High Voltage Power Electronics & Pulsed Power Lab. - 2678 IEEE...

2678 IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PLASMA SCIENCE, VOL. 45, NO. 10, OCTOBER 2017

A 120-kV, 5-kA Multipurpose Pulsed-PowerGenerator Using a Semiconductor Switch

and Magnetic Pulse CompressionSung Roc Jang, Member, IEEE, Geun Hie Rim, Member, IEEE, Chan Gi Cho,

Seung Ho Song, Su Mi Park, and Hong Je Ryoo, Member, IEEE

Abstract— This paper describes a high-frequency pulsed-powergenerator for various industrial applications such as watertreatment, food and medical apparatus for sterilization, or pol-luted gas treatment. The system is made of silicon-controlledrectifier as a main trigger switch, capacitors, two-stage magneticpulse compression stages, and a linear transformer to generatea maximum of 120-kV, 5-kA pulse. The parameters obtainedthrough the development are: output voltage: 120 kV (maximum),pulse repetition ration: 300 pulse per second, pulsewidth: 0.25µs, and mean power: 30 kW. The designed pulsed-power gen-erator is confirmed to be used effectively for many high-voltagepulsed-power applications related to environmental industry bysimulation and experiments.

Index Terms— High-voltage pulsed-power generator, magneticpulse compression (MPC), solid-state switch.

I. INTRODUCTION

S INCE the mid-1990s, there have been many trials to usehigh-voltage pulsed-power systems for various industrial

applications such as water treatment, food and medical appa-ratus for sterilization, or polluted gas treatment [1]–[6].

The principle of the pulsed-power system technology toremove polluted gas using pulse streamer corona is such thatO, OH, and N radicals are generated and direct bond cleav-age or interactions through radicals can breakdown varioushazardous pollutants [7]–[9].

For the pulsed-power generator for this application,usually a high repetition rate and a high-voltage pulse of

Manuscript received January 18, 2017; revised May 15, 2017; acceptedJuly 8, 2017. Date of publication August 2, 2017; date of current versionOctober 9, 2017. This work was supported in part by the Korea Electrotech-nology Research Institute (KERI) Primary Research Program through theNational Research Council of Science & Technology (NST) funded by theMinistry of Science, ICT and Future Planning (MSIP) (NO. 17-12-N0101-23)and in part by the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) grant fundedby the Korea government (MSIP) (NRF-2017R1A2B3004855). The review ofthis paper was arranged by Senior Editor W. Jiang. (Corresponding author:Hong-Je Ryoo.)

S. R. Jang and G. H. Rim are with the Electric Propulsion ResearchCenter, KERI, and University of Science and Technology, Changwon 641-120,South Korea (e-mail: [email protected]; [email protected]).

C. G. Cho, S. H. Song, and S. M. Park are with the Departmentof Energy Engineering, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, South Korea(e-mail: [email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected]).

H. J. Ryoo is with the School of Energy Systems Engineering, Chung-AngUniversity, Seoul 06974, South Korea (e-mail: [email protected]).

Color versions of one or more of the figures in this paper are availableonline at http://ieeexplore.ieee.org.

Digital Object Identifier 10.1109/TPS.2017.2730243

Fig. 1. System block diagram of the pulsed-power generator.

approximately 30–150 kV ratings with a fast rising time from100 to 250 ns are generally required. For this requirement,many pulsed-power systems based on the magnetic pulsecompression (MPC) technology is introduced [10]–[13].

In this paper, a high-voltage pulsed-power generator thatcan be used for environmental applications is designed anddeveloped. The developed pulsed-power generator uses a sil-icon controlled rectifier (SCR) switch as the high repetitiveprimary switch operating up to 300 pulse per second (pps).Two high-efficiency MPC stages are involved to make a shortpulsewidth of rising time less than 130 ns.

The performance of the developed pulsed-power generatoris verified through simulations and experiments to operate asdesign specifications, and it can be used for environmentalapplications effectively.

