs nf} lss g] tf u0f, lrlsT;s u0f g] O; aft sf] ;j{yf : jLsf/ lsof cf} / ;+:sf/ e/ sf] ;Gb] z lbof x} ls ufo sf b"w xL hut s] dxf/ f] uf] + sL cr"s bjf x} . wd{zf: qf] + d] + k~ruJo k|fzg s] dxTj s] ;Gbe{ d] + xhf/ f] + jiff] {+ ;] O; dGq sf kf7 lsof hftf / xf x} – ot Tjul: yut+ kfk+ b] x] lti7ltdfds] . k|fzg+ k~ruJo: o bxTolUgl/ j] Gwgd\ .. cyf{t\ cfl: ywd{ d] + hf] kfk ljBdfg x} , j] k~ruJok|fzg ;] j} ;] xL eid xf] hfP, h} ;] clUg ;] ns8ÞL .

s'i7, rd{ dxf/ f] uf] + s] lnP ufo sf b"w cg'ejl;4 cf} iflw x} , ufo uf] a/ b'u{Gw b"/ s/ tf x} tf] / f] u sL6f0f'cf] + sf gfz s/ tf x} . ctM uf} ;] jf cf} / uf} / If0f dfgjhLjg s] lnP clgjfo{ yf, jxL clgjfo{tf xdf/ ] aLr xf] gL rflxP . uf] / If0f s] lnP >Ls[i0f uf] jwg{ kj{t sf] p7f lnP y] . / fd/ fHo d] + uf] dftf sf lstgf cfb/ yf, O; aft sf dxlif{ gf/ b g] atfof x} ls eujfg / fd g] b; xhf/ s/ f] 8Þ uf} cf] + sf bfg lsof, ujf+ sf] 6\oo't+ bTjf ==== af=/ f= !.!.(% . O;;] eL uf} sL k|lti7f : yflkt xf] tL x} , uf] : jfdL t'n;L bf; g] uf} sL dxQf bzf{t] x'P sxf x} ls uf] låhlxtsf/ L . k|e' dof{bf k'?iff] Qd / fd ¿k d] + k|s6 xf] g] s] k|d'v sf/ 0f …uf] Ú lxt eL x} – ljk|w] g' ;'/ ;+Gt lxt nLGxdg'h cjtf/ . ctM xdf/ ] b] z s] zf;sf] + sf] rflxP ls uf} cf] + sL dxQf, uf] / If0f sL lrGtf s/ t] x'P uf] lx+;f lgjf/ 0f cf} / uf] j+z j[l4 ;+/ If0f sfo{ sL pk] Iff g s/ ] + . O;L d] + ;a sf sNof0f lglxt x} –

ufjf] + ejf] + ufj OGb|f] df OR5fbM efjM ;f] d: o k|yd: o eIfM .

Odf of ufjM ; hgf;\, OGb| OR5fld x[bf dg;f r] lGb|od\ ..


l/kf]6{

s~rgf emf

/ Ldf s'df/ L ofbj ca O; b'lgof d] + gxL+ / xL . af/ x jif{ sL O; aRrL g] ceL

k"/ L t/ x ;] b'lgof b] vL eL g yL ls rn a;L . lk5n] ;Ktfx sL aft x} , / Ldf / ft sf] crfgs sfFkg] nuL . ljkGg kl/ jf/ sL O; aRrL sf] c: ktfn n] hfg] d] + ax't b] / xf] uO{ . ufFj sL aft, c: ktfn tf] zx/ d]+ x} cf} / pkrf/ s/ fg] s] lnP ax't Hofbf k} ;f rflxP . k} ;f hdf s/ g] d] + ax't ;do nu uof cf} / ha ts aRrL sf] c: ktfn n] hfof uof ta ts jx O; b'lgof ;] rn a;L yL . c: ktfn s] lrlsT;s s] cg';f/ gGxL ;L O; aRrL sL df} t 7+8 s] sf/ 0f xL x'O{ .

j} ;] / Ldf cs] nL gxL+ lh;sL 7+8 s] sf/ 0f hfg uO{ xf] . lk5n] jif{ sL t/ x O; jif{ eL 7+8 s] sf/ 0f nueu bf] bh{g nf] uf] + sL hfg hf r'sL x} . ox va/ t} of/ s/ g] ts dxf] Q/ L d] + &, / f} tx6 d] + &, l;/ xf d] + $

cf} / k;f{ d] + @ nf] uf] + sL df} t 7+8 s] sf/ 0f xf] r'sL x} . t/ fO{ sL cGo lhnf] + ;] eL 7+8 s] sf/ 0f df} t xf] g] sL va/ ] + cf / xL x} . ox ;+Vof lg/ Gt/ a9ÞtL hf / xL x} . jf: tj d] + b] vf hfo tf] 7+8 ;] hfg ujfgf t/ fO{ dw] z s] @@ lhn] s] nf] uf] + sL lgolt xL ag uoL x} . x/ / f] h nf] uf] + sL hfg hf / xL x} , n] lsg ;/ sf/ df} g x} , laNs'n r'krfk .

;/ sf/ sL u} / lhDd] jf/ L sL k/ fsfi7f tf] ta lbvfO{ bL ha g] kfn ;/ sf/ s] u[x d+qfno s] k|jStf nIdL k|;fb 9sfn g] Ps 6] nLlehg ;] aft s/ t] x'P sxf– ;~rf/ dfWod 7+8 sL va/ sf] clt/ l~ht s/ / xf x} . pGxf+] g] : ki6 zAbf] + d] + sxf ls 7+8 s]

sf/ 0f ls;L sL df} t x'O{ x} O;sL clwsfl/ s hfgsf/ L ;/ sf/ sf] gxL+ . pGxf+] g] ox eL sxf ls ha hfgsf/ L cfo] uL tf] b] vf

hfo] uf . j} ;] eL nf] uf] + sf] rflxP sL ckgL ;'/ Iff : jo+ s/ ] . ;/ sf/ ;eL sf] ud{ sk8Þ] Þ cf} / sDan gxL b] ;stL x} , o] sxgf u[x dGqfno s] kjQmf 9sfn sf yf .

jf: tj d] + b] vf hfo tf] zLtnx/ Ps cfkmt x} t/ fO{ s] nf] uf] + s] lnP . j} ;] tf] ;/ sf/ g] eL O; cj: yf sf] ljkbf sf bhf{ lbof x} . n] lsg l;km{ ljkbf sf bhf{ b] g] ;] gxL+ xf] tf O;;] arg] sL t} of/ L ceL eL s'5 gxL+ . j} ;] tf] x/ gful/ s sf] ckgf cf} / ckg] kl/ jf/ sL / Iff s/ gL rflxP n] lsg

syg sbflrt cfk P] ;f gxL+ s/ ;st] x} + tf] o] g} lts lhDd] jf/ L ;/ sf/ k/ cf

zLtnx/ sf sx/

sf] x/ f sf sx/

;jf] {Rr cbfnt g] k|To] s gful/ s sf] hLg] sf clwsf/

x} atnft] x'P zLtnx/ ;] xf] g] jfnL Iflt Go"gLs/ 0f s] lnP sbd rnfg] s] lnP ;/ sf/ sf Wofgfsif{0f lsof yf . GofofwL; lul/ z rGb| nfn

cf} / rf] n] Gb| zd;] / sL ;+o'St Ohnf; g] sDan, jf;: yfg

lgdf{0f cf} / : yfgLo lgsfo s] dfkm{t cGo cfjZos Joj: yf ldnfg] sf cfb] z eL lbof

yf . O; lx;fa ;] b] vf hfo tf] u[x k|jQmf sL cleJolSt

g l;km{ u} / lhDd] jf/ L lbvftL x} alNs ox tf] cbfnt s] cfb] z sL cjdfggf eL x} .

7+8 s] bf} / fg ckg] cfk sf] ud{

/ vgf cfjZos x} . plrt vfgkLg

s/ gf rflxP cf} / sf] lzz oxL / xgL

rflxP sL z/ L/ s] ;eL c+u 9s] xf] + .

27lxdflngLhgj/L@)!%

l/kf]6{

hftL x} . zLtnx/ s] sf/ 0f sO{ nf] uf] + sL hfg rn] hfg] s] afb g] kfn s] ;jf] {Rr cbfnt g] ;/ sf/ sf] km6sf/ nufoL yL . s/ La tLg ;fn kxn] @)^* kf}if & ut] b] z s] ;jf] {Rr cbfnt g] k|To] s gful/ s sf] hLg] sf clwsf/ x} atnft] x'P zLtnx/ ;] xf] g] jfnL Iflt Go"gLs/ 0f s] lnP sbd rnfg] s] lnP ;/ sf/ sf Wofgfsif{0f lsof yf . GofofwL; lu/L z rGb| nfn cf} / rf] n] Gb| zd;] / sf ;+o'St Ohnf; g] sDan, jf;: yfg lgdf{0f cf} / : yfgLo lgsfo s] dfkm{t cGo cfjZos Joj: yf ldnfg] sf cfb] z eL lbof yf . O; lx;fa ;] b] vf hfo tf] u[x k|jQmf sL cleJolSt g l;km{ u} / lhDd] jf/ L lbvftL x} alNs ox tf] cbfnt s] cfb] z sL cjdfggf eL x} . ;jf] {Rr s] km} ;n] s] afb eL zLtnx/ lj?4 sf] O{ vf; t} of/ L gxL+ x'O{ x} .

ca tf] P] ;f xf] uof x} ls a8Þ] a'h'u{ tf] h} ;] lhGbuL ;] xf/ r's] x} + . ckg] 3/ cfo] d] xdfg ;] aft s/ t] x'P wg'iff s] &@ jifL{o a] bfgGb kf7s d} lynL h'jfg d] + sxt] x+} – hF cxL hf8Þ d]+ a+} r u] nf} + t km] / e] 6 x] a] s/ t -cu/ O; hf8Þ] d] + ar uof tf] lkm/ d'nfst xf] uL_ . tf] jxL l;/ xf s] r+b] Zj/ ofbj sf sxgf ls O;af/ hL uof tf] ax't s'5 b] v"+uf . o] aft] + s] jn OgsL gxL+ x} + o] syg pg xhf/ f] + nf] uf] + sf x} hf] Ps zLtnx/ kf/ s/ hft] x} + tf] ;demt] x} + ls O;af/ tf] ar uof ca cun] jif{ Sof xf] uf <

pQ/ klZrdL jfo' s] sf/ 0f lk5n] s/ La tLg ;Ktfx ;] t/ fO{ s] @@ lhnf] + d] + zLtnx/ rn / xL x} . lk5n] jiff] {+ d] + ox ;fdfGotM k"; dxLg] s] b";/ ] ;Ktfx ;] z'? xf] tL yf n] lsg O; jif{ tLg ;Ktfx kxn] cf uoL zLtnx/ . ;g !(*) ts zLtnx/ s] af/ ] d] + t/ fO{ s] nfuf] + sf] ktf eL gxL+ yf . xf] tf eL s} ;] , ef/ tLo ;Ldf ;] h'8Þ] g] kfn s] blIf0fjtL{ O; If] q d] + jif{ s] !) dxLg] tf] udL{ xL k8ÞtL x} . nueu @ dxLg] hf8Þf / xtf x} cf} / p;d] + s/ La Ps dxLgf zLtnx/ . pi0f k|b] z xf] g] s] sf/ 0f oxfF s] nf] u hf8Þ] s] lnP ptgf t} of/ eL gxL+ / xt] . : j] 6/ , Hofs] 6, sDan of / hfO{ sL kof{Kt Joj: yf gxL+ s/ t] . cf} / P] ;L cj: yf d] + PsfPs z'? xf] hftL x} zLtnx/ cf} / / ft lbg l77'/ g] s] cnfjf cf} / sf] O{ / f: tf xL gxL+ / xtf t/ fO{ s] nf] uf] + s] lnP .

sf7df+8Þ" l: yt df} ;d k"jf{g'dfg dxfzfvf sf sxgf x} ls zLtnx/ s'5 lbg cf} / / x] uL . df} ;d d] + cfo] O; kl/ jt{g sf sf/ 0f 9"+9Þg] sL sf] lzz hf/ L x} . lkmnxfn df} ;d lj1f] + sf dfggf x} ls ef/ t s]

klZrd a+ufn, laxf/ , pQ/ k|b] z cf} / k+hfa / fHo d] + x'O{ s[lif qmflGt cf} / cf} Bf] lus/ 0f s] sf/ 0f pQ/ ef/ t s] ;fy–;fy g] kfn s] blIf0ffjtL{ lhnf] + d] + zLtnx/ sf k|sf] k lbv / xf x} . lj1f] + sf sxgf x} ls hf8Þf dxLgf z'? xf] g] ;] s'5 xL kxn] v] tf] + d] + sL uoL l;+rfO{ s] sf/ 0f jx kfgL jfikLs/ 0f xf] s/

afo'd08Þn d] + hftf x} cf} / jfik jfnL xjf d] + ljleGg pBf] u ;] lgsn] w'cfF, w"ns0f cf} / cGo k|b"if0f ldns/ df] 6L k/ t agf n] t] x} + . afo'd08Þn d] + ag] O; k|b"if0f sL df] 6L k/ t ;"/ h sL ls/ 0ff] + sf] k[YjL k/ cfg] ;] / f] stL x} cf} / z'? xf] tL x} zLtnx/ .

zLtnx/ s] sf/ 0f lk5n] dxLg] t/ fO{ lhnf sf cf} ;t tfkdfg !) l8Þu|L ;] lN;o; s] cf;kf; / xf . tfkdfg s] lx;fa ;] b] vf hfo tf] ox hfgn] jf gxL+ x} n] lsg ;d: of ox x} ls sO{ lbgf] + ts ;"o{ b] j lbvfO{ eL gxL+ b] t] . ;'ax, bf] kx/ , zfd of / ft, ;do hf] eL xf] tfkdfg Ps ;dfg . ;a s'5 eL+uf eL+uf ;f . afx/ 3gf sf] x/ f lh;s] sf/ 0f ;fdg] sL rLh+] eL lbvfO{ gxL+ b] tL . afhf/ nueu ;"g;fg, / fhdfu{ d] + ;jf/ L ;fwg gxL+ cf} / lelhlaln6L sd xf] g] s] sf/ 0f xjfO{ ;] jf eL 7Kk . o] kxnf cg'ej gxL+ x} t/ fO{ If] q d] + / x / x] nf] uf] + sf . ca tf] ox l: ylt x/ jif{ cftL x} , bf] rf/ bh{g] + hfg hftL x} . : yfgLo k|zf;g cf} krfl/ stf k"/ f s/ g] s] lnP s'5 rf} s rf} / fx] k/ hnfjg sL Joj: yf s/ b] tL x} cf} / O;L t/ x zLtnx/ vTd xf] hftL x} .

zLtnx/ vTd xf] t] xL cvaf/ jfnf] + sL va/ ] + sd xf] hftL x} cf} / ;/ sf/ sf ;/ bb{ eL vTd . n] lsg t/ fO{ s] nf] uf] + d] + zLtnx/ s] hVd e/ g] d] + sfkmL ;do nu hftf x} . vf;s/ lh; kl/ jf/ d] + j[4 cf} / afns xf] + pGx+] Hofbf ;tftL x} zLtnx/ . a[4 cf} / afnsf] + d] + ;bL{, h'sfd, a'vf/ , lgdf] lgof h} ;] : jf; k|Zjf; cf} / clt;f/ sL ;d: of Hofbf b] vL hftL x} . 8ÞfS6/ ljho s'df/ l;+x sxt] x} +– 7+8 s] bf} / fg ckg] cfk sf] ud{ / vgf cfjZos x} . plrt vfgkLg s/ gf rflxP cf} / sf] lzz oxL / xgL rflxP sL z/ L/ s] ;eL c+u 9s] xf] + . vf;s/ ha 7+8ÞL xjf rn / xL xf] tf] cgfjZos 3/ ;] afx/ g

zLtnx/ s] k"j{ sL t} of/ L

l ud{ sk8Þ] sL Joj: yf s/ ] +l kf] if0f o'St vfgf vfPFl 3/ sL 5t cf} / bLjfn sf] cR5L

t/ x ;] 9s n] +lgi6 g xf] g] jfnL ;AhL sf] 9 Þs b] +lkz'wg sf] 9+sg] s] lnP Joj: yf

s/ ] +

: jf: y s] lnP Sof s/ ] <+l z/ L/ s] ;eL c+uf] sf] 9s s/

/ v] lrgf, d6/ , bfn h} ;] kf] if0f o'St

vfgf vfPF

lu'8Þ cf} / ltn sf Hofbf O: tdfn s/ ] +lu/ d kfgL Hofbf ;] Hofb kLo] +lue{jtL dlxnf, afnaflnsf cf} /

a[4a[4f Hofbf ;fjwfg / x] +lPsfPs Hofb 7+8 dx;"; xf] tf]

lrlsT;s sL k/ fdz{ n] lcTofjZos sfd g xf] tf] 3/ ;]

g lgsn] l;jf/ L ;fwg rnfg] s] ;do

ljz] if ;fjwfgL ckgfo] +llelhlaln6L sd xf] tf] ofqf

g s/ ] + .


lgsng] sL ;nfx b] t] x+} 8ÞfS6/ l;+x . s'5 nf] u ckg] sf] ud{ / vg] s] lnP dlb/ f ;] jg s/ t] x} n] lsg 8Þf‘S6/ l;+x sf dfggf x} ls ox ax't xL vt/ gfs x} . O;L t/ x Hofbf b] / cfu s] kf; a} 7g] ;] w'+cf s] sf/ 0f Zjf; k|Zjf; sL ;d: of xf] g] sL cfz+sf eL / xtL x} . vf;s/ pRr / Strfk s] / f] luof] + sf] ] cf} / eL ;+en s] / xg] sL ;nfx b] t] x} + lrlsT;s l;+x . P] ;] nf] uf] + d] + x[bof3ft xf] g] sL ;+efjgf Hofbf xf] tL x} cf} / Otgf s/ g] s] afah'b eL s'5 xf] uof tf] tTsfn ghbLs s] c: ktfn of lrlsT;s s] kf; hfg] sL ;nfx b] t] x} +, 8Þf‘S6/ l;+x . n] lsg e|i6frf/ cf} / clgoldttf s] sf/ 0f t/ fO{ If] q s] clwsf+z c: ktfn sL cj: yf hL0f{ x} . sO{ nf] u tf] c: ktfn hfg] sf dtna df} t sf] hNbL a'nfgf ;demt] x} cf} / hfgf gxL+ rfxt] .

@! jL+ ;bL d] + zLtnx/ s] sf/ 0f d[To' xf] gf b] z s] lnP zd{ sL aft x} . n] lsg u/ LaL ;] h"emt] O; b] z d] + bh{gf] + JolSt zLtnx/ s] sf/ 0f d/ / x] x+} . j} ;] d[To' zLtnx/ s] sf/ 0f gxL+ j/ g u/ LaL s] sf/ 0f xL xf] / xL x} . udL{ s] df} ;d d] + tf] nf] u h} ;] t} ;] / x hft] x} n] lsg hf8Þ] d] + ;/ 5'kfg] s] lnP pg nf] uf] + s] kf; 5t gxL+ . ud{ sk8Þf gxL+ cf} / z/ L/ sf] ud{ / vg] s] lnP plrt vfgkfg gxL+ . t/ fO{ sf clwsf+z Onfsf

cToflws u/ LaL sL rk] 6 d] + x} .zLtnx/ sf cfgf sf] O{ crfgs ;]

gxL+ xf] tf x} , o] tf] k|To] s ;fn cftf x} cf} / ;/ sf/ r'krfk tdfzf b] vtL x} , bh{gf] + nf] u O;sf lzsf/ agt] x} + . P] ;] d] + ha vf;s/ dw] z sL aft p7tL x} tf] lkm/ rfx] zLtnx/ sf k|sf] k xf] , udL{ d] + n" sL aft xf] , a/ ;ft d] + af9Þ s] k|sf] k sL aft

xf] . x/ ;do x/ df} ;d d] + Iflt xf] tL xL x} n] lsg ;/ sf/ of sx] + ls g] tfu0f pbf;Lgtf xL lbvft] x} + . g] tf lhGx] + xd cf} / cfk ax't ;f] r ljrf/ s/ r'gt] x} + pGx] + ckg] If] q s] nf] uf] + ;] sf] O{ jf: tf gxL+ x} .

dw] z d'2f sf] ax't ghbLs ;] b] v / x] ;~rf/ sdL{ / fh] z clx/ fh sf sxgf x} ls – dw] z d] + xf] / xL Iflt sf lhDd] jf/ ;/ sf/ , / fhgLlts bn, dw] z s] lGb|t bn s] g] tf cf} / dfgj clwsf/ jfbL x} + . pgsf sxgf x} ls g] tfu0f ckg] If] q sL hgtf sf] gxL+ b] v] +u] tf] sf} g b] v] uf . jx x} / fgL k|s6 s/ t] x'P sxt] x+} – OtgL hfg] rnL uoL n] lsg dw] z s] Ps eL g] tf g] ceL ts ;/ sf/ sf] cf} krfl/ s ¿k d] + O; ;d: of sL hfgsf/ L gxL+ bL x} , g

xL ls;L t/ x s] ;xof] u sL df+u sL x} . g] kfn ;/ sf/ k/ cfqmf] z JoSt s/ t] x'P ;+rf/ sdL{ clx/ fh sxt] x+} – OGx+] dw] z s] nf] uf] + sL hfg hfg] sL k/ jfx gxL+, OGx+] tf] a; dw] z ;] s/ rflxP cf} / dt rflxP .

;eL sf] ktf x} ls zLtnx/ s] cfg] ;] kxn] xL ud{ sk8Þ] , cf] 9Þg] s] lnP sDan cf} / cfu hnfg] s] lnP ns8ÞL sL Joj: yf xf] gL xL rflxP . zLtnx/ s] k|sf] k ;] arg] s] lnP x/ af/ xhf/ f] + nfvf] + sL ;+Vof d] + nf] u of sx] + tf] ls x/ a8ÞL ;+: yfP+ sk8Þ] ,

ns8ÞL OSs7f s/ pgnf] uf] + ts kx'Frfg] sf k|of; s/ tL x} +, n] lsg jf] sxfF ts ;kmn xf] t] x} + ;r k"l5o] tf] pGx] + eL ktf gxL+ x} .

;+sng lso] uo] sk8Þ] , sDan of cGo ;fdu|L ta af+6] hft] x} + hals zLtnx/ sf k|sf] k ckgL r/ d ;Ldf k/ kx'Fr hftf x} . ax't nf] u O; zLtnx/ sL e] +6 r9Þ hft] x} + cf} / oxL+ o] sxfjt rl/ tfy{ xf] tL x} – sf jiff{ ha s[lif ;'vfgL < Sof] +ls d/ g] s] afb ;/ sf/ kl/ jf/ hgf] + sf] Ifltk"lt{ b] tL x} , u/ oxL / fxt kxn] af+6 bL hfo tf] Sof gf} at oxL / x] ] uL <

kqsf/ jL kL ;fx hf] ls s'5 lbg dw] z s] efuf] + d] + / x s/ cfo] x} atft] x} ls jxfF sL l: ylt sfkmL gfh's x} . nf] u 7+8 s] sf/ 0f s/ fx / x] x} + . vf; s/ dw] z d]+ 8f] d, b';fw, rdf/ , d';x/ , bg'jf/ h} ;] blnt a: tL sL cj: yf tf] cf} / eL Hofbf bogLo x} . sO{ aRr] sf] lgdf] lgof xf] uof x} . a'h'uf] { sL xfnt tf] cf} / v/ fa . 3/ d] + sDan, / hfO{ 8Þ;gf of cf} / sf] O{ ud{ sk8Þ] gxL+ . sO{ nf] u tf] k'cfn k/ ;f] t] x} + cf} / k'cfn xL cf] 9Þt] eL x+} . sO{ nf] uf] + sf] ox eL g;La gxL+ . Otgf xf] hfg] s] afb s'5 nf] uf] + pgs] ;xof] u s] lnP cfu] cfo] x} n] lsg nutf x} ca tf] ax't b] / xf] r'sL x} . ;fx sxt] x} –;a s'5 n'6 hfg] s] afb sL ;xfotf sf] n] s/ jf] kl/ jf/ hg Sof s/ ] +u] <

;/ sf/ o] Sof] + gxL+ ;f] rtL ls hf] rn] hft] x} + jf] nf} 6s/ gxL+ cft] . seL seL zLtnx/ s] k|sf] k d] + cfs/ kl/ jf/ ckg] p; ;b: o sf] vf] b] tf x} hf] k"/ ] kl/ jf/ sL k/ jl/ z s/ tf x} . cf} / p;sL e/ kfO{ sf] O{ gxL+ s/ ;stf x} . afb d] + rfx] cfk lstgf eL b] b] + p;s] bb{ sf] sd gxL+ s/ ;st] tf] P] ;] d] + Sof ;/ sf/ k"/ L lh+buL p; kl/ jf/ sL e/ kfO{ s/ kfPuL <

dw] z d] + xf] / x] Iflt sf lhDd] jf/ ;/ sf/ , / fhgLlts bn, dw] z s] lGb|t bn s] g] tf cf} / dfgj

clwsf/ jfbL x} + . OtgL hfg] rnL uoL n] lsg dw] z s] Ps eL g] tf g] ceL ts ;/ sf/ sf] cf} krfl/ s ¿k d] + O; ;d: of sL hfgsf/ L gxL+ bL x} , g xL ls;L t/ x s] ;xof] u

sL df+u sL x} .

l/kf]6{

jxfF sL l: ylt sfkmL gfh's x} . nf] u 7+8 s] sf/ 0f s/ fx / x] x} + . vf; s/ dw] z 8Þf] d, b';fw, rdf/ , d';x/ , bg'jf/ h} ;] blnt a: tL sL cj: yf tf] cf} / eL

Hofbf bogLo x} .