II. DESIGN SPECIFICATIONS OF THE

PULSED-POWER GENERATOR

Design specifications and parameters of the developed high-voltage pulsed-power generator are as follows:

1) output voltage: 120 kV;2) output current: 5 kA;3) pulse rising time: <130 ns (from 10% to 90%);4) pulse repetition rate: 300 pps;5) average output power: 30 kW;6) efficiency: >75%;7) load impedance: 20–50 �.Fig. 1 shows the block diagram of the proposed pulsed-

power generator using SCR and MPCs.

0093-3813 © 2017 IEEE. Personal use is permitted, but republication/redistribution requires IEEE permission.See http://www.ieee.org/publications_standards/publications/rights/index.html for more information.

JANG et al.: 120-kV, 5-kA MULTIPURPOSE PULSED-POWER GENERATOR 2679

Fig. 2. Simulation circuit model of the proposed pulsed-power generator.

Fig. 3. Simulated waveforms of the charging voltage at C1, voltage across the SCR switch, and the current at secondary winding of TX1.

The system is made up of three blocks as shown in theblock diagram. The first block charges primary capacitors (Cst)up to 2.6 kV, which minimizes the use of the semiconductorswitches with the ratings of commercially available single-switch devices. For the capacitor charger, a general-purpose25-kV, 35-kW high-voltage capacitor charging power supplyis used [14]. In the second block, one SCR is triggered toapply the energy to 1:10 pulse transformer (MS1) in chargeof pulse forming 1.2 kA with a pulse duration of 9.5 μs. As anSCR switch, ABB 5SPR26L4502 model, which has a 4.5-kVvoltage and a 100-kA pulse current rating, is used.

A pulse transformer MS1 with a ratio of 1:10 transfersenergy to charging capacitors (C1 and C2) in the third blockup to a voltage of 26 kV and the saturation of MS1 resultsin compressing the pulsewidth to 1.5 μs, and the voltageacross the MS is doubled up to 56 kV. Then, the lineartransformer (LT) with a turn ratio of 1:4 raises the outputvoltage up to 224 kV and ensures 120 kV, 5 kA of output

pulse on a matched load of 25 �. The parameters obtainedthrough the development are: output voltage: 120-kV max,pulse repetition ratio: 300 pps, pulsewidth: 0.25 μs, and meanpower: 30 kW.

III. SIMULATIONS STUDY AND LOSS ANALYSIS

Fig. 2 shows the PSpice simulation circuit model, and thesimulation results are shown in Figs. 3 and 4. The chargingvoltage in the storage capacitor C1 and the voltage acrossthe primary thyristor switch are displayed simultaneously, andthe secondary voltage of the pulse transformer (TX1) in thefirst MPC stage is also shown in Fig. 3. From the simulationresults, a charging voltage of up to 2.6 kV at Cst (C3 inFig. 2) is applied to the primary winding of TX1 by triggeringSCR and the pulse current, which has a 1.2 kA of peakvalue with a 9.5 μs of peak value and charges the C1 upto 28 kV. As TX1 is saturated, C1 starts to discharge by way


Fig. 4. Simulated waveform of output load current at a 25-� load.

Fig. 5. Input energy, output energy, and major losses in each component.

of secondary winding of TX1 and the capacitor C1 rechargesup to 20 kV at its negative direction within 1 μs of a negativepulse current of 7.5 kA.

Fig. 4 shows the simulated output current waveform appliedto a 25-� resistance R6. The peak value of the pulse current is3.5 kA, and the half-wave full magnitude of the pulse currentis 0.25 μs. The input energy and output energy are deliveredto the load and major losses at each of the components areshown in Fig. 5. From Fig. 5, the total energy delivered to theoutput load is calculated as 83 J from 100 J of input energy.The detailed breakup of the losses is simulated as 2 J at theSCR switch, 6 J at first stage MPC, 4 J at the second stageMPC, and the losses between the first and the second MPCstages are estimated as 5 J.

IV. STRUCTURE DESIGN AND EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS

Fig. 6 shows the structure of the developed pulsed-powergenerator. The primary SCR switch, storage capacitor Cst,and the first stage MPC are located at the bottom part of

Fig. 6. Construction of the 120-kV, 5-kA pulsed-power generator.

Fig. 7. Experimental results of the charging voltage at C1, voltage acrossthe SCR switch, and the current at the secondary winding of TX1 (VC1:10 kV/div, VSCR: 500 V/div, and ITX1: 2 kA/div).

the construction, while the second stage MPC, capacitorsC1 and C2, and the linear step-up transformer are locatedat the top side of the construction. Each of the parts has acylindrical structure and contains oil for insulation separately.

In order to achieve high efficiency, minimizing the wiringthat makes an additional inductance and resistance is theimportant design consideration. As shown in the bottomof Fig. 6, the capacitor (Cst) and the thyristor (Tsw) are

JANG et al.: 120-kV, 5-kA MULTIPURPOSE PULSED-POWER GENERATOR 2681

Fig. 8. Experimental result of the output load current at 25-� loadcondition (400 A/div).

Fig. 9. Maximum output current (5 kAp) at 120-kV condition (1kA/div).

located at the inside of MS1. Accordingly, the wiring betweenCst, Tsw, and MS1 is minimized. In the same way, MS2 islocated inside of the LT, and the location of two capaci-tors (C1 and C2) is arranged near to LT.

With these structural designs, the line inductance as wellas the resistance due to the wiring is minimized. For reduc-ing losses on the magnetic components, METGLAS Alloy2605CO core was used to provide high permeability as wellas less hysteresis loss. In addition, MS1 is designed to saturatewhen the negative charging voltage on C1 is maximum basedon the B–H characteristic of METGLAS Alloy 2605CO. Andthe saturation time of MS2 is designed when the positivecharging voltage on C1 is maximum.

Experimental results are shown in Figs. 7–9. The chargingvoltage in C1, voltage across the SCR switch, and the sec-ondary winding voltage of TX1 (MS1) are shown in Fig. 7,and the overall operation characteristics are in agreement withthe simulation results.

Fig. 8 shows the experimental results at the same loadedcondition of the simulation in Fig. 4.

The maximum output current at the 120-kV condition isshown in Fig. 9, and it is measured to be almost 5 kA at its

Fig. 10. Maximum pulse repetition rate (300 pps) operation (500 A/div).

peak value. The pulsewidth is 250 ns, and the rising time andfalling time of the pulse current are measured to be 90 and100 ns, respectively. The energy at the output in this maximumcurrent condition is calculated to be 79 J, and the overallefficiency achieved is 79%.

The operation waveform of the maximum pulse repetitionrate of 300 pps at 1.5-kA pulse current condition is shownin Fig. 10.

V. CONCLUSION

In this paper, a high-voltage pulsed-power generator ofmaximum 120 kV that can be used for environmental applica-tions is designed and developed. The developed pulsed-powergenerator uses an SCR switch as the high repetitive primaryswitch operating up to 300 pps, and two high-efficiency MPCstages are involved to make a short high-voltage pulse withless than 100-ns rising time up to 120-kV output voltage.

The performance capabilities of the developed pulsed-powergenerator obtained through simulation and experiments are asfollows.

The maximum operating pulsed repetition rate achieved is to300 pps, and the maximum pulse output voltage and currentsare 120 kV and 5 kA with an average power of 30 kW. Themeasured rising and falling times of the pulse are 90 and100 ns, respectively.

The developed pulsed-power generator is tested and verifiedfor the design specifications for general-purpose environmentalapplications.

REFERENCES

[1] H.-J. Ju, J.-H. Park, K.-C. Ko, and E. Hotta, “Discharge processes ofNO gas using bidirectional pulsed voltage,” in 13th IEEE Pulsed PowerPlasma Sci. Dig. Tech. Papers, vol. 2. Las Vegas, NV, USA, Jun. 2001,pp. 1106–1109.

[2] M. G. Grothaus et al., “Gaseous effluent treatment using a pulsed coronadischarge,” in 10th IEEE Int. Pulsed Power Conf. Dig. Tech. Papers,vol. 1. Albuquerque, NM, USA, Jul. 1995, pp. 124–132.