29lxdflngLhgj/L@)!%

31lxdflngLhgj/L@)!%

33lxdflngLhgj/L@)!%

z/ jt cf/ f vfgd, ;ef;b

) df3 cf7 cfg] d] + tf] a; s'5 xL xkm\t] afFsL x+} , Sof to sL uO{ tf/ Lv d] + g] kfnL hgtf sf] gofF ;+ljwfg ldn] uf <

– lglZrt tf} / k/ s'5 gxL+ sxf hf ;stf x} . ;+ljwfg ;ef s] ;eL ;ef;b rfxt] x} + ls df3 * d] + g] kfnL hgtf sf] gof ;+ljwfg ldn] n] lsg a8Þ] Þ sxnfg] jfn] g] tf xL gxL+ rfxt] x} + ls ;+ljwfg ag] , O;lnP l9nfO{ xf] / xL x} . cfzf s/ ] + ls ;eL bnf] + s] aLr ;xdlt xf] cf} / hgtf sf] gof ;+ljwfg ldn] .) / fhgLts bnf] + s] aLr tf] ;} 4flGts ¿k ;] ax't Hofbf ljjfb x} , P] ;] d]+ ;xdlt s} ;] d'dlsg x} <

– b] lvo] , ljjfb l;4fGt sf gxL+ . d'em] tf] nutf x} ls l;km{ ;/ sf/ d] + hfg] s] lnP ljjfb x} . lbSst tf] xd nf] uf] + sf] x} , ha lhnf d] + hftL x"F tf] b"w jfn] , l/ S;f jfn] , ls/ fgf jfn] ;eL k"5t] x} +, ;+ljwfg sa ag] uf < cf} / xdf/ ] kf; sf] O{ ;6Ls hjfa gxL+ xf] tf .) lkmnxfn sL aft s/ ] + tf] t/ fO{ s] nf] uf] + sf] ;+ljwfg ;] eL Hofbf h¿/ L ud{ sk8Þ] cf} / sDan sL x} , n] lsg ;/ sf/ tf] r'k x} cf} / dw] z ;] k|ltlglwTj s/ g] jfn] ;ef;b eL df} g a} 7] x+} <

– ;xL aft x} , t/ fO{ sf clwsf+z lhnf zLtnx/ ;] k/ ] zfg x} . n] lsg xd nf] u r'k gxL+ x+} , : yfgLo k|zf;g sL cf] / ;] hnfjg, sDan sL Joj: yf sL hf / xL x} . xfF , b] / L tf] x'O{ x} n] lsg jt{dfg ;/ sf/ eL tf] k'/ fgL xL 9/ ] { k/ rn / xL x} , ;a s'5 abng] d] + ;do tf] nu] uf .) ox tf] axfgfafhL x'O{ g < t/ fO{ d] + s/ La bf] bh{g nf] uf] + sL hfg hf r'sL x} , Sof sxtL x} + cfk <

– xd nf] u rfxt] x} ls sfd hNbL xf] . nf] uf] + ts tTsfn / fxt kxF'r] n] lsg ;d: of sd{rf/ LtGq sL x} . j] cfn;L cf} / u} /

lhDd] jf/ x} . xd ;ef;b nf] uf] + sL ha j] aft gxL+ dfgt] tf] cfd nf] uf] + sL tf] aft xL 5f] l8Þo] .) ca yf] 8Þf dlxnfcf] + sL aft s/ ] +, s} ;] b] vtL x} + cfk g] kfn sL dlxnf sf] <

–Ps zAb d] + sx"F tf] ax't xL bogLo l: ylt x} . dlxnfPF ax't kLl8Þt x} + oxfF . lbg k|ltlbg dlxnf lj?4 sL lx+;f a9Þ xL / xL x} . xTof, anfTsf/ , 3/ ] n' lx+;f, x/ sbd k/ lje] b, bx] h, afnljjfx , o] ;eL ;d: of tf] dlxnf sf] xL em] ngf k8Þ / xf x} .) t/ fO{ d] + dlxnf sL l: ylt cf} / gfh's x} , pGx] ljsf; s] dfu{ d] + nfg] s] lnP Sof s/ gf xf] uf <

– x/ tx cf} / tas] sL dlxnfcf] + sf] lzlIft xf] gf cfjZos x} . lzIff s] dfWod ;] xL j] nf] u cfTdlge{/ xf] ;st] x+} cf} / teL ;eL dfog] d] + b] z sf ljsf; ;Dej x} .) cfk tf] d'l: nd ;d'bfo ;] ;+aGw / vtL x} +, pgsL cj: yf s] af/ ] d] + cfk Sof sxtL x} <

– d'l: nd xf] + of cGo ;d'bfo, dlxnfcf] + sL ;a;] a8ÞL ;d: of xL clzIff x} . hgr] tgf s] dfwod ;] ;eL sf] lzlIft s/ gf xf] uf . hxfF ts d'l: nd dlxnf sf ;jfn x} pgs] lnP tf] Kofs] h d] + xL sfo{qmd nfgf xf] uf .) ckg] If] q s] ljsf; s] lnP Sof of] hgf x} <

– b] lvo] d} + tf] ceL eL ckg] If] q d] + xL x"F . ;+;b ljsf; sf] if s] dfkm{t hf] s'5 k} ;] ldn] x} , pgsf] ufFjjfnf] + sL ;nfx s] lx;fa ;] vr{ s/ g] sf] ;f] r / xL x"F . d'em] tf] nutf x} ls lzIff cf} / / f] huf/ L xL ;a;] dxTjk"0f{ aft x} cf} / O;L s] lnP d+} s'5 of] hgf agfgf rfxtL x"F cf} / sxfF ;] z'? lsof hfo oxL lglZrt s/ g] s] lnP ufFjjfnf] + ;] dZj/ f s/ / xL x"F .

dlxnfcf] + sL ;a;] a8ÞL ;d: of xL clzIff x}

z/ jt cf/ f vfgd sf] ktf xL gxLF rnf ls jx sa cf} / s} ;] / fhgLlt d] + cf uoL . lktf kmf?v cxdb cfl/ km pb"{ s] zfo/ y] cf} / tfTsfnLg / fh b/ af/ ;] pgsf Joj;flos ;DaGw eL yf . b/ af/ ;] pgsf] cS;/ d'zfo/ f s] lnP a'nfof hftf yf . b/ af/ d] + cfgf hfgf xf] g] s] sf/ 0f z/ jt s] 3/ d] + / fhgLlts aft] + eL x'cf s/ tL yL . afFs] d+] knL x'O{ z/ jt g] dw] z cf} / vf; s/ d'l: nd dlxnf s] hLjg sf] ax't ghbLs ;] b] vf x} . pGx] nuf ls k/ lge{/ tf cf} / clzIff s] sf/ 0f xL dw] z d] + / xg] jfnL dlxnfcf] + sL l: ylt bogLo x} . cf} / h} ;] h} ;] a8 ÞL xf] tL uoL jx dlxnf pTyfg s] If] q d] + sfo{ s/ g] nuL . pGx] nuf ls a8 Þf sfd s/ g] s] lnP / fhgLlt sf] gh/ cGbfh gxLF lsof hf ;stf x} cf} / @)$* ;fn d] + jx g] kfnL sfFu] |; ;] cfa4 xf] uoL . lk5nL af/ g] kfnL sfFu|] ; sL t/ km ;] z/ jt cf/ f vfgd sf] ;+ljwfg ;ef ;b: o agg] sf cj;/ ldnf . Ps cfd d'l: nd dlxnf ;] ;+ljwfg ;ef ;b: o ts sL ofqf s] ;+aGw d] + lxdflngL k|ltlglw s~rgf emf ;] z/ jt cf/ f vfgd sL aftrLt s] s'5 c+z–

cfwf cfsfz–k"/L p8Þfg


lr/ +hLlj cfrfo{, ;dfh;] jL

cGt/jftf{

) cfkg] hdfg] d] + lqljlj ;] lj=sfd= lsof cf} / @(–#) jiff] {+ ts wgf9\o ljQLo ;+: yf ;+rosf] if d] + ;] jf sL . ;dfh;] jf sL cf] / s} ;] cfslif{t x'P <

– d} +g] lj=;+= @)@) ;] ;+ros sf] if d] + gf} s/ L sL cf} / p;L ;fn d] + lsl6gL df=lj= ;~rfns ;ldlt sf cWoIf dgf] lgt x'cf cf} / O; t/ x d] / L ;dfh;] jf sL ofqf z'? x'O{ . O{= !((@ ;] / f] 6/ L Sna cfkm kf6g d] + d} + / f] 6] l/ og x'cf, lh; d] + ;] qm] 6/ L cf} / efO;k|] l;8Þ] G6 sL x} l;ot ;] eL ;] jf sL . ceL tf] d} + ax't ;f/ L ;dfh ;] jL ;+: yfcf] + ;] cfj4 x"F . cfhLjg ;dfh;] jf k|lt k|ltj4 x"F .) jt{dfg d] + cfk ;dfh;] jf sf] s} ;] c+hfd b] / x] x} + <

– ceL xd nf] u jl/ i7 gful/ s u[x -j[4f>d_ ;~rfng s/ / x] x} + . 6f} v] n, uf] bfj/ L, nlntk'/ d] + l: yt jx u[x gful/ s ;] jfu'7L åf/ f ;~rflnt x} . : yfkgf sfn ;] xL d} + ;lrj s] ¿k d] + cf>d sL ;] jf s/ / xf xF" . O;sL : yfkgf d] + g6/ fh 6';{ P08Þ 6«feN;\ -k|f=ln=_ s] k|hfklt k|;fO{+ cf} / 7d] n lgjf;L g/ l;+x kl/ jf/ s] 8f= aL=Pg= / f0ff -hd{gL d] + sfo{/ t_ sL ;lqmotf cf} / of] ubfg sf] pNn] vgLo dfggf xf] uf . / f] 6/ L Sna ckm kf6g s] hl/ P hd{gL ;] s'5 ;xof] u eL O; ;+: yf sf] k|fKt x} .) jl/ i7 gful/ sf] + s] af/ ] d] + s'5 s/ ] +, P] ;L ;f] r s} ;] cfO{ <

– cfhsn g] kfnL ;dfh d] + / f] huf/ L sL tnfz d] + ljb] zknfog sL k|j[lQ lbgf] + lbg a9Þ / xL x} . uf+j 3/ d] + l;km{

j[4–a'h'u{ / x uP x} + . Ps dWod juL{o ;d: of P] ;L x} ls nf] u kz'klt s] k~rb] jn -j[4f>d_ d] + a} 7g] d] + lemems cf} / z/ ldGbuL dx;"; s/ t] x} + . pg nf] uf] + sf] db\b] gh/ s/ t] x'P, sf7df+8Þ" s] sf] nfxn ;] b"/ k|s[lt sL uf] b d] + j[4–j[4f ;ft xhf/ dfxjf/ b] s/ y|L : 6f/ xf] 6n sL ;'ljwf kf ;st] x} + . ox jl/ i7 gful/ s u[x nlntk'/ gu/ kflnsf ;] & ls=dL= blIf0f uf] bfj/ L 6f} v] n d] + @( / f] kgL If] qkmn d] + cjl: yt x} . a'h'uf] {+ s] lnP ox hGgt x} .

kfl/ jfl/ s ;d: of, ckgL xL ;+tfgf] + ;] pk] Iff cf} / P] ;L xL d'lZsnftf] + ;] dha"/ xf] s/ hL / x] a'h'uf] {+ s] lnP ox gful/ s u[x agfof uof x} . k} +;7 ;fn ;] pmk/ s] j[4hg, hf] ls;L eL d'Ns s] xf] ;st] x} +, oxfF ckg] cf] N8ÞPh sf] O+Hjfo s/ ;st] x} + .) lkmnxfn cGo lsg ;+: yf ;] cfk h'8Þ] x} + <

–lkmnxfn tf] ls6gL sn] h sf ;+: yfks cWoIf xf] g] s] cnfjf gful/ s ;] jf u'7L sf ;+: yfks ;lrj, xg'dfg ;] jf s] Gb|, nugv] n d] + cWoIf, wg] Zj/ dxfb] j u'7L d] + ;+/ Ifs, s0ff{nL OG: 6LRo"6 d] + sf] iffWoIf, cfrfo{ aGw' ;dfh d] + pkfWoIf cf} / a|fXd0f ;dfh d] + ;b: o sL x} l;ot ;] ;] jf/ t x"F .) ;dfh;] jf s] lnP ls;L ;] k|] / 0ff ldnL <

– j} ;] tf] ckg] s} l/ o/ s] z'?cftL lbgf] + ;] xL d'emd] + ;dfh;] jf s] k|lt ?lr yL . lkm/ eL lsl6gL pRr dflj s] k|wfgfWofks gf/ fo0fk|;fb af;sf] 6f ;] d'em] jQm–jQm d] + O; s] lnP xf} ;nf cfkmhfO{ ldntL / xL . ufGwL ljrf/ wf/ f ;] cfj4 ls6gL cfwf/ lzIffno d] + d] / L k9ÞfO{ z'? x'O{ yL . O;sf d'em k/ a8Þf ;sf/ fTds k|efj / xf .) lk5n] ax't ;fnf] + ;] cfk ;dfh;] jf d] + ;lqmo x} + . O; bf} / fg cfk sf] lsg sl7gfOof] + sf ;fdgf s/ gf k8Þf <

– j} ;] ;fj{hlgs sfd ;af] + sf xf] tf x} , cf} / ;fy xL ls;L sf gxL+ xf] tf . gtLhtg ls;L eL sdL–sdhf] / L s] lnP nf] u xd] + xL bf] if b] t] x} + . b] vf hfP tf] ox jflhj eL x} . v} / === Û

b";/ L aft / fhgLlts bn s] nf] u cfly{s ;xof] u s] gfd d] + xd] + eL ax't t+u s/ t] x} + . 9] / ;f/ L kfl6{ofF x} . lsg sf] b] +

ax't x'O{ / fhgLlt, b] z d] + ;dfh;] jf sL h¿/ t x}

-k|l;4 ljQLo ;+: yf sd{rf/ L ;~ro sf] if d] + lj=;+= @)!) kf} if $ ;] sfo{/ t lr/ +hLlj cfrfo{ g] gfoa d'Vo clws[t -k|yd >] 0fL_ s] ¿k d] + lj=;+= @)$( d] + : j} lR5s cjsfz lnof yf . z'? ;] xL OgsL ?lr ;dfh;] jf d] + yL . ckgL ?lr sf] cdnLhfdf kxgfg] s] lnP O{= !($@ km] a'|c/ L d] + hGd] + cfrfo{ g] gf} s/ L s] b/ ldofg sDKo'6/ ;km\6j] / ;DaGwL k|lzIf0f, cWoog, cjnf] sg, ;fdflhs ;'/ Iff au} / x s] qmd d] + ef/ t, yfONof08Þ, dn] l;of, l;+ufk'/ , >Ln+sf, : jL6h/ n} +8Þ, ;fOk|; cflb b] zf] + sf

bf} / f lsof yf . rlnP pgsL ;dfh;] jf s] th'j] { ;] xd v'b sf] jflskm s/ t] x} +–

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lsgsf] gf b] + . Ps sf] b] +u] tf] b";/ f tfn 7f] s s/ df+ug] cf hftf x} . Ps sxfjt x} – 8Þfog eL ;ft 3/ jrfs/ vftL x} . du/ o] kf6L{jfn] tf] ;dfh;] jL ;+: yfcf] + sf] eL gxL+ aVzt] . ;dfh;] jf s/ g] jfnf] + sL hfg eL ;f+;t d] + x} .) ;/ sf/ g] ;dfh;] jf s] lnP seL k'/ : s[t lsof <

– ;/ sf/ g] uf] / vfblIf0fafx" b] s/ s/ d'em] ;Ddflgt lsof yf . s'5 ;fdflhs ;+3–;+: yfcf] + g] eL ;Ddflgt s/ t] x'P d] / L xf} ;nfckmhfO{ sL x} .) cfk lsg sf/ 0ff] + ;] ;dfh;] jf sf] / fhgLlt ;] a] xt/ dfgt] x} + <

– b] lvP, / fhgLlt sf] …8Þl6{u] dÚ P] ;] xL gxL+ sxf uof x} . / fhgLlt s/ g] jfnf] + d] + : jR5 5ljjfn] , lgM: jfy{ ;] jf s/ g] jfn] ax't xL sd xf] t] x} + . ;dfh;] jf d] + P] ;f gxL+ rntf . e|i6 rl/ q jfnf] + s] lnP / fhgLlt sf If] q xL Hofbf pkhfpm l;4 xf] tf x} . / fhgLlt s/ g] jfnf] + sf] kxn] ;dfh;] jf s/ gL rflxP . ;dfh;] jf k|fylds ljBfno x} . k|fylds lzIff s] afb xL dfWolds cf} / pRr lzIff sL af/ L cftL x} . ;dfh;] jf s/ g] jfnf xL ;xL dfog] d] + ;dfh sL ;d: ofcf] + ;] ¿–a–¿ xf] tf x} . / f] u sf ;xL lgbfg xf] uf, teL tf] 8ÞfS6/ ;xL pkrf/ s/ ;s] uf .

h/ f ;f] lrP, df] bL h} ;] dxfg zlV;ot sf] eL emf8Þ" nuf s/ ;dfh;] jf sf dxTj

htnfgf k8Þf . O; efj sf] d} + O; cGbfh d] + aofF s/ gf k;Gb s?+uf–

b] vf] df] bL g] emf8Þ" nufO{,;dfh;] jf sL nf} hufO{ ./ fhgLlt cf} / ;dfh bf] gf] + d] +;kmfO{ sL dxQf htnfO{ ÛÛd} + tf] sx"+uf, cfh xdf/ ] b] z sf] eL / fhgLlt ;] Hofbf

h¿/ t ;dfh;] jf sL x} . j} ;] eL xdf/ ] zf: qf] + d] + …;] jf xL k/ df] wd{Ú sxf uof x} . ;] jf xL k/ d wd{ x} .

k|: t'ltM d's'Gb cfrfo{

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‘aLdf If] qdf ljZj;gLo gfd’

/ fli6«o aLdf ;+: yfgk|wfg sfof{noM / fdzfxky, sf7df8Þf} +, kmf] g g+=M $@^@%@)

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–d'em] nutf x} ls lbn sL aftf] + sf] lbn ;] sxg] sL cu/ sf] O{ ;Ifd ljwf x} tf] jx uhn x} . O;lnP O;d] + u'gu'gfgf cR5f nutf x} .) Sof cGo ljwfcf] + d] + lbn sL aft] + gxL+ sxL hf ;stL <

– sxL hf ;stL x} n] lsg uB ;flxTo d] + lbn ;] Hofbf lbdfu sL aft] + xf] tL x} + . uhnf] + ;] Ot/ sfJo / rgfcf] + d] + lbn sL aft] + tf] xf] tL x} + du/ lh; ;"Idtf cf} / ;+j] bgfTds : t/ k/ uhn d] + lbn sL aft] + sxL hftL x} , jx cGoq gxL+ kfoL hftL .) …lnl/ sn kf] P6«LÚ cyf{t\ …uLltsfJoÚ ;Gbe{ d] + tf] ox aft nfu" gxL+ xf] tL <

– ox d] / f JolStut ghl/ of x} . uhn sL kf/ Dkl/ s kl/ efiff sf] b] vf hfP tf] …of/ ;] Kof/ sL aftf] + sf] uhn sxt] x} + .Ú O;s] ;fy–;fy O;d] + JolStut cg'e"ltofF Hofbf cleJoSt x'cf s/ tL x} + . oxL jhx x} ls uhn cGo sfJolos / rgfcf] + sL ck] Iff lbn s] Hofbf s/ La xf] tL x} .) cfk tLg efiffcf] + oyf g] kfnL, ef] hk'/ L tyf lxGbL d] + snd rnft] x} + n] lsg : jo+ sf] ;jf{lws ;xh ls; efiff d] + dx;"; s/ t] x} + <

– k|ydtM lxGbL lkm/ ef] hk'/ L tyf g] kfnL d] + .) lxGbL s] k|lt O; cfsif{0f sf sf/ 0f Sof x} , hals g] kfn d] + lxGbL sf] ljb] zL efiff sxs/ cjx] lnt lsof hftf x} <

– cfksf] ox hfgs/ zfob cfZro{ nu] ls d} +g] ckgL sO{

uhn] + ;kg] d] + cf} / jx eL lxGbL d] + sxL x} cf} / ;'ax d] + pGx] + sfuh k/ ptf/ f x} . sxgf ox rfxtf x"F ls d} + lxGbL d] + xL ;kgf b] vtf x"F . O;sL jhx d] / L pRr lzIff lxGbL d] + xf] gf x} . hxfF ts g] kfn d] + lxGbL efiff sf] ljb] zL sxs/ cjx] lnt s/ g] sL aft x} , jx laNs'n / fhg} lts x} , hdLgL oyfy{ gxL+ x} . xsLst ox x} ls d} + lh; If] q sf x"F, ofgL ;du| dw] z–k|b] z If] q d] + lxGbL k9Þ] –lnv] 3/ f] + d] + ha lzsfot cf} / cjx] ngf sL aft sL hftL x} tf] jx c+u|] hL d] + sL hftL x} , 7Ls p;L t/ x cGo efiffefifL 3/ f] + d] + oxL aft lxGbL d] + sL hftL x} . sf] O{ dfg] of g dfg] n] lsg g] kfn s] kxf8ÞL If] qf] + d] + cGo efiff eflifof] + s] aLr g] kfnL ;+ks{ efiff sf sfd s/ tL x} tf] t/ fO{ dw] z d] + lxGbL oxL e"ldsf lgj{xg s/ tL x} . sxg] sf cy{ ox x} ls lxGbL g] kfn s] t/ fO{–dw] z

sL xL gxL+ j/ g u} / g] kfnL efiff eflifof] + s] lnP ;Dks{ efiff sf sfd s/ tL x} .) g] kfn d] + lxGbL sf Sof eljio cfk b] vt] x} + <

– uLtf] + s] / fhs'df/ uf] kfn l;+x g] kfnL sf sxgf x} ls …lxGbL

uf]kfn cZs, ;flxTosf/

…uf] kfn cZsÚ g] kfn s] d"4{Go ;flxTosf/ f] + d] + Ps x} + cf} / g] kfnL, lxGbL tyf ef] hk'/ L efiff d] + ;dfg ¿k ;] snd rnft] x} + . g] kfnL tyf ef] hk'/ L d] + pGxf] +g] ljleGg ljwfcf] + sL ;fwgf sL x} n] lsg lxGbL d] + pgsL ;lqmotf sljtf s] If] q d] + clws / xL x} cf} / ljz] iftM uhn–n] vg s] If] q d] + . lxGbL d] + pgsL ca ts kfFr sfJo s[ltofF k|sflzt x} + cf} / lxGbL d] + pgsL ;lqmotf eL clws x} . lxGbL efiff cf} / uhn ljwf d] + ;lqmotf s] ;fy–;fy g] kfn d] + lxGbL sL cj: yf cf} / ;+efjgf sf] cfwf/ agfs/ k|: t't x} pg;] lxdflngL sL ;+lIfKt aftrLt sf ;+kflbt c+z M

v]t d]/f a+h/ xL /x hfPuf <

sf] O{ dfg] of g dfg] n] lsg g] kfn s] kxf8 ÞL If] qf] + d] + cGo efiff eflifof] + s] aLr g] kfnL ;+ks{ efiff sf sfd s/ tL x} tf] t/ fO{ dw] z d] + lxGbL oxL e"ldsf lgj{xg s/ tL x} . sxg] sf cy{ ox x} ls lxGbL g] kfn s] t/ fO{–dw] z sL xL gxL+ j/ g u} / g] kfnL efiff eflifof] + s] lnP ;Dks{

efiff sf sfd s/ tL x} .