[3] S. Boev and N. Yavorovsky, “Electropulse water treatment,” in 12thIEEE Int. Pulsed Power Conf. Dig. Tech. Papers, vol. 1. Monterey,CA, USA, Jun. 1999, pp. 181–184.

[4] M. G. Grothaus, M. K. Khair, P. Paul, E. R. Fanick, and D. R. Bannon,“A synergistic approach for the removal of NOx and PM from dieselengine exhaust,” in 12th IEEE Int. Pulsed Power Conf. Dig. Tech. Papers,vol. 1. Monterey, CA, USA, Jun. 1999, pp. 506–510.


[5] K. Takaki, T. Muaffaq, A. Jani, and T. Fujiwara, “Oxidation and reduc-tion of NOX in diesel-engine exhaust by dielectric barrier discharge,” in12th IEEE Int. Pulsed Power Conf. Dig. Tech. Papers, vol. 2. Monterey,CA, USA, Jun. 1999, pp. 1480–1483.

[6] F. Endo, W. Jiang, and K. Yatsui, “No removal using inductive-energy-storage pulse generator,” in Proc. 3rd Int. Symp. Pulsed Power PlasmaAppl., Mianyang, China, Oct. 2002, pp. 108–111.

[7] R. Korzekwa, L. Rosocha, and Z. Falkenstein, “Experimental resultscomparing pulsed corona and dielectric barrier discharges for pollutioncontrol,” in 11th IEEE Int. Pulsed Power Conf. Dig. Tech. Papers, vol. 1.Baltimore, MD, USA, Jun./Jul. 1997, pp. 97–102.

[8] K. Takaki, S. Kudo, S. Kato, S. Mukaigawa, and T. Fujiwara, “Multipointbarrier discharge for removal of NOX from diesel engine exhaust,” inDig. Tech. Papers Pulsed Power Plasma Sci. (PPPS), vol. 2. Las Vegas,NV, USA, Jun. 2001, pp. 1126–1129.

[9] E. M. van Veldhuizen, W. R. Rutgers, and V. A. Bityurin, “Energyefficiency of NO removal by pulsed corona discharges,” Plasma Chem.Plasma Process., vol. 16, no. 2, pp. 227–247, 1996.

[10] S. N. Rukin, G. A. Mesyats, A. V. Ponomarev, B. G. Slovikovsky,S. P. Timoshenkov, and A. I. Bushlyakov, “Megavolt repetitive SOS-based generator,” in 13th IEEE Pulsed Power 167 Plasma Sci. Dig.Tech. Papers, vol. 2. Las Vegas, NV, USA, Jun. 2001, pp. 1272–1275.

[11] J. S. Oh, M. H. Cho, I. S. Ko, W. Namkung, and G. H. Jang, “Oper-ational characteristics of 30-kW average MPC modulator for plasmade-NOX /De-SOX system,” in 11th IEEE Int. Pulsed Power Conf. Dig.Tech. Papers, Baltimore, MD, USA, Jun./Jul. 1997, pp. 1091–1096.

[12] S.-D. Jang, Y.-G. Son, J.-S. Oh, M.-H. Cho, and D.-J. Koh, “Pulsedplasma process for flue gas removal from an industrial incinerator byusing a peak 200-kV, 10-kA pulse modulator,” J. Korean Phys. Soc.,vol. 44, no. 5, pp. 1157–1162, May 2004.

[13] G.-H. Jang et al. Development of 0.5 MWe Scale DeSOX -DeNOX SystemUsing Pulsed Corona Discharge, accessed on 1999. [Online]. Available:http://www.getreideheizung.de/media/filter/nox_reduktion_thkim.pdf

[14] S.-H. Ahn, H.-J. Ryoo, J.-W. Gong, and S.-R. Jang, “Design and testof a 35-kJ/s high-voltage capacitor charger based on a delta-connectedthree-phase resonant converter,” IEEE Trans. Power Electron., vol. 29,no. 8, pp. 4039–4048, Aug. 2014.

Sung Roc Jang (M’17) was born in Daegu, SouthKorea, in 1983. He received the B.S. degree fromKyungpook National University, Daegu, in 2008,and the M.S. and Ph.D. degrees in electrical engi-neering from the University of Science & Technol-ogy, Deajeon, South Korea, in 2011.

Since 2011, he has been a Senior Researcher withthe Electric Propulsion Research Center, Korea Elec-trotechnology Research Institute, Changwon, SouthKorea. In 2015, he became an Assistant Professorwith the Department of Energy Conversion Tech-

nology, University of Science & Technology. His current research interestsinclude high-voltage resonant converters and solid-state pulsed power modu-lators and their industrial applications.

Dr. Jang received the Young Scientist Award at the 3rd Euro-Asian PulsedPower Conference in 2010, and the IEEE Nuclear Plasma Science SocietyBest Student Paper Award at the IEEE International Pulsed Power Conferencein 2011.

Geun Hie Rim (S’87–M’91) received the B.S.degree from Seoul National University, Seoul, SouthKorea, in 1978, and the M.S. and Ph.D. degrees inelectrical engineering from the Virginia PolytechnicInstitute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, USA,in 1988 and 1992, respectively.

Since 1978, he has been the Executive Directorof the Industry Applications Research Laboratorywith the Korea Electrotechnology Research Institute,Changwon, South Korea. He has authored numeroustechnical papers and holds 15 Korean and interna-

tional patents on his research subjects. His current research interests includepower electronics, motor drives, high-power energy conversions, power qual-ity, and high-voltage-pulse power generation.

Dr. Rim, in testimony to his esteemed status, the ministry of Science andtechnology of Korea chose him as one of nationally recognized researchersin 1997. He was granted the National Research Laboratory Fund for pulsed-power technology development by the Ministry of Science and Technology ofKorea in 1999. He is a member of various professional organizations includingKIEE and KITE. He is also a member of Phi Kappa Phi.

Chan Gi Cho received the B.S. degree in informa-tion display engineering from Kyung-Hee Univer-sity, Seoul, South Korea, in 2016. He is currentlypursuing the M.S. degree with the Department ofEnergy Engineering, Chung-Ang University, Seoul.

His current research interests include the resonantconverters and high-voltage pulsed-power system.

Seung Ho Song received the B.S. degree in elec-trical engineering from Kwang-Woon University,Seoul, South Korea, in 2016. He is currently pur-suing the M.S. and Ph.D. degrees with the Depart-ment of Energy Engineering, Chung-Ang University,Seoul.

His current research interests include the softswitched resonant converter applications and high-voltage pulsed-power supply systems.

Su Mi Park received the B.S. degree in energysystems engineering from Chung-Ang University,Seoul, South Korea, in 2017, where she is currentlypursuing the M.S. degree with the Department ofEnergy Engineering.

Hong Je Ryoo (M’17) received the B.S., M.S.,and Ph.D. degrees in electrical engineering fromSungKyunkwan University, Seoul, South Korea,in 1991, 1995, and 2001, respectively.

From 2004 to 2005, he was a Visiting Scholar forhis postdoctoral study with WEMPEC, Universityof Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI, USA. During1996–2015, he was with the Korea Electrotechnol-ogy Research Institute, Changwon, South Korea,where he joined the Electric Propulsion ResearchDivision, as a Principal Research Engineer, in 2008,

and was a Leader of the Pulsed Power World Class Laboratory. He was aProfessor with the Department of Energy Conversion Technology, Universityof Science & Technology, Deajeon, South Korea. In 2015, he joined the Schoolof Energy Systems Engineering, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, where he iscurrently an Associate Professor. His current research interests include pulsed-power systems and their applications, as well as high-power and high-voltageconversions.

Prof. Ryoo is a member of the Korean Institute of Power Electronics andthe Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers.

High Voltage Power Electronics & Pulsed Power Lab. - 2678 IEEE...

Documents

Transcript of High Voltage Power Electronics & Pulsed Power Lab. - 2678 IEEE...