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– ls; rLh s] lnP <) g] kfn d] + lxGbL s] ;Ddfghgs : yfg s] lnP <

– sf] O{ efiff ;Ddflgt of ckdflgt gxL+ xf] tL, jx tf] k|lt: yflkt cf} / lj: yflkt xf] tL x} . O;sf lj/ f] w s/ g] jfn] O;;] 8Þ/ s/ of 3a/ fs/ lj/ f] w s/ t] x} + . d} +g] sO{ uf] li7of] + d] + g] kfnL s] gfdrLg ;flxTosf/ f] + s] ckg] d'v ;] O; l: ylt sf] : jLsf/ s/ t] x'P kfof x} .) Sof cfk gxL+ dfgt] ls g] kfn d] + lxGbL sf] cf} krfl/ s ¿k ;] ;Ddfghgs : yfg lbnfg] s] lnP / fhg} lts OR5fzlSt sL h¿/ t x} <

– laNs'n h¿/ t x} Sof] +ls ha ts ls;L efiff sf] / fhg} lts ;+/ If0f gxL+ ldntf ta ts p;] af] ng] jfn] : jo+ sf] ;+/ lIft cf} / ;Ddflgt gxL+ dx;"; s/ t] . g] kfn sf Ps ax't a8Þf lx: ;f lxGbL af] ntf, k9Þtf cf} / lnvtf x} hf] efiffoL ¿k ;] : jo+ sf] ;+/ lIft cf} / ;Ddflgt gxL+ dx;"; s/ t] .) O; b[li6 ;] dw] z sL / fhgLlt s/ / x] bnf] + sf] cfk ls; l: ylt d] + kft] x} + <

– ax't bogLo cj: yf x} . s'5 bn P] ;] x} + hf] aGb sd/ ] d] + lxGbL sL jsfnt s/ t] x} +, ckg] r'gfjL If] q d] + lxGbL d] + aft s/ t] x} + n] lsg ha ;xL jSt cf} / ;xL hux cftL x} tf] kL5] xf] hft] x} + cf} / s'5 bn P] ;] x} + hf] lxGbL sf] s] jn a} ;fvL s] ¿k d] + k|of] u s/ t] x} + . O; t/ x bf] gf] + xL ;"/ tf] + d] + lxGbL sf] n] s/ bl/ b| dfgl;stf sL l: ylt x} .) cfh dw] z–k|b] z sL aft xf] / xL x} . cu/ P] ;f xf] tf x} tf] lxGbL sf] ls; ¿k d] + : jLsf/ lsof hfgf rflxP <

– d] / ] ljrf/ d] + lxGbL sf] dw] z–k|b] z sL ;/ sf/ L efiff s] ¿k

d] + : jLsf/ lsof hfgf rflxP <) Sof O; If] q sL If] qLo efiffPF O; cj: yf sf] : jLsf/ s/ ] uL <

– efjgf s] : t/ k/ gxL+ s/ ] uL cf} / s/ gf eL gxL+ rflxP n] lsg efiff sL dfgs l: ylt, lnvg] –k9Þg] d] + j} 1flgstf sf cfwf/ cf} / ckgL aft sxg] sL ;a;] Hofbf ;'udtf sL l: ylt s] cfwf/ k/ O;] : jLsf/ lsof hfgf rflxP .) ox Ps cR5L aft x} ls lxGbL s] k|lt cfksf cToGt ;sf/ fTds b[li6sf] 0f x} . cfk ef] hk'/ L s] pRr x: tfIf/ x} + . Sof cfk gxL+ rfxt] ls t/ fO{–dw] z sL cGo efiffcf] + s] P] ;] JolStTj lxGbL s] k|lt O; b[li6sf] 0f sf ;dy{g s/ ] + .

– ghl/ of ckgf–ckgf xf] tf x} . lghL tf} / k/ d} + ox h¿/ rfxtf x"F tyf d} + ox eL cfksf] atf b"F ls ef] hk'/ L jfn] lxGbL sf] ax't Kof/ s/ t] x} + cf} / Ps ;d[4 Ho] i7 axg s] ¿k d] + O;] dfgt] x} + . d} + cf} / f] + sL aft Sof sx"F, ef] hk'/ L sf x"F cf} / ef] hk'/ L sL aft s/ tf x"F .) cGt d] + g] kfn d] + lxGbL s] ;DaGw d] + lgisif{ ¿k d] + cfk Sof sxgf rfxt] x} + <

– xfnft ox x} ls– …v] t d] / f ox a+h/ xL / x hfPufw/ tL k/ xf] tL ca a/ ;ft gxL+ .d+h"/ gfd+h"/ sL sf] O{ aft sxfFd} +g] 8Þfnf x} sf] O{ b/ vf: t gxL+ .Ún] lsg ;RrfO{ s'5 cf} / aofF s/ tL x} –…d'emsf] bf] ;Ddfg t] / f eL dfg xf] uft'emsf] t] / ] lg0f{o k/ OTdLgfg xf] uf .d} + lxGbL x"F u+uf sL t/ x klttkfjgLcfcf] s/ f] : Gffg t] / f sNof0f xf] uf .


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x} . ax't sd nf] uf] + sf] O;s] af/ ] d] + hfgsf/ L x} . O;lnP ;j{;fwf/ 0f hgtf sL cf] / ;] aLdf s] k|lt ax't sd cle?lr lbvfO{ hftL x} . ;j{;fwf/ 0f d] + aLdf Joj;fo sf] nf] slk|o s/ g] s] lnP Jofks k|rf/ –k|;f/ cf} / lzIff sL h¿/ t x} .) cfk sL h] g/ n OG: of] / ] G; sDkgL -lhcfO;L_ sf cuL+e"t Ps a8ÞL sDkgL x} , g] kfn d] + aLdf Joj;fo s/ g] d] + sf] O{ sl7gfO{ <

– ljut %* jiff] {+ ;] g] kfn d] + sfo{/ t cf] l/ oG6n ;a;] k'/ fgL aLdf sDkgL x} . g] kfn d] + sfo{/ t cGo ;eL aLdf sDklgof] + ;] s'5 x6s/ O; sDkgL g] ljleGg k|sf/ sL aLdfcf] + sf k|rng z'? lsof . O;s] ckg] nDa] cg'ej cf} / ;] jf s] rnt] sfd s/ g] d] + xd] + sf] O{ sl7gfO{ dx;"; gxL+ x'O{ .) g] kfn sL aLdf sDklgof] + k/ l/ –OG: of] / ] G; sDklgof] + g] nueu ljZjf; s/ gf 5f] 8Þ lbof x} , O;sf sf/ 0f <

– s'5 aLdf sDklgof] + g] ckg] lk|ldod b/ d] + Hofbf 5"6 b] s/ cf} / aLdf vt/ ] sf] gh/ cGbfh s/ g] s] sf/ 0f l/ –OG: of] / ] G; sDklgof] + g] s'5 aLdf sDklgof] + k/ e/ f] ;f s/ gf 5f] 8Þ lbof x} .) ;'gf hftf x} , g] kfn d] + y8Þ{ kf6L{ Sn] d d] + ax't kmh{/ L xf] tL x} , O; d] + cfksL Sof / fo x} <

– ax't xb ts ox aft ;xL x} . b'3{6gfcf] + sf bfjf s/ t] ;do y8Þ{ kf6L{ cyf{t\ k'ln; cyf] / ] 6L, 5fgaLg cfof] u cf} / : ynut l/ kf] 6{ t} of/ s/ g] jfn] j: t'ut ;Totf sf] gh/ cGbfh s/ jf: tljs Iflt ;] Hofb bfjf s/ t] x} + . lh;s] rnt] aLdf sDklgof] + sf] dha"/ g aLldt / sd e'Qmfg s/ g] d] + ;r] t / xgf k8Þtf x} . n] lsg ;DalGwt tL;/ f kIf OdfGbf/ L ;] k|: t't xf] tf] O; ;d: of sf ;dfwfg xf] ;stf x} .) g] kfn k'n sDkgL, lh; xfn d] + g] kfn k"0f{ aLdf sDkgL s] ¿k d] + u7g lsof uof x} , p; s] eljio s] af/ ] d] + cfk lstg] cfzfjfbL x} + <

– ;DalGwt clwsfl/ of] + åf/ f p7fof uof ox ax't xL ;sf/ fTds sbd x} . hf] k|dfl0ft s/ tf x} ls g] kfn d] + aLdf Joj;fo k|f} 9Þtf sL cf] / cu|;/ x} . g] kfn l/ –OG: of] / ] G; lahg] ;, O;;] kmn] uf, km"n] uf . g] kfn s] cGb/ xL P] ;L ;'ljwf k|fKt xf] g] ;] g] kfn l: yt aLdf sDklgof] + sf] ;'ljwf xf] uL cf} / b";/ ] b] zf] + ;] O; af/ ] d] + 8ÞLÞn s/ gf gxL+ k8Þ] uf . b";/ ] b] zf] + d] + l: yt l/ –OG: of] / ] G; sDklgof] + s] ;fy sfd s/ t] ;do ax'tf] + af/ kmh{/ L sL ;Defjgf / xtL x} . : yfgLo l/ –OG: of] / ] G; sDkgL sf ;DaGw : yfgLo sDklgof] + s] ;fy ax't ;'Gb/ xf] ;stf x} , ljb] zL sDklgof] + sL t'ngf d] + . cf} / ;a;] a8ÞL aft, l/ –OG: of] / ] G; sf vr{ ljb] zL d'b|f s] ¿k d] + ckg] xL b] z d] + ;'/ lIft / x] uf . hals O;;] kxn] ljb] zL d'b|f sL ax't a8ÞL / flz l/ –OG: of] / ] G; s] gfd k/ ljb] zf] + d] + rnL hftL yL .) cfd hgtf sL ox lzsfot x} ls OG: of] / ] G; sDklgofF ;xL ¿k d] + Sn] d gxL+ b] tL x} , O; k/ cfk Sof sx] +u] <

– hg;fwf/ 0f d] + aLdf ;+: yfcf+] s] af/ ] d] + ax't ;f/ ] e|d km} n] x'P x} + . aLdf sDklgof] + sf d'Vo l;4fGt s] af/ ] d] + hgtf sf] ;xL hfgsf/ L gxL+ xf] g] ;] P] ;L e|dfTds l: ylt sL l;h{gf xf] tL x} . nf] u aLdf sDklgof] + ;] bfjf s/ t] ;do a8ÞL–a8ÞL cfzf s/ t] x} + cf} / seL–seL pgsL ck] Iff s] d'tflas sDkgL gxL+ b] kftL x} . lh;;] nf] uf] + d] + s'5 c;Gt'li6 xf] tL x} . bfjf s] cg';f/ aLdf sDkgL b] gxL+ kftL x} . p;s] s'5 6] lSgsn sf/ 0f xf] t] x} + . lkm/ eL aLdf sDklgof] + s] pmk/ eL aLdf ;ldlt xf] tL x} cf} / ;DalGwt ;/ sf/ sL cf] / ;] Og sDklgof] + sf] lgoldt s/ g] s] lnP sfg"g eL xf] tf x} . cfjZos k8Þg] k/ bfj] bf/ Og ;+: yfcf] + sL dbb n] ;stf x} . plrt hfgsf/ L k|fKt xf] g] k/ bfj] bf/ cf} / sDkgL bf] gf] + sL ;d: ofcf] + sf ax't xb ts ;dfwfg xf] ;stf x} .) bfjL e'QmfgL s] ;Gbe{ d] + jLldt sf] cfk Sof sxgf rfx] +u] <

– hNbL cf} / ;'ljwfghs ¿k ;] bfj] bf/ sf] ckgf bfjf k"/ f s/ g] sf cj;/ ldngf rflxP . O;s] lnP aLdf sDkgL cf} / p;s] Ph] G6 ts ;xh kx'Fr xf] gL rflxP . ls;L eL b'3{6gf s] t'/ Gt afb Iflt sf plrt l/ kf] 6{ t} of/ xf] gf rflxP cf} / cfjZos sfuhftf] + s] ;fy hNb ;] hNb ;DalGwt sDkgL d] + k] z s/ gf rflxP . ;fy xL sDkgL s] hf] ;j] {o/ xf] t] x} +, pgsf] bfj] bf/ sf k"/ f ;xof] u eL k|fKt xf] gf rflxP . ls;L eL k|sf/ sL z+sf–pkz+sf xf] g] k/ ;j] {o/ , aLdf Ph] G6, afhf/ clws[t cyjf sDkgL s] clws[t nf] uf] + ;] ;Dks{ / vgf rflxP . xdf/ L sDkgL sf tf] l;4fGt xL x} – …;le{; 6" SnfOG6;\Ú .

hg;] jf d] + ;dlk{t cf] l/ oG6n OG: of] / ] G;

cho uu{, sfo{sf/L k|d'vcf] l/ oG6n OG: of] / ] G;

cf] l/ oG6n OG: of] / ] G; sDkgL lnld6] 8Þ g] kfn d] + ;g\ !(%^ ;] sfo{/ t x} . ef/ t ;/ sf/ s] cy{ dGqfno cGtu{t klAns ;] S6/ d] + lghL{jg aLdf sDkgL s] ¿k d] + ox sfd s/ / xL x} . sf7df+8Þ" d] + ckgL zfvf sfof{no s] ¿k d] + O;g] sfo{ z'? lsof . ut cfly{s jif{ d] + O; sDkgL g] s/ La !@) s/ f] 8 Þ ts sf sf/ f] af/ lsof yf . j} ;] tf] g] kfn d] + OG: of] / ] G; sDklgof] + sf d"Nof+sg s/ g] sL k|ljlw gxL+ x} . lkm/ eL cf] l/ oG6n OG: of] / ] G; sDkgL sL ckgL vf; ljz] iftfcf] + sL jhx ;] / } +lsª d] + O; sf] a] xt/ Lg dfgf uof x} . O; sfof{no sL zfvfP+ lj/ f6gu/ , jL/ u+h, x] 6f} 8Þf, g] kfnu+h cf} / a'6jn d] + ;] jf/ t x} + . cf] l/ oG6n OG: of] +/ ] G; ls;L eL b";/ L sDkgL s] ;fy cfa4 gxL+ x} . k|: t't x} , O; sDkgL s] sfo{sf/ L k|d'v 8f= cho uu{ ;] lxdflngL sL x'O{ aftrLt sf ;f/ f+zM

39lxdflngLhgj/L@)!%

k|ljlw

@!jL ;bL d] + e|i6frf/ sf] / f] sg] sf Ps : yfoL cf} / ljZj;gLo ;fwg s] ¿k d+] ;"rgf k|f} Bf] lusL sf] ;a;] cfu] dfgf hf / xf x} . zfob oxL jhx x} ls cfh ;/ sf/ L k|lqmofcf] + d] + cfO{6L sf] a9Þfjf lbof hf / xf x} . gful/ stf agfgf xf] of lkm/ jf] 6/ ln: 6 d] + gfdf+sg s/ fgf xf] Og ;a d] + ;"rgf k|f} Bf] lusL sf ;xf/ f n] gf z'¿ xf] r'sf x} . ca nf] uf] + sf] o] ljZjf; xf] r'sf x} ls ;/ sf/ L k|lqmofcf] + d] + cfO{6L sfo{Ifdtf s] k|of] u ;] kf/ blz{tf a9Þfg] d] + cf} / sO{ k|sf/ s] e|i6frf/ ;] lgk6g] d] + sfkÞmL dbb ldn ;stL x} .

g] kfn d] + b";/ L af/ ;DkGg ;+lawfg ;ef r'gfa d] + kxnL af/ ;"rgf k|f} Bf] lusL åf/ f gfdf+sg sf O: t] dfn lsof uof cf} / PlUh6 kf] n s] d'tflas O;d] + sfkmL ;'wf/ kfof uof Sof] +ls Hofbft/ nf] u af] u; jf] 6 8Þfng] jfn] gxL+ kx'+r] . gful/ stf d] + ;"rgf k|f} Bf] lusL s] O: t] dfn ;] u} / g] kflnof] + sf] gful/ stf ldngf cf} / sl7g xf] uof . ;"rgf qmflGt ;] ;dfh s] ;Dk"0f{ sfo{snfk k|efljt x'P x} + h} ;] wd{, lzIff, : jf: Yo, Jofkf/ , k|zf;g, ;/ sf/ , pBf] u, cg';+wfg j ljsf;, ;+u7g, k|rf/ cflb ;a s] ;a If] qf] + d] + sfofkn6 xf] uof x} . sf‘k{f] / ] 6 lbUuh eL ckg] x/ ] s clen] v ca

;fˆ6j] o/ s] hl/ o] / vgf rfxt] x} cf} / oxL vf; jhx x} cfh sf ;dfh ;"rgf ;dfh sxnfg] nuf x} .

l/ Zjt Ps P] ;L nf] slk|o / 0fgLlt x} lh;sf k|of] u xdf/ ] g] tf, gf} s/ zfx ckg] x/ sfo{ s] bf} / fg s/ t] x} + cf} / ox / fhgLlt s] ck/ fwLs/ 0f sf sf/ 0f ag hftf x} . rfx] sf‘k{f] / ] 6 lbUuh xf] of rfx] Joa;foL of lkm/ k] z] j/ ck/ fwL j] ckg] lgs6td / fhg] tfcf] + s] r'gfjL cleofgf] + s] lnP wg pknAw s/ ft] x'P pGx] + v/ Lbg] s] lnP ckg] cfksf] t} of/ / vt] x} + . / fhgLlts bnf] + åf/ f wg s] ;+u|x cf} / oxf+ ts ls lh; t/ Ls] ;] j] p; wg sf] vr{ s/ t] x} + p;d] + kf/ blz{tf lans'n gxL+ xf] tL . xfnfFls / fhgLlts bnf] + s] vftf] + s] clgjfo{ k|s6Ls/ 0f k/ r'gfj cfof] u sf k|: tfj O; lbzf d] + p7fof uof Ps sbd x} . O;s]

cnfjf cfof] u O; aft k/ hf] / b] tf x} ls Og lglwof] + sL dxfn] vf k/ LIfs åf/ f cg'df] lbt n] vf k/ LIfsf] + s] ls;L kmd{ åf/ f lsof hfgf rflxP, k/ P] ;f ;xL dfogf] + d] + gxL+ xf] / xf x} . ljut d] + clVtof/ b'¿kof] u cg';Gwfg eL Og dfdnf] + d] + sfkmL c;/ bf/ / xL x} n] lsg nf] uf] + sf] 8Þ/ xf] t] x'P eL rt'/ fO{ ;] lga6f hf ;stf x} cf} / kf/ : kl/ s ;demf} t] s] hl/ o] eL sfd lgsfnf hf ;stf x} . Og ;d: ofcf] + sf ;dfwfg gP tsgLsf] + s] dfWod ;] lsof hf ;stf x} cf} / sO{ If] qf] + d] + O;] nfu" eL lsof hf r'sf x} . ;dfh sL kl/ l: yltof] + sf] ;'wf/ g] d] + eL ;"rgf k|f} Bf] lusL sf/ u/ l;4 xf] / xL x} .

ha xd g] kfn d] + km} n] e|i6frf/ k/

Ps ghÞ/ 8Þfnt] x} +, / fHo Joj: yf d] + clws kf/ blz{tf x] t' ;Dklt ljj/ 0f sL df+u jf: tj d] + e|i6frf/ s] : t/ d] + sdL sL uf/ +6L b] ;stL x} n] lsg e|i6frfl/ of] + sf] O; ;"q sf 1fg xf] r'sf x} cf} / j] O;;] cf;fgL ;] lgk6 n] t] x} + . hxf+ k|ToIf dfgj ;+ks{ sL h¿/ t xf] tL x} cf} / hf] dgdfg] zf;g sf dfu{ k|z: t s/ tf x} jxf+ O{-k|zf;g sL dbb ;] ;"rgf k|f} Bf] lusL sf k|of] u pg ljleGg r/ 0ff] + cf} / : t/ f] + sL cgb] vL s/ g] d] + lsof hf ;stf x} . dfgj ;+ks{ sf] ;dfKt s/ g] cf} / ;/ sf/ L k|lqmofcf] + sf] c‘fgnfOg d] + kl/ jlt{t s/ g] ;] v'b/ f e|i6frf/ ;] lgk6g] d] + cjZo dbb ldn ;stL x} . ;/ sf/ sf] eL ca cg] s k|of] u s/ g] sL cfjZostf gxL+ x} , ljut d] + lsof uof k/ LIf0f O;sf ujfx ag ;stf x} .

ca e|i6frf/ ;] lgk6] uL ;"rgf k|f} Bf] lusL <Û

;'lht s'df/ emf

gful/ stf agfgf xf] of lkm/ jf] 6/ ln: 6 d] + gfdf+sg s/ fgf xf] Og ;a d] + ;"rgf k|f} Bf] lusL sf ;xf/ f n] gf z'¿ xf] r'sf x} . ca nf] uf] + sf] o] ljZjf; xf] r'sf x} ls ;/ sf/ L k|lqmofcf] + d] + cfO{6L sfo{Ifdtf s] k|of] u ;] kf/ blz{tf a9Þfg] d] + cf} / sO{ k|sf/

e|i6frf/ ;] lgk6g] d] + sfkmL dbb ldn ;stL x} .


Jo+Uo

d's'Gb cfrfo{

cfh sL O; hflnd b'lgofF d] + d: sf df/ gf, dSvg nufgf, tnjf rf6gf,

rf6'sfl/ tf, o] ;eL nkm\h dSvgafhL sf aofF s/ t] x} + . xdf/ ] b] jL–b] jtf eL tf] ckgf–ckgf : tf] q ;'gs/ km"n] gxL+ ;dft] cf} / cfgg–kmfgg d] + j/ bfg b] s/ xdf/ L emf] nL e/ b] t] x} + . v} / , dSvgafhL ;] ;eL jflskm x} + . x} g v'zL sL aft <Û

sxg] sf ds;b o] x} ls OG;fg g] ckgL OG;flgot s] cGb/ dSvgafhL sf] eL z'df/ s/ lnof x} . lnxfhf xd nu] xfy x/ eujfg b] jL b] jtf, kL/ kmsL/ s] sbdf] + d] + ;hbf s/ t] / xt] x} + . cf} / ckgL d'/ fb k"/ L xf] g] sL pDdLb nufP a} 7] / xt]

x} + . cflv/ pDdLb k/ xL tf] b'lgofF s] nf] u hL / x] x} + . O;s] lagf b'lgofF sf a] 8Þf sa sf us{ xf] uof xf] tf .

sn xL sL tf] aft x} . sf7df+8Þ" s] Ps gfdL lu/ fdL dlGb/ s] cf;kf; d} + v8Þf yf, ls;L s] OGthf/ d] + . nu / xf yf, ;do kmfnt" d] + hfof xf] / xf x} . tf] v'bfO{ dSvgafhL s] jf: t] cfg] hfg] jfnf] + k/ d} + h/ f uf} / km/ dfg] nuf . a] as"kmf] + sL sdL gxL+ uflna, Ps 9"+9f] xhf/ ldnt] x} + .

s'5 xL b] / d] + Ps eQm cfof . eujfg sL cf] / ;/ em'sf s/ , cw{ wg'/ f;g sL d'b|f d] + cfFv] d'+b] jx ax't b] / ts s'5 a'ba'bftf / xf . eujfg sL dSvgafhL ;]

kxn] p;g] ckg] h"t] vf] n lbP y] . cf} / cfFv] aGb s/ nL yL+ . eujfg g] ls; xb ts p;sL ;'gL yL, ox tf] d'em] ktf gxL+ . du/ xfF, ha p;sL cfFv] v'nL tf] h"t] ufoa y] . a] rf/ f s'5 b] / ts ckg] vf] P h"t] sL tnfz d] + g+u] kf+j Ow/ –pw/ ef} +rSsf xf] s/ e6stf / xf . h"t] s] af/ ] d] + ls;;] k"5tf cf} / ls; sf] ktf yf <Û a] rf/ ] sf] ox dSvgafhL a8ÞL dx+uL k8ÞL .

g hfg] ls;L lbzf ;] Ps kSsf 7f] sf ahfof x'cf, eQm k|s6 x'cf . nnf6 d] + ee"t sL df] 6L k/ t, un] d] + a8Þ] –a8Þ] ?b|fIf sL nDaL ;L dfnf, / Qm j0f{ sf nDaf ;f rf] +uf, cf} ;t ;] s'5 nDaf sb, a8ÞL–a9L cfFvf] + d] + uf+h] sL nflndf–s'n ldnf s/ eQm sf ejg eJo yf . s'5–s'5 eofgs eL Û

Otg] d] + ls;L gfbfg levd+u] aRr] g] p;] 5" lbof, cf} / s6f] / f cfu] s/ lbof . eQm xfy hf] 8Þ] x'P yf . lkm/ eL df} sf ldnt] xL p;g] p; aRr] sf] OtgL hf] / ;] ykl8Þofcf ls a] rf/ f jxL+ lu/ k8Þf cf} /

eQm sf] ufln+ofF b] g] nuf . df] 6L–df] 6L eb\bL–eb\bL uflnofF .

cf;kf; lhtg] levd+u] y] , ;a s] ;a k] z] j/ y] cf} / ckg] k] zfut xslxt s] ;+/ If0f s] lnP d/ ld6g] sf] t} of/ y] . j] eQm sf] sfkmL enf a'/ f asg] nu] . abn] d] + eQm eL pnem k8Þf . s'5 b] / ts a8ÞL emfFj–emfFj x'O{ . a8Þ] a] dg ;] ckgL 8Þ\o'6L k/ v8Þf Ps k'lnl;of hjfg dfdn] sf] ;'nemfg] cfof .

p;g] a8ÞL r't/ fO{ ;] eQm sf] eL8Þ d] + ;] pjf/ t] x'P b"/ Ps sf] g] ] d] + n] hf s/ pmFr gLr ax't s'5 ;demfof . eQm eoeLt cf} / af} vnfof x'cf yf . eujfg

sf] d: sf df/ g] s] lnP jx b; ¿ko] sf hf] gf] 6 nfof yf, jx p;g] k'ln; sf] d: sf nufg] d] + vr{ s/ lbP . ca k'lnl;of hjfg levd+u] sf] ;demg] s] lnP emk6f . p;s] t] j/ b] vs/ ;eL Ps nfOg d] + zfGt xf] s/ a} 7 uP . eQm sL elQm k/ ceL eL a] rf/ ] s'5 a'ba'bf / x] y] , eQm sf] eL ktf gxL+ rnf ls cfh eujfg sf] p;sL dSvgjfhL Sof] + k;Gb gxL+ cfO{ . j} ;] j] rf/ f ;f] ln8Þ dSvgafh yf . v} / ===

O; bf} / fg d} +g] s'5 P] ;] eb| eQm eL b] v] , hf] b"/ ;] xL ckg] eujfg sf] ofb s/ xfy hf] 8Þ k|0ffd s/ t] x'P cfu] a9Þ hft] . s'5 tf] ;nfd s/ g] sL d'b|f d] + eL lbvfO{ b] t] . s'5 tf] rnt] –rnft] Ps xL c+u'nL ;] ckgL 5ftL cf} / d: ts sf] 5" s/ dSvgafhL sL / Zd–cbfouL k"/ L s/ t] .

cf} / xfF, Ps bf] P] ;] eQm eL k|s6 x'P, hf] dlGb/ ;] lgsng] s] afb leIffyL{ sL s6f] l/ of] + d] + lrNn/ 8Þfnt] x'P cfu] a9Þ hft] cf} / dg xL dg v'b sf] bfgL ;dems/ cfTd/ lt d] + vf] hft] . s'5 tf] afsfobf levd+uf] s] kfq d] + 5f] 6] –5f] 6] n8Þ\8Þ" 8Þfnt] gh/ cft] . sf] O{ eQm Ps d'¶L rfjn n] s/ ;a s] kfq d] + ;dfg'klts dfqf d] + 8Þfnt] x'P lgsn hftf . ox b] v s/ d'em] eujfg >Ls[i0f åf/ f uLtf d] + sxL uO{– …of] uM sd{if' sf} znd\Ú sL a/ a; ofb cf hftL cf} / ;f] rtf P] ;] ;dfg'kflts eQm sf] tf] xdf/ L ;+ljwfg ;ef d] + 3'; hfgf rflxP yf .

eujfg sf] d: sf df/ g] ;] kmfob] xL kmfob] xf] +u] . cf} / s'5 eL xfy g nu] tf] eL nf] uf] + sf ghl/ of cfk s] af/ ] d] + h¿/ abn hfouf . cfk d'km\t d] + cR5f enfdfg'; sxnfg] nu] +u] . oxL Sof 5f] 6L–df] 6L aft x} <

d] / L / fo d] + tf] xdf/ L ;/ sf/ sf] ;do d] + xL Ps / fi6«Lo dSvgafhL k|lzIf0f s] Gb| vf] n b] gf rflxP . lh; s] Gb| ;] pTkflbt g] kfnL ljBfyL{ dSvgafhL sL snf d] + ljZj/ ] s8Þ{ sfod s/ b] z sf gfd / f] zg s/ ;s] + . b] v] + ;/ sf/ sf] sa ;b\a'l4 cftL x} Û

d: sf df/ g] sL dgdf] xs d'b|fP+

xdf/ L ;/ sf/ sf] ;do d] + xL Ps / fi6«Lo dSvgafhL k|lzIf0f s] Gb| vf] n b] gf rflxP . lh; s] Gb| ;] pTkflbt g] kfnL ljBfyL{ dSvgafhL sL snf d] +

ljZj/ ] s8 Þ{ sfod s/ b] z sf gfd / f] zg s/ ;s] + . b] v] + ;/ sf/ sf] sa ;b\a'l4 cftL x} Û

41lxdflngLhgj/L@)!%

cWofTd

/jLGb| emf ‘z+s/’

ls;L g] k"5f ls ckg] lgodf] + d] + Ps rLh x} ls b";/ ] s] xs sf k} ;f hfg–a"em s/

gxL+ n] gf rflxP . O; d] + Sof aft x} < b";/ ] sf xs Sof x} < cfh s] hdfg] d] + tf] O; aft k/ b";/ ] s] xs sL aft k/ s'5 ;demgf xL a] sf/ x} . cfh tf] O; k|sf/ sL rLh x} ls ls;L eL k|sf/ ;] olb xd n] ;s] + tf] ;f/ f ckg] xs sf x} . g n] ;s] + g kf ;s+] , sf] O{ pkfo g xf] tf] ckg] cfk b";/ ] s] xs sf xf] uof . cfh xdf/ L ox bzf x+;g] sL gxL+, / f] g] sL bzf x} .

Ps syf cftL x} ls sf] O{ Ps / fhf y] . j] ;Tk'?if y] , ;T;+uL y] . pgsL ls;L lbg Ps ;Gt ;] aft xf] / xL yL tf] pGxf] +g] k"5f ls xs Sof rLh x} < xd] + sxL xs sL / f] 6L ldn hfP tf] a8Þf cR5f . ;Gt g] sxf– t'Dxf/ ] zx/ s] cd's d'xNn] d] + Ps a'l9Þof / xtL x} . jx a'l9Þof x} tf] ax't u/ La, k/ Gt' jx a'l9Þof ckg] xs sf vftL x} . p;sL / f] 6L xs sL / f] 6L xf] tL x} . t'd jxfF hfcf] . / fhf a8Þ] u'0fu|fxL y] . pGx] + hfgg] sL a8ÞL pT;'stf yL . xs ;demg] sL rfx yL, O;lnP j] a'l9Þof s] kf; kx'Fr] . / fhf g] a'l9Þof ;] sxf– d} of Û d} g] ;'gf x} ls t'd xs sf vftL xf] . t'Dxf/ ] oxfF xs sL / f] 6L ldn ;stL x} < d} + xs sL / f] 6L df+ug] cfof x"F, lh;;] d} + kljq xf] hfpmF . a'l9Þof g] sxf, …a] 6f Û Ps / f] 6L d] / ] kf; x} h¿/ , k/ Gt' jx cfwL xs sL x} cf} / cfwL a] xs sL x} . k"/ ] xs sL / f] 6L cfh gxL+ x} . / fhf g] k"5f– k"/ ] xs sL cf} / cfw] xs sL Sof dtnj x} < ta a'l9Þof g] pQ/ lbof– d} + ;"t sft s/ p;] a] rtL x"F . p;;] hf] dhb"/ L ldntL x} , p;L ;] d} + ckgf sfd rnftL x"F . O;;] d} + ;demtL x"F ls jx d] / ] xs sf x} . ckgL d] xgt sL sdfO{ / xtL x} . ls;L b";/ ] k/ ls;L k|sf/ sf sf] O{ af] em g 8Þfns/ , ckgL d] xgt ;] k} ;f sdfs/ d} + vftL x"F cf} / d] / f sfd rntf x} . Ps lbg Ps h'n"; hf / xf yf . zfd xf] uO{ yL . d'em] bLks hnf n] gf rflxP yf, k/ Gt' jx h'n'; lgsnf . p; d] + dzfn] + yL . O;lnP d} +g] bLof hnfof gxL+ cf} / p; / f] zgL d] + d} +g] ;"t sft lnof . lhtgf ;"t d} +g] p; / f] zgL d] + sftf, ptgf d] / ] xs sf gxL+, jx a] –xs sf x} . ta / fhf sf] xs sL rLh Sof xf] tL x} , jx ;dem d] + cfO{ .

xdf/ ] oxfF tf] P] ;L ax't ;L aft] +, ax't ;] pbfx/ 0f x} + . dxfef/ t sL Ps syf x} . xdf/ ] bf] a8Þ] dxlif{ x'P x} +– : d[ltsf/ . a8Þ] s§/ . Otg] s§/ ls pg nf] uf] + g] ;do k/ g kx'Frg] s] lnP b08Þ / vf yf ls hf] ;do k/ g cfP p;] t] n s] s8Þfx] d] + 8Þfn lbof hfP . ox h} ldgLo cZjd] w sL syf x} . ;'wGjf sf] t] n s] s8Þfx] d] + 8Þfnf uof yf . Otg] a8Þ] s§/ y] z+v cf} / lnlvt . bf] gf] + d] + aF6jf/ f xf] uof . O; k/ Wofg b] g] sL aft x} . cfh Sof bzf x} cf} / p; hdfg] d] + Sof aft yL . z+v cf} / lnlvt bf] gf] + efOof] + sf hdLg sf, dsfg sf cf} / hf] s'5 eL yf, p;sf aF6jf/ f xf] uof . bf] gf] + efOof] + d] + ax't k|] d yf, bf] gf] + Ps b";/ ] s] lnP k|f0f b] g] s] lnP k|: t't / xt] y] . pg d] + aF6jf/ f xf] uof tf] Sof, efO{ y] . Ps lbg 5f] 6] efO{ g] a8Þ] efO{ s] auLr] d] + Ps k] 8Þ ;] Ps kmn tf] 8Þ s/ vf lnof . ha a8Þ] efO{ cfP tf] pgs] kf; hfs/ sx lbof ls d} +g] cfh cfk s] auLr] d] + Ps kmn tf] 8Þ s/ vfof x} . j] a8Þ] k|;Gg x'P ls efO{ g] vfof x} cf} / Sof rflxP < n] lsg rfxt] x} + ls pgs] efO{ sf hLjg wd{ d] + cToGt k|ltli7t xf] . kmn vfg] d] + sf] O{ cfklQ gxL+ . df+u s/ jx rfx] tf] ;f/ ] –s] ;f/ ] kmn n] n] . pgs] k|] d d] + sf] O{ e] b gxL+ .

n] lsg j] tf] : d[ltsf/ x} +– nf] uf] + sf] wd{ l;vnfg] jfn] . O;lnP z+v g] ckg] efO{ lnlvt ;] k"5f– cR5f, e} of . ox atfcf] ls t'dg] d'em;] lagf k"5] hf] k] 8Þ ;] kmn tf] s/ vf lnof– O; lqmof sL Sof ;+1f xf] uL < O;] Sof gfd lbof hfP < : d[ltsf/ x} + g, O;lnP k"5t] x} + ls t'Dxf/ L O; lqmof sf gfd Sof x} < pGxf] +g] ;f] rs/ sxf– dxf/ fh Û rf] / L . aF6jf/ f xf] r'sf x} . jx cfksL ;DklQ x} . lagf cfksL cg'dlt s] ckgL OR5f ;] n] n] gf rf] / L x} . lkm/ pGxf] +g] sxf– rf] / L sf b08Þ Sof xf] tf x} < p;L ;] k"5t] x} + . p;g] sxf– rf] / s] xfy s6jf lbP hfPF, oxL rf] / L sf b08Þ xf] tf x} . pGxf] +g] sxf– hfcf] . xfy s6jf s/ cfcf] .

ox lstgL eLif0f aft x} . cfh s] o'u sf cfbdL O; aft sf] ;dem gxL+ ;stf ls Ps kmn cu/ p;g] vf lnof tf] k|sf/ fGt/ ;] ox p;] km';nfs/ p;sf xfy s6jf b] gf rfxtf x} . lstgf g[z+; x} < lstgf lgb{oL x} < lstgf cTofrf/ L x} < lstgf : jfyL{ x} < ox ;a aft] + cfhsn xd nf] u sx ;st] x} , k/ Gt' lnlvt g] ox aft gxL+ ;f] rL . p;g] ;f] rf ls efO{ sf d] / ] pmk/ a8Þf pksf/ x} . d'em] wd{ s] kIf ;] h/ f eL ljrlnt xf] t] efO{ b] v gxL+ ;st] . d'em] arft] x} + . ox lstgf a8Þf

pksf/ x} . j] pksf/ dfgs/ xfy s6jfg] s] lnP hft] x} +, / fhf s] kf; . / fhf ;] hfs/ sxt] x} + . j] : jo+ rf] / L : jLsf/ s/ t] x} + ls xfF d} +g] rf] / L sL x} . ckg] efO{ s] oxfF kmn r'/ fof x} . cfk d] / f xfy s6jf bf] , / fhf g] aft] + ;'gL cf} / sxf– sf] O{ aft gxL+, efO{ ;] sx bf] . O; k/ lnlvt g] sxf– sxg] ;] Sof xf] tf x} < rf] / L d} +g] sL x} . / fhf g] sxf– sf] O{ aft gxL+ . lkm/ lnlvt g] sxf– cfk sf} g xf] t] x} +, P] ;f sxg] jfn] < : d[ltsf/ xd x} +, sfg"g agfg] jfn] xd x} +, t'Dxf/ f sfo{ x} – sfg"g sf kfng s/ gf cf} / s/ jfgf . t'd ckgf sfo{ s/ f] cf} / sfg"g s] aLr d] + dt k8Þf] . / fhf g] xfy s6jf lbP .

lnlvt s] xfy s6 uP . v"g ax / xf x} . kL8Þf xf] / xL x} . k/ Gt' dg d] + a8Þf xif{ x} cf} / efO{ s] k|lt cToGt s[t1tf sf efj x} ls efO{ g] cfh d'em] kfk ;] arf lnof . j] jfk; cf uP cf} / ox b] vs/ efO{ a8Þ] k|;Gg x'P . oBlk pgs] dg d] + a8Þf b'Mv x'cf ls O; s] xfy s6 uP . j] hfg / x] y] ls ckgf xL xfy s6 uof x} . lnlvt s] xfy s6] x} + tf] z+v sf xL xfy s6f x} . z+v s] dg d] + a8ÞL kL8Þf x} , k/ Gt' dg d] + a8Þf ;Gtf] if x} ls d] / f efO{ lstgf wfld{s x} ls d] / ] sxg] dfq ;] O;g] ckgL e"n : jLsf/ s/ nL cf} / b08Þ n] lnof .

k|ftM sfn x'cf . p; lbg pgs] lktfhL sf >f4 yf . z+v g] sxf– e} of Û hfcf] , tk{0f s/ s] cfcf] efO{ sL cf1f x} . lnlvt hfgt] y] ls xfy x} gxL+, hnf+hln s} ;] bL hfPuL, n] lsg j] uP . pGxf] +g] Hof] + xL gbL d] + xfy 8Þfnf, Tof] + xL pgs] xfy Hof+] s] Tof] + xf] uP . ox xs x} .

ls;L sf eL ls;L eL k|sf/ ;] ckg] kf; xs cf hfP tf] kxn] hdfg] s] nf] u dfgt] y] ls ox 3/ d] + ljif cf uof x} . cfh tf] xd ckg] sf] pGgt dfgt] x} + cf} / ox bzf xdf/ L O;lnP x} ls a'l4 xdf/ L td;fR5Gg xf] uO{ x} .

;jfyf{lGjk/ Ltf+Zr a'l4M ;f kfy{ tfd;L –uLtf !*.#@

eujfg g] sxf x} ls ha a'l4 td;fR5Gg xf] tL x} , ta ;a s'5 pN6f bLvtf x} , cfh xd lu/ / x] x} + . xdf/ f g} lts ktg xf] / xf x} , k/ Gt' cfh sf ;dfh, cfh sf g] tf cf} / cfh sf cu|u0o k'?if sxtf x} ls xdf/ L pGglt xf] / xL x} . xdf/ f pTyfg xf] / xf x} .

ox tf] xsjfnL aft x} . O;lnP hxfF ts ag] jxfF ts hfg a"em s/ b";/ ] s] xs sf sf] O{ eL kbfy{ gxL+ n] gf rflxP .

xs sL / f] 6L


;[li6 cfksL, b[li6 xdf/Ls[lt M hLjg sltko -lga+w ;+u|x_n] vs M hgs/ fh ;fksf] 6fk|sfzs M lnlk a'S;k|sfzg jif{ M @)&! lj=;++k[i7 ;+Vof M !*(d"No M @%) ?ko]

v'b|f v';L, ljdfgsf] 9f] sfaf6, ;';fO8 gf] 6, cf} ;t dfG5] cf} / a|u] NtL c;xdlt pkzLif{s b] s/ lga+w lnv]

uo] x} + . sxgf g xf] uf ls Og lga+wf] + d] + lgaGwsf/ g] ckg] wd{ sf] av"aL lgafxf x} .

n] vs sf] dw] z s] zx/ cf} / ufFj sL ofqf s/ g] s] afb hf] cg'ej k|fKt x'cf, p;] oxfF cg'e"t lsof hf ;stf x} . lga+wsf/ g] b] z d] + JofKt cfly{s ljkGgtfcf] + cf} / ;fdflhs lj;+ltof] + sf] O{dfgbf/ L s] ;fy / ] vf+lst lsof x} . dw] z d] + JofKt afn ljjfx k/ Ps ;"Id b[li6 kfO{ hftL x} tf] jxL pgsf efj's Åbo b|ljt xf] hftf x} l;/ fxf sL 36gf sf] cx;f; s/ s] . O;L t/ x dw] z d] + JofKt xTof, lx+;f cf} / anfTsf/ sL 36gfcf] + s] k|lt n] vs efj'st xf] t] x} cf} / ckgL lr+tf JoSt s/ t] x} + . Ps xL aft v6stL x} . cf} / jx x} n] vssf Pst/ kmf aofg . n] vs g] Ps xL kIf sf] xdf/ ] ;dIf k/ f] ;f x} . dw] z s] ufFj cf} / zx/ f] s] s'¿k r] x/ ] xL xdf/ ] ;fdg] gh/ cft] x} + . hals dw] z sL ;RrfO{ cf} / eL x} lh;] / ] vf+sg s/ gf rflxP yf . n] vs g] dw] z d] + cjl: yt rGb|lguf/ k'/ , uf} / , gjnk'/ , dn+ujf, hgsk'/ , s+rgk'/ , l;/ xf, af/ f cf} / jL/ u+h h} ;L huxf] + d] + s] jn s'¿ktf xL b] vL x} . pgsf] pg huxf] + sL cR5fOofF gh/ gxL+ cfO{ x} + . jf: tljstf ox ls ox pgs] kqsfl/ tf l/ kf] {6 sf b: tfj] h x} . Otgf xf] g] s] afjh"b ox s[lt ;+u|xgLo x} cf} / k7gLo eL .

k|: t'ltM uf] kfn cZs

ox ;r x} ls g] kfn ax'eflifs, ax'wfld{s cf} / ax'hftLo b] z x} cf} / O;] k|s[lt g] ckgL ;'Gb/ tf ;] sfkmL lgvf/ f x} . g] kfn ljZj sL lgufxf] + d] + a;g] jfnf b] z eL x} . O;s] sf/ 0f oxfF ;do–;do k/ xf] g] jfn] / fhg} lts kl/ jt{g eL / x] x} + . cfhsn ox b] z ;+ljwfg lgdf{0f sL k|ls|of d] + x} . sxg] sf] tf] g] kfn d] + u0ft+q sL : yfkgf xf] uO{ x} . k/ Gt' w/ ftnLo oyfy{ ox x} ls jx ceL ts ;+: yfut gxL+ xf] kfof x} . g] kfn d] + ;do–;do k/ å+å cf} / cfGbf] ng xf] t] / x] x} + cf} / g] kfnL hg–hLjg k|efljt xf] tf / xf x} . O;L s8ÞL d] + xd dfcf] jfbL å+å cf} / dw] z cfGbf] ng sf] n] ;st] x} + . ox tf] O; b] z sf / fhg} lts kIf x} . O;s] ;fy–;fy O; b] z sf ;fdflhs cf} / cfly{s kIf eL x} hf] sfkmL ljb|"k x} . g] kfnL hg–hLjg ;fdflhs ljb|"ktf cf} / lj;+ultof] + sf lzsf/ x} cf} / lzsf/ x} + lsgf/ ] s[t cf} / l;dfgfs[t gful/ s . O; b[li6sf] 0f ;] g s] jn dw] z alNs k"/ f g] kfn xL kLl8Þt x} . OgxL+ ;Gbef] {+ sL vf] h d] + kqsf/ hgs/ fh ;fksf] 6f g] dw] z sL s'5 huxf] + ofqf sL . j} ;] tf] pgsL jx ofqf laNs'n kqsfl/ tf s] wd{ s] p2] Zo ;] ;DkGg x'O{ yL . n] lsg pgsf efj's Åbo b|ljt xf] uof cf} / pgsL snd g] p; ofqf sf] zAbf] + d] + lk/ f] 8fnL . p;L sf glthf x} ox s[lt x} lh;sf gfd x} …

hLjg sltkoÚ . O; s[lt s] k|sfzs x} + lnlk a'S; . n] vs g] O;] lga+w s] ¿k d] xdf/ ] aLr k|: t't lsof x} . ox Ps ;+: d/ 0ffTds lga+w x} . O; s[lt d] + bf] v08 x} . kxn] v08 d] + dw] z / hLjg - dw] z cf} / hLjg_ cf} / b";/ ] v08 d] + ;x/ / hLjg - zx/ cf} / hLjg_ zLif{s s] cGtu{t sO{ pkzLif{s lbP uo] + x} + . dw] z / hLjg v08 s] cGtu{t …lkmNd eOb] cf] ;, nfdafx'n] ;6{,nngsf] lax] ,hgsk'/ Ao"Flem/ xof] , l;dfGt lrq, ;: tf] d[To' M dxFuf] b'Mv cf} / df} g a: tLÚ zLif{s b] s/ lga+w lnv] uo] x} + tf] ;x/ / hLjg s] cGtu{t …k|;"ltu[x,8fOk/ h] g] / ] ;g, ;dosf] bfu, lxDdt afF8\g] ;x/ ,;8s–ljZjljBfno, ofqfMcg] s cfFvLem\ofn,6«flkmsjfnf, ;dosf] 3'DtL,

sn Ol08of ===dfq ?= @=() k|lt ld

g] 6

;fy} stf/ , ;fpbL, c/ ] loaf, o"=P=O{=, ax/ fOg / s'a] tdf kmf] g ubf{ ca dfq ?= !@ k|lt ldg] 6 .

kmf] g ug] { tl/ sf M!$@$±slG6«sf] 8Þ ±kmf] g g+=

yk hfgsf/ Lsf nfluMgf] l6;af] 8Þ{ g+= !^!* )&)& !!!!! df 8Þfon u/ L ;'Gg ;Sg'x'g] 5 . pNn] lvt dxz'n b/ df g] kfn ;/ sf/ sf] lgodfg';f/ nfUg] s/ ;dfj] z ul/ Psf] 5}g . g] kfn 6] lnsd

k':ts ;dLIff

43lxdflngLhgj/L@)!%

g] kfn ;/ sf/ x/ jif{ s[lif If] q d] + k|ult s/ g] s] lnP s'5 g s'5 lgj] z s/ tL / xtL x} , s[lif k] zf d] + cfwfl/ t ls;fgf] + sf] ;x'lnot k|bfg s/ g] s] p2] Zo ;] g] kfn ;/ sf/ s[lif dGqfno dfkm{t ljleGg lhnf d] + cgfk] lIft lgj] z s/ / xf x} . O; ;fn s[lif ah6 d] + c+wfw'Gw a9Þf] Q/ L xf] g] s] afb lxdflngL g] s[lif If] q d] + xf] / x] sldoflu/ L sf hfohf cf} / lrGtfhgs l: ylt sf v'nf;f lsof .

s[lif ;] h'8] Þ ls;fgf] + sf] pgsL k|ult cf} / ;x'lnot s] lnP ;/ sf/ aLh, s[lif ;fdu|L, pks/ 0f, C0f, Joj;fo, kz'kfng cflb d] + ;/ sf/ @% k|ltzt ts cg'bfg b] tL x} . ;jfn ox x} ls cfFs8] atf / x] x} + lk5n] % jiff] {+ d] + lhn] d] + s[lif If] q 36tf hf / xf x} , o'jf ljb] z sL cf] / cfslif{t x} +, ufFj ufFj d] + zx/ Ls/ 0f xf] / xf x} , tf] lkm/ ox cg'bfg hftf sxfF x} < sxfF lgj] z s/ tL x} ;/ sf/ < cf} / s} ;] nf] uf] + k/ d] x/ afg x} s[lif sfof{no < lxdflngL g] k"/ L 36gfcf] + s] cGb/ ;] hfgg] sL sf] lzz sL x} .

a9Þt] x'P zx/ Ls/ 0f, hdLg s] sf/ f] af/ , gbL s6fg, k6fg, Knfl6+u h} ;] sf/ 0ff+] ;] lhn] d] + x/ ;fn s[lif e"ld 36tL hf / xL x} , n] lsg ;/ sf/ OtgL d] x/ afg x} ls e";+/ If0f sL sf] O{ of] hgf ;+rfng lsP lagf cgflws[t ¿k ;] s[lif If] q d] + lgj] z a9ÞftL hf / xL x} . cfd ls;fg ts ;/ sf/ L ;x'lnot cf} / of] hgfPF tf] kx'Fr xL gxL+ kftL, xf] lnof lgjf;L s[ifs / fd ;d'em adf{ g] atfof ls s[lif sfof{no sL of] hgf s'5 r'lgGbf nf] uf] s] lnP xL dfq xf] tL x} . cfd ls;fg s[lif of] hgf s] af/ ] d] + d'lZsn ;] seL sef/ ;fdfGo hfgsf/ L hfgsf/ L s/ kftf x} .

g] kfnuGh pkdxfgu/ kflnsf sL l: ylt eL jxL x} , lk5n] % jiff] +{ d] + pRr: t/ Lo ef} lts ;+/ rgf t} of/ x'P x} +, u8\9] e/ ] uP x} + cf} / hdLg sL Knfl6+u hf] / f] + k/ x} , clwsfFz If] q 38] / L s] lnP l8hfOg lsP uP x} + .

ox x} hdLg 36g] sf cfFs8Þfef} lts ;+/ rgf lgdf{0f s] ;fy lhn] d] +

af9Þ cf} / e" Ifo sL eL cj: yf bb{gfs x} . lhnf s[lif sfof{no afFs] sL @ jiff] {+ s] tYofFs k/ gh/ 8fn] + tf] @)&) ;fn d] + lhn] d] + ^% x] S6] o/ s6fg, (@ x] S6] o/ k6fg / @@(

x] S6] o/ If] q s] s[lif afnL d] + Iflt x'cf . @)&! ;fn d] + ^^&=^$ x] S6] o/ s6fg, @*!%=(# x] S6] o/ k6fg cf} / $%$!=!$ x] S6] o/ If] q sL s[lif afnL gi6 x'O{ x} . lhn] sf s'n If] qkmn @@%*#^ x] S6] o/ d] + %&@%& x] S6] o/ e"efu s[lif of] Uo x} . s[lif sfof{no s] s[lif k|;f/ clws[t wg axfb'/ k'g g] atfof ls s'n #!^!=)$ x] S6] o/ e"efu @ jif{ d] + af9 s] sf/ 0f Ifltu|: t x'cf x} .

lhn] s] s'n If] qkmn @%=#% k|ltzt e"ld

s[lif of] Uo x} n] lsg @#=$ k|ltzt d] + dfq s[lif pTkfbg xf] / xf x} . afFsL If] q d] + jg, gbL gfnf, ef} lts ;+/ rgf cflb : yflkt x} .

dg df] xs s[lif lgj] zlhnf s[lif sfof{no dfkm{t ;/ sf/ g]

x/ ] s jif{ s[lif pTkfbg j[l4 s/ g] s] lnP dgdf] xs k"FhL nufgL s/ tL x} . ;/ sf/ s] nufgL g] cfd ls;fgf] + sf] aLh, pks/ 0f, s[lif Aoj;fo cflb d] + @% k|ltzt cg'bfg b] g] sf k|fjwfg x} , hf] cfd ls;fgf] + ts g kx'Frg] sL lzsfot h] Hofbf k|efljt x} . ^ jiff] {+ d] afFs] lhnf d] + ;/ sf/ g] s'5 O; t/ x ls;fgf] + s] gfd k/ nufgL lsof hf] jf: tljs ls;fgf] ts gxL+ kx'Frf .

lhnf s[lif sfof{no afFs] g] k|fKt / sd ;] tflnd, s[lif cf} hf/ , pks/ 0f, kz'kfng kfng, Rofp v] tL, dTo; kfng cf} / ljleGg aLh d] + @% k|ltzt ts cg'bfg s/ tf x} n] lsg kmLN8 d] + s[ifs ax't sd ldnt] x} + hf] O; nfe sf pkof] u s/ / x] x} + . lk5n] lbgf] ljsf; s] ;fy s6fg, k6fg cf} / 8'afg ;d: of s] sf/ 0f bh{g ;] clws ufla; If] q d] + s[lif pTkfbg d] + x|f; x'cf x} . s[lif sfof{no s] cfFs8] sf] dfg] + tf] cf} ;t ¿k d] + x/ ;fn s[lif If] q 36tf hf / xf x} , .

ckof{Kt sd{rf/ L ;d: ofafFs] lhnf d] + x/ ] s uflj; If] q d] + sfd

s/ g] s] lnP : yflkt $ s[lif s] Gb| tyf ( pks] Gb| dWo] Ps bzs kxn] ;/ sf/ g] ( pks] Gb|f] + sf] vfl/ h s/ lbof, hxfF ( pks] Gb| s] afjh"b eL sd{rf/ L ;d: of atfoL hf / xL yL jxL+ sd{rfl/ of] + sf cefj cf} / eL lrGtf sf ljifo agtf uof . pks] Gb| s] lnP hxfF

ckgf ejg yf jxfF s[lif g] ckg] k|fljlws sf] : yflkt lsof cf} / p;] ;Dks{ sfof{no s] gfd ;] ;+rflnt lsof .

xfn lhn] d] + dfq ( s[lif k|fljlws x} +, lhgs] an a"t] k/ s[lif cjnf] sg, d'NofFsg cf} / kl/ dfh{g sf sfd xf] tf x} . g/ } gfk'/ s[lif ;] jf s] Gb| s] k|d'v cf] d k|sfz zdf{ g] atfof ls sd{rfl/ of] + s] cefj s] sf/ 0f s[lif If] q ck] Iffs[t ¿k ;] ult gxL+ n] kf / xf x} . ( uflj; If] q s] lhDd] jf/ L d] + tgfy zdf{

g] sxf, clwsfFz If] q d] + ls;fg ;] hats kl/ ro xf] tf x} tats b";/ ] uflj; d] + sfd hfgf k8Þtf x} lh;s] sf/ 0f kf/ : kl/ s ;DaGw sfod gxL+ xf] kftf x} .

zdf{ g] sxf ha ts ;/ sf/ x/ ] s jf8{ d] + : yfgLo s[lif ;xhstf{ lgo'St gxL+ s/ ] uf tats sd{rfl/ of] + sf cefj ls;fgf] + s] lnP ;d: of agtf / x] uf . xfn lhn] s] sf] xnk'/ d] + @, g/ } gfk'/ d] + @, afu] Zj/ L d] + @ cf} / pbok'/ d] + # s[lif k|fljlws t} gft x} + . lhnf s[lif sfof{no afFs] d] + s'n $! sd{rfl/ of] + sL b/ aGbL x} n] lsg sfof{no ;xfos @, gf;' !, k|fljlws ;xfos @, of] hgf clws[t ! sf kb nDa] ;do ;] l/ St x} .

P] ;] xf] ;stf x} e";+/ If0faf9Þ s] sf/ 0f gi6 xf] t] s[lif If] q sf]

;+/ lIft s/ g] s] lnP s[lif k|;f/ clws[t wg axfb'/ k'g g] Ps gof t/ Lsf atfof . clws kfgL hdg] jfn] If] q d] + af9Þ k|lt/ f] wL uGg] sL v] tL c;/ bf/ xf] ;stL x} .

uGgf af9Þ k|lt/ f] wL afnL xf] g] s] sf/ 0f an'x6 cf} / clws kfgL hdg] jfn] If] q d] + uGgf kmfob] sf ljifo ag ;stf x} lxdflngL ;] aftrLt d] + k'g g] sxf lhn] d] + uGgf pTkfbgsf 6|] G8 gxf] g] s] sf/ 0f clwsfFz If] q d] + nf] u wfg cf} / u] x'F s] kL5] nu] x'P x} + .

pGxf] +g] sxf, uGgf gub afnL d] + cftf x} hf] ls l;km{ u'8Þ pTkfbg lsof hfP tf] eL cR5L cfdbfgL b] ;stf x} . pGxf] g] slknj: t' sf pbfx/ 0f b] t] x'P sxf jxfF k/ clwsfFz If] q d] + nf] u uGg] sL pTkfbg s/ t] x} + cf} / wL/ ] wL/ ] af9Þ sL ;d: of eL 6ntL hf / xL x} .

ljgo bLlIft

s[lif k/ ;/ sf/ d] x/ afg, a] va/ ls;fgg]kfnu+h l/kf]6{


@% lb;Da/ @)!$ sf] …ljBfno : t/ Lo lxGbL ;flxTo lzIf0f ljlw, sfo{zfnfÚ ljZjljBfno lxGbL

s] Gb|Lo ljefu b\jf/ f cfof] lht sfo{qmd, hgsk'/ d] + ;DkGg x'cf . lh;d+] wg'iff, dxf] Q/ L, ;Kt/ L, / fhlj/ fh cf} / sf7df+8Þ" ;lxt s] k|f] km] ;/ Pj+ ;flxTosf/ , slj ;xefuL y] . P] ;f eL gxL+ yf ls ;eL lxGbLefifL y] , k/ lxGbL k|] dL cjZo y] . O; ;Dd] ng d] + g] kfnL, d} lynL, ef] hk'/ L cf} / c+u|] hL s] ljåfgf] + sL eL ;xeflutf yL .

cfof] hsf] + sf] 8Þ/ yf ls Ps d} lynL If] q d] + lxGbL sf sfo{qmd ls; xb ts ;kmn xf] kfPuf < hgsk'/ d] + lxGbL ;] ;DalGwt ox kxnf sfo{qmd yf, O;lnP eL cfof] hsf] +

sf lrlGtt xf] gf nflhdL yf . n] lsg s'5 xL ;do d] + lxGbL k|] ldof] + sL pkl: ylt g] cfof] hsf] + s] dgf] an sf] a9fof . sfo{qmd s] kxn] ;q d] + bf] sfo{kq k|: t't lsP uP hf] g] kfn d] + lxGbL cf} / p;s] k7g kf7g ;] ;DalGwt y] . lhgk/ ljåt ju{ sL l6Kkl0fofF eL zfldn yL+ . sfo{qmd s] b";/ ] ;q d] + ljrf/ f] + s] cfbfg k|bfg s] ;fy xL slj ;Dd] ng sf cfof] hg lsof uof yf lh;d] + sljof] + g] lxGbL sljtf sf jfrg lsof .

lqe'jg ljZjljBfno dfgljsL zf: q ;+sfo s] 8ÞLg k|Wofks 8f= lrGtfdl0f kf] v/ ] n g] atfof ls ljZjljBfno s] cflËs s} Dk;f] + d] + b] vL hf / xL nfk/ jfxL sf] / f] sg] s] lnP xL ;] d] i6/ k|0ffnL sL Joj: yf sL uO{ x} . s] G›Lo lxGbL ljefu sL ljefufWoIf 8f= Zj] tf bLlKt sL cWoIftf d] + x'P sfo{qmd d] + 8Lg kf] v/ ] n g] sxf ls ljZjljBfno d] + gfdf+lst xf] gf cf} / sIff d] + pkl: yt g xf] g] jfnL k|j[lt sf] / f] sgf tyf k|fWofks cf} / sd{rf/ L sf] ljZjljBfno s] k|lt lhDd] jf/ agfg] s] lnP ;] d] : 6/ k|0ffnL h¿/ L x} . O; k|0ffnL nfu" xf] g] s] afb ljBfyL{ sf] clgjfo{ ¿k d] + *) k|ltzt pkl: ylt cfjZos x} . P] ;f xf] g] k/ ljBfy{L cf} / k|fWofks sf] Snf; d] + pkl: yt xf] gf afWotf xf] hfP uL . P] ;f xf] g] k/ : t/ Lo pTkfbg sL ck] Iff sL hf / xL x} . pGxf] +g] sxf ls O; k|j[lt sf] / f] sg] s] lnP ;] d] i6/ k|0ffnL åf/ f k7g–kf7g d] + ;'wf/ s/ g] sL gLlt ljZjljBfno d] + nfu" xf] gf cfjZos x} . 8f= kf] v/ ] n g] sxf ls jf] ckgf k"/ f ;xof] u lxGbL ljefu sf] b] +u] . O; cj;/ k/ s} Dk; k|d'v gd] G› lglw g] dfgljsL ;+sfo d]+ 5fqf+] sL lg/ Gt/ sd

hgsk'/ d] + lxGbL ;Dd] ng

s}nfz bf;

efiff÷;flxTo

efiffcf] + s] åf/ f dg'io ckg] ljrf/ f] + cf} / efjgfcf] + sf cfbfg—k|bfg s/ t] x} + . ctM ls;L eL b] z s] ;jf{+lug ljsf; s] lnP dft[efiff, / fi6«efiff, cGt/ f{li6«o efiff cf} / ;Dks{ efiff sL h¿/ t k8ÞtL x} . xdf/ ] u/ La b] z g] kfn sL tLg ;LdfPF v'n] ¿k d] + ljsl;t b] z ef/ t ;] h'8ÞL x} + . kl/ 0ffd: j?k g] kfn—ef/ t sL hgtf d] + hftLo, j} jflxs, ;fdflhs, wfld{s, ;fF: s[lts, j+zfg'ut, cfly{s, j} 1flgs, : jf: Yo—pkrf/ fTds, dgf] / ~hgfTds k/ : k/ ;xof] u, cfoft—lgof{t, k|fs[lts, z} lIfs, tLyf{6g, ;flxlTos, / fhg} lts cf} / / f] hL / f] 6L sf ;DaGw cflbsfn ;] xL / xf x} lh;] rfxs/ eL tf] 8Þf gxL hf ;stf x} .

g] kfnL—lxGbL sL pTklt ;+: s[lt efiff ;] xf] g] ;] bf] gf] + sL lnlk eL b] jgfu/ L x} . ctM bf] gf] ;+: s[t sL bf] k'lqofF x} . lkm/ cfh s] o'u d] + lxGbL Ps

pe/ tL x'O{ ljZj efiff x} . ;+sL0f{—ljrf/ f] + s] cfwf/ k/ afx/ ;] en] xL sf] O{ lstgf eL lxGbL sf lj/ f] w s/ n] n] lsg eLt/ ;] ;TotYo sf] gsf/ gxL+ ;stf x} . pmFr—ljrf/ s] cfwf/ k/ b] vf hfo tf] g] kfnL hgtf sf] lxGbL efiff ;] efjgfTds k|] d x} lh;] ;+sL0f{—ljrf/ jfn] nf] u ;f/ L tfst nufg] s] jfjh'b eL h'bf gxL+ s/ ;st] x} + Sof] +ls x/ ] s lqmof s] a/ fa/ cf} / ljk/ Lt k|ltlqmof xf] tf x} .

ctM pko{'Qm ;f/ L cj: yfcf] + sf] Wofg d] + / vt] x'P ;Dks{ efiff s] ¿k d+] sfod / vg] s] lnP lxGbL sf] sd ;] sd P] lR5s ljifo s] ?k d] + g] kfn sL lzIff d] + nfu" s/ gf ckl/ xfo{ x} . ;fy xL, lxGbL sf ;DaGw cfhLljsf ;] h'8Þf xf] gf rflxP .

lszf] / L gfospk—k|fWofks, cFu|] hL

/ f=/ f=a=SofDk;, hgsk'/ ;+: yfksM uf} / L : s'n—SofDk;, hgsk'/

45lxdflngLhgj/L@)!%

efiff÷;flxTo

xf] g] sL k|j[lQ k/ ckgL lrGtf htfoL . pGxf] +g] sxf ls / f=/ f=a d] + lxGbL s] lzIfsf] + sL sdL x} cf} / ca jf] ljZjljBfno ;] O;sL dfFu s/ ] +u] cf} / lxGbL ljefu sf] ;d[4 s/ g] sL sf] lzz s/ ] +u] . pGxf] +g] dfgf ls dfgljsL ;+sfo s] x/ ljifof] + sL xfnt bogLo x} cf} / p;k/ Wofg b] g] sL cfjZostf x} . cu/ P] ;f gxL+ x'cf tf] sO{ ljefu aGb xf] g] sL l: ylt d] + cf hfPFu] . Og ;as] kL5] OG6/ sL k9ÞfO{ sfn] h d] + ;dfKt xf] hfg] sf] eL pGxf] +g] sf/ 0f dfgf . k|f] gjLg ld> g] : t/ Lo sfo{qmd s/ g] s] lno] lxGbL ljefufWoIf Zj] tf bLlKt sf] ;/ fxf . pGxf] +g] sxf ls lxGbL sf] lxGbL jfnf] + ;] xL vt/ f dx;"; lsof hf / xf x} . lxGbL s] gfd k/ s'5 nf] uf] + sf] ckgf kl/ ro b] g] d] + nHhf cftL x} . hals jf] p;L sL sdfO{ vft] x} + . k/ lxGbL ljZj sL ;d[4 efiff x} cf} / ;xh tyf ;/ n efiff x} . O;sL dxQf kxn] eL yL cf} / xd] zf / x] uL . cFu|] hL af] ng] d] + cu/ nf] u zfg ;demt] x} + tf] lxGbL ljb\jfgf] + sL efiff x} cf} / O;sf ;lbof] + sf ;d[4 Oltxf; / xf x} . sfo{qmd d] + ;xefuL cGo jQmfu0f g] sxf ls rf/ bzs k"j{ lxGbL efiff sf Jofks k|rf/ —k|;f/ / xf, lxGbL dfWod ;] k7g kf7g xf] g] s] jfjh"b eL e] befj lsof hf / xf x} . sfo{qmd d] + / f=/ f=a s} Dk; s] k"j{ k|d'v pk] G› sdn g] sxf hxfF sf tgVjfx vft] x} jxf k/ l;km{ xflh/ L s/ t] x} cf} / lghL ljBfno d] + jxL k|fWofks k9Þft] x} + . ;eL ;'ljwf s} Dk; ;] n] t] x} cf} / d] xgt ls;L lghL s} Dk; d] + s/ t] x} . P] ;L k|j[lt sf] / f] sg] sL cfjZostf x} . sfo{qmd d] + lxGbL lzIf0f g] kfn s] ;Gbe{ d] + pk–k|fWofks d+rnf emf tyf ljZjljBfno : t/ Lo lxGbL ;flxTo lzIf0f sL l: ylt, ;d: of cf} / ;dfwfg sf pkfo ljifo k/ cf+lzs k|Wofks ljgf] b s'df/

ljZjsd{f g] sfo{kq k|: t't lsof yf . sfo{kq k/ k"j{ k|fWofks pk] G› sdn tyf 8f= cjw lszf] / l;+x g] l6Kk0fL sL yL . lxGbL k|] dL v'zLnfn d08Þn, / fh] Zj/ g] kfnL ;lxt bh{gf] + jQmf g] lxGbL efiff s] ljifo d] + ckgL–ckgL wf/ 0ff / vL . cWoIfLo d+tJo d] + 8f= Zj] tf bLlKt g] pkl: yt ljb\jfgf] + sf] wGojfb lbof cf} / lxGbL ljefu sL sldof] + k/ k|sfz 8Þfnf . pGxf] +g] ox eL hfgsf/ L bL ls lxGbL ljefu

sf ckgf j] j;fO6 x} cf} / lkmnxfn gfdf+sg hf/ L x} . : gftsf] Q/ d] + gfdf+sg x] t' ls;L eL ljifo d] + sd ;] sd lb\jtLo >] 0fL d] + pQL0f{ xf] gf cfjZos x} . pGxf] +g] ox eL sxf ls lxGbL lzIf0f sf] gP tsgs ;] hf] 8Þg] sf k|of; lsof hf / xf x} . cGt d] + pGxf] +g] hgsglGbgL s] gu/ d] + x'P O; sfo{qmd sL ;kmntf s] lnP pkl: yt ;d: t cltlyof] + sf] xflb{s wGojfb lbof .

sfo{qmd s] b";/ ] ;q d] + sljtf jfrg

lxGbL efiff ca s] jn lxGb': tfg sL efiff gxL+ / xL . ox ca cGt/ f{i6«Lo efiff xf] r'sL x} . vf;s/ g] kfnL s] lnP lxGbL efiff Ps ufO8Þ sf sfd s/ tL x} . O;sL lhtgL eL JofVof s/ ] + ;"o{ s] cfu] bLks lbvfg] h} ;f xf] uf . ox aft eL : d/ 0f s/ fgf rfxtf x"F g] kfn d] + lhtg] nf] u g] kfnL lkmNd gxL+ b] vt] x} + p;;] Hofbf lxGbL lkmNd] + k;Gb s/ t] x+} . ptgf xL gxL g] kfn d] + ;a;] Hofbf lxGbL ;flxTo, kqklqsf eL k9Þt] x} + . g] kfn—ef/ t aLr a] 6L–/ f] 6L sf eL ;DaGw x} . clwsf+z s] 3/ d] + lxGbL af] nL hftL x} O;lnP eL g] kfn d] + lxGbL efiff sf 1fg cTofjZos x} .

ax't Hofbf lbg gxL x'cf ef/ t sf dgf] x/ kf] yL l;km{ ef/ t d] + gxL g] kfn s] eL 3/ 3/ d] + nf] u k9Þt] y] p;sL cfh eL cfjZostf x} . ox ;xL x} ls g] kfn d] + c+u|] hL sL k9ÞfO{ k|f/ De ;] xf] / xL x} n] lsg lxGbL sL k9ÞfO{ gxL xf] gf ox ;a;] a8Þf b'ef{Uo x} . lh;;] xdf/ f ckgTj xL gxL

;fF: s[lts, eflifs, cfly{s, : jf: Yo, dgf] / ~hgfTds ;DaGw c6"6 ¿k ;] agf x} p; s] k|lt g] kfn ;/ sf/ sf] uDeL/ xf] gf rflxP .

xd] + ax't v'zL x} ls dftf hfgsL sL s[kf ;] @% lb;Da/ sf] hgsk'/ d] + …ljBfno : t/ Lo lxGbL ;flxTo lzIf0f ljlw, sfo{zfnfÚ cfof] lht sL uO{ yL . ox sfo{qmd ax't s'5 ;Gb] z b] / xf x} . d} + rfx"Fuf ls O; k|sf/ sL sfof{zfnf ;fn d] + rf/ af/ xf] gL rflxP . ox Ps lbj;Lo gxL ;Ktfx JofkL xf] gL rflxP . d} + lxGbL ljefu sL ljefufWoIf 8f= Zj] tf bLlKt sf] eL wGojfb b] gf rfx"Fuf hf] Ps dlxnf xf] s/ P] ;f sfo{qmd hgsk'/ d] + sL x} .

u0f] z r} tGo a|Xdrf/ L;dfh;] jL Pj+ g] tf

g] kfnL sfFu|] ;


lsof uof yf . sljtf jfrg s/ g] jfn] d] + / fh] Zj/ g] kfnL, Zj] tf bLlKt, / fde/ t ;fx, ljho bQ d0fL, k"gd emf, nfnhL 7fs'/ , s} nf; bf;, / fd/ tg ofbj, >Lgf/ fo0f ;fx, nIdL hf] zL, ld>Lnfn dw's/ , hoz+s/ gfy emf, jL=8ÞL rf} w/ L, rG›z] v/ / fo, / fdÅbo k|;fb, ;"o{gfy ofbj, dgf] h k|] d] z, k"gd emf, k|] d ljb] x nng, gfu] Zj/ d08Þn, ;kgf s0f{, ls/ 0f / ZdL, dx] z cfgGb, rG›z] v/ / fo, / fd: jfy{ 7fs'/ , ;Togf/ fo0f cfnf] s ;lxt sf slj g] ljleGg ;Gbe{ d] + sljtf jfrg cflb lsof yf .

g] kfn d] + s/ La *) k|ltzt ;] Hofbf nf] u lxGbL af] nt] cf} / ;demt] x} + . jx lstgf z'4 cf} / cz'4 af] nt] cf} / lnvt] x} ox sxgf tf] ax't xL d'lZsn x} n] lsg cu/ sf] O{ cGt/ f{i6«Lo efiff ;a;] Hofbf oxfF af] nL hftL x} tf] jx x} lxGbL . g] kfn s] s'5 / fhgLlts bnf] + g] eL lxGbL sf] g] kfn sL b";/ L efiff sf] ¿k d] + dfGotf b] g] s] lnP cfjfh p7foL x} . oxfF ts ls hgu0fgf d] + eL g] kfnL efiff s] cltl/ St dft[ efiff d} lynL, ef] hk'/ L, yf?x6, g] jf/ L tf] lnvf xL x} ;fy ;fy lxGbL eL lnvf x} . O;;] : ki6 xf] tf x} ls g] kfn d] + lxGbL sL eL

cfjZostf x} .lxGbL ef/ t sL efiff x} O;] Sof] + xd

ckgfPF P] ;L eL dgMl: ylt nf] uf] + sL x} . tf] Sof cFu|] hL g] kfn sL efiff x} lhGx] sIff g;{/ L ;] g] kfn ;/ sf/ g] k7g kf7g d] + / vf x} < ca / xL aft lxGbL ;] xd] + Sof] h'8Þgf xf] uf < O;s] sO{ sf/ 0f x} . O;sf kxnf sf/ 0f g] kfn—ef/ t aLr v'nL ;Ldf x} . Otgf xL gxL+ a] 6L–/ f] 6L sf eL cufw ;DaGw x} , jxfF sL a] 6L cu/ g] kfn d] ] + cfPuL tf] lxGbL efiff sf] n] s/ cfPuL . b";/ f sf/ 0f ox eL x} ls g] kfnL, d} lynL, ef] hk'/ L j0f{dfnf cf} / lnlk ;dfg x} lh; sf/ 0f nf] u lxGbL cf;fgL ;] ;dem cf} / lnv n] t] x+} . tL;/ f, g] kfn d] + ;a;] Hofbf lxGbL lkmNd k|bz{g xf] tf x} . O;;] eL nf] u 6"6Lkm"6L lxGbL af] n n] t] x} . rf} yf M / f] huf/ s] lnP eL oxfF s] nf] u jxfF cf} / jxfF s] nf] u oxfF cft] —hft] x} . kfFrjfF M oxfF sf ;flxTo hut eL lxGbL ;flxTo d] + Hofbf ?lr / vtL x} . Og ;a s] ;fy xL lxGbL sf Ps dxTjk"0f{ ctLt / xf x} g] kfn d] + . cfh s] g] kfn sf] af} l4s cf} / lzlIft agfg] d] + lxGbL efiff sf cd"No of] ubfg / xf x} . g] kfnL ;flxTo cf} / ;flxTosf/ lxGbL ;flxTo ;] k|efljt xf] s/ / rgf lsof s/ t]

y] cf} / ;a;] ljz] if aft o] ls seL lzIff sf dfWod oxfF lxGbL x'cf s/ tL yL . cu/ cfh s] ;Gbe{ d] + eL xd b] v] + tf] lxGbL sL ;fGble{stf ;dem d] + cfPuL . cfh lxGbL ljZj d] + ckgL kxrfg agf r'sL x} . ljZj s] ls;L eL sf] g] d] + cfk rn] hfPF lxGbL s] dfWod ;] cfksf sfd rntf x} . g] kfn s] lhtg] eL o'jf ljb] z hft] x} + pgsL efiff lxGbL xf] tL x} cf} / jf] p;L d] + ckgf sfd s/ t] x} + . g] kfn sL ;Ldf ef/ t ;] h'8ÞL x} rfx] jf] d} lynL If] q xf] , cjwL If] q xf] of ef] hk'/ L If] q ;Ldf kf/ s/ t] xL x/ g] kfnL lxGbL af] ntf x} . O; gft] eL lxGbL ;Dks{ efiff tf] x} xL a; O;] dfGotf b] g] sL aft x} .

ljZjljBfno : t/ Lo O; sfo{qmd d] + lxGbL ;] h'8ÞL sO{ aftf] + k/ Wofg lbof uof . sfn] hf] + ;] OG6/ sL k9ÞfO{ sf] vTd s/ lbof uof x} . ljBfnof] + d] + O;sL k9ÞfO{ gxL+ xf] tL x} P] ;] d] + : gfts of : gftsf] Q/ d] + 5fq sxfF ;] cfPFu] ox Ps ljifd ;jfn x} . cu/ ljBfno : t/ k/ cWoog sL Joj: yf xf] tL x} tf] / f] huf/ s] cj;/ eL k|fKt xf] +u] . lxGbL efiff g] kfn d] + ;a dfog] d] + cfjZos lbvtL x} . O;lnP O;] sfn] h d] + k9fO{ dfq ;Lldt gxL s/ ljBfno d] ++ eL k7g kf7g sL Joj: yf sL hfP . lxGbL ca s] jn ef/ t sf efiff gxL cGt/ f{i6«Lo efiff xf] r'sL x} . lxGbL ;] Ps gxL cg] s pknlAwofF x} + . / fhgLlts, cfly{s, ;dflhs cf} / JolQmTj ljsf; s] lnP eL g] kfn d] + lxGbL efiff sL] cfjZostf x} . lxGbL efiff s] ;fy g] kfnL eflifof] sf sf] O{ gof ;DaGw gxL+ x} . O;sf Oltxf; ax't k'/ fgf x} cf} / Oltxf; ld6tf gxL k|sfz 8Þfntf x} .

lqe'jg ljZjljBfno lxGbL s] Gb|Lo ljefu åf/ f cfof] lht Pj+ dfgljsL tyf ;fdflhs zf: q ;+sfo s] 8ÞLg k|f=8f=lrGtfdl0f kf] v/ ] n s] cfltYo d] + x'P …ljZjljBfno : t/ Lo lxGbL ;flxTo lzIf0f ljlw, sfo{zfnfÚ d] + ;xefuL jQmfcf] + g] P] ;] xL ljrf/ f] + sf] / vf . ljb\jfgf] + g] dfgf ls lxGbL s] ;fy e] befj x'cf x} cf} / O;s] ljsf; s] lnP k|fylds : t/ k/ O;s] cWoog sL cfjZostf x} . ha ef/ t d] + g] kfnL efiff sf] ;Ddfg k|fKt x} cf} / jxfF s] ;+ljwfg d] + O;] dfGotf k|fKt x} tf] g] kfn d] + O;s] ;fy b"/ fj Sof] + x} < O;] eL oxfF s] ;+ljwfg d] + cGo efiffcf] + s] ;fy xL dfGotf k|fKt xf] gL rflxP . ldlynf 8Þf6sfd, hfu/ 0f, hgsk'/ PS;k|] ;, t/ fO{ 6fOD;, hgsk'/ 6"8Þ] cf} / ef/ tLo ;dfrf/ kq lxGb': tfg g] O; sfo{qmd sf] k|d'vtf s] ;fy k|sflzt lsof .

efiff k/ ls;L sf clwsf/ gxL xf] tf x} . lhtgL efiffcf] + sf 1fg xf] ptgf nf] u 1fgL sxnft] x} . xdf/ L kTgL k6gf sL x} cf} / jx lxGbL xL af] ntL x} . xd afx/ d] + d} lynL, g] kfnL af] nt] x} tf] 3/ d] + lxGbL xL af] nt] x} . xdf/ ] kl/ jf/ s] clwsf+z ;b: o lxGbL xL af] nt] x} . p; lbg hf] hgsk'/ d] + lxGbL sfo{zfnf x'cf yf p;d] + ;xefuL xf] s/ d'em] ax't k|;Ggtf ldnL .

g] kfnL / fi6«Lo efiff cf} / d} lynL xdf/ L dft[ efiff x} tf] b";/ L efiff s] ¿k d] + lxGbL xL x} . lxGbL efiff sf ;DaGw g] kfn d] + cfh ;] gxL x} , ;lbof] + k'/ fgf x} . O;] rfx s/ eL sf] O{ ljR5] b gxL s/ ;stf x} . xfF, ;+sL0f{—ljrf/ s] s'5 nf] u x} hf] lxGbL ;] Oi{of s/ t] x} . n] lsg pmFr—ljrf/ s] cfwf/ k/ b] vf hfP tf] g] kfnL hgtf sf] lxGbL efiff ;] efjgfTds k|] d x} lh;] ;+sL0f{—ljrf/ jfn] nf] u ;f/ L tfst nufg] s] afjh"b eL h'bf gxL+ s/

;st] x} + . lxGbL tf] ;an cf} / cGt/ f{i6«Lo efiff ag r'sL x} .d} rfx"Fuf ls g] kfn cf} / ef/ t ;/ sf/ bf] gf] + g] kfn d] + O;] / f] huf/ s] ;fy hf] 8Þ] .

@% lb;Da/ sf] hgsk'/ d] + lxGbL l8Þkf6{d] G6 åf/ f cfof] lht sfo{qmd s] ljifo d] + s'5 af] ng] sL cfjZostf gxL x} . jxfF k/ a'l4hLljof] + sL ;3g pkl: ylt xL ;a ;Gb] z b] / xL x} . g] kfn sL b";/ L cGt/ f{i6«Lo efiff lxGbL sf] agfg] sL h¿/ t gxL+ jx tf] x} xL, l;km{ dfGotf lbnfg] sL cfjZostf x} .

k|jL0f zfxcWoIf

g] kfn k|] ; o"lgog, wg'iff

efiff÷;flxTo

47lxdflngLhgj/L@)!%

efiff÷;flxTo

ckf/ xif{ s] ;fy sxgf rfx"Fuf ls ef/ t d] + xL gxL g] kfn s] lxdfn, kxf8Þ Pj+ t/ fO{ k|b] z d] + eL lxGbL efiff ckgf cl: tTj sfod / vg] d] + ;kmn / xL x} , Sof] +ls O;sL d"n h8Þ x} —g] kfn cf} / ef/ t s] aLr / xf d} qL, j} jflxs tyf z} lIfs ;DaGw .

O;sf k|df0f b] g] sL cfjZostf gxL . r"ls+ g] kfn s] a8Þ] ;] a8Þ] Þ g] tf, cGo / fhgLlts JolQmTj, lrlsT;s, OlGhlgo/ , a'l4hLlj, ;dfh;] jL ;af]+ g] k|f/ lDes ;] n] s/ pRr lzIff eL ef/ t d] + xL xfl;n sL x} . s] jn Otgf xL gxL wfld{s b[li6sf] 0f ;] eL sxf hfo tf] ef/ t ;] xhf/ f+] sL ;+Vof d] + tLy{ofqL g] kfn d] + kz'klt bz{g, n'lDagL s] dfofjtL dlGb/ tyf hgsk'/ s] hfgsL dlGb/ d]+ bz{gfy{ cft] x} + Pj+ ljljw : yfgf] s] af/ ] d] + rrf{ s/ t] x+} . OgsL cleJolSt sf dfWod lxGbL xL xf] tL x} . hf] ;LdfjtL{ xf] t] x} + jf] lxGbL÷d} lynL bf] gf] + xL efiff k|of] u s/ t] x} + . j} ;] xL g] kfn s] eL tLy{ofqL ef/ t s] sfzL, k|ofu, cof] Wof, dy'/ f, j} Bgfywfd, huGgfywfd tyf uof Pj+ cflb : yfgf] + k/ hft] x} + tf] pgsL eL efiff lxGbL xL xf] tL x} . ;'b"/ kxf8Þ s] nf] u eL lxGbL d] + xL aft s/ t] x} + .

jf: tj d] + sxf hfo tf] g] kfnL efiff sL

lxGbL s] ;fy ;dfgtf ls;L eL cGo efiff ;] clws x} . g] kfn d] + goL af} l4s r] tgf cf} / gof o'u nfg] d] + oxfF lxGbL ;flxTo, kqklqsfPF, lxGbL ;flxTo lj1fg g] kflnof+] s] lnP ax't a8Þf ;Dan x} . lzIff If] q d] + xd k|j] z s/ t] x} tf] ceL eL xd] ox cg'e"lt ldntL x} ls s/ La !%—@) jif{ kxn] ha xdnf] uf] + sL k9ÞfO{ xf] tL yL tf] lstfaf+] d] + g] kfnL efiff d] + lnvL uoL ljifo j: t'cf] + k/ aftrLt cf} / ljZn] if0f lxGbL d] + xL x'cf s/ tL yL lh;s] kmn: j¿k ;demgf cf;fg xf] hftf yf .

dfWolds cf} / pRr: t/ k/ lxGbL lzIf0f rn / xf x} . k|df0fkq tx, : gfts tx Pj+ : gftsf] Q/ : t/ k/ eL lxGbL cWoog sL Joj: yf x} . sf7df08Þ" s] afu ahf/ l: yt kb\d sGof SofDk;, hgsk'/ sf / f=/ f=a= SofDk;, jL/ u~h s] 7fs'/ / fd ax'd'vL SofDk; tyf dl6xfgL s] of=n=gf=ljBfkL7 d] + lxGbL efiff sL k9ÞfO{ xf] / xL x} . k/ Gt' ha dfGotf sL aft p7tL x} tf] lxGbL sf : yfg xL sxL+ lbvfO{ gxL+ k8Þtf x} .

af] ng] jfnf+] sL ;+Vof sL b[li6 ;] g] kfn sf] lnof hfo tf] lxGbL efiff b";/ ] : yfg k/ x} . rnlrq -lkmNd_ ufgf Pj+ gf6s lxGbL d] + xL clws ¿k d] + k|rng d] + x} , Jojxf/ d] + x} k/ Gt' sfg"g d]+ gxL+ nutf x} ls lxGbL

Ps ljlzi6 efiff x} . xd Px;f; s/ t] x+} – bz{gzfl: qof] + sf cefj, ljåthgf] + d]+ / xL pbf;Lgtf cf} / Oltxf; sf] : yflkt s/ g] jfn] cWoogstf{cf] + sf] ljk/ Lt lbzfcf] + d]+ Wofgfsif{0f lrGtgLo x} .

lh; k|sf/ g] kfn cf} / ef/ t s] aLr cf+lus cf} / j} jflxs s] ;fy ;fy ljljw k|sf/ sf ;DaGw x} , O;sf] sfod / vg] s] ;Gbe{ d+] ;+ljwfg d] +, kf7\oqmd d] + Pj+ sfg"g j Jojxf/ d] + ptf/ g] s] lnP z'? ;] n] s/ pRr : t/ ts s] kf7\oqmd d] + ;dfj] z s/ fs/ lxGbL efiff k|of] u s/ g] jfn] cfd g] kflnof] sf] ;/ ntf sL cg'e"lt k|fKt xf] . O;d] + bf] gf] + b] zf] + s] ;/ sf/ ljZjljBfnof] + s] k|d'v JolQmu0L, ;dfh Pj+ ;d'bfo ;] h'8Þ] / fhgLlts JolQmofÞ] , ;ef;bf] , dlGqu0f cf} / ;/ f] sf/ jfn] tdfd lgsfo sL sf] lzz cf} / ;b\efj, nugzLntf Pj+ pbfx/ 0fLo k|of; sL cfjZostf x} . Sof] +ls ef/ t cf} / g] kfn s] aLr d] + hf] k|uf9Þ ;DaGw x} ox ;bf ;gftg sfod / x] ox d] / L kz'kltgfy, dftf hfgsL Pj+ k/ d lktf k/ d] Zj/ ;] k|fy{gf eL x} .

/ fd cwLg 7fs'/ >L j} =b] =h=p=df=lj= t'nl;ofxL, wg'iff

k|: tf] tf M s} nf; bf;

g] kfn—ef/ t aLr d} qL ;DaGw tyf g] kfn d] + lxGbL efiff sL cj: yf cf} / cfjZostf

g] kfn xfOs' s] Gb| -g] =xf=_ s] cfof] hg d] + lbgf+s @)&.(.(.$ s] / f] h sf7df+8Þ" d] + xfOs' uf] i7L ;DkGg x'O{ . k|fWofks Pj+ jl/ i7 / rgfsf/ / fds'df/ kf08Þ] s] ;efkltTj d] + Pj+ 8f= / fdbofn / fs] z s] k|d'v cfltYo d] + ;DkGg pQm xfOs' uf] i7L d] + ;j{>L ldqjGw' kf} 8Þ] n, nfnaxfb'/ e'h] n, d's'Gb cfrfo{, lji0f'axfb'/ l;+x, >Lxl/ km'of+n, ;'dL nf] xgL, jf;'b] j u'/ fufO{+, Zofd l/ dfn, ;Ltf/ fd clwsf/ L, e'jgxl/ l;+Ub] n, / d] z vs'/ ] n, lbJo lu/ L, 1fg pbf;, k|df] b k|wfg, pld{nf kGt k08Þ] o, z] / axfb'/ tfdfª, dLgf yfkf, ;'idf dfgGw/ tyf ;'gLn k'/ L cflb xfOs'sf/ g] ckgL–ckgL / rgf jfrg sL .

pQm ;df/ f] x d] + / fds'df/ kf08Þ] åf/ f xfOs' sL pTklQ,

ljsf; Pj+ g] kfn d] + xfOs' n] vg s] ;DaGw d] + lj: t[t ¿k ;] k|sfz 8Þfnf uof tyf k|d'v cltly 8f= / fdbofn / fs] z åf/ f uf] i7L d] + jflrt xfOs' s] ;DaGw d] + ;dLIffTds l6Kk0fL k|: t't sL uO{ .

: d/ 0fLo x} , g] kfn d] + xfOs' s] ljsf; s] lnP bf] df; k"j{ g] kfn xfOs' s] Gb| -g] xf_ sL : yfkgf sL uO{ yL . cf} / O; s] Gb| s] cWoIf k|f= / fds'df/ kf08Þ] x} + . pgsf bfjf x} ls xfOs' s] rnt] hfkfgL cf} / g] kfnL slj s] aLr ;'dw'/ ;DaGw : yflkt xf] / xf x} .

xfOs' s] Gb| åf/ f xfOs' uf] i7L


efiff

ox ;Ktfx ef/ tLo tyf g] kfnLo ldlynf~rn d} lynL ultljlw ;] kl/ k"0f{ / xf . bf] gf] b] zf] + s] ldlynf~rn d+] bf] cGt/ / fi6«Lo d} lynL ;Dd] ng Ps xL af/ Ps xL b] z s] bf] cnu–cnu k[i7e"ld s] JolQmåf/ f pb\3f6g s/ fof uof . ef/ tLo ldlynf~rn sL ;Defljt / fhwfgL b/ e+uf d] + x'P ;Dd] ng sf pb\3f6g g] kfn s] dfcf] jfbL g] tf tyf e"=k" d+qL / fdrGb| emf g] lsof tf] pw/ hgsk'/ d] + x'P ;Dd] ng s] k|d'v cltly g] kfn s] / fi6«klt 8f= / fdj/ 0f ofbj y] . Ps ;Dd] ng sf cfof] hg cGt/ f{i6«Lo d} lynL kl/ ifb\ g] lsof tf] b";/ ] ;Dd] ng s] cfof] hs y] cGt/ / fi6«Lo d} lynL ;Dd] ng . x} / fg s/ g] sL aft x} ls b/ e+uf d] + x'cf ;Dd] ng ;tfO;jf+ yf tf] hgsk'/ sf Uof/ xjf+ . O;k|sf/ ;db[Zo gfd sL o] bf] ;+: yfP+ ljut Ps bzs ;] Ps b";/ ] ;] n8ÞtL –emu8ÞtL cGt/ f{i6«Lo d} lynL

;Dd] ng s] gfd k/ lvr8ÞL ksf / xL x} + . n] lsg Og bf] gf] ;+: yfcf]+ sf] O; k|sf/ emu8Þt] b] v nutf x} ls;L ;] lvr8ÞL ksg] jfnL gxL+ x+} . cflv/ Sof sf/ 0f x} emu8Þf s] kL5] < ls;s] lnP o] ;Dd] ng xf] tf x} < O; k|sf/ s] b"lift dgf] lj1fg s] kL5] lsg–lsg nf] uf] sf xfy x} < aft ;tx k/ lbvfO{ k8Þg] s] afah"b eL nf] u ckgf d'+x gxL vf] n / x] x} + . n] lsg cfh Og ;f/ L aftf] + k/ k|sfz 8Þfngf ax't cfjZos xf] uof x} .

laxf/ s] tTsfnLg d'Vod+qL nfn"k|;fb ofbj g] laxf/ nf] s ;] jf cfof] u ;] dfq gxL clkt' OG6/ d] l8ÞP6 s] PlR5s ljifo ;] eL d} lynL sf] x6f lbof yf . OtgL ;d[4 efiff PsfPs dxTjxLg xf] uoL . ts/ Ljg

d} lynL sL oxL bzf g] kfn d] + eL yL . O;k/ d} lynLefifL s] sfg v]8Þ x'P . bf] gf] b] z s] d} lynL efiffefifL g] Psh"6 xf] g] sf] 7fg nL . O;s] lnP s'5 cleofgL nf] u ;g !((# h"g @) cf} / @! sf] / f+rL d] + hdf x'P . bf] lbg s] O; ;Dd] ng d] + a[xt 5nkmn x'cf . afb d] + jxL+ k/ / f+rL d] l8Þsn sfn] h s] Ps jl/ i6 lrlsT;s 8f= wgfs/ 7fs'/ , hf] ;Dd] ng sL cWoIftf s/ / x] y] , s] ;+of] hsTj d]+ cGt/ / fi6«Lo d} lynL kl/ ifb sL gL+j k8ÞL yL . ta ;] n] s/ cfhts ox kl/ ifb\ ef/ t s] ljleGg k|fGt nufot g] kfn d] + @& jf/ cGt/ / fi6«Lo : t/ s] ;Dd] ng, bf] bh{g ;] Hofbf k|lzIf0f, s/ Lj Ps bh{g w/ gf cf} / k|bz{g cfof] hg s/ r'sf x} . O; ;] d} lynL efiffefifL d] + jx't hfu?stf cfoL x} . ef/ t ;/ sf/ k/ ax't a8Þf bjfj k8Þtf cf / xf x} . zfob oxL sf/ 0f x} ls ;/ sf/

g] ;+ljwfg s] ci6d\ cg';"lr d] + d} lynL sf] zfldn s/ lnof . kl/ ifb sL o] ;j;] a8ÞL pknlAw yL .

O;k|sf/ cGt/ / fi6«Lo d} lynL kl/ ifb\ sL ultljlw b] v b/ e+uf s] ljBfklt ;+: yfg ;] h'8Þ] / fhgLltsdL{ a} Bgfy rf} w/ L a} h" 3j/ f uP . pGx] + / xf gxL uof . pGxf] g] b";/ f cGt/ / fi6«Lo d} lynL kl/ ifb\ u7g s/ lnof, du/ O; gfd ;] kxn] xL Ps ;+: yf laxf/ ;/ sf/ d] + k+lhog xf] uO{ yL . afb d] + a} Bgfy rf} w/ L a} h" g] cGt/ / fi6«Lo d} lynL ;Dd] ng gfd sf ;+: yf lbNnL d] + btf{ s/ jfof . cGt/ / f{i6«Lo d} lynL kl/ ifb\åf/ f ckgf af/ xjf+ ;Dd] ng wgjfb d] + ;DkGg s/ g] s] jfb a} Bgfy rf} w/ L j} h" ckgf k|yd

;Dd] ng sf cfof] hg============d] + lsof yf . tj ;] nuftf/ bf] gf] ;+: yfP jif{ d] + seL Ps tf] seL bf] ;Dd] ng s/ jfs/ Ps b";/ ] ;] cfu] efugf rfxtL x} + . ;} 4flGts tyf j} rfl/ s ¿k d] + bf] gf+] ;+: yf sL sfo{gLlt sfo{lbzf Ps xL x} lkm/ eL bf] gf] + ;+: yf / ] n sL bf] k6/ L k/ bf} 8Þ / xL x} . O;] b] v sf] O eL sx ;stf x} ls g] t[Tj s] lnP n8ÞfO{ xf] / xL x} . O;sf d"n sf/ 0f g] t[Tj sf xL ;jfn x} . a} Bgfy rf} w/ L a} h" ls;L eL xfnt d] + g] t[Tj xlyofs/ ckgf / fhgLlts dg;'jf k"/ f s/ gf rfxt] x+} . vf;s/ ;g !((^ dw'jgL d] + x'P b";/ ] cGt/ / fi6«Lo d} lynL ;Dd] ng s] cj;/ k/ k+ hosfGt ld> s] cWoIftf d] + ul7t ldlynf / fHo ;+3if{ ;ldlt s] sf/ 0f O;sL cf} lrTo cf} / ;fy{stf OtgL a9Þ uO{ ls ldlynf~rn d] + cGt/ / fi6«Lo d} lynL kl/ ifb\ sL ;j;] Hofbf rrf{ xf] g] nuL . ;r tf] ox x} ls cGt/ / fi6«Lo d} lynL kl/ ifbåf/ f cfof] lht cGt/ / fi6«Lo d} lynL ;Dd] ng sf cy{ xL ldlynf / fHo cfGbf] ng xf] uof . hj jfhk] oL ;/ sf/ g] d} lynL efiff sf] ;+ljwfg s] ci6d\ cg';"lr d] + / v lbof tj;] cfGbf] ngsf/ L sf xf} ;nf ax't a9Þ uof x} . ldlynf / fHo cfGbf] ng eL hf] / ks8Þg] nuf x} . n] lsg ;f+u7lgs dgl: ylt ljeflht xf] g] sf/ 0f ox cfGbf] ng p+rfO{ gxL ks8Þ kf / xL x} . oBlk s'5 / fhgLlts kf6L{ sf eL O;L p2] Zo sL k"lt{ s] lnP u7g x'cf x} . o] kf6L{of+ r'gfj eL n8Þ / xL x} . n] lsg dtbftf sf em'sfj gxL lbv / xf x} . O;sf ;j;] a8Þf d"n sf/ 0f ;+ul7t zlQm sf cefj x} .

a} Bgfy rf} w/ L a} h" hfgt] x} ls lhtg] eL nf] u v'n] ¿k d] + ldlynf / fHo sL df+u s/ / x] x} pgd] + pgsf sb j8Þf x} . O;lnP cfh gxL tf] sn g] t[Tj pgs] xfy d+] cfgf x} . n] lsg ox gxL hfgt] ls hf] h'g"g 8f= wgfs/ 7fs'/ d+] x} p;d] j] kL5] k8Þ hft] x} + . s] jn a} h"hL xL gxL ax't sf] O{ 8f= 7fs'/ s] Odfgbf/ L, sd{7tf, nugzLntf tyf ljnIf0ftf s] sf/ 0f kL5] k8Þ hft] x} + .

d} lynL ;Dd] ng d] +dbf/ L sf v] n

/fdl/emg ofbj

49lxdflngLhgj/L@)!%

efiff

O;lnP 8f= 7fs'/ sL lagf ldlynf / fHo cfGbf] ng sL kl/ sNkgf s/ gf xL j] sf/ x} . ;/ sf/ L gf} s/ L s] rnt] j] v'nt] gxL+ du/ cfGbf] ng sf vfsf pGxL+ s] kf; x} . j] ckg] hLt] hL ldlynf / fHo : yfkgf s/ gf rfxt] x} + . O;s] lnP pGxf+] g] ckg] lrlsT;s k] zf sf] eL bfj+ k/ nuf lbof x} . oxf+ ts ls nft df/ g] sL eL 7fg nL x} . Otgf a8Þf 8ÞfS6/ cfh lSngLs d+] a} 7 s/ f] 8Þf] sdft] du/ ldlynf / fHo sf h'g"g pgsf kL5f gxL 5f] 8Þtf . ldlynf~rn s] ufj+ ufj+ 3"dt] gh/ cft] x} + . oxL pgsL ;j;] a8ÞL v"aL x} lh;s] sf/ 0f jf] ldlynf~rn s] x/ Ps s] Xbo d] + jf; s/ g] nu] x} .

pw/ g] kfn d] + eL O;sf ha/ b: t k|efj k8Þf x} . jxf+ eL ldlynf / fHo ;+3if{ ;ldlt u7g xf] uof x} . oxf+ ts ls jxf+ s'5 nf] u alnbfgL eL b] r's] x} + . O;d] ef/ tLo ldlynf~rn xL kL5] x} . ceL ts oxf+ Ps eL JolQm g] ckgL hfg sL cfx'lt gxL bL x} . ef/ td] P] ;f sf] O{ eL / fHo gxL x} hxF+ lagf v"g ax] / fHo ldnf xf] . t] nfu+gf xf] of emf/ v08Þ bh{gf] + ;k"t g] ckgL hfg sL s'jf{gL bL x} . zfob oxL sf/ 0f x} ls ox / fHo ckgf ef} uf] lns cfsf/ n] g] d] + ;Ifd x'cf x} . uf] / vfn} 08Þ

cfGbf]ng jiff] {+ ;] hf/ L x} . du/ lh; / km\tf/ d] + ef/ tLo / fHo sf ljefhg xf] / xf x} p;;] nutf x} cfh gxL tf] sn ldlynf / fHo sL df+u] k"/ L xf] gL xL x} . n] lsg oxL aft g] kfn d] + ax't sd lbvfO k8ÞtL x} . vf;s/ s] g] kfn sL e"/ fhgLlt ef/ t ;] cnu xf] g] s] sf/ 0f jxf+ ldlynf dw] z / fHo agg] sL ;Defjgf x} . O;sf d"n sf/ 0f ox x} ls %@ ;k"tf] g] dw] z / fHo s] lnP ckgL hfg sL cfx'lt bL x} , hf] ldlynf / fHo sL t'ngf d] + jx't clws x} . lkm/ eL dw] z cf} / ldlynf Ps b";/ ] s] k"/ s xf] g] s] sf/ 0f ldlynfjf;L sf] ldlynf dw] z / fHo k/ xL ;+tf] if s/ gf k8Þ] uf .

ef/ t d] + ldlynf / fHo sL df+u ax't c;] { ;] sL hf / xL x} . afa" hfgsL gGbg

l;x+ s] dg d] + ox aft ;j;] kxn] cfoL yL . pGxf] g] ox aft clvn ef/ tLo sf+u|] ; sdL6L d+] / vgf rfxf . du/ o] ckgL aft sf] sdL6L d+] / vt] p;;] kxn] pGx] lu/ km\tf/ s/ lnof uof . O;s] afb 8f= nId0f emf g] ldlynf / fHo s] lnP aL8Þf p7fof . j] jiff] {+ ts O;s] lnP ;+3if{ s/ t] / x] du/ pGx] eL ;kmntf gxL ldnL . aLr d+] ox df+u] OtgL wLdL k8Þ uO{ ls ls;L g] rrf{ ts gxL+ sL . ;g\ !((# sf jif{ lkm/ / +u nfof . p;L jif{ cGt/ / fi6«Lo d} lynL kl/ ifb\ sL : yfkgf x'O{, lh;g] k'gM ox df+u bf] x/ fof cf} / cfhts O;] k|d'vtf s] ;fy p7f / xL x} . n] lsg d} lynL ;Dd] ng s] gfd k/ dbf/ L v] n sf hf] d+rg xf] / xf x} p;;] ldlynf / fHo sL d+Fu] w"ldn g k8Þ hfP Û

gful/ s nufgL sf] ifåf/ f ;~rflnt lgDg sfo{qmdx?df ;xefuL eO{ eljiosf] nflu art u/ f} + .

sd{rf/ L jrt j[l4 : jLs[t cjsfz sf] if, df ;xefuL eO{ art ubf{ kfOg] kmfObfx?M

l jflif{s & k|ltzt Jofh kfOg] ,l art u/ ] sf] @ jif{kl5 jrt / sdsf] *) k|ltzt

;fk6L lng kfOg] , l ;x'lnot Jofhb/ jflif{s !) k|ltztdf

lwtf] d"Nof+sgn] vfd] ;Ddsf] a9Ldf ?= @% nfv;Dd cfjfzshf{ ;'ljwf lng kfOg] .

l tnasf] PsltxfO{ / sddf cfos/ 5'6 ;'ljwf kfOg] , l tnasf] % b] lv ## k|ltzt;Dd / sd sf] if s§L ug{ kfOg] , l ;] jfaf6 cjsfz ePkl5 Psd'i7 / sd kfOg] , l h"g;'s} a} +ssf zfvf sfof{nox?af6 / sd hDdf ug{

;lsg] , l Jofn] G; ;l6{lkms] 6 lng ;lsg] . l b'3{6gfj; d[To' ePdf ?= ! nfv;Ddsf] b'3{6gf

aLdfsf] Joj: yf ePsf] .

gful/ s Psf+s of] hgf, @)%@ vl/ b ubf{ kfOg] kmfObfx?

l ;'/ lIft jrt, cfsif{s Jofhb/ df nufgL ug] { ;'gf} nf] cj;/

l cTolws t/ ntf sf] ;'ljwf ePsf] ,

l jflif{s * k|ltzt Jofh kfOg] ,

l h'g;'s} ;dodf vl/ b tyf ljqmL ug{ ;lsg] ,

l jrtsf] k|df0fkq kfOg] ,

l Jofn] G; ;l6{lks] 6 lng ;lsg] .

cfh} b] lv ;xefuL eO art ug] { afgL a;fnf} + .

gful/ s nufgL sf] ifgofF afg] Zj/ , sf7df8 Þf} + . kf] i6 aS; g+=M %*@#

kmf] g g+=M )!– $&*%&!(, )!–$&*%&@%, km\ofS;M )!– $&*%&!(O{–d] nM [email protected], j] e;fO6M www.nlk.org.np

Oqmf g] kfn åf/f PgcfO;L a08 sf] Pn=P= / ] l6· oyfjt\

Pg cfO{ ;L Plzof a} +s lnld6] 8Þ åf/ f hf/ L lsP æ&=@%Ü Pg cfO{ ;L Plzof a08Þ @)&&Æ Oqmf g] kfn lnld6] 8Þ g] jflif{s u} / : ynut cg'udg s/ s] k"j{ k|bfg x'P æL. A.Æ / ] l6Ë sf] oyfjt\ sfod lsof x} .

pSt / ] l6Ë g] a} +s åf/ f hf/ L x'P ljQLo ;fwg s] ;do d]+ C0f e'QmfgL s/ ;sg] sL kof{Kt ljQLo Ifdtf / xg] sL tyf nufgL d] + sd hf] lvd / xg] s] tYo sf] phfu/ lsof x} . a} +s e'QmfgL cjlw & jif{, Jofhb/ jflif{s &=@%Ü cf} / %) s/ f] 8Þ a/ fa/ s] C0fkq cfly{s jif{ )&)÷)&! d]+ hf/ L lsof yf . a} s cf=j= )&)÷)&! s] lnP r'Qmf k+"hL s] #) k|ltzt -!% k|ltzt gub tyf !% k|ltzt z] o/ _ nfef+z k|: tfj lsof x} hf] a} +s s] cfufdL !& j] + jflif{s ;fwf/ 0f ;ef åf/ f : jLs[lt kZrft\ ljt/ 0f lsof hfPuf . a} +s ut cfly{s jif{ d+] *# s/ f] 8Þ !% nfv v'b d'gfkmf cfh{g s/ g] d+] ;kmn x'cf yf hf] cf=j= )^(÷)&) sL t'ngf d] + #)Ü sL j[l4 x} .


ofb]+

gof ;fn cftf x} cf} / rnf hftf x} n] lsg s'5 ofb] + Oltxf; ags/ / x hftL x} + . o] ofb] + seL cR5L tf] seL a'/ L eL xf] tL x} + . cfO{P u'h/ ] x'P jif{ sL OGxL+ r+b ofbf] + k/ Ps af/ ckgL lgufx] + 8Þfn] + .

g] kfn s] b";/ ] ;+ljwfg r'gfj s] kZrft\ sfkmL dSzt s] afb ;'zLn sf] O{/ fnf k|wfgd+qL ag] +, lkm/ ptgL xL vL+rftfgL s] afb u[xd+qL s] kb sf] jfdb] j uf} td g] ;Defnf . Ow/ ef/ t sL / fhwfgL lbNnL / fHo r'gfj d]+ go] + kf6L{ -cfd cfbdL_ s] pbo s] ;fy #( lbg s] lnP d'Vo dGqL s] hl/ jfn sf xf] gf cf} / @)!$ s] cGt ts kf6L{ ;dflKt s] suf/ k] hfgf eL x'cf . ljZj lxGbL lbj; k/ sf7df8Þf} F d]+ ef/ tLo / fhb"t s] ;xof] u d]+ lxGbL lbj; dgfgf .

u'h/ f ;fn xfb;f] + sf ;fn / xf dn] l;of ;] h'8Þf x'cf tL;/ f ljdfg xfb;f kxnf * dfr{ sf] @@& nf] uf] sf df/ f hfgf tf] b";/ f !& h'nfO{ sf] ¿;L ;Ldf k/ ljb|f] xL åf/ f @*# nf] uf] + sf] df/ lu/ fgf tf] @& lb;Da/ sf] OG8Þf] g] lzof ;] l;+ufk'/ jfnL Po/ nfOG; d]+ !^@ nf] u ;lxt nfktf xf] gf cf} / lkm/ hfef ;d'+b| d]+ p;sf dnjf ldngf .

ef/ t s] nf] s ;ef r'gfjd] df] bL agfd / fx'n d] + df] bL sf] k"0f{ ax'dt s] ;fy k|wfgdGqL ags/ dxfgfos ag sfFu|] ; kf6L{ sf] $$ ;L6 d] + l;d6fs/ ljkIf s] nfos eL gf 5f] 8Þgf, df] bL sL hLt s] afb laxf/ s] / fhgLlt d+] s/ j6 abnt] x'P gLtLz s'df/ sf Ol: tkmf b] gf cf} / blnt d'Vod+qL s] ¿k d+] lhtg / fd

dfemL sf] agfs/ goL rfn v] ngf tf] cu: t s] pkr'gfj d]+ gLtLz nfn" Ps xf] s/ df] bL nx/ sf] sd s/ t] x'P !) d]+ ^ ;L6 lhtgf .

g] kfn s] k|wfgdGqL sf s} +;/ ;] kLl8Þt xf] s/ cd] l/ sf d]+ @ dxLgf Onfh s/ fs/ cfgf tf] g] kfn ;/ sf/ s] vrf{ ;] s] =kL= zdf{ cf] nL sf] ls8ÞgL s] Onfh s] lnP ljb] z hfgf . df] bL s] zky u|x0f d]+ ;fs{ b] z s] k|d'vf] + sf kxnL jf/ zfldn xf] gf tf] k8Þf] ;L b] z s] e|d0f s] qmd d] + e'6fg s] afb g] kfn hfgf cf} / df] bLdo g] kfn xf] gf . hfkfg d]+ 6] Sgf] nf] hL s] gofF cfofd s] txt a'n] 6 k|'km / ] n Pjd\ z: q

lgdf{0f d+] sfdofaL kfgf tf] cd] l/ sf d]+ bzx/ f d]+ pkjf; s/ ljb] z d]+ eL df] bL d] lhs sfod s/ gf . xl/ of0ff s] lx;f/ d]+ xTof s] cf/ f] kL ;tkfn cf>d s] / fdkfn sf] / x: odo 9u+ ;] lu/ ̂tf/ s/ gf .

g] kfn d] + ;ft k|b] z sL 3f] if0ff s] afb dw] zL Pjd\ dfcf] jfbL kf6L{ ;lxt @@ bn åf/ f hgsk'/ d]+ cfd;ef s/ gf cf} / ;a;] a8ÞL aft x} ls !* j]+ ;fs{ ;Dd] ng d]+ * / fi6«fWoIf sL pkl: ylt d] + ljsf; sL pDdLb hugf cf} / kfls: tfg s] / j} P s] sf/ 0f lkm/ vTd xf] gf . !( j]+ ;fs{ ;Dd] ng kfls: tfg d]+ to xf] gf tf] ;fs{ s] qmd d] + df] bL sf n'lDagL d'lQmgfy ;lxt hgsk'/ wfd sf bf} / f P]g jSt k/ / b xf] gf cf} / lj/ f] w d]+ cfGbf] ng xf] gf . g] kfn ;/ sf/ sL gLot d]+ vf] 6 lbvgf, df] bL

s] ;fs{ d]+ cfg] s] jSt dw] z : jtGq u7aGwg s] ;+rfns 8f= ;L=s] = / fpt sf] hdfgt k/ 5f] 8Þgf . ef/ t d] + df] bL nx/ s] qmd d] + dxf/ fi6«, emf/ v08Þ, xl/ of0ff d]+ ef=h=kf= ;/ sf/ aggf tf] cfGw| k|b] z pl8Þ;f, l;lSsd, t] n+ufgf Pjd\ hDd" sfZdL/ d]+ If] qLo kf6L{ sf ;/ sf/ aggf . g] kfn d]+ 8f=;L=s] = / fpt åf/ f lkm/ ;] cfd;ef s/ g] k/ hgsk'/ Pjd\ hn] Zj/ d]+ k'ln; åf/ f / f] sgf tf] laxf/ d]+ !& lb;Da/ sf] nfn" Pjd\ d'nfod ofbj sf] ;lGw s] ;'qaGwg d]+ aw+gf .

lb;Da/ d]+ xL k|s[lt s] k|sf] k s] txt e'sDk s] em6sf s] ;fy s8Þfs] sL 7+8Þ d+]

v] n d] + cfi6«] lnof s] ;fy ef/ t sf xf/ gf . ljsf; sL k6/ L sf] a9Þft] x'P laxf/ s] d'Vod+qL lhtg / fd dfemL s] åf/ f g] kfn hn] Zj/ ;] ;6f ;Ltfd9ÞL lhnf ;'/ ;08Þ k|v08Þ dnfxL k+rfot d]+ kf] nL6] lSgs sfn] h s] pb\3f6g d]+ k"0f{ tof/ L s] jfjh"b 3g] sf] x/ ] s] sf/ 0f x] nLsfK6/ g pt/ gf Pjd\ lznfGof; g xf] gf . df] bL sL ef=h=kf= s] zLif{ g] tf cf8ÞjfgL hf] zL ;lxt sf] b/lsgf/ s/ k"j{ k|wfgdGqL c6n laxf/ L jfhkfO{ sf] ef/ t / Tg lbnjfg] d]+ ;kmn

df] bL, sfnf wg jfk; nfg] d]+ gfsfd tf] dx+ufO{ k/ / f] s nufg] k/ sfdofj x'P .

g] kfn d+] ;+ljwfg agfg] s] lnP sf] O{/ fnf, cf] nL Pjd\ jfdb] j uf} td ;lxt g] tf åf/ f seL ;xdlt tf] seL wdsL jfnf zAb k|of] u s/ gf, @% l8Þ;Da/ sf] lqe'jg ljZjljBfno s] åf/ f lxGbL lzIf0f ljlw sfo{qmd hgsk'/ d]+ kxnL af/ xf] gf . O; ;a s] jfjh"b g] kfn ef/ t s] lnP ox jif{ ef/ t s] k|wfgdGqL df] bL s] lnP ;a;] nSsL dfgf hf / xf x} .

gjjif{ @)!% d]+ ef/ ts] u0ftGq lbj; d]+ cd] l/ sf s] / fi6«klt cf] afdf sf ;/ Ls xf] gf tf] to x} k/ O;L aLr g] kfnd] df3 * ut] ;+ljwfg nfu' s/ g] sL t} of/ L hf] / f] k/ x} . hf] xf] @)!% ;af] s] lnP d+undo h¿/ ag] .

jif{ @)!$ g] kfn–ef/ t sL s'5 v6\6L dL7L ofb+]

gjLg s'df/ gjn

51lxdflngLhgj/L@)!%

ko{6g

g] kfn sL kxrfg a'4 s] b] z s] ¿k d] + xf] tL x} . ljZj sf] zf+lt sf ;+b] z b] g] jfn] dxfTdf a'4 sL hGd: ynL x} ¿kGb] xL . / fhf z'4f] bg sL / fgL cf} / uf} td a'4 sL dfF dfofb] jL sf] lno / fhsGof yL . pgsf hGd b] jbx s] ejfgLk'/ d] + x'cf yf . dfofb] jL sf Ps gfd ¿kfb] jL eL yf ;DejtM O;lnP ¿kGb] xL gfd k8Þf xf] uf . n'lDagL jx kfjg : yn x} hxfF a'4 sf hGd x'cf . ox : yn ljZjljVoft x} cf} / ko{6sLo tyf wfld{s b[li6sf] 0f ;] dxTjk"0f{ eL . n'lDagL u|fd ¿kGb] xL s] blIf0f klZrd d] + cjl: yt x} , hxfF dfofb] jL dlGb/ , czf] s : tDe tyf k'/ fTTj ljefu sL v'bfO{ d] + k|fKt %)) O{=k"= sL sO{ eUgfjz] if df} h"b x} + hf] pT;'stf cf} / sf} t'xn sf ljifo x} . ¿kGb] xL lhn] d] + a;l8Þnjf l;4 lzj dlGb/ , gf/ fo0f dlGb/ , cdf/ L s] dgf} / L lzjln+u, r+rnfdfO{, sf] 6L dfO{, s6} of s] sfnL dfO{ : yfg, dr{jf/ L dfO{ cflb sO{ k|frLg w/ f] x/ x} + hf] cfh eL df} h"b x} + k/ OgsL ;'/ Iff cf} / ;+j[l4 s] lnP plrt Wofg b] g] sL cfjZostf x} .

oxL+ slknj: t' eL x} hf] slknd'lg s] gfd ;] hfgf hftf x} . zfSoj+zLo / fhf z'4f] bg sL / fhwfgL oxL+ k/ x} . / fhs'df/ l;4fy{ ;] h'8Þ] cg] sf] + P] ltxfl;s cf} / k'/ ftflTjs : yn oxfF

df} h"b x} + . jf0fu+uff ;] k"j{, sf] 7L ;] klZrd, ef/ tLo ;Ldf ;] pQ/ cf} / dx] Gb| / fhdfu{ ;] blIf0f s] aLr s] If] q d] + xL a'4 ;] ;DalGwt !#* P] ltxfl;s : ynf] + sL kxrfg sL uO{ x} hf] ;} nflgof] + s] lnP cf} / Oltxf; s] 5fqf] + s] lnP lh1f;f cf} / cWoog sf ljifo x} . ltnf} / fsf] 6 tf} lnxjf d] + / fhf z'4f] bg s] / fhwfgL sf eUgfjz] if x} . ltnf} / fsf] 6 b/ af/ ;] %)) dL6/ pQ/ hf] 8Þf : t"k x} . slknj: t' ;+u|xfno cf} / n'lDagL s] ;+u|xfno d] + a'4sfnLg wft', ld6\6L cf} / kTy/ s] xlyof/ cflb bz{gLo ;fdu|L

/ v] x'P x} + . tf} lnxjf ;] bf] lsnf] dL6/ blIf0f s'bfg d] + dfgf hftf x} ls a'4 lgjf{0f k|flKt s] afb kxnL af/ ckg] lktf ;] ldn] y] . oxL+ sf] OnLjg x} , jxL+ ;] yf] 8ÞL b"/ k/ / fdbltjg : yfg x} dfgf hftf x} ls !$ jif{ jgjf; s] qmd d] + / fd jxfF ?s] y] . jxL+ k/ r6\6fg k/ s'5 lgzfg x} lhGx] + / fd s] tnj] s] lgzfg s] ¿k d] + hfgf hftf x} . tf} lnxjf ;] kfFr lsnf] dL6/ blIf0f uf] l6xjf d] + czf] s : tDe x} , lh;] kmflxcfg s] cg';f/ qms'R5Gb a'4 b\jf/ f lgjf{0f k|fKt s/ g] k/ ckg] lktf ;] ldng] sL hux k/ agfof uof yf . tf} lnxjf ;] ;ft lsnf] dL6/ sL b"/ L k/ lgufnL ;fu/ cf} / lglUnxjf czf] s : tDe x} . P] ;] xL sO{ : yn oxfF cf;kf; d] + x} hf] ckg] cGb/ Oltxf; ;d] 6] x'P x} . n'lDagL d] + ljZj s] sO{ b] zf] + s] a'4 d+lb/ x} + hf] ;f} Gbo{ cf} / snf sL b[li6 ;] cb\e't x} + cf} / ko{6sf] + sf dg df] xt] x} + .

sf7dfG8Þf} ;] n'lDagL hfg] s] lnP a; cf} / xjfO{ dfu{ bf] gf] + sL ;'ljwf x} . ox If] q b] z s] cGo efuf] + ;] ;8Þs dfu{ ;] h'8ÞtL x} . ef/ t s] pQ/ k|b] z sL ;Ldf oxfF ;] h'8ÞL x'O{ x} . uf] / vk'/ ;] ;'gf} nL qmf; s/ t] x'P e} / xjf xf] t] x'P n'lDagL cfof hftf x} . ko{6sf] + s] lnP oxfF ;f/ L ;'ljwfPF pknAw x} + . d+xu] cf} / ;: t] bf] gf] + k|sf/ s] xf] 6n oxfF cf;fgL ;] ldn hft] x} + . af} 4 cg'ofloof] + sL oxfF jif{e/ eL8Þ nuL / xtL x} . k|fs[lts ;f} Gbo{ hxfF cfFvf] + sf] t'i6 s/ tL x} jxL+ af} 4 d+qf] Rrf/ 0f cf} / zf+t jftfj/ 0f cfTdf sf] ;'s"g b] tf x} .

a'4 k|b] z M ¿kGb] xL

ofbf] + s] em/ f] v] ;] xl/ g] eLif0f x'+sf/ lsof, ckgf : j¿k lj: tf/ lsof,8Þudu–8Þudu lbUuh 8Þf] n] , eujfg s'lkt xf] s/ af] n] –h+hL/ a9Þf s/ ;fw d'em] , xfF, b'of] {wg Û af+w d'em] .ox b] v uug d'em d] + no x} Û ox b] v, kjg d'emd] + no x} ,d'emd] + ljnLg em+sf/ ;sn, d'emd] + no x} ;+;f/ ;sn .cd/ Tj km"ntf x} d'emd] +, ;+xf/ e"mntf x} d'emd] + .pbofrn d] / f bLKt efn, e"d08Þn jIf: yn ljzfn,e'h kl/ lw–a+w sf] 3] / ] x} +, d} gfs–d] ? ku d] / ] x} + .lbkt] hf] u|x gIfq lgs/ , ;a x} + d] / ] d'v s] cGb/ .

– / fdwf/ L l;+x lbgs/ -/ lZd/ yL_


ljgo s'df/÷sf7df+8"

dxfdgf kl08Þt dbg df] xg dfnjLo sf !%# jf+ hGdf] T;j g] kfn d+] eL xiff] {Nnf; s] ;fy dgfof uof . dfxfdgf dfnjLo ld;g g] kfn åf/ f Pe/ ] i6 xf] 6] n d] + cfof] lht sfo{qmd s] k|d'v cltly dxfdlxd pk/ fi6«klt k/ dfgGb emf g] sxf, dfnjLo Ps dxfdfgj y] . u'0f: t/ Lo lzIff If] qf] + d+] pgsf of] ubfg ct'ngLo / xf x} . ;fbf hLjg pRr larf/ s] l;4fGt eL ufGwL hL ;] pGxf] g] l;vf yf cf} / dxfTdf ufGwL dfnjLo hL sf] a8Þ] Þ e} of sxs/ a'nft] y] . ha ef/ tLo : jtGqtf ;+u|fd s] cfGbf] ng d] + lx: ;f lnof ta dfnjLo hL g] c+u|] hf] + ;] sxf yf, t'd xd+] hg lgjf{lrt k|ltlglw bf] xd 6} S; e/ ] +u] . g] kfn k/ eL dfnjLo hL sf pbf/ b[li6sf] 0f yf pGxf] g] + atfof . dfnjLo hL h} ;] dxfdfgj sf hGd x/ ztfAbL cf} / ;eL b] zf] + d] + xf] gf h¿/ L atfof . O;L t/ x dxfdlxd ef/ tLo / fhb"t / l~ht / ] g] g] kfn cf} / ef/ t s] ;DaGw k|uf9Þ xf] g] sf k|d'v sf/ 0f ljZjgfy cf} / kz'kltgfy s] ;DaGw x} + P] ;f sxf . g] kfn s] ax't ;] a'l4hLjL, cf} / / fhgLlt1f] + g] sfzL lxGb" ljZj ljBfno ;] lzIff u|x0f sL x} . g] kfn cf} / ef/ t s] ;DaGw k|uf9 agfg] d] + sfzL lxGb" ljZj ljBfno sL e"ldsf sf] dxTjk"0f{ atfof . g] kfn cf} / ef/ t s] aLr laut bf] dlxgf] d] + lhtgf ;DaGw lj: tf/ x'cf x} ptgf bf] rf/ bzsf] + d+] eL gxL+ x'cf yf–/ fhb"t / ] g] pNn] v lsof . xfO8Þ«f] kfj/ d] + tLg lkl8ÞPh, kfj/ 6] «8Þ h} ;] 8Þ] enkd] G6 s] ljifof] + k/ x'P ;Demf} t] sf] Ps 7f] ; ;DaGw xf] g] sf] s/ f/ lbof . bf] gf] b] z s] / fhgLlt1f] +

cf} / gful/ sf] + s] aLr eL ;DaGw a9fg] sL wf/ 0ff k|: t't sL uO{ . O;L t/ x k"j{k|wfgdGqL nf] s] Gb| axfb'/ rGb g] dfnjLo hL sf] b'lgof sf ljsf; rfxg] jfn] dxfdfgj atfof . xd ;eL sf] pgs] k|] / 0ffcf] + sL cfjZostf x} rGb g] atfof . O;L t/ x pks'nklt rGb|snf kf8ÞLof g] sxf, dfnjLo P] ;] k|v/ ;dfh;] jL cf} / b] z;] jL y] lhg s] dxTjsf] 7Ls ;] cf+sf gxL+ uof x} . pGxf] g] lzIfs, 8ÞfS6/ ;] Hofbf dg'io lgdf{0f k/ hf] 8Þ lbof . hats xd Ps ;xL OG;fg gxL+ ag] u] + tats Ps ;'Gb/ b] z s} ;] lgdf{0f xf] uf h} ;L dfld{s aft sxL . k|fWofks kf8ÞLof g] + sl/ a #) ldg] 6 s] dGtJo d] + dfnjLo hL s] of] ubfg sL e"/ L e"/ L k|z+;f sL . O;L t/ x k"j{ pkk|wfgdGqL tyf cy{dGqL e/ t df] xg clwsf/ L g] dfnjLo hL sf g] kfn d] + Jofks k|rf/ xf] gf h¿/ L atfof . ef/ tLo k|wfgdGqL g/ ] Gb| df] bL g] g] kfn cf} / ef/ t s] ;DaGwf] + sf] goL p+rfO{ d] + kx'+rfof x} pGxf] g]

sxf . g] kfn s] agg] jfn] ;+ljwfg d] + lzIff sf] k|fyldstf d] + / vf hfPuf cf} / O; ljifo k/ uDeL/ xf] s/ ;f] rg] sL cfjZostfcf] + k/ k"j{cy{dGqL clwsf/ L g] + hf] 8Þ lbof . sfo{qmd d] + ;dfh;] jL tyf k|fWofks u0f] z/ fh l;+x, s[i0f axfb'/ dfgGw/ cf} / ljZjaGw' yfkf sf] ;Ddfg lsof uof . sfo{qmd s] b";/ ] r/ 0f d] + 8f= lji0f' xl/ g] kfn g] sfo{kq k|: t't lsof yf lh; d] + 8f=dx] z s'df/ pkfWofo, 8f= df] xg nf] xgL, 8f=dfwj k|;fb uf} td, 8f= ;'/ ] z s'df/ zdf{ cf} / 8f= sdn s[i0f s] ;L g] l6Kk0fL sL yL . dxfdgf dfnjLo ld;g g] kfn s] cWoIf o'u cfrfo{ >L uf] / vgfy ;/ : jtL s] ;efkltTj d] + sfo{qmd ;DkGg x'cf .

g] kfn d] + dxfdgf dfnjLo s] !%) j] + hGdf] T;j s] cj;/ k/ / fi6«klt 8f= / fdj/ 0f ofbj s] k|d'v cfltYo d] + O; ;+: yf sf u7g x'cf yf . sfo{qmd d] + ljleGg k|ltli7t JolQmof] + sL pkl: ylt yL .

g]kfn d] dxfdgf dfnjLo P];] ofb lsP uP Û;dfrf/

g] kfn nfO{km OG: of] / ] G; g] …gf} nf] hLjg ;+a[l4 aLdf of] hgfÚ k|: t't lsof x} . …hLjg ;Da[l4 aLdfÚ of] hgf sL ckf/ ;kmntf s] afb sDkgL g] pSt of] hgfcf] + sf] kl/ is[t s/ s] gf} nf] hLjg ;Da[l4 aLdf of] hgf kf} if ^ sf] ;j{;fwf/ 0f ;dIf nfof x} . O; of] hgf d+] Psn e'Uftfg sL Joj: yf, ckfË czSttf sL ;'lawf, aLdfn] v hdfgt d+] shf{ pknAw cf} / !) ;] @% jif{ sL cjlw ts aLdf s/ ;sg] sL yk ;'ljwf / xL x} . ;j{;fwf/ 0f sf ljZjf; k|fKt sDkgL g] goL aLdf of] hgf åf/ f eL cfd nf] uf] + sf ljZjf; lhtg] sL ck] Iff ls x} . pSt of] hgf ;] ;Lldt cjlw s] aLdf z'Ns e'utfg kZrft $–$ jif{ s] cGt/ fn d+] aLdfÍ / sd jfk; xf] g] ;] ;j{;fwf/ 0f d]+ aLdf sDkgL s] k|lt ljZjf; a9] Þuf cf} / aLldt sf] t/ ntf Joj: yfkg d]+ ;xof] u kx+'r ;stf x} . O; of] hgf d]+ !^ jif{ ;] ^) jif{ ts s]

JolQmof] + sf] hLjg aLdf, !), !%, @) cf} / @% jif{ sL cjlw ts sL lnP aLdf, ;Lldt cjlw aLdfz'Ns e'utfg s/ s] aLdf cjlw e/ hf] lvd axg xf] uf . aLdf cjlw ;dfKt xf] g] ;] kxn] $–$ jiff+] { s] cGt/ fn d+] ;Dk"0f{ aLdfÍ / sd lkmtf{ xf] uf, aLdf cjlw ;dflKt d+] Psd'i7 af] g; / sd k|flKt, aLdf z'Ns Psn ls: t d+] eL e'utfg xf] uL, Psn aLdfz'Ns e'utfg d] + aLdfÍ s] @=% u'0ff d[To' hf] lvd axg xf] g] ts sL ;'ljwf nfoL x} . aLdfn] v hdfgt d] + ! jif{ d] + eL shf{ pknAw xf] g] sL cf} / aLdf cjlw d+] aLldt sf] d[To' x'cf tf] ljleGg ls: t d+] lsof uof cfjlws e'StfgL s6\6f gf s/ s] aLdfÍ cf} / cflh{t af] g; / sd pknAw xf] g] ts sL ljz] iftfP+ sDkgL s] k|d'v sfo{sf/ L clws[t ljj] s emf åf/ f x: tfIfl/ t lj1lKt d+] pNn] v x} .

g] kfn nfO{km åf/ f aLdf sL goL of] hgf

53lxdflngLhgj/L@)!%

;dfrf/

sf7dfG8Þ" . t/ fO{ dw] z nf] stf+lqs kf6L{ sL g] t[ rGbf rf} w/ L g] dlxnf ;zlSts/ 0f s] lagf nf] stGq ;'b[9 g xf] g] sL aft sxL x} . gj jif{ @)!% s] cfudg s] cj;/ k/ g] kfn– ef/ t dlxnf d} qL ;dfh åf/ f cfof] lht kqsf/ f] + s] ;fy z'esfdgf cfbfg–k|bfg sfo{qmd d] + ;dfh sL cWoIf g] t[ rf} w/ L g] g] kfn cf} / ef/ t bf] gf] b] z d] + dlxnf sL cj: yf bogLo xf] g] sL aft atfoL . pGxf] +g] sxf– bf] gf+] b] z sL dlxnf ax't ;] clwsf/ f] + ;] j+lrt x} , sO{ dfog] d] + pg;] lje] b lsof hftf x} . bf] gf] + d'Ns d] + dlxnf ;zlSts/ 0f sL cfjZostf k/ hf] / b] t] x'P g] t[ rf} w/ L g] cfu] sxf – / fhgLlt cf} / cfly{s > f]t k/ dlxnf sL kxF'r sf] a9Þfgf h¿/ L x} . g] t[ rf} w/ L sf sxgf yf–ha ts dlxnf sf] ljsf; s] d"nwf/ d] + gxL+ nfof hfo] uf ta ts nf] stGq ;+: yfut gxL+ xf] ;stL x} cf} / gxL+ cy{tGq xL cfu] a9Þ ;stf x} . g] kfn cf} / ef/ t sL dlxnfcf] + sL clwsf+z ;d: of ;dfg xf] g] sL aft atft] x'P ;femf ;d: of sf ;femf ;dfwfg 9"F9Þg] k/ eL hf] / lbof . bf] gf+] b] zf] + sL dlxnfcf] + sL cj: yf sf] ;'b[9 agfg] s] lnP g] kfn ef/ t dlxnf d} qL ;dfh lqmofzLn xf] g] sL hfgsf/ L eL pGxf] +g] bL . dw] z d] + ceL eL afnljjfx cf} / bx] h h} ;L ljs[lt xf] g] sL aft atft] x'P g] t[ rf} w/ L g] ;dfh d] + P] ;L ljs[lt s] lj?4 cleofg z'? s/ g] sf hfgsf/ L eL lbof . ljZj gf/L lbj; * dfr{ s] cj;/ dw] z s] ljkGg s'5 kl/ jf/ s] aRrL sf] uf] b n] s/ pgsf g;{/L ;] pRr lzIff ts sf cWoog vr{ eL ;dfh s/]uL, g]t[ rf}w/L sf sxgf x} . rf}w/L s] cg';f/ ef/t sL ^^jL+ u0ftGq lbj; s] cj;/ k/ g]kfn–ef/t dlxnf d}qL ;dfh åf/f hgj/ L @& tf/ Lv sf] dl6xfgL d] + z'e sfdgf cfbfg–k|bfg sfo{qmd /vf uof x} . pQm ;df/ f] x d]+ ef/t–g]kfn s] :yfgLo ck+u sf] x\jLn r] o/ k|bfg s/ g] sf sfo{qmd eL /vf uof x} .

z'esfdgf cfbfg k|bfg sfo{qmd d] +

;xefuL kqsf/ / fh] z clx/ fh g] vf; s/ g] kfn s] dw] zL d'n s] dlxnfcf] + sL cj: yf s] af/ ] d]+ rrf{ s/ t] x'P ;zlSts/ 0f s] lnP k|lzIf0f d"ns sfo{qmd cfof] hgf s/ g] s] lnP ;dfh sf] ;'emfj lbof . kqsf/ lk|o+sf kf08Þ] g] dlxnf ;d: of k/ lnvg] jfnf] + bf] gf] b] zf] + s] dlxnf kqsf/ sf] ;Ddfg b] g] s] ;fy ;fy dlxnfcf] + sf] ;~rf/ If] q d] + cfu] a9Þfg] s] lnP 5fqj[lt k|bfg s/ g] sf ;'emfj ;dfh sf] lbof . kqsf/ s~rgf emf g] efiffut ;d: of s] sf/ 0f dw] zL dlxnf kL5] / x hfg] sf lhqm lsof . g] kfnL efiff d] + ckg] ljrf/ f] + sf] : ki6tf ;] gxL+ / v ;sg] s] sf/ 0f dw] z sL clwsf+z dlxnf gf} s/ L

of cGo If] q d] + cfu] gxL+ a9Þ ;sg] sL aft pGxf] +g] atfof . kqsf/ emf g] b] z ;+ljwfg lgdf{0f s] qmd d] + xf] g] sL rrf{ s/ t] x'P ;xefluof] + efiff ;DaGwL gLlt d] + ;'wf/ s/ g] s] lnP kxn s/ g] sf] eL ;dfh sf] ;'emfj lbof . kqsf/ f] + sL aft sf] uDeL/ tf s] ;fy n] t] x'P g] t[ rf} w/ L g] kqsf/ f] + s] t/ km ;] cfo] ;'emfjf] + sf] cfufdL lbgf] + d] + k"/ f s/ g] s] lnP ;dfh x/ ;Dej k|of; s/ g] sf cfZjf;g eL lbof . sfo{qmd d] + ;dfh s] pkfWoIf / fwf sfo: y, ;'gLtf ;fksf] 6f, / hgL rf} w/ L nufot kbflwsf/L s] ;fy g] kfn s] ljleGg ;~rf/ dfWod s] kqsf/ f] + sL ;xeflutf yL .

;dfh ;] jf d] + g] kfn ef/ t dlxnf d} qL ;dfhdlxnf ;zlSts/ 0f s] lagf nf] stGq ;Dej gxL+ Mg] t[ rf} w/ L


;dfrf/

cfhsn alnk|yf s] c+t sL aft x/ cf] / ;] p7g] nuL x} . dfGotf x} ls aln b] g] ;] eujfg k|;Gg xf] t] x} + cf} / eSt sL d'/ fb] + k"/ L xf] tL x} + . lsGt' h} ;] h} ;] ;dfh d] + r] tgf a9Þ / xL x} j} ;] j} ;] O;s] lj?4 cf-jfh] + eL p7g] nuL x} + . xfn d] + ;DkGg u9 ÞLd-fO{ d] nf d] + xhf/ f] + sL ;+Vof d] + aln k|bfg sL uO{ cf} / O;] aGb s/ g] sL cfjfh eL p7L . lsGt' k/ Dk/ fcf] + sf aGb xf] gf Otgf cf;fg gxL+ xf] tf . hats JolSt : jo+ O;s] cf} lrTo sf] gxL+ ;demtf tats O;] / f] sgf ;Dej gxL+ x} .

xfn d] + xL bf+u lhnf s] xnjf/ uflj; ̂ xnjf/ s] t'n;Lk'/ g=kf= d] + xnjf/ ] cfrfo{ sf s'nk"hg sfo{qmd ;DkGg x'cf x} . O; k"hf d] + eL alnk|yf s] ;Gbe{ d] + ljrf/ ljdz{ lsP uP . ox s'n k"hf dWolkZrdf~rn If] q s] bfª lhnf s] sf} l8Þ0o uf] qLo cfrfo{ j+z s] xnjf/ ] cfrfo{ aGw' jfGwjf] + s] b\jf/ f ;DkGg xf] tf x} .

O; sfo{qmd d] + *$ 3/ kl/ jf/ s] s/ La @ ;f} nf] u xnjf/ ] cfrfo{ nf] uf] + sL ;xeflutf yL . s'n k"hg s] O; cj;/ k/ æxnjf/ ] cfrfo{ ;dfhÆ s] cWoIf n] vgfy cfrfo{ sL cWoIftf d] + Ps cf} krfl/ s

sfo{qmd sf cfof] hg lsof uof yf .g] kfn ;+: s[t ljZjljBfno bfª

a] nem'08ÞL s] k|fWofks ;d] t / x] jl/ i7 ljåfg cfrfo{ g] dfgf ls k|frLg sfn ;] rNftL cfoL O; k/ Dk/ f sf] tTsfn ;] xL cGt s/ gf rflxP . pGxf] +g] sxf ls aln b] g] s] lnP seL eL afWo gxL+ s/ gf rflxP . pGxF] +g] dlGb/ sL hux ljlwjt btf{ s/ fg] cf} / p; s] lno] ;eL / fh-gLlts bnf] + s] k|ltlglwof] + ;] ;xof] u s] lno] cfu|x eL lsof .

g] kfn ;+: s[t ljZjljBfno a] nem'08ÞL bfª ;] jf cfof] u s] cWoIf 8f= a] gL dfwj 9sfn s] ] k|d'v cfltYo d] + ;DkGg sfo{qmd d] + g] kfn ;+: s[t ljZjljBfno ;] jf cfof] u s] ;b: o tf/ fsfGt emf, g] kfn ;+: s[t ljZ-jljBfno ;] jf cfof] u s] lzIffWoIf gf/ fo0f s'df/ cfrfo{, xnjf/ ] cfrfo{ ;dfh s] pk-fWoIf k|] d s'df/ cfrfo{ tyf ;dfh sL

;b: o >LdtL ntf zdf{ cfrfo{ g] ckg] –ckg] ljrf/ JoSt lsP .

sfo{qmd d] + xnjf/ ] ;dfh sL ;b: o ntf zdf{ cfrfo{ g] sxf ls s'n k"hf s/ t] ;do kz'anL k|yf sL hux k/ gfl/ on cflb r9fs/ j k'vf{] + sL cfTdf zflGt cf} / cfrfo{ j+z s] ;Gtfg sL ;'v zflGt s] lno] sa"t/ p8 Þfg] sL k/ Dk/ f sf z'?cft s/ s] kz' lx+;f cGt s/ g] sf k|rng s/ ] tf] ax't xL cR5f xf] uf . d+lb/ sL ;d: of k/ eL pGxf] +g] ckgL lr+tf htfO{ . pGxf] +g] dfgf ls d+lb/ s] lnP cfwf/ e"t cfjZostf cf} / k"jf{wf/ gxL x} cf} / cfrfo{ j+z sf dfq Ps 3/ x} cf} / dlGb/ sf ;+/ If0f s/ gf eL sl7g x} . jt{dfg : yfg ;] cGoq pko'St hux cu/ pknAw xf] hfo tf] cR5f xf] uf .

clws ;do ;] dlxnf ;zlSts/ 0f, cfly{s : jfjnDag cleofg tyf ;dfh ;] jf d] + nuL >LdtL zdf{ g] la=;+=@)^( ;fn r} t dxLg] ;] z'? x'P xnjf/ ] cfrfo{ j+zfjnL k|sfzg s/ g] s] sfo{ sf] ca b] / g s/ s] cfu] a9Þfg] k/ an lbof .

lzIfs / d0f s'df/ zdf{ cfrfo{ s] cg';f/ O; cj;/ k/ ljleGg / fhg} lts bn g] kfnL sf“u|] ;, g] skf Pdfn] , g] skf Pdfcf] jfbL nufot k|ltlglwof] + sL pkl: ylt yL .

O;L t/ x af] Nfg] s] qmd d] + cfrfo{ j+zfjnL k|sfzg s/ gf cfjZos x} , clws ;do ts ;+sng cf} / cg';Gwfg d] + nu] k|sfz cfrfo{ g] eL larf/ JoQm lsof . p; sfo{qmd sf ;+rfng xnjf/ ] ;dfh s] ;lrj >j0f s'df/ cfrfo{ g] lsof yf .

s'n k"hg d] + alnk|yf cGt s/ g] sf k|: tfj

kjg hfo;jfn÷ g] kfnuGh÷-bfª_

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wd{

g] kf n ;/ sf / ;"rgf tyf ;~rf / dGqf no

;"rgf l jef u

hflt, wd{, j0f{ / ln·sf

cfwf/ df ljjfb gu/ f}+, Psn]

csf{sf] ;Ddfg / ;xof]u ub}{

/ fi6« lgdf{0fdf ldn]/ cl3 a9f}+.


d] ifM -r"= r] = rf] = nf= nL= n"= n] = nf] = c=_ – d] if / flzjfnf] + s] lnP ox dfx ;fdfGotof z'e x} . dfx s] k"jf{4 d] + wd{xflg, : yfgxflg, zf] s, Joo tyflk ;'vfg'e"Lt tyf lsl~rt wg k|flKt xf] uL tyf pQ/ fw{ d] + wg k|flKt, ;'v, sfo{l;l4 k/ Gt' zq'ccf] + ;] ;fjwfgL jt{gL xf] uL . cfk s] lnP …ç gdM lzjfoÚ sf hfk nfes/ / x] uf .

a[ifM -O= p= P= cf] = af= lj= a'= j] = jf] =_ – j[if / flzjfnf] + s] lnP ox dfx z'e gxL+ . dfx s] k"jf{4{ d] + zf/ Ll/ s kL8Þf, si6, / f] u, : qLsi6, zq'j[l4 k/ Gt' wg nfe . pQ/ fw{ d] + eL sf] O{ ljz] if nfe gxL+ tyf dfgl;s tgfj . t;y{ cfk lji0f' ;x: qgfd sf kf7 s/ ] + .

ldy'gM -s= ls= s'= 3= ª= 5= s] = sf] = x_ – ldyg' / flzjfnf] + s] lnP ox dfx dWod x} . dfx s] k"jf{4{ d] + e|d0f, wgk|flKt, rf} kfof nfe, k/ Gt' zq'jfwf sf] gsf/ f gxL+ hf ;stf tyf pQ/ fwd{ d] + eL ;jf{4 l;l4, 1fgj[l4, b|Jonfe . k/ Gt' zf/ Ll/ s kL8Þf tyf zq'j[l4 sL ;Defjgf t;y{ cfk b'uf{ zKtztL sf kf7 s/ ] + .

ss{M -lx= x'= x] = xf] = 8f= 8ÞL= 8Þ'= 8Þ] = 8Þf] _ – ss{ / flzjfnf] + s] lnP ox dfx ;fdfGo x} . dfx s] k"jf{4{ d] + Joo, dgd'6fj, wggfz . tyflk ceo, ;'v tyf ljho k|flKt xf] uL . pQ/ fw{ ptgL cR5L gxL+ tyflk wg k|flKt tyf e|d0f sf of] u x} .

cfk s] lnP lzj k"hg nfes/ l;4 xf] uf .l;+xM -df= ld= d'= d] = df] = 6f= l6= 6'= 6] _ – l;+x / flzjfnf] + s] lnP

ox dfx z'ebfos tyf ljho xf] uL tyf pQ/ fw{ d] + eL si6 tyf ;+3if{ s/ gL k8Þ ;stL x} . k/ Gt' cGttM ljho xf] uL . cfk s] lnP ;"o{ pkf;gf nfes/ xf] uf . dGq– ç 3[l0f ;"of{o gdM .

sGofM -6f] = k= kL= k"= if= 0f= 7= k] = kf] =_ – sGof / flzjfnf] + s]

lnP dWod kmnbfos x} . dfx s] k"jf{4 d] + zf/ Ll/ s si6, dfgxflg, tyflk ;'v, nfe 1fgj[l4, k'q ;'v tyf sfo{l;l4 xf] uL tyf pQ/ fw{ ptgL nfes/ gxL+ . k/ Gt' ;fdfGotof z'e xL / x] uf . cfk s] lnP xg'dfg rfnL;f sf kf7 nfes/ xf] uf .

t'nfM -/ f= l/ = ?= / ] = / f] = tf= tL= t'= t] =_ – t'nf / flzjfnf] + s] lnP ox dfx z'e x} . dfx s] k"jf{4 d] + wgk|flKt, rf} kfonfe, sfo{l;l4, pGglt . k/ Gt' c1ft eo tyf pQ/ fw{ eL ;'vbfos tyf nfebfos / x] uf . dfgxfgL ;] ar] + . cfk s] lnP b'uf{ ;KtztL sf kf7 >] os/ xf] uf .

j[lZrsM -tf] gf= lg= g'= gf] = of= lo= o'_ – j[lZrs / flzjfnf+] s] lnP ox dfx dWod x} , dfx s] k"jf{4 d] + eo, zf] s, lrGtf k/ Gt' lsl~rt wgk|flKt xf] uL tyf pQ/ fw{ cfk s] lnP z'ebfos gxL+ tyflk wgnfe xf] uf . cfk s] lnP …ç j+ j[x: kto] gdMÚ hfk nfes/ xf] uf .

wg'M -o= of] = ef= eL= e"= w= kmf= 9= e] =_ – wg' / fflzjfnf] + s] lnP ox dfx dWod x} . dfx s] k"jf{4{ d] + Sn] z xflg, zq'j[l4 tyf : yfgxfgL xf] uL tyflk wg k|flKt tyf cGttM ljho tyf pQ/ fw{ d] + wg k|flKt tyf kfl/ jfl/ s k|] d tyf dfgj[l4 . k/ Gt' c1ft eo tyf dfgl;s tgfj sf] gsf/ f gxL+ hf ;stf . t;y{ b'uf{ ;KtztL sf kf7 s/ ] + .

ds/ M -ef] = hf= hL= h'= h] = hf] = v= lv= v'= vf] = uf= uL_ – ds/ / flzjfnf] + s] lnP ox dfx dWod kmnbfos x} . dfx s] k"jf{4 d] + dfgj[l4, zq'gfz, cfo'j[l4 k/ Gt' / f] u, aGwg tyf Joy{ e|d0f sf] gsf/ f gxL+ hf ;stf . pQ/ fw{ eL ljz] if nfes/ gxL+ tyflk wg k|flKt, k'q;'v xf] uL . cfk s] lnP zlg sL pkf;gf l;4s/ xf] uL . dGq– ç z+ zg} Zr/ fo gdM .

s'DeM -u'= u] = uf] = ;f= ;L= ;'= ;] = ;f] = b=_ – ox dfx s'De / flzjfnf] + s] lnP si6s/ xL sxgf rflxP . dfx s] k"jf{4 d] + rf} kfof xflg tyflk lsl~rt wgfudg tyf pQ/ fw{ eL si6s/ x} . k/ Gt' cGttM ljho k|flKt xf] uL . cfk s] lnP …ç gdM lzjfoÚ sf hfk >] os/ xf] uf .

dLgM -bL= b'= y= em= `= b] = bf] = bL= r= rL_ – dLg / flzjfnf] + s] lnP ox dfx clt z'ebfos / x] uf . dfx s] k"jf{4 d] + gjsfo{ k|f/ De, wg k|flKt, k'q ;'v, lzIff d] + ;kmntf tyf sfo{l;l4 xf] uL . k/ Gt' wd{ xflg tyf pQ/ fw{ d] + eL rf} kfof nfe xf] uL . k/ Gt' / fhb08Þ sL ;Defjgf . ctM cfk …ç j[ j[x: kto] gdMÚ sf hfk s/ ] + .

-ox / flzkmn ! dfr{ ;] n] s/ #! dfr{ ts nfu" xf] uf_/ flzkmn k|: t't / flzkmn ! hgj/L ;]

#) hgj/L ts nfu" xf] uf

n] vsM k+=Hof] = x/ ] s[i0f emf -Hof] ltiffrfo{_df] = g= (*$$)&@!(^, sf7df+8Þ"

57lxdflngLhgj/L@)!%


dgf]/+hg;a;] Hofbf sdfg] jfnL lkmNd kLs]

xfn xL d] + lkmNd O+8: 6«L s] 6«] 8 Pgfln: 6 t/ g cfbz{ g] 6\jL6 s/ O; af/ ] d] + hfgsf/ L bL x} . t/ g cfbz{ g] lnvf x} ls, …cfld/ vfg sL lkmNd …uhgLÚ af‘nLj'8 d] + ;a;] kxn] !)) s/ f] 8Þ ?ko] sdfg] jfnL lkmNd / xL , lkm/ …# Ol8o6\;' @)) s/ f] 8Þ ?ko] sdfg] jfnL kxnL lkmNd cf} / ca …kLs] Ú #)) s/ f] 8Þ ?ko] sL sdfO{ s/ g]

jfnL kxnL lkmNd ag r'sL x} . lkmNd …kLs] Ú sL l/ nLh ;] kxn] xL ox cg'dfg nufP hf / x] y] ls lkmNd #)) s/ f] 8Þ ?ko] sL sdfO{ sf cf+s8Þf 5" ;stL x} cf} / O; cf+s8Þ] sf] kf/ s/ cfld/ vfg g] O; aft sf] ;flat s/ lbof x} ls jx xL af‘nLj'8 s] ld: 6/ k/ km] Szlg: 6 x} + . l;km{ b] ze/ d] + xL gxL+ alNs ljb] z d] + eL …kLs] Ú sdfn sL sn] Szg s/ / xL x} . …kLs] Ú g] ca ts ljZje/ d] + s/ La %%& s/ f] 8Þ ?ko] ;] Hofbf sL sdfO{ bh{ s/ jfO{ x} .

59lxdflngLhgj/L@)!%

hindi magazine January 2015 f

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Transcript of hindi magazine January 2015 f